He was victor in the
pancratium
in league of sympolity, ostensibly to defend the place,
three successive Olympiads, the 87th, 88th, and but in reality to watch affairs in the Peloponnesus
89th, B.
three successive Olympiads, the 87th, 88th, and but in reality to watch affairs in the Peloponnesus
89th, B.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
41+), vigor- pedibus, et tonis ; 2.
Elitio Secunda, de octo partibus
ously enforced by the civil magistrates, seem to orationis ; to which are commonly annexed, De
have crushed them for a time; but they revived barbarismo; De soloccismo; De ceteris vitiis ; De
upon the invasion of Genseric, to whom, from metaplusmo; De schematibus; De tropis; but in the
their disaffection to a hostile government, they lent recent edition of Lindemann these are all more
a willing support; they were of sufficient import-correctly considered as constituting one connected
ance, at a later date, to attract the attention, and whole, and are combined under one general title,
call forth the angry denunciations of Pope Gre- taken from the Santenian MS. preserved in the
gory the Great, and are believed to have kept Royal Library of Berlin, Donati Ars Grammatica
their ground, and existed as an independent com- tribus libris comprehensa. It was the common school-
munity, until the final triumph of the Saracens book of the middle ages; insomuch, that in the
and Mohommedanism. We ought to observe, that English of Longlande and Chaucer a donat or donet
even the most violent enemies of the Donatists is equivalent to a lesson of any kind, and hence
were unable to convict them of any serious errors came to mean an introduction in general. Thus
in doctrine or discipline. Agreeing with their among the works of Bishop Pecock are enumerated
opponents upon all general principles and points The Donat into Christian religion, and The folower
of faith, they commenced simply by refusing to to the Donat, while Cotgrave quotes an old French
acknowledge the authority of Caecilianus, and proverb, Les diables estoient encores a leur Donat,
were gradually led on to maintain, that salvation i. e. The devils were but yet in their grammar.
was restricted to their own narrow pale, because These, and other examples, are collected in War-
they alone had escaped the profanation of receiving ton's History of English Poetry, sect. viii.
the sacraments from the hands of traditors, or of In addition to the Ars Grammatica, we possess
those who, having connived at such apostacy, had | introductions (enarrationes) and scholia, by Donatus,
forfeited all claims to the character of Christians. to five out of the six plays of Terence, those to the
Asserting that they alone constituted the true Heautontimorumenos having been lost. The pre-
universal church, they excommunicated not only faces contain a succinct account of the source from
those with whom they were directly at variance, which each piece was derived, and of the class to
but all who maintained any spiritual connexion which it belongs; a statement of the time at which
with their adversaries; and adopting to the full it was exhibited; notices respecting the distribution
extent the high pretensions of Cyprian with re- of the characters; and sundry particulars connected
gard to ecclesiastical unity and episcopal power, with stage technicalities. The commentaries are
insisted upon rebaptizing every one who became a full of interesting and valuable remarks and illus-
proselyte to their cause, upon subjecting to purifi-trations; but from the numerous repetitions and
cation all places of public worship which had been contradictions, and, above all, the absurd and
contaminated by the presence of their opponents, puerile traits here and there foisted in, it is mani-
and upon casting forth the very corpses and bones fest that they have been unmercifully interpolated
of the Catholics from their cemeteries. This un- and corrupted by later and less skilful hands.
charitable spirit met with a fitting retribution ; Some critics, indeed, have gone so far as to believe
for, at the epoch when their influence was most that Donatus never committed his observations to
widely extended, dissensions arose within their writing, and that these scholia are merely scraps,
own body ; and about one-fourth of the whole compiled from the notes of pupils, of dictata or lec-
party, separating from the sect under the denomi- tures delivered viva voce; but this idea does not
nation of Maximianists, arrogated to themselves, well accord with the words of St. Jerome in the
exclusively, the prerogatives claimed by the larger first of the passages to which a reference is given
faction, and hurled perdition against all who de- at the end of this article.
nied or doubted their infallibility.
Servius, in his annotations upon Virgil, refers, in
Our chief authorities for all that concerns the upwards of forty different places, to a Donatus,
Donatists are the works of Optatus Milevitanus who must have composed a commentary upon the
and Augustin. In the edition of the former, pub- Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid. “ Scholia in
lished by the learned and industrious Du Pin, will | Aeneida" bearing the name of Donatus, and cor-
be found a valuable appendix of ancient documents responding, for the most part, with the quotations
relating to this controversy, together with a con- of Servius, are still extant, but, from their inferior
densed view of its rise and progress, while the tone and character, have been generally ascribed to
most important passages in the writings of Augus- Tiberius Claudius Donatus, who is noticed be-
tin have been collected by Tillemont, in that por low. They are divided into twelve books, to which
tion of his Ecclesiastical Memoirs (vol. vi. ) devoted a supplemental thirteenth was to have been added;
to this subject. For the series of Imperial Laws the concluding portions of the fourth and eighth,
against the Donatists from A. D. 400 to 428, see and the commencement of the sixth and twelfth,
Cod. Theod. xvi. tit. 5.
(W. R. ] are wanting. Their chief object is to point out the
DONA'TUS A E’LIUS, or, with all his titles as beauties and skill of the poet, rather than to explaiu
they are found in MSS. , Aelius Donatus Vir Clarus | his difficulties ; but the writer, in a letter sub-
i
## p. 1066 (#1086) ##########################################
1066
DONATUS.
DORIEUS.
the poem.
joined to the twelfth book, announces his intention, and combining these various and often heteroge-
should a life already far advanced be prolonged, of neous materials.
(W. R. ]
compiling, from ancient authorities, a description of DONTAS (Abutas), a Lacedaemonian statuary,
the persons, places, herbs, and trees, enumerated in was the disciple of Dipoenus and Scyllis, and there-
fore flourished about B. c. 550. He made the
The popularity of the “ Ars Grammaticn," espe- statues which were afterwards placed in the trea-
cially of the second part, “ De octo partibus Ora- sury of the Megarians at Olympia. They were of
tionis,” is sufficiently evinced by the prodigious cedar inlaid with gold, and formed a group repre-
number of editions which appeared during the in- senting the contest of Heracles with the river
fancy of printing, most of them in gothic characters, Achelous, and containing figures of Zeus, Dežaneira,
without date, or name of place, or of printer, and the Acheloiis, and Heracles, with Ares assisting Ache-
typographical history of no work, with the exception loüs, and Athena supporting Heracles. The latter
of the Scriptures, has excited more interest among statue seems, however, not to have been part of
bibliographers, or given them more trouble. Even the original group, but a separate work by Vedon.
before the invention of printing from morable (Comp. Paus. v. 17. 1. ) The group in the pedi-
types, several editions seem to have been thrown ment of the Megarian treasury, representing the
off from blocks, and fragments of these have been war of the gods and the giants, seems also to have
preserved in various collections. The three parts been the work of Dontas; but the passage in Pau-
will be found in the collection of Putschius (Gram- sanias is not quite clear. (Paus. vi. 19. $ 9; Böckh,
maticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui, Hanov. 410. Corp. Inscrip. i. p. 47, &c. )
[P. S. )
1605), together with the commentary of Sergius on DORCEUS (Aopkeús), a son of Hippocoon,
the prima and secunda editio ; and that of Servius Ma- who had a heroum at Sparta conjointly with his
rius Honoratus, on the secunda editio only (see pp. brother Sebrus. The well near the sanctuary was
1735, 1743, 1767, 1779, 1826); and also in Lin- called Dorceia, and the place around it Sebrion.
demann's “ Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum (Paus. iii. 15. § 2. ) It is probable that Dorceus
Veterum,” vol. i. Lips. 1831.
is the same personage as the Dorycleus in Apollo-
Of the commentary on Terence, at least four dorus (iii. 10. § 5), where his brother is called
editions, separate from the text, appeared during Tebrus.
(L. S. )
the fifteenth century. That which is believed to DORIEUS (Awpieús), eldest son of Anaxan-
be the first is a folio, in Roman characters, without drides, king of Sparta, by his first wife (Anaxan.
place, date, or printer's name, but was probably DRIDES), was however born after the son of the
published at Cologne, about 1470—1472 ; the second marriage, Cleomenes, and therefore ex.
second at Venice, by Spira, fol. 1472 ; the third at cluded from immediate succession. He was ac-
Rome, by Sweynheym and Pannartz, fol. 1472; the counted the first in personal qualities of Sparta's
fourth at Milan, by Zarotus, fol. 1476. It will be young men, and feeling it an indignity to remain
found attached to all complete editions of the under the rule of one so inferior to him in worth,
dramatist.
and so narrowly before him in claim to the throne,
The commentaries upon the Aeneid were first he left his country hastily, and without consulting
discovered by Jo. Jovianus Pontanus, were first the oracle of Delphi, to establish for himself a king-
published from the copy in his library, by Scipio dom elsewhere. · He led his colony first, under the
Capycius, Neap. fol. 15. 35, and were inserted by guidance of some Theraeans, to Libya: the spot
G. Fabricius in the “ Corpus Interpretum Virgi- he here chose, Cinyps by name, was excellent; but
lianorum. ” The text is very corrupt and imperfect, he was driven out ere long by the Libyans and Car.
but it would appear that MSS. still exist which thaginians, and led the survivors home. He now,
present it in a more pure and complete form, under the sanction of the oracle, set forth to found
although these have never been collated, or at least a Heracleia in the district pronounced to be the
given to the world. (See Burmann, in the pref. to property of Hercules, and to have been reserved
his ed. of Virgil. ) (Hieron. advers. Ruf. vol. iii. p. by him for any descendant who might come to
92, ed. Bas. , in Euseb. Chron. ad ann. ccclv p. c. ; claim it, Eryx, in Sicily. In his passage thither-
in Eccles. c. i. ; see also Lud. Schopfen, De Terentio ward, along the Italian coast, he found the people
et Donato, 8vo, Bonn. 1824, and Specimen emend. of Croton preparing (B. c. 510) for their conflict
in Ael. Donati comment. Terent. 4to, Bonn. 1826. with Sybaris, and induced, it would seem, by the
Osann, Beiträge zur Griechischen und Römischen connexion between Croton and Sparta (Müller,
Litteraturgeschichte, Leip. 1839. ) (W. R. ) Dor. bk. x. 7. § 12), he joined in the expedition,
DO'NATUS, TIBERIUS CLAU'DIUS. We and received, after the fall of the city, a plot of
find prefixed to all the more complete editions of land, on which he built a temple to Athena, of the
Virgil a life of the poet, in twenty-five chapters, Crathis. Such was the story given to Herodotus
bearing the title, “ Tiberii Claudii Donati ad Tiberium by the remnants of the Sybarites, who were his
Claudianum Maximum Donatianum filium de P. fellow-citizens at Thurii, denied however by the
Virgilii Maronis Vita. ” Nothing whatsoever is Crotoniats, on the evidence, that while Callias, the
known with regard to this Donatus ; but it has been Elean prophet, had received from them various re-
conjectured that some grammarian, who fourished wards, still enjoyed there by his posterity, in re-
about the commencement of the fifth century, may turn of his service in the war, nothing of the sort
have drawn up a biography which formed the recalled the name of Dorieus. This, however, if
groundwork of the piece we now possess, but which, Dorieus was bent on his Sicilian colony, quite
in its actual shape, exhibits a worthless farrago of intelligible. He certainly pursued his course to
childish anecdotes and frivolous fables, compounded Eryx, and there seems to have founded his Hera-
by ignorant and unskilful hands. Indeed, scarcely cleia; but ere long, he and all his brother Spartans
two MSS. can be found in which it does not wear with him, a single man excepted [EURYLEON),
a different aspect, and the earlier editors seem to were cut off in a battle with the Egestaeans, and,
bave moulded it into its present form, by collecting as it seems, the Carthaginians. He left however
## p. 1067 (#1087) ##########################################
DORIEUS.
1007
DORIMACHUS.
behind him a son, Euryanax, who accompanied his DORILLUS (abpillos) or DORIALLUS
cousin Pausanins in the campaign (x. C. 479) (Aopiarlos), an Athenian tragic poet, who was
Against Mardonins. Why this son did not succeed ridiculed by Aristophanes. Nothing more is
rather than Leonidas, on the death of Cleomenes, known of him. (Suid. , Hesych. , and Etym. Mag.
is not clear; Müller suggests, comparing Plut. s. v. Aopiarlos; Aristoph. Lenn. Fr. 336, Dindorf,
Agis, c. 11, that a Heracleid, leaving his country Schol. in Aristoph. Ran. v. 519; Fabric. Bill.
to settle elsewhere lost his rights at home. (Herod. Graec. ii. p. 297. )
[P. S. )
v. 41-66; ix. 10, 53, 55; Diod. iv. 23; Paus. DORI'MACHUS (Aopiuaxos), less properly
iii. 16. 4, and 3. $ 8. )
[A. H. C. ) DORY'MACHUS (Aopúuaxos), a native of
DORIEUS (Awpievs), the son of Dingoras Trichonium, in Aetolia, and son of Nicostratus,
[DIAGORAS), one of the noblest of the noble was sent out, in B. c. 221, to Phigalea, on the
Heracleid family, the Eratids of Ialysus, in Messenian border, with which the Aetolians had a
Rhodes.
He was victor in the pancratium in league of sympolity, ostensibly to defend the place,
three successive Olympiads, the 87th, 88th, and but in reality to watch affairs in the Peloponnesus
89th, B. C. 432, 428 and 424, the second of which with a view of fomenting a war, for which his
is mentioned by Thucydides (iii. 8); at the restless countrymen were anxious. A number of
Nemean games he won seven, at the Isthmian freebooters flocked together to him, and he con-
eight victories. He and his kinsman, Peisidorus, nived at their plundering the territory of the Mes-
were styled in the announcement as Thurians, 50 senians, with whom Aetolia was in alliance. All
that, apparently, before 424 at latest, they had left complaints he received at first with neglect, and
their country. (Paus. vi. 7. ) The whole family afterwards (when he had gone to Messene, on
were outlawed as heads of the aristocracy by the pretence of investigating the matter) with insult.
Athenians (Xen. Hell. i. 5. $ 19), and took refuge The Messenians, however, and especially Sciron,
in Thurii ; and from Thurii, after the Athenian one of their ephori, behaved with such spirit that
disaster at Syracuse had re-established there the Dorimachus was compelled to yield, and to promise
Peloponnesian interest, Dorieus led thirty galleys satisfaction for the injuries done ; but he had been
to the aid of the Spartan cause in Greece. He treated with indignity, which he did not forget,
arrived with them at Cnidus in the winter of 412. and he resolved to bring about a war with Messe-
(Thuc. viii. 35. ) He was, no doubt, active in the nia. This he was enabled to do through his kins-
revolution which, in the course of the same winter, man Scopas, who administered the Aetolian
was effected at Rhodes (Thuc. viii. 44); its revolt government at the time, and who, without waiting
from the Athenians was of course accompanied by for any decree of the Assembly, or for the sanction
the restoration of the family of Diagoras. (B. C. 411. ) of the select council ('AFÓKANTO! ; see Polyb. xx.
We find him early in the summer at Miletus, join-1; Liv. xxxv. 34), commenced hostilities, not
ing in the expostulations of his men to Astyochus, against Messenia only, but also against the Epei-
who, in the Spartan fashion, raised his staff as if rots, Achaeans, Acarnanians, and Macedonians.
to strike him, and by this act so violently excited In the next year, B. c. 220, Dorimachus invaded
the Thurian sailors that he was saved from vio- the Peloponnesus with Scopas, and defeated Ara-
lence only by flying to an altar. (Thuc. viii. 84. ) tus, at Caphyae. (See p. 255, a. ) He took part
And shortly after, when the new commander, also in the operations in which the Aetolians were
Mindarus, sailed for the Hellespont, he was sent joined by Scerdiläidas, the Illyrian,--the capture
with thirteen ships to crush a democratical move and burning of Cynaetha, in Arcadia, and the
ment in Rhodes. (Diod. xiii. 38. ) Some little baffled attempt on Cleitor,--and he was one of the
time after the battle of Cynossema he entered the leaders of the unsuccessful expedition against
Hellespont with his squadron, now fourteen in Aegeira in B. c. 219. In the autumn of the same
number, to join the main body; and being de- year, being chosen general of the Aetolians, he
scried and attacked by the Athenians with twenty, ravaged Epeirus, and destroyed the temple at
was forced to run his vessels ashore, near Rhoe- Dodona. In B. c. 218 he invaded Thessaly, in
teum. Here he vigorously maintained himself the hope of drawing Philip away from the siege of
until Mindarus came to his succour, and, by the Palus, in Cephallenia, which he was indeed obliged
advance of the rest of the Athenian fleet, the to relinquish, in consequence of the treachery of
action became general: it was decided by the Leontius, but he took advantage of the absence of
sudden arrival of Alcibiades with reinforcements. Dorimachus to make an incursion into Aetolia,
(Xen. Hell. i. 1. $ 2; Diod. xiii. 45. ) Four years adrancing to Thermum, the capital city, and plun-
after, at the close of B. C. 407, he was captured, dering it. Dorimachus is mentioned by Liry as
with two Thurian galleys, by the Athenians, and one of the chiefs through whom M. Valerius Lae-
sent, no doubt, to Athens: but the people, in vinus, in B. c. 211, concluded a treaty of alliance
admiration of his athletic size and noble beauty, with Aetolia against Philip, from whom he vainly
dismissed their ancient enemy, though already attempted, in B. c. 210, to save the town of Echi-
under sentence of death, without so much as ex- nus, in Thessaly. In B. C. 204 he and Scopas were
acting a ransom. (Xen. Hell
. i. 5. § 19. ) Pausa- appointed by the Aetolians to draw up new laws
nias, (l. c. ,) on the authority of Androtion, further to meet the general distress, occasioned by heavy
relates, that at the time when Rhodes joined the debts, with which the two commissioners them-
Athenian league formed by Conon, Dorieus chanced selves were severely burdened. In B. C. 196
to be somewhere in the reach of the Spartans, and Dorimachus was sent to Egypt to negotiate terms
was by them seized and put to death. [A. H. C. ] of peace with Ptolemy V. (Epiphanes), his mission
DORIEUS (Awprets), the author of an epigram probably having reference to the conditions of
upon Milo, which is preserved by Athenaeus (x. amity between Ptolemy and Antiochus the Great,
p. 412, f. ) and in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, to whom the Aetolians were now looking for sup-
Anal. ii. 63; Jacobs, ii. 62. ) Nothing more is port against Rome. (Polyb. iv. 3–13, 16-19, 57,58,
known of him.
[P. S. ] 67, 77; v. i. 3, 4-9. 11, 17; ix. 42 ; xiii. 1; xviii.
## p. 1068 (#1088) ##########################################
1068
DOROTHEUS.
DOROTHEUS.
37; xx. 1; Fragm. Hist. 68; Liv. xxvi. 24; Brand- referred to hy Athenaeus, who quotes the 108th
stäter, Gesch. des Aetol. Landes, p. 342, &c. ) [E. E. ) book of a work of his, entitled netewv ovvaywyn.
DO'RION (Awplwr). 1. A critic and gramma- (Athen. vii. p. 329, ix. p. 410, xi. p. 481, xiv. p.
rian in the time of Hadrian. He lived at Sardis, 658; comp. Schol. ad Ilom. 1. ix. 90, x. 252;
and was a friend of Dionysius of Miletus, the rhe- Eustath. ad Hom. II. xxiii. 230, p. 1297. ) This
torician. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 22. $ 4. )
work may be the same as the one tepl Tŵv tévws
2. A rhetorician referred to by the elder Seneca. eipnuévwv néFEWV kata otoixelov (Phot. Bibl. Cod.
(Suas. 2, Controv. i. 8, iv. 24. )
156), which seems to have been only a chapter or
3. A native probably of Egypt, is recorded by section of the great work. Another work of his
Athenaeus, from whom alone our knowledge of bore the title tepl’Avtipávous Kal Tepi tñs hapa
him is derived, as a musician, a wit, a bon vivant, vewTépous Kwulkos uattúns. (Athen. xiv. p. 662. )
and the author of a treatise on his favourite deli- 3. Of Athens, is mentioned among the authors
cacy-fish. His profession and his propensity are consulted by Pliny. (H. N. Elench. lib. xii. and xiii. )
together marked by the name λοπαδοφυσητής, ap- 4. A CHALDAEAN, is mentioned as the author
plied to him by the comic poet Mnesimachus, in of a work nepl didwv by Plutarch (de Fium. 23),
his play of “ Philip. ” (p. Athen, viii. p. 338, b. ; who quotes the second book of it. He may be
Meineke, Fragm. Com. vol. iii. p. 578. ) He is the same as the Dorotheus referred to by Pliny
mentioned too in a fragment of Machon, also pre- (H. N. xxii. 22), though the latter may also be
served by Athenaeus (viii. p. 337, c. ; Casaub.
ously enforced by the civil magistrates, seem to orationis ; to which are commonly annexed, De
have crushed them for a time; but they revived barbarismo; De soloccismo; De ceteris vitiis ; De
upon the invasion of Genseric, to whom, from metaplusmo; De schematibus; De tropis; but in the
their disaffection to a hostile government, they lent recent edition of Lindemann these are all more
a willing support; they were of sufficient import-correctly considered as constituting one connected
ance, at a later date, to attract the attention, and whole, and are combined under one general title,
call forth the angry denunciations of Pope Gre- taken from the Santenian MS. preserved in the
gory the Great, and are believed to have kept Royal Library of Berlin, Donati Ars Grammatica
their ground, and existed as an independent com- tribus libris comprehensa. It was the common school-
munity, until the final triumph of the Saracens book of the middle ages; insomuch, that in the
and Mohommedanism. We ought to observe, that English of Longlande and Chaucer a donat or donet
even the most violent enemies of the Donatists is equivalent to a lesson of any kind, and hence
were unable to convict them of any serious errors came to mean an introduction in general. Thus
in doctrine or discipline. Agreeing with their among the works of Bishop Pecock are enumerated
opponents upon all general principles and points The Donat into Christian religion, and The folower
of faith, they commenced simply by refusing to to the Donat, while Cotgrave quotes an old French
acknowledge the authority of Caecilianus, and proverb, Les diables estoient encores a leur Donat,
were gradually led on to maintain, that salvation i. e. The devils were but yet in their grammar.
was restricted to their own narrow pale, because These, and other examples, are collected in War-
they alone had escaped the profanation of receiving ton's History of English Poetry, sect. viii.
the sacraments from the hands of traditors, or of In addition to the Ars Grammatica, we possess
those who, having connived at such apostacy, had | introductions (enarrationes) and scholia, by Donatus,
forfeited all claims to the character of Christians. to five out of the six plays of Terence, those to the
Asserting that they alone constituted the true Heautontimorumenos having been lost. The pre-
universal church, they excommunicated not only faces contain a succinct account of the source from
those with whom they were directly at variance, which each piece was derived, and of the class to
but all who maintained any spiritual connexion which it belongs; a statement of the time at which
with their adversaries; and adopting to the full it was exhibited; notices respecting the distribution
extent the high pretensions of Cyprian with re- of the characters; and sundry particulars connected
gard to ecclesiastical unity and episcopal power, with stage technicalities. The commentaries are
insisted upon rebaptizing every one who became a full of interesting and valuable remarks and illus-
proselyte to their cause, upon subjecting to purifi-trations; but from the numerous repetitions and
cation all places of public worship which had been contradictions, and, above all, the absurd and
contaminated by the presence of their opponents, puerile traits here and there foisted in, it is mani-
and upon casting forth the very corpses and bones fest that they have been unmercifully interpolated
of the Catholics from their cemeteries. This un- and corrupted by later and less skilful hands.
charitable spirit met with a fitting retribution ; Some critics, indeed, have gone so far as to believe
for, at the epoch when their influence was most that Donatus never committed his observations to
widely extended, dissensions arose within their writing, and that these scholia are merely scraps,
own body ; and about one-fourth of the whole compiled from the notes of pupils, of dictata or lec-
party, separating from the sect under the denomi- tures delivered viva voce; but this idea does not
nation of Maximianists, arrogated to themselves, well accord with the words of St. Jerome in the
exclusively, the prerogatives claimed by the larger first of the passages to which a reference is given
faction, and hurled perdition against all who de- at the end of this article.
nied or doubted their infallibility.
Servius, in his annotations upon Virgil, refers, in
Our chief authorities for all that concerns the upwards of forty different places, to a Donatus,
Donatists are the works of Optatus Milevitanus who must have composed a commentary upon the
and Augustin. In the edition of the former, pub- Eclogues, Georgics, and Aeneid. “ Scholia in
lished by the learned and industrious Du Pin, will | Aeneida" bearing the name of Donatus, and cor-
be found a valuable appendix of ancient documents responding, for the most part, with the quotations
relating to this controversy, together with a con- of Servius, are still extant, but, from their inferior
densed view of its rise and progress, while the tone and character, have been generally ascribed to
most important passages in the writings of Augus- Tiberius Claudius Donatus, who is noticed be-
tin have been collected by Tillemont, in that por low. They are divided into twelve books, to which
tion of his Ecclesiastical Memoirs (vol. vi. ) devoted a supplemental thirteenth was to have been added;
to this subject. For the series of Imperial Laws the concluding portions of the fourth and eighth,
against the Donatists from A. D. 400 to 428, see and the commencement of the sixth and twelfth,
Cod. Theod. xvi. tit. 5.
(W. R. ] are wanting. Their chief object is to point out the
DONA'TUS A E’LIUS, or, with all his titles as beauties and skill of the poet, rather than to explaiu
they are found in MSS. , Aelius Donatus Vir Clarus | his difficulties ; but the writer, in a letter sub-
i
## p. 1066 (#1086) ##########################################
1066
DONATUS.
DORIEUS.
the poem.
joined to the twelfth book, announces his intention, and combining these various and often heteroge-
should a life already far advanced be prolonged, of neous materials.
(W. R. ]
compiling, from ancient authorities, a description of DONTAS (Abutas), a Lacedaemonian statuary,
the persons, places, herbs, and trees, enumerated in was the disciple of Dipoenus and Scyllis, and there-
fore flourished about B. c. 550. He made the
The popularity of the “ Ars Grammaticn," espe- statues which were afterwards placed in the trea-
cially of the second part, “ De octo partibus Ora- sury of the Megarians at Olympia. They were of
tionis,” is sufficiently evinced by the prodigious cedar inlaid with gold, and formed a group repre-
number of editions which appeared during the in- senting the contest of Heracles with the river
fancy of printing, most of them in gothic characters, Achelous, and containing figures of Zeus, Dežaneira,
without date, or name of place, or of printer, and the Acheloiis, and Heracles, with Ares assisting Ache-
typographical history of no work, with the exception loüs, and Athena supporting Heracles. The latter
of the Scriptures, has excited more interest among statue seems, however, not to have been part of
bibliographers, or given them more trouble. Even the original group, but a separate work by Vedon.
before the invention of printing from morable (Comp. Paus. v. 17. 1. ) The group in the pedi-
types, several editions seem to have been thrown ment of the Megarian treasury, representing the
off from blocks, and fragments of these have been war of the gods and the giants, seems also to have
preserved in various collections. The three parts been the work of Dontas; but the passage in Pau-
will be found in the collection of Putschius (Gram- sanias is not quite clear. (Paus. vi. 19. $ 9; Böckh,
maticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui, Hanov. 410. Corp. Inscrip. i. p. 47, &c. )
[P. S. )
1605), together with the commentary of Sergius on DORCEUS (Aopkeús), a son of Hippocoon,
the prima and secunda editio ; and that of Servius Ma- who had a heroum at Sparta conjointly with his
rius Honoratus, on the secunda editio only (see pp. brother Sebrus. The well near the sanctuary was
1735, 1743, 1767, 1779, 1826); and also in Lin- called Dorceia, and the place around it Sebrion.
demann's “ Corpus Grammaticorum Latinorum (Paus. iii. 15. § 2. ) It is probable that Dorceus
Veterum,” vol. i. Lips. 1831.
is the same personage as the Dorycleus in Apollo-
Of the commentary on Terence, at least four dorus (iii. 10. § 5), where his brother is called
editions, separate from the text, appeared during Tebrus.
(L. S. )
the fifteenth century. That which is believed to DORIEUS (Awpieús), eldest son of Anaxan-
be the first is a folio, in Roman characters, without drides, king of Sparta, by his first wife (Anaxan.
place, date, or printer's name, but was probably DRIDES), was however born after the son of the
published at Cologne, about 1470—1472 ; the second marriage, Cleomenes, and therefore ex.
second at Venice, by Spira, fol. 1472 ; the third at cluded from immediate succession. He was ac-
Rome, by Sweynheym and Pannartz, fol. 1472; the counted the first in personal qualities of Sparta's
fourth at Milan, by Zarotus, fol. 1476. It will be young men, and feeling it an indignity to remain
found attached to all complete editions of the under the rule of one so inferior to him in worth,
dramatist.
and so narrowly before him in claim to the throne,
The commentaries upon the Aeneid were first he left his country hastily, and without consulting
discovered by Jo. Jovianus Pontanus, were first the oracle of Delphi, to establish for himself a king-
published from the copy in his library, by Scipio dom elsewhere. · He led his colony first, under the
Capycius, Neap. fol. 15. 35, and were inserted by guidance of some Theraeans, to Libya: the spot
G. Fabricius in the “ Corpus Interpretum Virgi- he here chose, Cinyps by name, was excellent; but
lianorum. ” The text is very corrupt and imperfect, he was driven out ere long by the Libyans and Car.
but it would appear that MSS. still exist which thaginians, and led the survivors home. He now,
present it in a more pure and complete form, under the sanction of the oracle, set forth to found
although these have never been collated, or at least a Heracleia in the district pronounced to be the
given to the world. (See Burmann, in the pref. to property of Hercules, and to have been reserved
his ed. of Virgil. ) (Hieron. advers. Ruf. vol. iii. p. by him for any descendant who might come to
92, ed. Bas. , in Euseb. Chron. ad ann. ccclv p. c. ; claim it, Eryx, in Sicily. In his passage thither-
in Eccles. c. i. ; see also Lud. Schopfen, De Terentio ward, along the Italian coast, he found the people
et Donato, 8vo, Bonn. 1824, and Specimen emend. of Croton preparing (B. c. 510) for their conflict
in Ael. Donati comment. Terent. 4to, Bonn. 1826. with Sybaris, and induced, it would seem, by the
Osann, Beiträge zur Griechischen und Römischen connexion between Croton and Sparta (Müller,
Litteraturgeschichte, Leip. 1839. ) (W. R. ) Dor. bk. x. 7. § 12), he joined in the expedition,
DO'NATUS, TIBERIUS CLAU'DIUS. We and received, after the fall of the city, a plot of
find prefixed to all the more complete editions of land, on which he built a temple to Athena, of the
Virgil a life of the poet, in twenty-five chapters, Crathis. Such was the story given to Herodotus
bearing the title, “ Tiberii Claudii Donati ad Tiberium by the remnants of the Sybarites, who were his
Claudianum Maximum Donatianum filium de P. fellow-citizens at Thurii, denied however by the
Virgilii Maronis Vita. ” Nothing whatsoever is Crotoniats, on the evidence, that while Callias, the
known with regard to this Donatus ; but it has been Elean prophet, had received from them various re-
conjectured that some grammarian, who fourished wards, still enjoyed there by his posterity, in re-
about the commencement of the fifth century, may turn of his service in the war, nothing of the sort
have drawn up a biography which formed the recalled the name of Dorieus. This, however, if
groundwork of the piece we now possess, but which, Dorieus was bent on his Sicilian colony, quite
in its actual shape, exhibits a worthless farrago of intelligible. He certainly pursued his course to
childish anecdotes and frivolous fables, compounded Eryx, and there seems to have founded his Hera-
by ignorant and unskilful hands. Indeed, scarcely cleia; but ere long, he and all his brother Spartans
two MSS. can be found in which it does not wear with him, a single man excepted [EURYLEON),
a different aspect, and the earlier editors seem to were cut off in a battle with the Egestaeans, and,
bave moulded it into its present form, by collecting as it seems, the Carthaginians. He left however
## p. 1067 (#1087) ##########################################
DORIEUS.
1007
DORIMACHUS.
behind him a son, Euryanax, who accompanied his DORILLUS (abpillos) or DORIALLUS
cousin Pausanins in the campaign (x. C. 479) (Aopiarlos), an Athenian tragic poet, who was
Against Mardonins. Why this son did not succeed ridiculed by Aristophanes. Nothing more is
rather than Leonidas, on the death of Cleomenes, known of him. (Suid. , Hesych. , and Etym. Mag.
is not clear; Müller suggests, comparing Plut. s. v. Aopiarlos; Aristoph. Lenn. Fr. 336, Dindorf,
Agis, c. 11, that a Heracleid, leaving his country Schol. in Aristoph. Ran. v. 519; Fabric. Bill.
to settle elsewhere lost his rights at home. (Herod. Graec. ii. p. 297. )
[P. S. )
v. 41-66; ix. 10, 53, 55; Diod. iv. 23; Paus. DORI'MACHUS (Aopiuaxos), less properly
iii. 16. 4, and 3. $ 8. )
[A. H. C. ) DORY'MACHUS (Aopúuaxos), a native of
DORIEUS (Awpievs), the son of Dingoras Trichonium, in Aetolia, and son of Nicostratus,
[DIAGORAS), one of the noblest of the noble was sent out, in B. c. 221, to Phigalea, on the
Heracleid family, the Eratids of Ialysus, in Messenian border, with which the Aetolians had a
Rhodes.
He was victor in the pancratium in league of sympolity, ostensibly to defend the place,
three successive Olympiads, the 87th, 88th, and but in reality to watch affairs in the Peloponnesus
89th, B. C. 432, 428 and 424, the second of which with a view of fomenting a war, for which his
is mentioned by Thucydides (iii. 8); at the restless countrymen were anxious. A number of
Nemean games he won seven, at the Isthmian freebooters flocked together to him, and he con-
eight victories. He and his kinsman, Peisidorus, nived at their plundering the territory of the Mes-
were styled in the announcement as Thurians, 50 senians, with whom Aetolia was in alliance. All
that, apparently, before 424 at latest, they had left complaints he received at first with neglect, and
their country. (Paus. vi. 7. ) The whole family afterwards (when he had gone to Messene, on
were outlawed as heads of the aristocracy by the pretence of investigating the matter) with insult.
Athenians (Xen. Hell. i. 5. $ 19), and took refuge The Messenians, however, and especially Sciron,
in Thurii ; and from Thurii, after the Athenian one of their ephori, behaved with such spirit that
disaster at Syracuse had re-established there the Dorimachus was compelled to yield, and to promise
Peloponnesian interest, Dorieus led thirty galleys satisfaction for the injuries done ; but he had been
to the aid of the Spartan cause in Greece. He treated with indignity, which he did not forget,
arrived with them at Cnidus in the winter of 412. and he resolved to bring about a war with Messe-
(Thuc. viii. 35. ) He was, no doubt, active in the nia. This he was enabled to do through his kins-
revolution which, in the course of the same winter, man Scopas, who administered the Aetolian
was effected at Rhodes (Thuc. viii. 44); its revolt government at the time, and who, without waiting
from the Athenians was of course accompanied by for any decree of the Assembly, or for the sanction
the restoration of the family of Diagoras. (B. C. 411. ) of the select council ('AFÓKANTO! ; see Polyb. xx.
We find him early in the summer at Miletus, join-1; Liv. xxxv. 34), commenced hostilities, not
ing in the expostulations of his men to Astyochus, against Messenia only, but also against the Epei-
who, in the Spartan fashion, raised his staff as if rots, Achaeans, Acarnanians, and Macedonians.
to strike him, and by this act so violently excited In the next year, B. c. 220, Dorimachus invaded
the Thurian sailors that he was saved from vio- the Peloponnesus with Scopas, and defeated Ara-
lence only by flying to an altar. (Thuc. viii. 84. ) tus, at Caphyae. (See p. 255, a. ) He took part
And shortly after, when the new commander, also in the operations in which the Aetolians were
Mindarus, sailed for the Hellespont, he was sent joined by Scerdiläidas, the Illyrian,--the capture
with thirteen ships to crush a democratical move and burning of Cynaetha, in Arcadia, and the
ment in Rhodes. (Diod. xiii. 38. ) Some little baffled attempt on Cleitor,--and he was one of the
time after the battle of Cynossema he entered the leaders of the unsuccessful expedition against
Hellespont with his squadron, now fourteen in Aegeira in B. c. 219. In the autumn of the same
number, to join the main body; and being de- year, being chosen general of the Aetolians, he
scried and attacked by the Athenians with twenty, ravaged Epeirus, and destroyed the temple at
was forced to run his vessels ashore, near Rhoe- Dodona. In B. c. 218 he invaded Thessaly, in
teum. Here he vigorously maintained himself the hope of drawing Philip away from the siege of
until Mindarus came to his succour, and, by the Palus, in Cephallenia, which he was indeed obliged
advance of the rest of the Athenian fleet, the to relinquish, in consequence of the treachery of
action became general: it was decided by the Leontius, but he took advantage of the absence of
sudden arrival of Alcibiades with reinforcements. Dorimachus to make an incursion into Aetolia,
(Xen. Hell. i. 1. $ 2; Diod. xiii. 45. ) Four years adrancing to Thermum, the capital city, and plun-
after, at the close of B. C. 407, he was captured, dering it. Dorimachus is mentioned by Liry as
with two Thurian galleys, by the Athenians, and one of the chiefs through whom M. Valerius Lae-
sent, no doubt, to Athens: but the people, in vinus, in B. c. 211, concluded a treaty of alliance
admiration of his athletic size and noble beauty, with Aetolia against Philip, from whom he vainly
dismissed their ancient enemy, though already attempted, in B. c. 210, to save the town of Echi-
under sentence of death, without so much as ex- nus, in Thessaly. In B. C. 204 he and Scopas were
acting a ransom. (Xen. Hell
. i. 5. § 19. ) Pausa- appointed by the Aetolians to draw up new laws
nias, (l. c. ,) on the authority of Androtion, further to meet the general distress, occasioned by heavy
relates, that at the time when Rhodes joined the debts, with which the two commissioners them-
Athenian league formed by Conon, Dorieus chanced selves were severely burdened. In B. C. 196
to be somewhere in the reach of the Spartans, and Dorimachus was sent to Egypt to negotiate terms
was by them seized and put to death. [A. H. C. ] of peace with Ptolemy V. (Epiphanes), his mission
DORIEUS (Awprets), the author of an epigram probably having reference to the conditions of
upon Milo, which is preserved by Athenaeus (x. amity between Ptolemy and Antiochus the Great,
p. 412, f. ) and in the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, to whom the Aetolians were now looking for sup-
Anal. ii. 63; Jacobs, ii. 62. ) Nothing more is port against Rome. (Polyb. iv. 3–13, 16-19, 57,58,
known of him.
[P. S. ] 67, 77; v. i. 3, 4-9. 11, 17; ix. 42 ; xiii. 1; xviii.
## p. 1068 (#1088) ##########################################
1068
DOROTHEUS.
DOROTHEUS.
37; xx. 1; Fragm. Hist. 68; Liv. xxvi. 24; Brand- referred to hy Athenaeus, who quotes the 108th
stäter, Gesch. des Aetol. Landes, p. 342, &c. ) [E. E. ) book of a work of his, entitled netewv ovvaywyn.
DO'RION (Awplwr). 1. A critic and gramma- (Athen. vii. p. 329, ix. p. 410, xi. p. 481, xiv. p.
rian in the time of Hadrian. He lived at Sardis, 658; comp. Schol. ad Ilom. 1. ix. 90, x. 252;
and was a friend of Dionysius of Miletus, the rhe- Eustath. ad Hom. II. xxiii. 230, p. 1297. ) This
torician. (Philostr. Vit. Soph. i. 22. $ 4. )
work may be the same as the one tepl Tŵv tévws
2. A rhetorician referred to by the elder Seneca. eipnuévwv néFEWV kata otoixelov (Phot. Bibl. Cod.
(Suas. 2, Controv. i. 8, iv. 24. )
156), which seems to have been only a chapter or
3. A native probably of Egypt, is recorded by section of the great work. Another work of his
Athenaeus, from whom alone our knowledge of bore the title tepl’Avtipávous Kal Tepi tñs hapa
him is derived, as a musician, a wit, a bon vivant, vewTépous Kwulkos uattúns. (Athen. xiv. p. 662. )
and the author of a treatise on his favourite deli- 3. Of Athens, is mentioned among the authors
cacy-fish. His profession and his propensity are consulted by Pliny. (H. N. Elench. lib. xii. and xiii. )
together marked by the name λοπαδοφυσητής, ap- 4. A CHALDAEAN, is mentioned as the author
plied to him by the comic poet Mnesimachus, in of a work nepl didwv by Plutarch (de Fium. 23),
his play of “ Philip. ” (p. Athen, viii. p. 338, b. ; who quotes the second book of it. He may be
Meineke, Fragm. Com. vol. iii. p. 578. ) He is the same as the Dorotheus referred to by Pliny
mentioned too in a fragment of Machon, also pre- (H. N. xxii. 22), though the latter may also be
served by Athenaeus (viii. p. 337, c. ; Casaub.
