No More Learning

Besides many
volume ; yet all attempts to meet its requirements Wedekind (Strasburg) read a paper on Relations
new varieties, the author characterizes fourteen
have been made on the distinctly intermittent between the Magnetism and the Stoichiometrical
Dr. J. G.
new plants, one being Casuarina Dorrieni, eight plan of operation. These limitations due to Constitution of Chemical Compounds. "
grasses, three being species of Panicum, and hve
** intermittency demand heavy and bulky Gray and Dr. A. D. Ross (Glasgow) presented
other Monocotyledons. Dr. Rendle and 'Dr. Stapf trains, with correspondingly long stations and a paper on the Magnetic Properties of a Variety
commented on certain points of the paper.
spacious tunnels. The permanent way has to be of Special Steels at Low Temperatures,' read by
The next paper was by Mr. G. H. Wailes, and heavily constructed with duplicate feeder rails, Dr. Ross. Dr. Ross also read a paper
was entitled Freshwater Rhizopoda from the
the tracks being further complicated by elaborate the Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of
States of New York, New Jersey, and Georgia, signalling apparatus. The trains require costly the Heusler Alloys. A paper by Dr. 8. Hilpert
with a Supplementary Account of some Species labour for their operation, and consume much (Berlin) and Dr. E. Colver-Glauert (Sheffield)
from the Seychelles. ' It stated that little atten-
energy, of which about half is wasted at the
on 'The Magnetic Properties of Nickel and Man-
tion had been paid to this group in the United
brake blocks, resulting in high maintenance ganese Steels with Reference to their Metallo-
States since the appearance of Leidy's work in
charges. A greater amount of rolling-stock graphical Composition' was read by Dr. Colver-
1879. The gatherings forming the basis of the
than would suffice at higher speeds has to be Glauert. Dr. S. Hilpert and Dr. T. Dieckmann
present paper were collected in the autumn of provided, requiring spacious car sheds and yards. sent a paper entitled The Magnetic
Properties
1911. ; the Rhizopod fauna is summed up as being Extensive lighting, ventilating, and other ap- of the Compounds of Manganese with Phos.
rich in species and individuals, about 80 per cent paratus is required, entailing further heavy energy phorus, Arsenic, Antimony, and Bismuth. ' This
being similar to those found in Europe. The consumption. The equipment comprises a very was also communicated by Dr. Colver-Glauert.
remainder of the paper was devoted to a syste complicated fourfold power plant in several Dr. E. Take (Marburg) and Dr. F. Heusler
matic account of the species found, including three
distinct classes, one being mounted on and (Dillenburg) presented a paper on "The Heusler
new species of Nebela, one of Euglypha, and many
hauled by the trains. The cost of the subway Alloys, as did Prof. A. A. Knowlton and Dr.
varieties.
train system is about 600,000l. per mile, and the 0. c. Clifford (Utah). Prof. Pierre Weiss (Zurich)
Mr. Wilfred Mark Webb exhibited several operating cost, including fixed charges, works out also sent a paper entitled 'The Magnetic Properties
specimes of the extremely rare British wood-
at between 0'18 and 0-2d. per seat mile. Con- of the Iron-Nickel, Iron-Cobalt, and Nickel-Cobalt
louse, Lygidium hypnorum, and explained the sequently, even at prevailing high fare rates of Alloys. "
circumstances in which he obtained these
0'6d. per passenger mile, the receipts do not
specimens from Great Warley, Essex. The Rev.
balance the costs, and further developments are
T. R. R. Stebbing adverted to his first finding the
held up in all directions.
MEETINGS NEXT WEEK.
species in Britain, and the relations experienced
Society of Arts, 8. - Heavy Oil Enginee,' Lecture III, Capt.
with the then leading authorities on the group ;
H. R, Bankey. (Howard Lectures. )
Prof. Dendy also joined in the discussion.
HELLENIC. -May 7. -Prof. Sir W. M. Ramsay
Burveyors' Institution, 8. - Discussion on 'Some Principles in
the Valuation of land and Buildings. "
The Rev. R. Ashington Bullen had sent a box read a paper on The Shrine of the God Mên TUES. Horticultural, 3. – Gardening and Drought,' Prof. I. B.
containing cochineal insects for exhibition ; he Askaënos at Pisidian Antioch. ' He said that the
expressed a fear that they would be dead before most interesting feature of primitive Asia Minor
Royal Institution. 3. -The study of Genetics,' Lecture I. ,
they could be shown, which was the case. The was the influence of the great religious sanctu-
Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 4. 30. -Annual
General Secretary referred to the unfortunate aries, at which the priest represented the god, Colonial Institute, 8. 80. - 'Settlernent by "Whites" of Tropical
experience of Carl von Linné, who had laboured wearing his dress, sometimes bearing his name,
$0 hard to procure living insects; when at last always exercising his power as lord and guide of
on
was
· On
5
Mox.
.
Balfour.
Prof. W. Bateson.
Meeting.
-
WED. Polk-lore. 8. - "Cotswold Folk-lore, Miss J. B. Partridge.
they reached Upsala, they were cleaned off by a dependent population which was bound to Microscopical, 8. - British Enchytrælde IV. The Genus
the gardener, without the Professor's knowledge, the soil, not by law, but by custom, and which
Society of Arts, 9. -The Manufacture of Nitrate from the
and to his deep chagrin.
was in a sense enslaved to the god. What was the : Atmosphere,' Mr. E. K. Scott.
Australia,' Mr. J. M. Creed
Geological, 8.
Henlea,' Rov. H. Friend.


## p. 539 (#409) ############################################

No. 4411, May 11, 1912
539
THE ATHENÆUM
was
an
on
Tucrs. Royal Institution, 3. - 'Ice Formation in Canada : I. The
Physical aspect, Prof. 8. T. Barnes.
SOME curious facts as to the cost of dif- Egypt and Nubia, of which that of Cheops
Royal. 4. 30. - The General Theory of Colloidal Solutions,' ferent modes of artificial lighting have lately is only the finest example, were never
and The Tension of Composito Fluid Surfaces and the
Mechanical Stability of Films of Fluid,' Mr. W. B. Hardy : been given in a French technical journal. built for anything but tombs, and that their
Studies on Enzyme Action : XVI. The Enzymes of
Emulsin (ii. ): Prunase, the Correlate of Prunnsin,' and Taking the cost of coal-gas as an illuminant design evolved regularly from that of the
XVII. Enzymes of the Emulsin Type (ii. ): The Distribution
at 30 centimes the cubic metre, electricity at Egyptian mastaba.
of B-enzymes in Plants,' Prof. H. E. Armstrong and Messrs.
E. F. Armstrong and E. Horton; and other Papers.
70 centimes the kilowatt, and petroleum at 44
Society of Arts, 4. 30. Indian Railways,' Mr. N. Priestley. centimes the kilogramme, the writer finds
Historical, 5. -The Ballad History of Charles I. ,' Prof. 0. H.
At a recent meeting of the Royal Irish
Pirth.
that “gas lighting with incandescent mantles Academy two papers were submitted by
Institution of Electrical Engineers, 7. 45. -Annual Meeting;
Condensers in Series with Metal Filament Lamps,' Mr. is by far the cheapest. ” Next to this comes Mr. George Coffey. One of these dealt
Chamica! , 8. 50. - On Azo Dyestuffs of the Triphonylmethane electric lighting by incandescent metallic with an important find of amber beads
Group. Messrs. A. G. Green and R. N. Sen; 'Aniline filaments, and below this again gas lighting from the Baltic, made at Coachford, . co.
Green and A. D. Woodhead Action of Grignard Reagents by “ argand ” burners and naked flames, Cork, along with two gold fibulæ and a
on Esters of Dibasic Acide,' Preliminary Note, Messrs. J. T.
Hewitt and D. B. Steinberg ; 'Chemical Examination of the
in this order.
Bark of Euonymus atropurpureus," Mr. H. Rogerson ; and lighting by petroleum.
Most expensive of all is number of bronze celts. This was the first
It is worth noting clear case of amber beads having been
Far.
Vöring Olub, 7. 30.
-Reading of Ibsen's 'Pretenders,' trans- that the last two methods of illumination are found in Ireland with datable objects of the
lated by Dr. Jón Stefansson.
Royal Institution, 4. - High Frequency Currents,' Mr. W. used almost exclusively by the poorest Bronze Age.
SAT. Royal Institution, :-'Interpretation in Song : (2) Rules, members of the community.
Mr. A. Plunket Greene.
The second paper dealt with a find of
M. ARMAND GAUTIER has just given his
moulds at Kilmeady, co. Antrim, amongst
which
for
views about the phenomena of life by way casting unsocketed sickles, of which no
important mould
of introduction to a recent lecture by M. Jean examples have hitherto been found in
Science Gossip.
Friedel. He says that experiments made
Ireland.
with the "Respiratory Chamber,"
con-
THE total rainfall at Greenwich in the structed by Atwater fifteen years ago, show
month of April just past was only seven.
that the number of calories, or units of
hundredths of an inch, a monthly total energy calculated as heat, produced by the
which is almost, but not quite, the smallest human subjects shut up therein for a number
FINE ARTS
in the record. From a tabulation of the of days corresponds almost exactly with
Greenwich rainfall by Mr. W. C. Nash for the that which the aliments consumed by them
years 1815 to 1903, it may be learnt that for during their confinement would have pro-
smallness this quantity has been equalled duced if burnt in a furnace. From this he
or excelled on only four occasions. In argues that consciousness, thought, will,
February, 1821, the total was `04 in. ; in and the exercise of the power of reasoning An Architectural Account of the Churches
February, 1891
, **05 in. in April, 1817, with vehich they have nothing in common.
of Shropshire. By the Rev. D. H. S.
-06 in. ; and in August, 1818, 07 in.
Cranage. Vol. II. (Wellington, Shrop-
these, in only three other of the 1,068 months It is a curious piece of reasoning, and is
shire, Hobson. )
was the total rainfall as small as a tenth of worked out by the learned Academician in
an inch. Light monthly falls of rain are
his usual lucid style.
The tenth and final part of Mr. Cranage's
spread principally through the months
exhaustive work
THE ANDREWS PROFESSORSHIP OF ASTRO-
the architectural
January to September, with a preponder.
ance in the spring, whereas the heavy falls NOMY in the University of Dublin, which features of the churches of Shropshire
happen generally in the last seven months carries with it the title of Royal Astronomer has now been issued. Other parts, the
of the year. In the month following each of Ireland, left vacant in February by the first of which was issued in 1904, have
of the four above named the rainfall was
transference of Dr. Whittaker to the Pro.
received laudatory notices from time to
considerably above the average, so that, fossorship of Mathematics in the University
time in these columns. This last part,
to judge from these procedents, the present of Edinburgh, has been filled by the ap: profusely illustrated with plates, plans,
month should be a wet one.
pointment of Mr. H. C. Plummer, assistant and drawings, forms a fitting conclusion
On Tuesday next, at three o'clock, Prof. Observatory at Oxford. The new Royal to an authoritative and monumental work.
W. Bateson begins a course of two lectures Astronomer is the son of the present Director Its contents are in the first instance
at the Royal Institution on 'The Study of of the Bidston Observatory, Liverpool. devoted to the fine series of churches
Genetics '; and on Thursday Prof. H. T.
within the Liberties of Shrewsbury. This
Barnes delivers the first of two lectures on
abridged edition for the use of is followed by an appendix of additional
* The Physical and Economic Aspects of Ice seamen
Formation in Canada. ' The Friday evening published for the year 1914, the form and facts about a large number of churches
discourse on the 17th inst. will be delivered matter being considerably different from those which have come to light during the
by Mr. W. Duddell on 'High Frequency of the similar publication for previous years, many years that the work has been in
Currents'; and on the 24th by Mr. A. D. and from “The Nautical Almanac' proper. progress. The physical features and early
Hall on
Recent Advances in Agricultural Tho smaller volume supplies the seaman history of the county, the development of
Scienco: the Fertility of the Soil. '
with all the astronomical data he requires religious institutions, architectural periods,
for finding his position or for rating his the construction of the old churches,
THE CORPORATION OF GLASGOW have chronometer by observations of the celestial
authorized an exhibition to be held in bodies, and in this revised and amended and their furniture and fittings are suc-
Kelvingrove Museum from July 1st to form the quantities are given only to a cessively and lucidly discussed.
December 31st to celebrate the centenary degree of accuracy comparable with the data
of the inauguration of steam navigation obtainable by sextant observations — as a
The single index is thorough and com-
by the steamer Comet in 1812. The general rule to 0'l of arc and 0"'1 of time. prehensive, and more useful than if it had
exhibits will illustrate the history and Certain auxiliary tables are included to been divided into persons, places, and
development of marine propulsion into steam lessen the labour of interpolation.
subjects.
navigation. The engines of the Comet were
As to old church fittings of every kind, ,
given in 1862 to South Kensington Museum PROF. PERCIVAL LOWELL has published a
by Messrs. Robert Napier & Sons, and it will paper in which he seeks to prove that the the general survey is complete and of
not be possible to transfer them to Glasgow Grand Gallery of the Pyramid of Cheops much value to ecclesiologists. A certain
for exhibition. The Admiralty has pro- is directed at the star Alpha Draconis, and class of dogmatic writers persist in saying
mised to co-operate with the local committee, must have been erected in the year 3430 B. C. that English churches knew nothing of
and will arrange for a naval display on the It was, he tells us, a gigantic gnomon, or altar rails until the Laudian days. It
Clyde.
sundial
, telling not, like ordinary sundials, is here pointed out that Sutton, Salop,
the hour of the day, but, on a more impres still possesses interesting Elizabethan
MESSRS. MACMILLAN & Co. will publish sive scale, the seasons of the year.
shortly “The Depths of the Ocean, based further of opinion that the Pyramid was railings dating from 1582.
on the recent scientific researches of the constructed by Chaldæan astronomers,
Norwegian steamer Michael Sars in the and that its purpose was to cast the kings to all good or curious work, both in
Careful attention is given by Mr. Cranage
wood and stone, of post-Reformation and
and contains contributions from Prof. A. to exercise an irresistible attraction for
He draws due
Appellöf, Prof. H. H. Gran, and Dr. B. discussion, though most people are now attention in the survey to the beautiful
Helland-Hansen.
convinced that the dozens of pyramids in example of a gallery at Moreton Say,
THE "
6
by Sir John Murray and Dr. Johan Hjort, tomb when dead. The Great Pyramid seems wend an Georgian times.


## p. 540 (#410) ############################################

540
THE ATHENÆUM
No. 4411, May 11, 1912
roviow. )
dating from 1634. Minsterley has a
men dealt with limiting to some extent the
fine gallery of the days of William and
NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. intimacy of his picturesque narrative style.
Mary, and the quaint one at Melverley
(Notice in those columns does not proclude longer
Again, it is hardly from so decadent an artist
as Vasari that we should look for sympa-
probably dates from 1718.
EDINBURGH
thetic insight into primitive work. It is
Of thorough work the two subjects Artists' Sketch-Book Series :
and LONDON, both by L. G. Hornby; much as he does, and maintain the instinctive
creditable that he should respect them so
of squints and low-side windows are
and ROCHESTER, by Katharine Kim: historic sense which makes allowance for
good examples. The remarkable instances
ball, 1/ net each.
Black
of squints at Acton Burnell and Ruyton
the circumstances and standards of the
were fully dealt with under the respective
These three volumes consist entirely, of period. We are not sure that the up-to-date
. churches, but all other cases are here given but betoken a certain subdued and careful of the work of yesterday.
pencil drawings. They are not remarkable,
artist of our own times is often so tolerant
with detailed measurements. Low-side workmanship. Some of the detail of the Among the lives in the volume are the
windows are described and catalogued buildings is delicate, intricate, and executed intrinsically important ones of Cimabue,
in exhaustive fashion. No other county with feeling. The microscopic attention to Giotto and Orcagna, and the Pisani.
has received such satisfactory treatment outline is the best characteristic of the
with regard to these puzzles :
drawings. Those which blur their effects,
in order to arrive at atmosphere, are less
"I had hoped [says Mr. Cranage] that a pleasing.
THE ROYAL ACADEMY,
careful examination of only. 36 examples Phillipps (Evelyn March), THE VENETIAN
of different types would bring some con-
(Second Notice. )
SCHOOL OF PAINTING, 7/6 net.
viction to the mind as to the purpose of
Macmillan
THE necessarily prompt report of our
the openings, but it has not been so. Serious
“A certain acceptation of the obvious,”
first impression of this year's exhibition
objections to all the suggested theories
which is noted as characteristic of Titian,
needs revision in one particular. The
cannot but be felt, together with the strong is, perhaps, the principal common feature arrival of Mr. Bacon's insipid Coronation
impression that no one explanation wit
of the Venetian School. Even the sensa-
()
. account for all the examples.
tionalism of Tintoretto finds utterance
in not welcoming The Investiture of H. R. H.
Certain comments, however, appear on through the medium of the normal laws of the Prince of Wales at Carnarvon Castle (383),
another page. It is satisfactory to find lighting and of space measurement, which by Mr. Christopher Williams. It is one of
he used in a way which no one had ap monial pictures we remember to have seen.
the most tolerable of these modern cere-
that Mr. Cranage has not a syllable to
say in favour of the leper theory. On the proached before and no one has surpassed Frankly obvious, it gives with considerable
since. Venetian types are never exaggerated; truth the look of what seems to have been
whole, the opinion of competent experts Venetian anatomy is always suave and well-
continues to crystallize in favour of the rounded (the angularity of Cima and should serve as a pleasant souvenir.
a gay, but not impressive mise-en-scène, and
We
sanctus-bell theory as applicable to the Crivelli being readily recognizable as exotic).
Venetian colour, as is duly noted, is never
can hardly fancy any actor in Mr. Bacon's
majority of cases.
crude or fantastic, but is imbued with the tableau vivant able to look his painted self
It will surprise not a few students of
roodlofts and screenwork, unacquainted has made the everyday amenities of life merit of the exhibition with closer reference
moderation of nature. No other race of artists in the face with comfort.
In this second notice we may judge of the
with Shropshire, to learn that the existence
so convincing : even in Tintoretto, the
of a loft can be proved in only some naughty boy of the school, there is incor-
naughty boy of the school, there is incor- to the standards obtaining among those who
twenty-five cases. But by this statement porated an
visit it than was possible in our first article.
enormous fund of agreeable
Mr. Cranage must surely mean so far as
commonplace, the inclusion of which makes Mr. Arnesby Brown, it appears, has, on the
the evidence of the present structures is
Venetian pictures the most easily acceptable whole, painted the picture of the year
of all fine pictures to the average man.
(No. 237), and Mr. Sargent's landscapes
If
concerned. An English church of the
we have a fault to find with our author's share with it the glory of representing the
fifteenth century without a roodloft would
insight into the art of painting, it is that she Bernard Priestman and Mr. Hornel among
vital and progressive art of the time. Mr.
surely be an anomaly, and altogether hardly lays sufficient stress on the forempting landscape painters,
and Mr Charles Shanno
exceptional. If mediæval wills and other
contentment with
and Mr. Lavery among figure painters, are
early records were carefully searched, after just so much plasticity of design as was
commercially desirable. When she speaks future for habitués of the Academy, for a
others who represent the painting of the
the plan adopted by Mr Aymer Vallance commercially desirable.
in dealing with various counties, the of him as perhaps of too intellectual a
list of known Shropshire roodlofts could cast of mind to be quite typical of the large number of whom evidently painting
Venetian spirit in the way that Tintoretto
which has not been seen at Burlington
scarcely
fail to be materially increased. is," she hardly does justice to the essential House does not exist.
Mr. Cranage remarks that at St. Mary's, grandeur of mind of the superficially less
We hold no brief for the conservativo as
Shrewsbury," there was a veil before the elegant painter. Similarly, she under-
against the innovator in art, but to official
exhibitions like the Royal Academy ad-
roodloft, doubtless to hide the figures values the philosophy embodied in the me-
mission is so difficult for the revolutionary
placed thereon. " He has apparently for- thodical painting of Canale, and repro-
gotten the fact that a veil invariably hung duces opposite p. 324 surely one of the that it will be always easier to find good
worst examples of Guardi's aimless
old-fashioned work on its walls. Security
before the great rood- irrespective of the
The book on the whole,
picturesqueness.
altar Lenten veil—throughout Lent, which however, contains so much sound apprecia- whose mission it is to utilize the results
from comparison with painters of real
initiative, however, has produced a race
was dramatically raised by pulleys during tion of the works it deals with as to afford whose mission it is to utilize the results
the Gospel on Palm Sunday.
an excellent introduction to the study of the
exhibition pictures. In the advanced wing
Mr. Cranage has now brought his work Venetian School.
of the landscape painters of the Royal
to an exemplary conclusion. We offer Royal Academy Pictures and Sculpture, Academy we see reflections of the Now
him our cordial congratulations, and cite Part I. , 7d. net.
Casseli English Art Club exhibitions of bygone days.
the final paragraph of a happily conceived Contains reproductions of forty-one ex- Mr. Sargent's plein - air subjects (121,
retrospect
hibits by R. Ā. 's and A. R. A. 's, including 186, 549) are typical products of the modern
three pictures each by Mr. Mark Fisher, Mr. school of Southern Europe, such as are
“After more than 10 years' work the Napier Hemy, Mr. David Murray, and Mr. associated with the name, say, of Sorolla
prevailing feeling
in laying
down the pen Charles Sims; 'Mr. Arnesby Brown's Norfolk y Bastida, and, as with the foregoing, the
must be one of relief, but there must also Landscape, and Mr. Lavery's 'La Mort du attention they excite is that due to novelty
be regret that so many pleasant associations Cygne : Anna Pavlova.
in these surroundings. There is far more
with people and places in the county are
first-hand study in Mr. Poole Smith's
There must be few parts of England Vasari (Giorgio), LIVES OF THE Most EM- charming picture Matin de Novembre (442),
which combine in so high a degree beauty, NENT PAINTERS, newly translated by which is delicate in execution and carefully
romance, and archæological interest; few, Gaston Du C. de Vere, Vol. I. , 25/ not.