In the wars which eagerly
solicited
him to accompany him to Rome;
followed the death of Caesar, Rufus joined the re- and Rufus, who had no wish for the sovereignty,
publican party and commanded the feet of C.
followed the death of Caesar, Rufus joined the re- and Rufus, who had no wish for the sovereignty,
publican party and commanded the feet of C.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Vit.
Apoll.
iv.
35, (MAMERCINUS.
]
46, vii. 16; Themist. Orat. xiii. p. 173, ed. Hard. ) RUFUS,' PLAU'TIUS, one of the conspi-
The poet Rufus Pestus Avienus was probably a rators against Augustus (Suet. Aug. 19). He is
descendant of Musonius. (See Vol. I. p. 433, a. ] perhaps the same as the C. Plotius Rufus whose
Musonius wrote various philosophical works, name occurs on the coins of Augustus as one of the
which are spoken of by Suidas as lóyou Giápopoi triumvirs of the mint. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 278. )
φιλοσοφίας έχόμενοι. Besides these Suidas men-
tions letters of his to Apollonius Tyanaeus, which
were spurious. His opinions on philosophical
subjects were also given in a work entitled, 'ATO-
μνημονεύματα Μουσωνίου του φιλοσόφου, which
Suidas attributes to Asinius Pollio of Tralles (s. 1).
Iwrlwv), but which must have been the work of a
later writer of this name, as A sinius Pollio was a
contemporary of Pompey. [See Vol. III. p. 439, b. ]
The work of Pollio seems to have been an imitation
of the Memorabilia of Xenophon, and it was pro-
bably this work that Stobaeus (Floril
. xxix. 78,
lvi. 18), A. Gellius (v. 1, ix, 2, xvi. 1), Arrian,
and other writers made use of, when they quote
COIN OF C, PLOTIUS RUFUS.
the opinions of Musonius. All the extant fragments
of his writings and opinions are carefully collected RUFUS, POMPEIUS. [POMPEIUS, Nos. 6.
by Peerlkamp, in the work referred to below. 1 8, 9, 13. ]
OTESCALE
ORDINARIE
KRAV
V. VN
SC
annon
TRIBU
## p. 677 (#693) ############################################
RUFUS.
njoyT7CC
MÍAS
RUFUS.
677
RUFUS, M. POMPO'NIUS, one of the con ) in the discharge of his judicial duties, was sen-
sular tribunes B. C. 399. (Liv. v. 13; Fasti tenced by that emperor to be banished to an island,
Capit. )
He was subsequently allowed to return to Rome,
RUFUS, POMPOʻNIUS, mentioned by Pliny and gained great influence with the emperor
(Ep. iv. 9. $ 3), as Pomponius Rufus Varenus. Claudius, by whom he was promoted to the con-
(VARENUS. )
sulship in A. D. 46. But he prostituted his power
RUFUS, A. PU'PIUS, occurs on the coins of and talents to base and unworthy purposes. He
Cyrene, with the legend TAMIAC, from which it possessed considerable powers of oratory, but theso
appears that he was quaestor in the province. Most were employed in bringing accusations against bis
of the coins have on them POTPOC, as well as wealthy contemporaries ; and his services were
NOTITIOC, but the former name is omitted in the only to be obtained by large sums of money. In
specimen annexed. (Eckbel, vol iv. p. 126. ) the reign of Nero, A. D. 58, he was accused of
various crimes, was condemned, and was banished
to the Balearic islands (Tac. Ann. iv. 31, xi. 1, 4,
5, xiii. 42, 43). Suillius married the daughter of
Ovid's third wife ; and one of the poet's letters
from Pontus is addressed to Suillius, in which he
begs the latter to reconcile Germanicus to him (exe
CZ
Pont. iv. 8). Suillius was also the half-brother of
Domitius Corbulo, the celebrated general in the
reign of Nero ; the name of their mother was Ves-
tilia. (Plin. H. N. vii. 4. 8. 5. )
COIN OP A, PUPIUS RUFUS.
RUFUS, SULPICIUS. (SULPICIUS. ]
RUFUS, RUTI'LIUS. [RUTILIUS. ]
RUFUS, TA'RIUS, was appointed, in A. D.
RUFUS, SALVIDIENUS. [SALVIDIENUS. ] 23, to succeed Ateius Capito, in the important
RUFUS, SA'TRIUS, a Roman orator, and a office of " curator aquarum publicarum,” but was
contemporary of the younger Pliny. (Plin. Ep. i. himself succeeded, in the following year, by M.
5. $ 11, ix. 13. & 17. )
Cocceius Nerva, the grandfather of the emperor
RUFUS, SCRIBO'NIUS. [PROCULUS, SCRI- (Frontin, de Aquaed. 102). He is probably the
BONIUS, No. 2. )
same as the L. Tarius Rufus who was consul suf-
RUFUS, SEMPROʻNIUS. 1. C. SEMPRO- fectus in B. c. 16.
NIUS Rufus, a friend of Cicero, was accused by
RUFUS, TITIUS, was put to death in the
M. Tuccius in B. c. 51. Shortly before Caesar's reign of Caligula, for saying that the senate thought
death he had received some injury from Q. Corni- differently from what it said. (Dion Cass. lix. 18. )
ficius, in consequence of which Rufus proposed a RUFUS, TREBELLIE'NUS, who had pre-
senatusconsultum after Caesar's death, which con- viously been praetor, was appointed by Tiberius,
tained certain things to the prejudice of Cornificius. in A. d. 19, to govern Thrace on behalf of the
(Caelius, ad Fam. viii. 8 ; Cic. ad Att. vi. 2. $ 10, children of Cotys. He put an end to his own life
ad Fam. xii. 22, 25, 29. ) [Comp. Rufio. ]
in A. D. 35. (Tac. Ann. ii. 67, iii. 38, vi. 39. )
2. A friend of the younger Pliny, who addresses
RUFUS, ŸA'LGIUS. (VALGIUS. ]
one of his letters to him. (Ep. iv. 22. )
RUFUS, VERGI'NIUS, was consul for the
3. An eunuch, and a Spaniard by birth, had first time in A. D. 63, with C. Memmius Regulus,
been guilty of various crimes, but possessed un- and received afterwards the government of Ger-
bounded influence with the emperor Caracalla. many. He commanded in this country in the last
(Dion Cass. lxxvii. 17. )
year of Nero's reign (A. D. 68), when Julius Vin-
RUFUS, L. SE’RVIUS, a name which occurs dex, the propraetor of Gaul, revolted from Nero,
only on coins, a specimen of which is annexed. and offered the sovereignty to Galba, who was then
in Spain. The soldiers of Rufus wished their own
commander to assume the supreme power, but he
steadily refused it himself, and would not allow any
one else to obtain it, except the person upon whom
it might be conferred by the
senate. He accordingly
marched against Vindex, who was defeated by him
in a bloody battle, and put an end to his life. When
the news of this disaster reached Galba, he was so
alarmed that he was also on the point of destroying
COIN OF L. SERVIUS RUFUS.
himself. The soldiers of Rufus were now more
anxious than ever to raise him to the imperial dig-
RUFUS, SEXTI'LIUS. l. P. , succeeded to nity, and as he would not yield to their entreaties
the property of Q. Fadius Gallus in a dishonourable they proceeded to use threats, which he equally
manner. (Cic. de Fin. ii. 17. )
disregarded. Soon afterwards Nero perished, and
2. C. , was quaestor in Cyprus in B. C. 47, at Galba was recognised as emperor by the senate.
which time Cicero wrote a letter to him, which is The new emperor, afraid of the intentions of Rufus,
extant (ad Fam. xiii. 48).
In the wars which eagerly solicited him to accompany him to Rome;
followed the death of Caesar, Rufus joined the re- and Rufus, who had no wish for the sovereignty,
publican party and commanded the feet of C. complied with his request. Galba, however, still
Cassius (ad Fam. xii. 13. & 4).
jealous of his fame with the German troops, con-
RUFUS, SEXTUS. (Sextus Rufus. ] ferred no mark of favour upon him; and this neg-
RUFUS, P. SUI'LLIUS, had been formerly lect of their former general gave no small umbrage
the quaestor of Germanicus, and having been con- to the soldiers who had served under him. On
victed, in the reign of Tiberius, of receiving bribes the death of Galba, Otho, anxious to conciliate the
NAJAS
1836
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## p. 678 (#694) ############################################
678
RULLUS.
RULLUS.
favour of the soldiers, raised Rufus to the con- | i. 1). This agrarian law, called as usual after the
bulship for the second time. Otho perished by name of its proposer the Servilia les, was the
his own hand soon afterwards, and the soldiers de- most extensive that had ever been brought for
termined that Rufus should now, at all events, ward. The execution of it was entrusted to ten
accept the empire. He remained, however, firm commissioners (decemviri), whose election was to
in his resolution ; and when the soldiers blockaded be conducted in the same manner as that of the
him in his house, he escaped from them by a back- pontifex maximus. Seventeen of the tribes were
door. But this continued opposition to their desires to be selected by lot, and nine of these were to
almost proved his ruin. Thinking themselves in- give their votes in favour of each candidate. The
sulted by him, they began to hate him as much as ten commissioners thus elected were to have ex-
they had formerly loved him; and accordingly when i traordinary powers. Their office was to last five
he was accused of taking part in a conspiracy against years, and the imperium was to be conferred upon
Vitellius, they flocked to the emperor, and eagerly them by a lex curiata. They were authorised to
demanded the death of their former favourite. But sell all the lands out of Italy, which had become
Rufus escaped this peril, and lived for many years part of the public domain since the consulship of
afterwards, honoured and beloved by all classes in Sulla and Q. Pompeius (B. C. 88), with the excep-
the city. At length, in A. d. 97, when he was tion of those which had been guaranteed by treaty
eighty-three years of age, the emperor Nerva made to the Roman allies; and likewise all the public
him consul for the third time, along with himself. domains in Italy, with the exception of the Cam-
During his consulship he broke his leg, and this panian and Stellatian districts, and of the lands
accident occasioned his death. He was honoured which had been assigned by the state, or had had
with a public funeral, and the panegyric over him a possessor since the consulship of Carbo and the
was pronounced by Cornelius Tacitus, who was then younger Marius (B. C. 82). The object of the
consul. His praises were also celebrated by the latter enactment was to avert any opposition that
younger Pliny, of whom he had formerly been the might be made by the numerous persons who had
tutor or guardian, and who has preserved the epi- received grants of public lands from Sulla Fur-
taph which Rufus composed for his own tomb: ther, all the proconsuls and other magistrates in
“ Hic situs est Rufus pulso qui Vindice quondam
the provinces, who had not yet paid into the trea-
Imperium adseruit non sibi sed patriae. "
sury the monies which they had obtained from the
booty of the enemy or in any other way, were
(Dion Cass. lxiii. 24, 25, 27, lxiv. 4, lxviii. 2 ; commanded to give the whole of such monies to
Plut. Galb. 4, 6, 10 ; Tac. Hist. i. 8, 9, 77, ii. 49, the decemvirs ; but an exception was made in fa-
51, 68 ; Plin. Ep. ii
. ), v. 3. & 5, vi. 10, ix. 19. ) vour of Pompey, whom it was thought prudent
The praenomen of Virginius Rufus is doubtful, as to exempt from the operation of the law. All the
we find in inscriptions, in which his different con- sums thus received by the decemvirs, both from
bulships are recorded, both Lucius and Titus, But the sale of the public lands and from the Roman
since he is expressly stated to have been three generals, were to be devoted by them to the pur-
times consul (Plin. Ep. ii. 1), it is more likely chase of lands in Italy, which were then to be
that there is an error in one of the inscriptions than assigned to the poor Roman citizens as their pro-
that they refer to different persons. Some modern perty. They were to settle a colony of 5000 citi.
writers, indeed, assign a fourth consulship to him, zens on the rich public lands in the Campanian
but this opinion is untenable. (See Tillemont, and Stellatian districts, each of the colonists re-
Histoire des Empereurs, vol. ii. p. 208, ed. Brux- ceiving ten jugera in the former and twelve in the
elles. )
latter district. These were the chief objects of the
RUFUS, VI'BIUS, lived in the reign of Servilia Lex, but it contained besides many other
Tiberius, and prided himself on two things ; namely, provisions relating to the public land. Thus for
that he possessed the curule chair which the dic- instance the decemvirs were authorised to decide
tator Caesar was accustomed to use, and that he in all cases, whether the land belonged to the pub-
had married the widow of Cicero. But his boasting | lic domains or to a private person, and also to im-
gave no offence, and he was raised by Tiberius to pose taxes on all the public lands which still re-
the consulship. His name, however, does not mained in the hands of the possessors.
appear in the Fasti (Dion Cass. lvii. 15). The It is impossible to believe that Rullus would
widow of Cicero has been usually supposed to be have ventured to bring forward this law without
Terentia, but Drumann has remarked, with justice, the sanction and approval of Caesar, who was then
that it was far more likely Publilia, the second the leader of the popular party; but it is equally
wife of Cicero (Geschichte Roms, vol. vi. p. 696). impossible to believe that Caesar could have de
Vibius Rufus frequently appears as one of the sired or thought that it was practicable to carry
declaimers in the Controversiae of the elder Seneca. such an unconstitutional and extravagant measure.
(Contr. 2, 4, 5, 7-9, et alibi. )
It is not, however, difficult to divine the probable
RUGA, ICI'LIUS. [Icilius, No. 2. ] motives which actuated him in rendering it his
RUGA, RU'BRIUS. [RUBRIUS, No 8. ] support. Any opposition, however just, to an
RULLIANUS, or RULLUS, a surname of agrarian law, was always unpopular among the
Q. Fabius Maximus. [MAXIMUS, Fabius, No. 1. ] lower classes at Rome. The aristocratical party,
RULLUS, P. SERVI'LIUS, tribune of the by resisting and defeating the proposition of Rule
plebs, B. c. 63, proposed an agrarian law, which lus, would be looked upon by the people with
Cicero attacked in three orations which have come greater dislike than ever; and their disappointment
down to us. We know scarcely any thing of the in not obtaining the grants they had anticipated
family or the life of Rullus. Pliny relates that would render still more welcome an agrarian law
his father was the first Roman who brought a boar proposed by Caesar himself. Besides this consi-
whole upon the table (H. N. viii. 51. s. 78), and deration, Caesar was probably anxious to unmask
Cicero describes the son as a debauchee (c. Rull. Cicero, who had risen to the consulship by the
## p. 679 (#695) ############################################
-11
RUPILIA GENS.
RUSIUS.
679
favour of the people, but who now exhibited un- | ingly Glandorp, in his Onomasticon, does not admit
equivocal signs of having deserted his former the Rupilii at all, but inserts all the persons of tho
friends and united himself to the aristocracy. The name under Rutilius.
latter would expect their new champion, as consul, RUPI'LIUS. 1. P. RUPILIUS, P. F. P. N. , was
to show the sincerity of his conversion by opposing consul B. c. 132 with C. Popillius Luenas, the year
the popular measure with all the powers of his after the murder of Tib. Gracchus. In conjunction
oratory; and thus he would of necessity lose much with his colleague, he prosecuted with the utmost
of the influence which he still possessed with the cruelty all the adherents and friends of the fallen
people.
tribune. In the same year he was sent into Sicily
Rullus entered upon his office with the other against the slaves, and brought the servile war to
tribunes on the 10th of December, B. C. 64, and a conclusion, for which he obtained a triumph on
immediately brought forward his agrarian law, in his return to Rome. lle remained in the island as
order that the people might vote upon it in the fol- proconsul in the following year, B. c. 131 ; and,
lowing January. Cicero, who entered upon his con- with ten commissioners appointed by the senate,
sulship on the 1st of January, B. C. 63, lost no time in he made various regulations for the government of
showing his zeal for his new party, and accordingly the province, which were known by the name of
on the first day of the year opposed the law in the Lex Rupilia, though it was not a lex proper.
senate in the first of the orations which have come (Vell. Pat. ii. 7 ; Cic. Lacl. 11; Liv. Epit. 59 ;
down to us.
But as his eloquence did not deter Oros. v. 9 ; Val. Max. ii. 7. & 3, vi. 9. § 8, ix. 12.
Rullus from persevering in his design, Cicero ad- $1; Cic. Verr. iii. 54, iv. 50, ad Ati, xiii. 32,
dressed the people a few days afterwards in the Verr. ii. 13, 15, 16. ) Rupilius was condemned,
second of the speeches which are extant. Rullus along with his colleague in the tribunate of C.
did not venture upon a public reply, but he spread Gracchus, B. c. 123, on account of his illegal and
the report that Cicero only opposed the law in cruel acts in the prosecution of the friends of Tib.
order to gratify those who had received grants of Gracchus (Vell. Pat. I. c. ). He was an intimate
land from Sulla. To justify himself from this as- friend of Scipio Africanus the younger, who ob-
persion, Cicero again called the people together, tained the consulship for him, but who failed in
and delivered the third oration which we have, in gaining the same honour for his brother Lucius.
which he retorts the charge upon Rullus, and shows He is said to have taken his brother's failure so
that his law, far from depriving the Sullan colo- much to heart as to have died in consequence ;
nists of their lands, expressly confirmed them in but as it probably happened about the same time
their possessions. Meantime the aristocracy had as his own condemnation, the latter indignity may
gained the tribune L. Caecilius Rufus to put his veto have had more share in causing his death. (Cic.
upon the rogation, if it should be put to the vote ; Lael. 19, 20, 27, Tusc. iv, 17. )
but there was no occasion for this last resort ; for 2. L. RUPILIUS, the brother of the preceding,
Rullus, probably on the advice of Caesar, thought already spoken of.
it more prudent to withdraw the measure alto- 3. RUPILIUS, an actor whom Cicero had seen
gether. (Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. üi. pp. in his boyhood (de Off: i. 31).
147-159. )
4. A. RuPilius, a physician employed by Oppi-
From this time the name of Rullus does not anicus (Cic. pro Cluent. 63).
occur again till B. C. 41, in which year we read of 5.
46, vii. 16; Themist. Orat. xiii. p. 173, ed. Hard. ) RUFUS,' PLAU'TIUS, one of the conspi-
The poet Rufus Pestus Avienus was probably a rators against Augustus (Suet. Aug. 19). He is
descendant of Musonius. (See Vol. I. p. 433, a. ] perhaps the same as the C. Plotius Rufus whose
Musonius wrote various philosophical works, name occurs on the coins of Augustus as one of the
which are spoken of by Suidas as lóyou Giápopoi triumvirs of the mint. (Eckhel, vol. v. p. 278. )
φιλοσοφίας έχόμενοι. Besides these Suidas men-
tions letters of his to Apollonius Tyanaeus, which
were spurious. His opinions on philosophical
subjects were also given in a work entitled, 'ATO-
μνημονεύματα Μουσωνίου του φιλοσόφου, which
Suidas attributes to Asinius Pollio of Tralles (s. 1).
Iwrlwv), but which must have been the work of a
later writer of this name, as A sinius Pollio was a
contemporary of Pompey. [See Vol. III. p. 439, b. ]
The work of Pollio seems to have been an imitation
of the Memorabilia of Xenophon, and it was pro-
bably this work that Stobaeus (Floril
. xxix. 78,
lvi. 18), A. Gellius (v. 1, ix, 2, xvi. 1), Arrian,
and other writers made use of, when they quote
COIN OF C, PLOTIUS RUFUS.
the opinions of Musonius. All the extant fragments
of his writings and opinions are carefully collected RUFUS, POMPEIUS. [POMPEIUS, Nos. 6.
by Peerlkamp, in the work referred to below. 1 8, 9, 13. ]
OTESCALE
ORDINARIE
KRAV
V. VN
SC
annon
TRIBU
## p. 677 (#693) ############################################
RUFUS.
njoyT7CC
MÍAS
RUFUS.
677
RUFUS, M. POMPO'NIUS, one of the con ) in the discharge of his judicial duties, was sen-
sular tribunes B. C. 399. (Liv. v. 13; Fasti tenced by that emperor to be banished to an island,
Capit. )
He was subsequently allowed to return to Rome,
RUFUS, POMPOʻNIUS, mentioned by Pliny and gained great influence with the emperor
(Ep. iv. 9. $ 3), as Pomponius Rufus Varenus. Claudius, by whom he was promoted to the con-
(VARENUS. )
sulship in A. D. 46. But he prostituted his power
RUFUS, A. PU'PIUS, occurs on the coins of and talents to base and unworthy purposes. He
Cyrene, with the legend TAMIAC, from which it possessed considerable powers of oratory, but theso
appears that he was quaestor in the province. Most were employed in bringing accusations against bis
of the coins have on them POTPOC, as well as wealthy contemporaries ; and his services were
NOTITIOC, but the former name is omitted in the only to be obtained by large sums of money. In
specimen annexed. (Eckbel, vol iv. p. 126. ) the reign of Nero, A. D. 58, he was accused of
various crimes, was condemned, and was banished
to the Balearic islands (Tac. Ann. iv. 31, xi. 1, 4,
5, xiii. 42, 43). Suillius married the daughter of
Ovid's third wife ; and one of the poet's letters
from Pontus is addressed to Suillius, in which he
begs the latter to reconcile Germanicus to him (exe
CZ
Pont. iv. 8). Suillius was also the half-brother of
Domitius Corbulo, the celebrated general in the
reign of Nero ; the name of their mother was Ves-
tilia. (Plin. H. N. vii. 4. 8. 5. )
COIN OP A, PUPIUS RUFUS.
RUFUS, SULPICIUS. (SULPICIUS. ]
RUFUS, RUTI'LIUS. [RUTILIUS. ]
RUFUS, TA'RIUS, was appointed, in A. D.
RUFUS, SALVIDIENUS. [SALVIDIENUS. ] 23, to succeed Ateius Capito, in the important
RUFUS, SA'TRIUS, a Roman orator, and a office of " curator aquarum publicarum,” but was
contemporary of the younger Pliny. (Plin. Ep. i. himself succeeded, in the following year, by M.
5. $ 11, ix. 13. & 17. )
Cocceius Nerva, the grandfather of the emperor
RUFUS, SCRIBO'NIUS. [PROCULUS, SCRI- (Frontin, de Aquaed. 102). He is probably the
BONIUS, No. 2. )
same as the L. Tarius Rufus who was consul suf-
RUFUS, SEMPROʻNIUS. 1. C. SEMPRO- fectus in B. c. 16.
NIUS Rufus, a friend of Cicero, was accused by
RUFUS, TITIUS, was put to death in the
M. Tuccius in B. c. 51. Shortly before Caesar's reign of Caligula, for saying that the senate thought
death he had received some injury from Q. Corni- differently from what it said. (Dion Cass. lix. 18. )
ficius, in consequence of which Rufus proposed a RUFUS, TREBELLIE'NUS, who had pre-
senatusconsultum after Caesar's death, which con- viously been praetor, was appointed by Tiberius,
tained certain things to the prejudice of Cornificius. in A. d. 19, to govern Thrace on behalf of the
(Caelius, ad Fam. viii. 8 ; Cic. ad Att. vi. 2. $ 10, children of Cotys. He put an end to his own life
ad Fam. xii. 22, 25, 29. ) [Comp. Rufio. ]
in A. D. 35. (Tac. Ann. ii. 67, iii. 38, vi. 39. )
2. A friend of the younger Pliny, who addresses
RUFUS, ŸA'LGIUS. (VALGIUS. ]
one of his letters to him. (Ep. iv. 22. )
RUFUS, VERGI'NIUS, was consul for the
3. An eunuch, and a Spaniard by birth, had first time in A. D. 63, with C. Memmius Regulus,
been guilty of various crimes, but possessed un- and received afterwards the government of Ger-
bounded influence with the emperor Caracalla. many. He commanded in this country in the last
(Dion Cass. lxxvii. 17. )
year of Nero's reign (A. D. 68), when Julius Vin-
RUFUS, L. SE’RVIUS, a name which occurs dex, the propraetor of Gaul, revolted from Nero,
only on coins, a specimen of which is annexed. and offered the sovereignty to Galba, who was then
in Spain. The soldiers of Rufus wished their own
commander to assume the supreme power, but he
steadily refused it himself, and would not allow any
one else to obtain it, except the person upon whom
it might be conferred by the
senate. He accordingly
marched against Vindex, who was defeated by him
in a bloody battle, and put an end to his life. When
the news of this disaster reached Galba, he was so
alarmed that he was also on the point of destroying
COIN OF L. SERVIUS RUFUS.
himself. The soldiers of Rufus were now more
anxious than ever to raise him to the imperial dig-
RUFUS, SEXTI'LIUS. l. P. , succeeded to nity, and as he would not yield to their entreaties
the property of Q. Fadius Gallus in a dishonourable they proceeded to use threats, which he equally
manner. (Cic. de Fin. ii. 17. )
disregarded. Soon afterwards Nero perished, and
2. C. , was quaestor in Cyprus in B. C. 47, at Galba was recognised as emperor by the senate.
which time Cicero wrote a letter to him, which is The new emperor, afraid of the intentions of Rufus,
extant (ad Fam. xiii. 48).
In the wars which eagerly solicited him to accompany him to Rome;
followed the death of Caesar, Rufus joined the re- and Rufus, who had no wish for the sovereignty,
publican party and commanded the feet of C. complied with his request. Galba, however, still
Cassius (ad Fam. xii. 13. & 4).
jealous of his fame with the German troops, con-
RUFUS, SEXTUS. (Sextus Rufus. ] ferred no mark of favour upon him; and this neg-
RUFUS, P. SUI'LLIUS, had been formerly lect of their former general gave no small umbrage
the quaestor of Germanicus, and having been con- to the soldiers who had served under him. On
victed, in the reign of Tiberius, of receiving bribes the death of Galba, Otho, anxious to conciliate the
NAJAS
1836
insa
X X 3
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678
RULLUS.
RULLUS.
favour of the soldiers, raised Rufus to the con- | i. 1). This agrarian law, called as usual after the
bulship for the second time. Otho perished by name of its proposer the Servilia les, was the
his own hand soon afterwards, and the soldiers de- most extensive that had ever been brought for
termined that Rufus should now, at all events, ward. The execution of it was entrusted to ten
accept the empire. He remained, however, firm commissioners (decemviri), whose election was to
in his resolution ; and when the soldiers blockaded be conducted in the same manner as that of the
him in his house, he escaped from them by a back- pontifex maximus. Seventeen of the tribes were
door. But this continued opposition to their desires to be selected by lot, and nine of these were to
almost proved his ruin. Thinking themselves in- give their votes in favour of each candidate. The
sulted by him, they began to hate him as much as ten commissioners thus elected were to have ex-
they had formerly loved him; and accordingly when i traordinary powers. Their office was to last five
he was accused of taking part in a conspiracy against years, and the imperium was to be conferred upon
Vitellius, they flocked to the emperor, and eagerly them by a lex curiata. They were authorised to
demanded the death of their former favourite. But sell all the lands out of Italy, which had become
Rufus escaped this peril, and lived for many years part of the public domain since the consulship of
afterwards, honoured and beloved by all classes in Sulla and Q. Pompeius (B. C. 88), with the excep-
the city. At length, in A. d. 97, when he was tion of those which had been guaranteed by treaty
eighty-three years of age, the emperor Nerva made to the Roman allies; and likewise all the public
him consul for the third time, along with himself. domains in Italy, with the exception of the Cam-
During his consulship he broke his leg, and this panian and Stellatian districts, and of the lands
accident occasioned his death. He was honoured which had been assigned by the state, or had had
with a public funeral, and the panegyric over him a possessor since the consulship of Carbo and the
was pronounced by Cornelius Tacitus, who was then younger Marius (B. C. 82). The object of the
consul. His praises were also celebrated by the latter enactment was to avert any opposition that
younger Pliny, of whom he had formerly been the might be made by the numerous persons who had
tutor or guardian, and who has preserved the epi- received grants of public lands from Sulla Fur-
taph which Rufus composed for his own tomb: ther, all the proconsuls and other magistrates in
“ Hic situs est Rufus pulso qui Vindice quondam
the provinces, who had not yet paid into the trea-
Imperium adseruit non sibi sed patriae. "
sury the monies which they had obtained from the
booty of the enemy or in any other way, were
(Dion Cass. lxiii. 24, 25, 27, lxiv. 4, lxviii. 2 ; commanded to give the whole of such monies to
Plut. Galb. 4, 6, 10 ; Tac. Hist. i. 8, 9, 77, ii. 49, the decemvirs ; but an exception was made in fa-
51, 68 ; Plin. Ep. ii
. ), v. 3. & 5, vi. 10, ix. 19. ) vour of Pompey, whom it was thought prudent
The praenomen of Virginius Rufus is doubtful, as to exempt from the operation of the law. All the
we find in inscriptions, in which his different con- sums thus received by the decemvirs, both from
bulships are recorded, both Lucius and Titus, But the sale of the public lands and from the Roman
since he is expressly stated to have been three generals, were to be devoted by them to the pur-
times consul (Plin. Ep. ii. 1), it is more likely chase of lands in Italy, which were then to be
that there is an error in one of the inscriptions than assigned to the poor Roman citizens as their pro-
that they refer to different persons. Some modern perty. They were to settle a colony of 5000 citi.
writers, indeed, assign a fourth consulship to him, zens on the rich public lands in the Campanian
but this opinion is untenable. (See Tillemont, and Stellatian districts, each of the colonists re-
Histoire des Empereurs, vol. ii. p. 208, ed. Brux- ceiving ten jugera in the former and twelve in the
elles. )
latter district. These were the chief objects of the
RUFUS, VI'BIUS, lived in the reign of Servilia Lex, but it contained besides many other
Tiberius, and prided himself on two things ; namely, provisions relating to the public land. Thus for
that he possessed the curule chair which the dic- instance the decemvirs were authorised to decide
tator Caesar was accustomed to use, and that he in all cases, whether the land belonged to the pub-
had married the widow of Cicero. But his boasting | lic domains or to a private person, and also to im-
gave no offence, and he was raised by Tiberius to pose taxes on all the public lands which still re-
the consulship. His name, however, does not mained in the hands of the possessors.
appear in the Fasti (Dion Cass. lvii. 15). The It is impossible to believe that Rullus would
widow of Cicero has been usually supposed to be have ventured to bring forward this law without
Terentia, but Drumann has remarked, with justice, the sanction and approval of Caesar, who was then
that it was far more likely Publilia, the second the leader of the popular party; but it is equally
wife of Cicero (Geschichte Roms, vol. vi. p. 696). impossible to believe that Caesar could have de
Vibius Rufus frequently appears as one of the sired or thought that it was practicable to carry
declaimers in the Controversiae of the elder Seneca. such an unconstitutional and extravagant measure.
(Contr. 2, 4, 5, 7-9, et alibi. )
It is not, however, difficult to divine the probable
RUGA, ICI'LIUS. [Icilius, No. 2. ] motives which actuated him in rendering it his
RUGA, RU'BRIUS. [RUBRIUS, No 8. ] support. Any opposition, however just, to an
RULLIANUS, or RULLUS, a surname of agrarian law, was always unpopular among the
Q. Fabius Maximus. [MAXIMUS, Fabius, No. 1. ] lower classes at Rome. The aristocratical party,
RULLUS, P. SERVI'LIUS, tribune of the by resisting and defeating the proposition of Rule
plebs, B. c. 63, proposed an agrarian law, which lus, would be looked upon by the people with
Cicero attacked in three orations which have come greater dislike than ever; and their disappointment
down to us. We know scarcely any thing of the in not obtaining the grants they had anticipated
family or the life of Rullus. Pliny relates that would render still more welcome an agrarian law
his father was the first Roman who brought a boar proposed by Caesar himself. Besides this consi-
whole upon the table (H. N. viii. 51. s. 78), and deration, Caesar was probably anxious to unmask
Cicero describes the son as a debauchee (c. Rull. Cicero, who had risen to the consulship by the
## p. 679 (#695) ############################################
-11
RUPILIA GENS.
RUSIUS.
679
favour of the people, but who now exhibited un- | ingly Glandorp, in his Onomasticon, does not admit
equivocal signs of having deserted his former the Rupilii at all, but inserts all the persons of tho
friends and united himself to the aristocracy. The name under Rutilius.
latter would expect their new champion, as consul, RUPI'LIUS. 1. P. RUPILIUS, P. F. P. N. , was
to show the sincerity of his conversion by opposing consul B. c. 132 with C. Popillius Luenas, the year
the popular measure with all the powers of his after the murder of Tib. Gracchus. In conjunction
oratory; and thus he would of necessity lose much with his colleague, he prosecuted with the utmost
of the influence which he still possessed with the cruelty all the adherents and friends of the fallen
people.
tribune. In the same year he was sent into Sicily
Rullus entered upon his office with the other against the slaves, and brought the servile war to
tribunes on the 10th of December, B. C. 64, and a conclusion, for which he obtained a triumph on
immediately brought forward his agrarian law, in his return to Rome. lle remained in the island as
order that the people might vote upon it in the fol- proconsul in the following year, B. c. 131 ; and,
lowing January. Cicero, who entered upon his con- with ten commissioners appointed by the senate,
sulship on the 1st of January, B. C. 63, lost no time in he made various regulations for the government of
showing his zeal for his new party, and accordingly the province, which were known by the name of
on the first day of the year opposed the law in the Lex Rupilia, though it was not a lex proper.
senate in the first of the orations which have come (Vell. Pat. ii. 7 ; Cic. Lacl. 11; Liv. Epit. 59 ;
down to us.
But as his eloquence did not deter Oros. v. 9 ; Val. Max. ii. 7. & 3, vi. 9. § 8, ix. 12.
Rullus from persevering in his design, Cicero ad- $1; Cic. Verr. iii. 54, iv. 50, ad Ati, xiii. 32,
dressed the people a few days afterwards in the Verr. ii. 13, 15, 16. ) Rupilius was condemned,
second of the speeches which are extant. Rullus along with his colleague in the tribunate of C.
did not venture upon a public reply, but he spread Gracchus, B. c. 123, on account of his illegal and
the report that Cicero only opposed the law in cruel acts in the prosecution of the friends of Tib.
order to gratify those who had received grants of Gracchus (Vell. Pat. I. c. ). He was an intimate
land from Sulla. To justify himself from this as- friend of Scipio Africanus the younger, who ob-
persion, Cicero again called the people together, tained the consulship for him, but who failed in
and delivered the third oration which we have, in gaining the same honour for his brother Lucius.
which he retorts the charge upon Rullus, and shows He is said to have taken his brother's failure so
that his law, far from depriving the Sullan colo- much to heart as to have died in consequence ;
nists of their lands, expressly confirmed them in but as it probably happened about the same time
their possessions. Meantime the aristocracy had as his own condemnation, the latter indignity may
gained the tribune L. Caecilius Rufus to put his veto have had more share in causing his death. (Cic.
upon the rogation, if it should be put to the vote ; Lael. 19, 20, 27, Tusc. iv, 17. )
but there was no occasion for this last resort ; for 2. L. RUPILIUS, the brother of the preceding,
Rullus, probably on the advice of Caesar, thought already spoken of.
it more prudent to withdraw the measure alto- 3. RUPILIUS, an actor whom Cicero had seen
gether. (Drumann, Geschichte Roms, vol. üi. pp. in his boyhood (de Off: i. 31).
147-159. )
4. A. RuPilius, a physician employed by Oppi-
From this time the name of Rullus does not anicus (Cic. pro Cluent. 63).
occur again till B. C. 41, in which year we read of 5.
