698
THREE SUPPORTIVE ESSENTIALS OF THE BODY bca'-ha lus-kYi mad gsu", According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE POSTURES
of lion, elephant and sage.
THREE SUPPORTIVE ESSENTIALS OF THE BODY bca'-ha lus-kYi mad gsu", According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE POSTURES
of lion, elephant and sage.
Dudjom Rinpoche - Fundamentals and History of the Nyingmapa
137, 270, 352, 453, 624, 698, 758, 798, 889
THREEFOLD REFUGE skyabs-gsum, Skt. trisaralJa
This refers to refuge in the THREE PRECIOUS JEWELS. 69, 728
THREE GA THERINGS 'du-ba gsum
The gathering of people during the day (nyin-mor mi 'du-ba), the gathering
of <;! akinls by night (mtshan-mor mkha'-'gro 'du-ba) and the gathering of material resources at all times (rtag-tu zas-nor 'du-ba), 851
THREE GAZES lta-stangs gsum
By gazing upwards at the urlJakesa, the eye of reality perceives the buddha- body of reality and propensities are removed. By gazing sideways, the eye of pristine cognition perceives the buddha-body of perfect rapture and so sarpsara and nirvaIfa are blended in a common savour. By gazing downwards, the eye of discriminative awareness perceives the emanational body and so arrives at the appearance of pristine cognition. 907
THREE GENERAL COMMITMENTS spyi'i dam-tshig gsum
According to Kriyatantra, in the Secret Tantra ofGeneral Rites, these are the commitments of taking refuge (skyabs-su 'gro-ba), generating the enlightened mind of aspiration (smon-pa'i sems bskyed) and the bodhisattva vow (byang-
THREE
ESSENCELESS
NA TURES
( ECT) TRAININGS yang-
Moral discipline (tshul-khnms, ,1. a '( ' d I' e medItatlOn
sems,
Skt citra), 70-1,73,79,88, '
Skt. prajiiii) and mm , ' , 322, 403, 707, 879, 898
THREE CORRUPTIONS
The corruption of desIre (do g " _ a) 472 zag-pa) and the corruption of VIew (lta-ba 1 zag P .
, d -b um Skt, , THREE COUNCILS bka -bs u a gs the first was convened in In
ka' and'the third was convened unng ,
the reign of 428-30
GHTENMENT byang-chub gsum, Skt. bodhuraya
THREE ESSENTIAL NA TURES mts
Skt.
h 'd gsumlngo-bo-nyid gsumlrang-bzhzn gsum, an-nYl
" ) h d pendent (gzhan-dbang,
'i za -pa), the corruption ofrebirth (srid-pa'i
According to the Tibetan tradltl°fin, 1 ' ana' the second was convened at ' theBuddha'smamrv,· d'
the year f011owmg, . , Vaisall during the reIgn of VlgataSO
,
THREE DEGREES OF ENLI , d b the pious attendants, self-centred
The level of enlightenment attame Y buddhas and bodhisattvas. 414
THREE DISTRICTS ljongs gsum . Sikkim (i. e. Dremojong), KhenpaJong an
d Lungsumjong. 518
THREE DIVINE REALMS lha-gnas 15 these are the FIVE PURE ABODES OF As outlined in the chart on pp. - , T Y FORM REALMS and the realms THE FORM REALMS, the TWELVEORDINAR
of the SIX SPECIES OF KAMA DIVINITIES, 458
TRES chos-'khor gnas gsum
THREE DOCTRINAL CEN d k PI 38 40 100-1; 838
Samye Lhasa Jokhang and Trha ru. s. , ,
THREE (OF PURE DEITIES OF RELATIVE APPEARANCE)
(kun-rdzob dag-pa'i lha) ngs gsum h T h-gata family (de-bzhin gshegs-pa'i
According to Kriyatantra, t)e da\:e VaJ'ra family or family of In-
L f mily (padma 1 ngs an rigs), the otus a ," '
destructible Reality (rdo-rye 1 ngs). 270,
ngo-bo-nyid-med-pa gsum,
Skt pankalpua, tee Skt. paratantra) and the absolu,te '. ( '
D. T. Suzuki, Studies in the Lankavatara Sutw, pp. 160-1, 170-2, 182-3,216
TOW ARDS THE
, k b
The imagmary ( un- r t a g s , . b Skt parinispanna). See, e. g. ,
THREE ESSENTIALS WHICH GUIDE (THE
pa dbyings-kyi gnad gsum d 'd
These are the THREE GAZES -
s and downwards - which
346 349-50 ,
' o f the THREE ESSENTIAL
These are the lack of mherent 'th respect to characteristIC
namely, absence ,of su :t1e (paramartha). 219-20 productlOn (utpa a an ,
EYES)
EXP ANSE
upwar s, Sl eway
Skt
.
trividhii
154-'63). 24-6,28, 154,
'khrid-
Three 113
114 Glossary ofEnumerations
chub sems-dpa'i sdom-pa) which is the enlightened mind of engagement or
entrance ('jug-pa'i sems-bskyed). 350
THREE GENERAL STYLES OF EXEGESIS spyi-don rnam gsum
This is the second of the FOUR STYLES of appraisal of the secret mantra
a
texts which (1) counters regret for entering into the sutras, etc. (mdo-sogs-l zhugs-pa'i 'gyod-pa zlog-pa); (2) counters regret for entering the inner mantras, etc, (sngags-nang-pa-la zhugs-pa'i 'gyod-zlog); and (3) conveys the general
meaning of the creation stage (bskyed-rim-pa'i spyi-don). 292-3 THREE GREAT DESCENTS babs-lugs chen-po gsum
See THREE LINEAGES
THREE GREAT EMANATIONAL TEACHINGS sprul-pa'i bstan-pa chen-po gsum
According to the Great Perfection, these are buddha-body (sku), speech
(gsung) and mind (thugs), 134-8
THREE GUIDING VEHICLES 'dren-pa'i theg-pa gsum
See THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALECTICS THREE GYAMTSOS rgya-mtsho rnam-gsum-du grags-pa
The authors of the astrological treatise entitled pad-dkar zhal-lung, namely, Phukpa Lhundrup Gyamtso, Khedrup Gyamtso and Sangye Gyamtso. 954
THREE HIGHER (SUPREME UNCOMMON) EMPOWERMENTS (thun-min mchog-) dbang gong-ma gsum
The secret empowerment (gsang-dbang, Skt. the empower- ment of discriminating pristine cognition (shes-rab ye-shes-kyi dbang, Skt. or third empowerment (dbang gsum-pa); and the empow-
erment of word and meaning (tshig-don-gyi dbang), also known as the fourth empowerment (dbang bzhi-pa, Skt. caturtha). The secret one is associated with the commitments such as enjoying the five meats and five nectars
without concepts of purity or impurity; the third is associated with conduct which concerns the consort embodying awareness (rig-ma, Skt. vidya); and the fourth is associated with the sameness of all things. See, e. g. , Mipham
Rinpoche, spyi-don 'od-gsal snying-po, p. 146; and Jamgon Kongtrul, shes-bya kun-khyab mdzod, Vol. 2, pp. 656-82. These empowerments are called "un- common" because they are revealed solely in the Unsurpassed Yogatantra. They are also referred to as the THREE PROFOUND EMPOWERMENTS. 347,
360, 913
THREE (IMPERISHABLE) INDESTRUCTIBLE REALITIES rdo-rje (mi-shigs-pa) gsum
Skt. trivajra
The indestructible reality of the buddha-body, speech and mind, which each
comprise tWO of the SIX PURE ESSENCES - the body being identified with earth and water, speech with fire and air, and mind with space and pristine cognition. Also known as the THREE SECRETS, 264, 594, 830, 853
e
thereish '
t e branch of rItual service which de 1
Three 115
THREE INDESTRUCTIBLE REALITIES, SERVICE AND A TT AINMENT OF rdo-ri gsum-gyi bsnyen-sgrub
. . to nuyoga, these are the ri d'
(ye Jl-bzhm-pa'i dkyil-'khor)' th p mor 1aI maI). 9
o
ala
According to the system of Orgyenpa, these are explained as follows: (1) training the body through the indestructible reality of the buddha-body,
amantabhadra (rang-b h' -h
f S z m l un-grub-kYI dkyil-'khor); and the
lus-Ia sbyang-ste sar-sdwl bsrryen-pa'i yan-Ia . ve ops composure (sku rdo-ries the mdestructible reality of the buddha-s the speech through ment associated with breath cont 1 ( ,p ech, IS the branch of attain- 'dzin sgrub-pa'iyan-lag)' and (3) t r? , gsungs rdo-ryes ngag-la sbyang-ste srog-
reality of the buddha-mind th mind through the indestructible ,h ' ereISteranchofg .
WIt recollection and contem I ' (
, reat attamment associated thugs rdo-ryes yid-l b
'
sgru -c en-gyl yan-lag). 853
P atIon
as 'Yang-ste dran-ting THREEgsIuNmNER CLASSES OF TANTRNTANTRAPITAKA nang-pa rgyud-sde (rnam-pa)
Mahayoga, Anuyoga and Ati 0 a Al
OF YOGA and the THREE JEHgI' so referred to as the THREE CLASSES
CLES OF INNER T
MEANS. 396-7,529-96, 604, 918 ANTRAS OF SKILFUL
THREE INTERRELATED ASPECTS OF IGNORANCE '
The ignorance of belief in individual selfhood " ,
the co-emergent ignorance (lh ' k
. an-cIg s 'Yes-pa'l ma ri p) d
(
bh
dag nYld gCIg-pU I ma-ng-pa) o t e Imaginary (kun-tu brtags-p " , - g- a an the ignorance
f h a I ma-ng-pa). 12, 54 THREE KINDS OF CONDUCT spyod-pa gsum
According to Anuyoga, these are consecration b l ' ,
t e overpowering of mund or essmg (bym-gyis rlob)
hf ki ane appearances (dban b ) , o S 1ful means (thabs-kyi spyod-pa). 369 g- sgyur and the conduct
THREE KINDS OF DIRECT PERCEPTION
D' mngon-sum gsum
1rect sensory perception (dban -p "
d' g 0 I mngon-sum Skt 'd'
. ,.
,aw areness 1e of0 ' .
1rect perception of intrinsic
m nyapratyaksa), the
rang-ng mngon-sum, Skt svasamv d , . . ne s own mental states
(of emptiness) by the yog'in ( '1- ,e and the direct perception
at canonical sources usually I' t C k'
th IS lOur mdsofdiret
'Yung-ba'i shes-rab, Skt. cintama f ra 'fia
-t} THREE KINDS OF LAYMAN dge-bsnyen gsum
rna b'Yor mngon-sum Skt '
t ese three intellectual dire t ' C perceptIOn, adding to h
pratyak$a), 102 c perception (blo'i mngon-sum, Skt. THREE KINDS OF DISCRIMINATIVE AWARENESS h
, 0 , (bsam-pa-las d1SCnmmatlve awareness born
The layman who takes one vow (i. e. not to kill) h
several vows (i. e, not to kill I ' ' t e layman who takes
takes fun vows (i. e. not to falsehood) and the layman who
prajfia
s es-rab gsum, Skt. trividha
? iscriminative awareness born of stud
srutamayfprajfia) discr1'm1'n t'
b ' a Ive awareness b f ' .
of meditation (bsgoms-pa-las by'Y p
277, 332, 722 ung a I s es-rab, Skt. bhavanamayfprajfia).
mtoxicated), 70 "
THREE KINDS OF MANDALA dkyil-'kh Accordin A"
he, commit sexual misconduct or be
or rnam-pa gsum
' e natural and spo t
of SamantabhadrI I
, . yoglpratyaksa). Note . '
- '
y (thos pa-las byung-ba'l shes-rab Skt
, n aneous y present mandala
'
116 Glossary ofEnumerations
of enlightened mind which is their offspring (rtsa-ba byang-chub
sems-kyi dkyil-'khor). 34, 284-6, 365-7
THREE KINDS OF MANTRA sngags gsum
Gnostic mantra (rig-sngags, Skt. vidyamantra), mantra (gzungs-sngags, Skt. dhara1Jfmantra) and secret mantra (gsang-sngags, Skt. guhyamantra). The dgongs-pa grub-pa'i rgyud says: "One should know that all mantra are divided into three classes: gnostic mantra which are the essence of skilful means, which are the essence of discriminative awareness and secret mantra which are the non-dual pristine cognition. " Thus are said to originate from the teachings of the Transcendent Perfection of Discriminative Aware- ness, gnostic mantra from the Kriyatantra and secret mantra from Mahayoga, Anuyoga and Atiyoga. 257
THREE KINDS OF (MUNDANE) AWARENESS-HOLDER rig-pa 'dzin-pa rnam gsum These are the lesser awareness-holder of the eight common accomplishments (las-chen brgyad grub-pa rig-pa 'dzin-pa chung-ngu); the middling common awareness-holder of the desire realm ('bring-ni 'dod-pa'i rig-pa 'dzin-pa phal- pa); and the greater awareness-holder of the desire and form realms (chen-po-ni 'dod-pa-dang gzugs-kyi rig-pa 'dzin-pa). 31,259
THREE KINDS OF PRISTINE COGNITION ye-shes rnam gsum, Skt. jnanalak$a1Ja- traya
According to the Sutra a/the Descent to Lanka, Ch. 3, these are the mundane ('jig-rten-pa'i ye-shes), supramundane ('jig-rten-las 'das-pa'i ye-shes) and most supramundane (shin-tu 'jig-rten-las 'das-pa'i ye-shes) pristine cognitions. An alternative enumeration given in Ch. 2ofthe same work refers to the following three characteristics of the pristine cognition of those who are sublime: (1) freedom from appearance (Skt. nirabhasalak$a1Ja); (2) sustaining power (Skt. adhi$? hanalak$a1Ja); and (3) realisation ofone's own sublime pristine cognition (Skt. pratyatmaryajnanagatilak$a1Ja). 180-1
THREE KINDS OF RITE cho-ga gsum
According to Mahayoga, these are the body (of the deity) in its entirety (sku
yongs-rdzogs), the speech in the form of seed-syllables (gsung yig-'bru) and the buddha-mind of concentration (thugs bsam-gtan). 279
THREE KINDS OF TANTRA rgyud rnam-pa gsum
These are the THREE CONTINUA as enumerated in the exegetical tradition
of the Guhyasamaja Tantra: the ground (gzhi), the nature (rang-bzhin) of the path and the inalienableness (mi-'phrog-pa) of the result. 262
THREE KINDS OF TANTRA (BELONGING TO UNSURPASSED YOGATANTRA) (bla- med) rgyud gsum
Father Tantra (pha-rgyud), Mother Tantra (ma-rgyud) and Non-Dual Tantra (gnyis-med rgyud). 362
THREE KINDS OF TRANSMITTED PRECEPT bka' gsum
Transmitted precepts given as oral teaching (gsungs-pa), given by consec-
Three
TBREEM ration or blessing (byin-gyis brlabs-pa) and given by mandate (rjes-su gnang- Ph
EN FROM KBAM kh . ams-pa ml gsum
ba). 74
akmotrupa, Karmapa Tusum
all students of Gampopa. 952 Khyenpa and Seltong Shogom, who were
THREE KINDS OF
(lunglshin-tu lkog-gyur-gyi and scrip-
t. agamapramaIJa). 73,
sramalJera) and the complete or ra;ya, the novitiate (dge-tshul, Skt.
Also referred to as the THREE STAG nun (bsnyen-rdzogs, Skt. upasampada)
·
DIrect perc .
117
VALID COGNITION tshad-ma gsum .
eptlOn (mngon-sum t h d
Inference ( implicit
, , THREE LEVELS OF ORDINATION h
The renunciate (rab-b agsum , IjIung, S k t prav ' - )
THREE LINEAGES b d
ES OF ORDINA .
rgyu -pa gsum
e IntentlOnal lineage of bUddhas
TION. 524
' .
T h ' .
and aural lineage of mundane lIneage of awareness-holders ua
THREE GREAT DESCENTS. 397 406 447 s. Referred to poetically as the
, , THREE AXIOMS (OF IMPLICIT INF
gsum, Skt. trflJi lingani
, 887, 968
ERENCE) (dngos-stobs rjes-dpag-gz)
. he of the result ('bras-bu'i t _ .
IdentIty (rang-bzhin-gi gtan-tshigs Skt. karyahetu), the axiom of
of the objective referent' and the axiom of the fllhetu) , 102, 839 mlgs-pa 1 gtan-tshigs, Skt. anupalab-
THREE LOWER CLASSES OF TANTRAfT
(bya-ba'i rgyud), Ubh:NTRAPITAKA rgyud-sde 'og-ma gsum
spyod-pa z rgyud) and Yogatantra or. Caryatantra (upa'i rgyud or
THREE OUT - IjIor-gyz ra'"ud) Al
ER TANTRAPITAKA 83 268 7 b . Y . so known as the
. " - 3, 348-57 . DS OF SUBLIME BEING ' h '
THREE LOWER KIN
PlOUS attendants (nyan-thos Skt ,_ p ags-pa og-ma gsum
Skt. pratyekabuddha) and self-centred bUddhas (rang-rgyal,
THREE L
OWER PITAKA sde-snod 'og-ma gsum
See THREE PITAKA
THREE (OF THE MANTRAS
As expounded in Ratnakarasanti
(byang-chub sems-dpa'). 175
tras are endowed with, the . ' Definitlve Ordero/lhe Three Vehz'cles m
ag-pa), the power of theI'r a d
Through accompl' h ' mnyes-pa gsum f b IS ment III meditativ .
odY and speech, and through through service by means THREE MEDIA sgo gsum offenngs. 655,658, 680, 871
ordinary body (Ius, Skt. kayalSarrf<
con uct (spyod-pa'i sa). 253 THREE MEANS TO DELIGHT THE GURU
o
(yzd, Skt. manas). 264, 304, 367
a), speech (ngag, Skt. vak) and mind
. ,
) khor gsum
d . punty of th' . ,
an- ' elr vIsualisation (dmigs-pa rnam p
SSIstance (gro k ' - ar 'gS- yz mthu) and the level of their
118 Glossary ofEnumerations
THREE MOVEMENTS wrfH REFERENCE TO THE FOUR SYLLABLES yi-ge bzhi-la
mi-sdad-pa gsum
According to Khetsun Zangpo Rinpoche, this refers to the destabilisation of the three syllables 0"" AH and HDM within the central channel of the body when the inner heat rises from the syllable VAM during the practice
of inner heat (gtum-mo), 548
THREE NEIGHS OF HAYAGRIVA rta-mgrin-gyi rta-skad thengs gsum
These are the THREE CONTINUA of ground, path and result. Alternatively: (1) the neigh which arouses the world to the unborn identity of sa'! 's. ra and
nir
offering to repay karmic debts (gsob); and (3) the neigh which then enlists the support of beings and binds them under an oath of allegiance. 361
THREE OBSCURA TIONS sgrib-pa gsum, Skt. trt1Jyavara1Jani
The obscurations of the knowable, of conflicting emotions and of propen-
sities. AlternativelY, the third may be absorption in trance. 469
de
THREE OUTER T ANTRAPIT AKA phyi rgyud-s
These are the THREE LOWER CLASSES OF T ANTRA, 273
THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALEcTICS phyi mtshan-nyid theg-pa gsum
The vehicles of pious attendants (nyan-thos-kyi theg-pa, Skt. iravakayana),
self-centred buddha (rang-rgyal-gyi theg-pa, Skt. pratyekabuddhayana) and s
CLES, they are explained in Fundamentals, (pp. 151_237). 83,454,618,671, 911
THREE PHASES OF LIFE skye-ba rim-pa gsum
These are the phases from conception in the womb to the moment of birth
(mngal-du skye-ba bzung-pa-naS btsas-pa'i bar), from the moment of birth to adult maturity (btsas-nas nar-son-pa'i bar) and from adult maturity to old age
(nar-Son-nas rgan-po'i bar), 34, 278-81
THREE PITAKNTRIPITAKA sde-snod gsum, Skt. tripifaka
The Vinayapi\aka Cdul-ba'i sde-snod), Siitrapi\aka (mda'i sde-snod) and
Abhidharmapi! aka (chos mngon-pa'i sde-snod). Also referred to as the THREE LOWER PITAKA. 76, 78-80, 203, 259, 405, 428, 429, 436, 437, 441, 468,
experience of reality and enables one to ' , eThree 119 posture of a sage Whl'chrests m' the see wa' h lotus eyes' (3) th crouchm' g
appearances, and enables one to see body emanates reality as
THREE PRECIOUS JE 1 t e eyes of reality. 907 WELS dkon-mcho
va
1)a; (2) the neigh which offers animate and inanimate worlds as a feast
THREE PRESENCES sdod P , , - a gsum
:his, the second of the FOUR C
mstructions on All-Surpassing nONS according to the esoteric
khrtd-yig ye-shes bla-ma lIon, IS explamed as follows in Jik sarpsara are purified by , 49a-b: (1) the bewildering th h me &ya-ba-Ia . _ presence ill which there' . oug ts of of fl ml gnas-par Sllod-pas 'khor-ba'i 'kh I IS no boddy aClIvity (Ius . uctuatmg thought cease b me ru -rtog dag); (2) the conditions
m vital energy (r/ung presence in which there is no cI? ' (3) the extent of the buddh fi ,sdod-pas rnam-rtog gYo-ba'i k
whICh t h e ' . . a- lelds IS reached b r yen , . re IS no hesllallon or doubt r e ' y means of presence in
as
511,560,619,888 THREE POISONS dug gsum
I,TIES de-kho-na-nyl'dgsum
prabhasirpha's Commenta e ecret Nucleus, as explained in -
gsum
e s-par-byed), 343 These are the THRE a - ang gsum
(byang-chub sems-dpa'i theg-pa, Skt. bodhisattvayana). Also refer-
THREE PROMULGATIONS OF THE DOCTRINAL W See THREE (SUCCESSIVE) PRO
HEEL chos-'khor gsum
bodhisattv
red to as the THREE CAUSAL VEHICLES, the THREE CLASSES OF DlALEC· TICS, the THREE VEHICLES and poetically as the THREE GUIDING VEHI·
NAL WHEEL
MULGA TIONSrrURNINGS
OF T
HE DOCTRI-
s These are the THREE CONFLICTING EMOTIONS of desire Cdod-chag , Skt. raga), hatred (zhe-sdang, Skt. dvqa) and delusion (gti-mug, Skt. moha). 18,
uncreated reality whi h . ry the Secret Nucleus, pp. 2-3 th Surya- reality which isth c IS t e causal basis of the man ' ese are the
24, 33, 34, 55, 77, 88, 159, 229, 273, 277 THREE POSTURES'dug-stangs gsum
According to the Penetration of Sound: (1) the posture of the lion which rests in the buddha-body of reality frees one from all fears of bewilderment and enables one to see with eyes of indestructible reality; (2) the posture of the
as a c h ' f mind. 0
e spontaneous Samantabhad d . <,Iala, the resultant
seed-syllables and is the causal r:a:7s t e secret enlIghtened
elephant which rests in the buddha-body of perfect rapture brings about the
Buddha (sangs-rgyas) th d gsum, Skt. triratna (d 'd ' e octnne (chos Sk d
ge- un, Skt. san:zgha). 59, 69-70 743, 862, 970, 973
, 1 . harma) and the communit
' 95, 203, 350, 468, 523, 583, 592 70:;
phrzgs-med-par sdod-pas zhing-kh
hgardmg appearances (snang-ba 'd ams ts ad-la ph b ar-
THREE PROFOUND E
MPOWERMENTS z b db
347,701 E HIGHER SUPREME UNCOMMON EMPOWERMENTS.
THREE PROVINCES OF TIBET bod 'ch l k Th h 0 -
a gsum
e tree districts of Ngan"m Upp
and Amdo and Kham in Lower Tibet including Tsang,
THREE PURITIES (OF KRIY AT ANTRA) da -
Thepurityofd ' gpagsum eIty and mantra' the '
T'b
the purity of mantra and of substances and rapture; and
THREE PURITIES (OF M A W n. o AYOGA) dag-pa gsum
,295-6,349
ne of the FOUR AXIOMS OF MA -
outer world (snod dag-pa), the urit consisting of the purity of th
(beud dag-pa) and th . p yofllSmnercontenIS i e r . e for . e punty of the com ' . . Ivmg crearures
mmg the mind-stream (rgyud-rnams bases and activity fields
THREE REAL
Accordmg to the 71 'antra of th S
gpa). 275-6
THREE REALMS khams gsum Skt t 'dh- S ' ,rz atu
ee THREE (WORLD) REALMS
.
I I ' Enumerations
120 Glossary OJ _ t hangs-ris-Ia-sogs-pa gsum
HMAKAYIKA s h'
. ) Brahmapuro Ita THREE REALMS BEGIN of Brahma (tshangs-ns-pa_' h _ or Great
NING WITH BRA
Brahmakayika or Stratum 'don) and Mahabra rna
final transmitted precepts (bka' tha-ma). 18, 188 THREE SUFFERINGS sdug-bsngal gsum, Skt.
Three 121
Brahma are the levels realised through the Brahma (tshangs-pa chen-p), dang-po). 14, 61
first concentratl. on (bsam-gtan
THREE ROOTS rtsa-ba gsum . . al deity (yi-dam, Skt. evata
847 855d -) and <;lakinI ,
The suffering of change ('gyur-ba'i sdug-bsngal, Skt.
the suffering of propensities ('du-byed-kyi sdug-hsngal, SkI. sa'1'Skiira-
and the suffering of suffering or pain itself (sdug-bsngal-gi sdug- bsngal, Skt. 419
THREE SUPERIORS (OF KATOK) (kalJ-thog) gong-rna gsu", Katokpa Tampa Deshek, TsangtOnpa and Campabum.
698
THREE SUPPORTIVE ESSENTIALS OF THE BODY bca'-ha lus-kYi mad gsu", According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE POSTURES
of lion, elephant and sage. Refer to Longcenpa, Treasury of the Supreme Vehicle, Vol. 2, (p. 280). 338
THREE SUPREME EMANATIONS mchog-gi sPrul-sku gsum
Nyang-rel Nyima OZer, Guru ChOwang and Rikdzin Giidemcen. Refer to
7]a5m5,y7a6n0g, K78h0y,en9t3s4e, Mkkyen brtse on the History ofthe Dhanna, (pp. 41-2). THREE TIMES dus gsum, Skt. trikdla
The past (,das-pa, SkI. atita), present (da-Ita-ba, Skt. Vortamiina) and future (ma-'ongs-pa, Skt. aniigata). 157-8, 276,308, 316, 320, 334,414,453, 633
THREE TRADtTIONS OF BODHISATTVA VOW bka'-srvl gsum-pa'i byang-sems-kyi sdom-rgyun
According to Terdak Lingpa's Record ofTeachings Received, Pp. 15-16, these are the tradition of Mafijusri via Nagarjuna and Candrakirti; the tradition of Maitreya via Asafiga and Vasubandhu; and the tradition of Manjusrl via
Santideva. All three were gathered together by Longcenpa. 729, 827 THREE TRADITIONS OF THE MENTAL CI. ASS sems-sde lugs gsarn
The Rong tradition in Central Tibet, the Kham tradition in East Tibet and the original cycles (skor) of the Mental Class. 827
THREE TRADITIONS OF PACIFICATION zhi-byed lugs-gsa,.
The Ma, So and Kham traditions. Referto Blue Annals, (pp. 867-979). 657
THREE TRAININGS bslab-pa gsum, Skt. See THREE (CORRECT) TRAININGS
bl a) mednatlon
The guru ( a-m, (mkha'-'gro-ma). 376, 555,
586 676, 748, 823, ,
h
Either Impunty, PRECEPTS, m WhlC t e RANSMITTED 71
h -rgya gsum
THREE SEALS P yag impermanence and suffenng; orht :
IVE OF THE T .
the fourth (nirvaI? a IS pea
b CRETS gsang- a gsu
ce) are combined.
THREE SE REE IMPERISHABLE These are the TH m . d 853 buddha-body, speech and mm .
INDESTRUCTIBLE
ERS OF THE SAMGHA) . or alternatively
THREE SPHERES.
The subject, oblect and THREE SPHERES (
'khor-lo gsum h
( grub-pa) and work (las),
'khor gsum,
Sk t 'mandala 1. n . .
588 619 ,
their interaction. 316,
OF ACTIVITY ON THE PART OF MEMB
.
Exegesis Cbs ad-pa), attammden(tslosb-pa) and work. 720, 724, 736,
738 783 , ,
Skt tribhavaltribhuvana
. ' . h surface world of
,. 1'1 snd-pa an humans (sa 1 steng m1 405 971 973
'dpa) 45 212,30, , , Srl - . ,
renunCl. at1' 0n (spang-ba), stu y 824, 835, 840, 852
XISTENCE) srid/sa gsum,
THREE SPHERES (OF of the nagas (sa-'og klu'l (gnam-steng lha'i The nether wor . . . ) d the upper wor
THREE STAGES OF OR
h THREE LEVEL
These are t e
S OF ORDINA TION. 618
hra-ba gsum
. nod-pa DINATION tshig(s)-gsum nm
INE COGNITIONS ye-shes p
THREE SUBTLE PRIST gnition of appearances (snang-bi' e spyi-Mn '00-
m tiness (slOng-pa) The subtle pnstme co " ) Refer to Mipham mp ,
d their coalescence (zung- Jug. 194) 342
gsal snying-po, (p.
PROMULGA TIO
an
EL OF THE DOCTRINAL WHE
.
NSrrURNINGS
THREE (SUCCESSIVE) Skt triparivartadharmaca h . ntermediate
krapravartana
chos-'khor (rim-pa) gsum, (chos-'khor dang-po), t ! romUlgation
l-HREE TURNINGS OF THE DOCTRINAL WHEEL (OF THE CAUSAL VEHICLES)
The first promulgation 'ichos-'khor)and is7,425,896 promulgationatVulture,khortha-ma). 17,23-4,28,76" ,.
See THREE (SUCCESSIVE) PROMULGATION&TURNINGS OF THE DOC- TRINAL WHEEL
THREE TYPES OF DEEDS las gsurn-po, Skt.
Virtuous (bsod-narns, Skt. kutala), unvirtuous (bsod-narns rna-yin-pa, Skt.
akuta/a) and indeterminate (lung rna-bstan, Skt. avYiikrta). 56 THREE TYPES OF EMANATIONAL BODY spml-sku rnarn gsarn
in indefinite realms (chas PROMULGA TIONS
THREE SUCCESSIVE
.
OF
THE
TRANSMI
TTED PRECEPTS bka , VE PROMULGA-
.
E SUCCESS!
The teachings which namely, the and the
rim-po gsum
d to the THRE
. d precepts
TIONS OF THE diate transmitted precepts (bka' dang-po), the mterme
.
OUR SEALS INDICAT- (selflessness) and
REALITIES of
rgyu'i chos-'khor gsum
Emanations of natural expression (rang-bzhin sPruJ-pa), emanations which
122 Glossary ofEnumerations
train living beings (,gro-'dul sprul-pa) and diversified emanations (sna-tshogs
sprul-pa), 21, 128
THREE TYPES OF SCRUTINY (OF PURE SCRIPTURAL AUTHORITY) (dag-pa'i lung-gi)
dpyad gsum
As impurities are ascertained by the process of burning, cutting and polishing, so too are the scriptures to be critically investigated. Refer to Tattvasan:zgraha, vv. 3340-4, which compares the study of the Buddha's words by means of inference, scriptural authority and example to the purifi- cation of gold by burning, cutting and polishing. 102
THREE UNCOMPOUNDED ENTITIES 'dus-ma-byas gsum, Skt. trividham asan:z- skrtam
According to the these are space (nam-mkha', Skt. akiiSa), the cessation of corruption due to individual scrutiny (so-sor brtags-pas 'gog-pa, Skt. pratisan:zkhyanirodha) and the cessation (of the future arising of any object) independent ofindividual scrutiny (brtags-min-gyi 'gog-pa, Skt. aprati- san:zkhyanirodha). 157
THREE UNCORRUPTED PATHS zag-pa med-pa'i lam gsum, Skt. traya andsrava-
The path of insight (mthong-Iam, Skt. darsanamarga), the path of meditation (bsgom-Iam, Skt. bhdvandmarga) and the final path (mthar-Iam, Skt. nigha- marga). 281
THREE UNMOVING ST A TES mi-'gul-ba gsum
These are the first of the FOUR CONSOLIDA TIONS of All-Surpassing Reali- sation. They are described in Jikme Lingpa, khrid-yig ye-shes bla-ma, p. 49a, as follows: (1) without moving from the postures of the body, the energy channels and currents are relaxed of their own accord (Ius bzhag-stang-Ias mi-'gul-bas rtsa-riung rang-dal); (2) without moving from the gazes of the eyes, appearances are enhanced (mig gzigs-stangs-Ias mi-'gul-bas snang-ba'i 'phel-'dzin); and (3) without moving from the state of the unfabricating mind, the expanse and awareness are integrated (sems bzo-med-Ias mi-'gul-bas dbyings-rig zung-du chud-par-byed). 343
THREE VEHICLES theg-pa gsum, Skt. triydna
These refer either to the THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALECTICS of the pious attendants, self-centred buddhas and bodhisattvas, or to the vehicle which directs (or uproots) the cause of suffering (kun-'byung 'dren-pa), the vehicle ofaustere awareness (dka'-thub rig-pa) and the vehicle ofoverpowering means (dbang-bsgyur thabs-kyi theg-pa). 17,81-3,174, 190, 197,285,425
THREE VEHICLES OF INNER T ANTRAS OF SKILFUL MEANS nang-rgyud thabs-kyi theg-pa gsum
These are the THREE INNER CLASSES OF TANTRA. 84
THREE VEHICLES OF THE OUTER T ANTRAS OF AUSTERE AWARENESSphyi thub- pa rgyud-kyi theg-pa gsum
The Kriyatantra, Ubhayatantra or Caryatantra, and Yogatantra vehicles. 81, 84, 269, 286, 346, 348-57
Three-Four 123
'J'ang-sems-kyi sdom-pa, Sk samaya), 78, 300, 302, 827, 831, 861 gsang-sngags-kyi dam-tshlg, Skt.
THREE WAYS TO BRING FORTH THE F
gsum Run OF THE INSTRUCTIONS btsa'-lugs
According to Pawo Tsuklak T h
pp, 223-4, based on the ,Scholar's Feast ofDoctn'nal History the that is like the are: (1) to bring forth
(2) to bnng forth the harvest that' l'ker clanfy all satpsara and nirvana'
of all vehicles; (3) and to bring C hIS hI e t e heart because it is the 't' h lon teharvesttht'l'k
THREE vows sdom-pa gsum Skt ,
'
, tnsamvara
T h e pratimoksa (so-thar) b dh' '
bodh"
,lsattva vows (b\l
o lsauvasamvara) and '
mantra vows (
t.
1 IS t e root of all things, 539
THREE WAYS OF ENTERING (THE LIBERATI
A W ARENESS) 'jug-pa rnam gsum NG
a IS 1 e life itself because
OF DISCIMINA TIVE
P A TH
, nuyoga, these are the mind wh' h '
According to A
Ideas and scrutiny (rtoa-d'PJ\lod k " , IC enters mto the pursuit of , 0 . J - Ylryes-su';u-p" 'd) ,
mto the pursuit of truth (d " a 1Yl ,the mmd which enters
, On-gyl ryes-su ';u -p" 'd)
enters mto the pursuit of seed-syllabI THREE W A YS OF THE W es ISE mkhas-tshul gsum
(y' g "a Yl the mind which l-ge 1 ryes-su '. ;ug-pa'iyid). 286-7
Teaching ('chad-pa), debate (rtsod- a)
THREE WH P and compOSItIOn (rtsom-pa). 731
EELS OF THE DOCTRINE chos-kyi 'khor l Thedoct . h' -0 gsum
nnes w Ich respectively concern the '
the absence of characteristics and the defi ' . mIddle ",,:ay and the four truths,
CESSIVE) PROMULGA TIONSrru THREE
nWve meanmg. See THREE (SUC- RNINGS OF THE DO
CTRINAL WHEEL
(WORLD) REALMS (';'ig-rten-gyij kh
The desire realm ('dod-p " kh ams gsum, Skt. tn{lokajdhdtu Sk - a 1 ams, Skt. kdmadhdtu) fI
1. rupadhatu) and formless realm (gzu s-m _ " o r m realm (gzugs-khams, 13,31,38,51,56,73,202,259 302 ed kYl khams, Skt. arnpyadhatu), 575, 907, 930 ' , , 337, 339-40, 363,418,490, 491,
THREE YOGAS (OF ANUYOGA) mal 'b
T - gsum
hese are explained in Fundamentals, pp, 285-6 TRIO OF THE G
URU, GREA T
bla-rdzogs-thugs gsum
PERFECTION
A
. GREA T
Refer to Hi t (
s ory, p. 396 and n. 934). 724 764 765
FOUR
FOUR ACTIVn y FIELDS skye-mched bzh '
See FOUR FOUR A
_ _
1, Skt. catvary ayatandni
FORMLESS REALMS
SPECTS OF TRAINING IN THE
MEDnATION) phyag-rgya spros_bcas_l:LbAsIBbORATbE ,SEAL (OF MAHA. YOGA
The ' l' ,
VIsua of maI). <;ialas (dk il-'kh
a -pa Zhl
' ,
or), clusters of deItIes (tshom-bu)
numbers of denies (grangs) and th
279-80 e aces and arms of the deities
ND
COMP ASSIONA TE ONE
,791,821,827,881
, ,
, .
124 Glossary ofEnumerations h'
Skt
. (dgra-bcom-pa), nuns (dge-slong-
FOUR BASIC SCHOOLS rtsa-ba'i sde-pa bzhi
The Mahasanghika, Sthavira, Sammitlya and M11lasarvastivadin. 429
FOUR BRANCHES OF RITUAL SERVICE AND ATTAINMENT bsnyen-sgrub yan- lag bzhi, Skt. caturangasevasadhana
Ritual service (bsnyen-pa, Skt. seva) entails the recitation of mantra and one-pointed prayerful devotion to a deity that is visualised; further ritual service (nye-bar bsnyen-pa, Skt. upaseva) entails the prayer that the deity's blessings will descend, transforming the mundane body, speech and mind into the three syllables of indestructible reality; attainment (sgrub-pa, Skt. sadhana) entails that accomplishments are absorbed from the sugatas of the ten directions into the deity and thence into oneself, either in actuality, meditation or dreams; and great attainment (sgrub-chen, Skt. mahasadhana) is the ultimate realisation of beginningless primordial purity which is experi- enced when body, speech and mind are identical to the deity. This is the inner significance of the ritual ceremonies and elaborate dance routines con- tained within the sgrub-chen. Also referred to as the FOUR UNIONS. 280, 297, 494, 847, 903
FOUR BUDDHA-BODIES sku bzhi, Skt.
The body of reality (chos-sku, Skt. dharmakaya), the body of perfect rapture (longs-spyod rdzogs-pa'i sku, Skt. sambhogakaya), the emanational body (sprul- pa'i sku, Skt. nirmalJakaya) and the body of their essentiality (ngo-bo-nyid-kyi sku, Skt. svabhavikakaya). 19,288, 369, 923
FOUR CASES WHEN THE TEACHING SHOULD BE GRANTED sbyin-pa'i gnas bzhi According to Pawo Tsuklak Trhengwa, Scholar's Feast ofDoctrinal History, pp. 223-4, which quotes the Biography of Vairocana: (1) the texts, comment- aries and esoteric instructions should be given to one who is faithful, gentle, even-tempered and steadfast; (2) teaching should be given completely and openly to a recipient who is noble and of long standing; (3) teaching should be given and entrusted earnestly to the faithful who request it; and (4) teaching should be given with enthusiasm to those of faith who have little discriminative awareness. 539
FOUR CASES WHEN THE TEACHING SHOULD NOT BE GRANTED mi-sbyin-pa'i gnas bzhi
According to the same text cited above: (1) teaching should not be given to those who are extremely aggressive, faithless or loquacious; (2) teaching should not be given to those who have little faith, perseverance and dis- criminative awareness, or who are partial in their desire for long exegeses and commentaries; (3) teaching should not be given to those who diminish other doctrines by making long notations and not meditating; and (4) the faithless who seek the doctrine for the sake of wealth should be investigated from the position of the faithful and then abandoned. 539
FOUR CATEGORIES OF THE SPATIAL CLASS klong-sde bzhi
These are: (1) the Black Space propounded as the Absence of Causes (klong nag-po rgyu-med-du smra-ba); (2) the Variegated Space propounded as Divers- ity (klong khra-bo sna-tshogs-su smra-ba); (3) the White Space propounded as
ma Monks (dge-slong, Skt. or Skt upasaka) and laywomen (dge-bsnyen-
FOUR ASSEMBLIES 'khor-bz
Skt. laymen (dge-bsnyen,
- 'k -\ Also referred to as ma, Skt. upas1 a).
,
FOUR ASSURANCES gdeng bZ,hi , hrid- ig ye-shes bla-ma, pp. 53a-b, ,the According to Jikme Lmgpa s k Y ATIONS of All-Surpassing fourth and last of the FOUR CONSOLID h ne has heard of the suffenng of
'sts of (1) the assurance that, thoug 0, f their lives therein and so cons1 . " the duration 0
beings in the three eVIl eXIstenCe,s" s because one has directly deter-
C rth one is unafraid of these eVIl eXlstefnce the beginning in the intrinsic 10, , . nknown rom
mined that u without the possIbIlity 0
f ' 0 ful or sorrowful experiences (ngan-song J Y h -kyang rang-ngo gdod-nas
FOUR ORDERS. 74, 423, 426
nature, h
gsum-gyi ts e-ts ashes-b a-la mi-srid-par thag-chod-pas ngan-
'khrul mi-shes-pa'l thog-tu bde-sdug Y
"d \. (2)theassuran
ce that one does not have to
-
-la bag mi-tsha-ba 1 g eng), song ,
ire towards the maturation 0 asp
d' I lrect y
h d la-sogs-pa t os
reached the of
does not exist (ng-pa gZh1 thog tu P b " gdeng\' (3) the assurance that,
S'V'
't
towards the obJec,t of I characteristics (chos-nyid gzh1-I
'ng been so liberate haVl ,
becauset emrv . "d'I
du'ang med-pa gzhi thog-tu phebs- as g
gdeng). 343,372
FOUR ATTRACTIVE QUALITIES OF sa11Jgrahavastu ,
s bh' Skt z 1,
catuh-
These are liberality (sbym-pa, Skt.
, ana) purposeful activity
Skt, pnyavac, harmony (don mthun-pa,
eXon-spyod-pa, Skt. arthacarya) and Skt samanavihara). 633
. ,
h' Skt caturabhisambodh1 .
It in that one has
the mere name of
d
whereupon even ,
f the cause an
resu
hebs-pa-Ia 'khor-ba ming-tsam-du ang ma-
, min-Ia ma-re- a1 ) ' d ' m"'Jlb-pas rgyu- bras rnam-s d f l'ty there is no nee to aspu
e
d' thegroun 0 rea1 , bl' ' m h ' ana wherein mere ISS IS
a experienced is mdlVl _u:'i m ang-'das rang-mtshan-pa med-pas thob-
l-nas 'di-tsam-du bde 0 snyam P y that though one has heard gro " d )' and (4) the assurance, r 'I
bya-Ia re-ba med-pa 1 g en. g , , he fields of the conquerors are lmlt that the enlightened attnbutes m t b ause one has reached the ground m one's delight is purified in san:eness t even a hair's breadth, from the
which the buddhas are no dlfferen, khams-Iayon-tan tshad-med-par awareness that is one's own essehncde sangs-rgyas rgyu spu'i rtse-mo tsam,-,
ngo rig-pa-Ias t a- a 'd du dag-pa 1 thos-kyang rang- b d a'-brod mnyam-pa-nY1 -
A BODHISATTVA bsdu-dngo
-na) leasant speech (snyan-par
FOUR AWAKENINGS mngon-byang bz 1, . GS omitting the first, i. e. emptI- These are similar to the FIVE seed-syllables of speech
They are the lunar throne (z a-g " d (thugs phyag-mtshan) and t e the symbolic implements 0 mm
y1g- bru), f h deity (sku yongs-rdzogs). 279
perfect body 0 t e
FOUR AXIOMS (OF MAHAYOGA) gtan-tshigs bzhi HREE PURITIES OF MAHAYOGA, The FOUR KINDS OF identity (bdag-nyid chen-po). the FOUR MODES OF SAMENESS an
34, 275-6
1- tar
. ,
Four 125
126 GlossaryofEnumerations . .
b . (4) and the Infinite Space m WhICh the Mind (klong dkar-po rab-'byams rgyu-'bras la-bzla-ba).
FOUR CONDITIONS OF BEWILDERMENT rkyen bzhi'i 'khrul-pa/'khrul-pa'i rkyen bzhi
The causal condition (rgyu'i rkyen, Skt. hetupratyaya) which is the THREE INTERRELA TED ASPECTS OF IGNORANCE, the referential condition (dmigs- pa'i rkyen, Skt. alambanapratyaya) which is the appearances, the possessive condition (bdag-po'i rkyen, Skt. adhipatipratyaya) which is the ego, and the immediate condition (de-ma-thag-pa'i rkyen, Skt. samanantarapratyaya) which is their present conjunction. 54-5
FOUR CONDITIONS OF SA1\;1SARA 'khor-ba'i rkyen bzhi See preceding entry
FOUR CONSOLIDA TIONS mtha'-rten bzhi
According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE UNMOVING
STATES, the THREE PRESENCES, the THREE ATTAINMENTS and the FOUR ASSURANCES. 343
FOUR CONTINENTS gling bzhi, Skt. caturdvfpa
Surpassing the Body (lus-'phags, Skt. Purvavideha) in the east, Rose-Apple Continent (,dzam-bu-gling, Skt. Jambudvfpa) in the south, Enjoyer of Cattle (ba-glang spyod, Skt. Aparagodanfya) in the west and Unpleasant Sound (sgra mi-snyan, Skt. Uttarakuru) in the north. 14,56,60,131,409,438,515,577
FOUR CORRECT TRAININGS yang-dag spong bzhi, Skt.
The aspiration that sinful, non-virtuous attributes, which have not arisen, may not be developed; the aspiration that sinful, non-virtuous attributes which have arisen may be renounced; the aspiration that virtuous attributes which have not arisen may be developed; and the aspiration that virtuous attributes which have arisen may remain and be unchanging and entirely perfect in the future; Mvt. (958-61). 236
FOUR CREATIVE STAGES (OF THE PATH OF CUTTING THROUGH RESISTANCE)
(khregs-chod) lam-gyi bskyed-rim bzhi
The abiding state (gnas), the unwavering state (mi-gYo), sameness (mnyam- nyid) and spontaneous presence (lhun-gyis grub). 371
FOUR CYCLES (OF THE GREA T PERFECTION) rdzogs-chen (skor bzhi)
The Outer, Inner, Secret and Unsurpassedly Secret cycles of the Esoteric Instructional Class. 332, 498, 501
FOUR DECEASES 'da'-ka-ma bzhi
According to Khetstin Zangpo Rinpoche, these are the decease in which appearances have been transformed according to the vase empowerment (bum-dbang-gi snang-ba 'da'-ka-ma); the decease that is the yoga of the seminal point according to the secret empowerment (gsang-dbang thig-le mal-'byor 'da'-ka-ma); the decease that is the mode of the body's death according to the discriminating awareness empowerment (lus-kyi 'chi-lugs sher-dbang 'da'- ka-ma); and the decease according to the fourth empowerment (dbang bzhi- pa'i 'da'-ka-ma). 923
FOUR DELIGHTS dga'-ba bzhi
On the path of desire (chags-lam) or skilful means (thabs-lam), the practice
Cause and Result are Determmed g 326-7
FOUR
Pa'i dam-ts 19 z l
. 1 b h· Skt catvari cakrant
FOUR CENTRES 'khor- 0 z l, . . . . bde-chen-gi 'khor-lo, Skt. maha- The forehead centre of great rapture (mgrin-pa
sukhacakra); the throat °h Pheart centre of the doctrme (snymg-ka
'khor-lo, Skt. sambhogacakra) , t e. d h navel centre of emanation (lte-ba · 'khor-lo Skt dharmacakra) , an t e
chos-kyl , .
,. 'khor-lo Skt. nirmal! acakra).
286 368
,
spru1-pa l , FOUR CENTRES OF MA
These are the secret centre of the g 1( ·d-pa'i 'khor-lo); the cuttmg . cted wlth the nave sn h
,. NjUSRI THE BODY Jam-
I )
s attendants The arhats among t e plOU h b
These are t e COMMITMENT
. (OF ANUYOGA)
h·
d SOTRAsgal-monges-
kh bmdzodV o1. 2,Pp·18 ··1 hsbyakun- ya,
S
DEFINITIVE
b h·
on
these are the commitments of utter pun
According to Jamg
. d and entire perceptual range. 367
mm
COMMITMENTS TO C. ONTINUITY
OF CONDUCT
dpal-gyi sku 'khor-lo bzhl
bidin nature of mind (gnas-kyi 'khor-. o ;
the centre of eXIstenCe conne f h d ·ty (gcod-pa'i 'khor-Io); and t e d ·ththearms0 te el ( 1 ,.
d . h h legs and feet of the deity spru -pa l WIt t e
'khor-lo). 361
FOUR CLASSES OF pAKINIS ng d-k· - of the four peripheral enhght-
centre connecte WI
centre of emanation connecte
- - . s-bzhi mkha'-'gro-ma
.
. ·1·. d Buddha or VaJra famIIes, '"' . kh·- ened families, l. e. t e ewe, f' h . classes i.
THREEFOLD REFUGE skyabs-gsum, Skt. trisaralJa
This refers to refuge in the THREE PRECIOUS JEWELS. 69, 728
THREE GA THERINGS 'du-ba gsum
The gathering of people during the day (nyin-mor mi 'du-ba), the gathering
of <;! akinls by night (mtshan-mor mkha'-'gro 'du-ba) and the gathering of material resources at all times (rtag-tu zas-nor 'du-ba), 851
THREE GAZES lta-stangs gsum
By gazing upwards at the urlJakesa, the eye of reality perceives the buddha- body of reality and propensities are removed. By gazing sideways, the eye of pristine cognition perceives the buddha-body of perfect rapture and so sarpsara and nirvaIfa are blended in a common savour. By gazing downwards, the eye of discriminative awareness perceives the emanational body and so arrives at the appearance of pristine cognition. 907
THREE GENERAL COMMITMENTS spyi'i dam-tshig gsum
According to Kriyatantra, in the Secret Tantra ofGeneral Rites, these are the commitments of taking refuge (skyabs-su 'gro-ba), generating the enlightened mind of aspiration (smon-pa'i sems bskyed) and the bodhisattva vow (byang-
THREE
ESSENCELESS
NA TURES
( ECT) TRAININGS yang-
Moral discipline (tshul-khnms, ,1. a '( ' d I' e medItatlOn
sems,
Skt citra), 70-1,73,79,88, '
Skt. prajiiii) and mm , ' , 322, 403, 707, 879, 898
THREE CORRUPTIONS
The corruption of desIre (do g " _ a) 472 zag-pa) and the corruption of VIew (lta-ba 1 zag P .
, d -b um Skt, , THREE COUNCILS bka -bs u a gs the first was convened in In
ka' and'the third was convened unng ,
the reign of 428-30
GHTENMENT byang-chub gsum, Skt. bodhuraya
THREE ESSENTIAL NA TURES mts
Skt.
h 'd gsumlngo-bo-nyid gsumlrang-bzhzn gsum, an-nYl
" ) h d pendent (gzhan-dbang,
'i za -pa), the corruption ofrebirth (srid-pa'i
According to the Tibetan tradltl°fin, 1 ' ana' the second was convened at ' theBuddha'smamrv,· d'
the year f011owmg, . , Vaisall during the reIgn of VlgataSO
,
THREE DEGREES OF ENLI , d b the pious attendants, self-centred
The level of enlightenment attame Y buddhas and bodhisattvas. 414
THREE DISTRICTS ljongs gsum . Sikkim (i. e. Dremojong), KhenpaJong an
d Lungsumjong. 518
THREE DIVINE REALMS lha-gnas 15 these are the FIVE PURE ABODES OF As outlined in the chart on pp. - , T Y FORM REALMS and the realms THE FORM REALMS, the TWELVEORDINAR
of the SIX SPECIES OF KAMA DIVINITIES, 458
TRES chos-'khor gnas gsum
THREE DOCTRINAL CEN d k PI 38 40 100-1; 838
Samye Lhasa Jokhang and Trha ru. s. , ,
THREE (OF PURE DEITIES OF RELATIVE APPEARANCE)
(kun-rdzob dag-pa'i lha) ngs gsum h T h-gata family (de-bzhin gshegs-pa'i
According to Kriyatantra, t)e da\:e VaJ'ra family or family of In-
L f mily (padma 1 ngs an rigs), the otus a ," '
destructible Reality (rdo-rye 1 ngs). 270,
ngo-bo-nyid-med-pa gsum,
Skt pankalpua, tee Skt. paratantra) and the absolu,te '. ( '
D. T. Suzuki, Studies in the Lankavatara Sutw, pp. 160-1, 170-2, 182-3,216
TOW ARDS THE
, k b
The imagmary ( un- r t a g s , . b Skt parinispanna). See, e. g. ,
THREE ESSENTIALS WHICH GUIDE (THE
pa dbyings-kyi gnad gsum d 'd
These are the THREE GAZES -
s and downwards - which
346 349-50 ,
' o f the THREE ESSENTIAL
These are the lack of mherent 'th respect to characteristIC
namely, absence ,of su :t1e (paramartha). 219-20 productlOn (utpa a an ,
EYES)
EXP ANSE
upwar s, Sl eway
Skt
.
trividhii
154-'63). 24-6,28, 154,
'khrid-
Three 113
114 Glossary ofEnumerations
chub sems-dpa'i sdom-pa) which is the enlightened mind of engagement or
entrance ('jug-pa'i sems-bskyed). 350
THREE GENERAL STYLES OF EXEGESIS spyi-don rnam gsum
This is the second of the FOUR STYLES of appraisal of the secret mantra
a
texts which (1) counters regret for entering into the sutras, etc. (mdo-sogs-l zhugs-pa'i 'gyod-pa zlog-pa); (2) counters regret for entering the inner mantras, etc, (sngags-nang-pa-la zhugs-pa'i 'gyod-zlog); and (3) conveys the general
meaning of the creation stage (bskyed-rim-pa'i spyi-don). 292-3 THREE GREAT DESCENTS babs-lugs chen-po gsum
See THREE LINEAGES
THREE GREAT EMANATIONAL TEACHINGS sprul-pa'i bstan-pa chen-po gsum
According to the Great Perfection, these are buddha-body (sku), speech
(gsung) and mind (thugs), 134-8
THREE GUIDING VEHICLES 'dren-pa'i theg-pa gsum
See THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALECTICS THREE GYAMTSOS rgya-mtsho rnam-gsum-du grags-pa
The authors of the astrological treatise entitled pad-dkar zhal-lung, namely, Phukpa Lhundrup Gyamtso, Khedrup Gyamtso and Sangye Gyamtso. 954
THREE HIGHER (SUPREME UNCOMMON) EMPOWERMENTS (thun-min mchog-) dbang gong-ma gsum
The secret empowerment (gsang-dbang, Skt. the empower- ment of discriminating pristine cognition (shes-rab ye-shes-kyi dbang, Skt. or third empowerment (dbang gsum-pa); and the empow-
erment of word and meaning (tshig-don-gyi dbang), also known as the fourth empowerment (dbang bzhi-pa, Skt. caturtha). The secret one is associated with the commitments such as enjoying the five meats and five nectars
without concepts of purity or impurity; the third is associated with conduct which concerns the consort embodying awareness (rig-ma, Skt. vidya); and the fourth is associated with the sameness of all things. See, e. g. , Mipham
Rinpoche, spyi-don 'od-gsal snying-po, p. 146; and Jamgon Kongtrul, shes-bya kun-khyab mdzod, Vol. 2, pp. 656-82. These empowerments are called "un- common" because they are revealed solely in the Unsurpassed Yogatantra. They are also referred to as the THREE PROFOUND EMPOWERMENTS. 347,
360, 913
THREE (IMPERISHABLE) INDESTRUCTIBLE REALITIES rdo-rje (mi-shigs-pa) gsum
Skt. trivajra
The indestructible reality of the buddha-body, speech and mind, which each
comprise tWO of the SIX PURE ESSENCES - the body being identified with earth and water, speech with fire and air, and mind with space and pristine cognition. Also known as the THREE SECRETS, 264, 594, 830, 853
e
thereish '
t e branch of rItual service which de 1
Three 115
THREE INDESTRUCTIBLE REALITIES, SERVICE AND A TT AINMENT OF rdo-ri gsum-gyi bsnyen-sgrub
. . to nuyoga, these are the ri d'
(ye Jl-bzhm-pa'i dkyil-'khor)' th p mor 1aI maI). 9
o
ala
According to the system of Orgyenpa, these are explained as follows: (1) training the body through the indestructible reality of the buddha-body,
amantabhadra (rang-b h' -h
f S z m l un-grub-kYI dkyil-'khor); and the
lus-Ia sbyang-ste sar-sdwl bsrryen-pa'i yan-Ia . ve ops composure (sku rdo-ries the mdestructible reality of the buddha-s the speech through ment associated with breath cont 1 ( ,p ech, IS the branch of attain- 'dzin sgrub-pa'iyan-lag)' and (3) t r? , gsungs rdo-ryes ngag-la sbyang-ste srog-
reality of the buddha-mind th mind through the indestructible ,h ' ereISteranchofg .
WIt recollection and contem I ' (
, reat attamment associated thugs rdo-ryes yid-l b
'
sgru -c en-gyl yan-lag). 853
P atIon
as 'Yang-ste dran-ting THREEgsIuNmNER CLASSES OF TANTRNTANTRAPITAKA nang-pa rgyud-sde (rnam-pa)
Mahayoga, Anuyoga and Ati 0 a Al
OF YOGA and the THREE JEHgI' so referred to as the THREE CLASSES
CLES OF INNER T
MEANS. 396-7,529-96, 604, 918 ANTRAS OF SKILFUL
THREE INTERRELATED ASPECTS OF IGNORANCE '
The ignorance of belief in individual selfhood " ,
the co-emergent ignorance (lh ' k
. an-cIg s 'Yes-pa'l ma ri p) d
(
bh
dag nYld gCIg-pU I ma-ng-pa) o t e Imaginary (kun-tu brtags-p " , - g- a an the ignorance
f h a I ma-ng-pa). 12, 54 THREE KINDS OF CONDUCT spyod-pa gsum
According to Anuyoga, these are consecration b l ' ,
t e overpowering of mund or essmg (bym-gyis rlob)
hf ki ane appearances (dban b ) , o S 1ful means (thabs-kyi spyod-pa). 369 g- sgyur and the conduct
THREE KINDS OF DIRECT PERCEPTION
D' mngon-sum gsum
1rect sensory perception (dban -p "
d' g 0 I mngon-sum Skt 'd'
. ,.
,aw areness 1e of0 ' .
1rect perception of intrinsic
m nyapratyaksa), the
rang-ng mngon-sum, Skt svasamv d , . . ne s own mental states
(of emptiness) by the yog'in ( '1- ,e and the direct perception
at canonical sources usually I' t C k'
th IS lOur mdsofdiret
'Yung-ba'i shes-rab, Skt. cintama f ra 'fia
-t} THREE KINDS OF LAYMAN dge-bsnyen gsum
rna b'Yor mngon-sum Skt '
t ese three intellectual dire t ' C perceptIOn, adding to h
pratyak$a), 102 c perception (blo'i mngon-sum, Skt. THREE KINDS OF DISCRIMINATIVE AWARENESS h
, 0 , (bsam-pa-las d1SCnmmatlve awareness born
The layman who takes one vow (i. e. not to kill) h
several vows (i. e, not to kill I ' ' t e layman who takes
takes fun vows (i. e. not to falsehood) and the layman who
prajfia
s es-rab gsum, Skt. trividha
? iscriminative awareness born of stud
srutamayfprajfia) discr1'm1'n t'
b ' a Ive awareness b f ' .
of meditation (bsgoms-pa-las by'Y p
277, 332, 722 ung a I s es-rab, Skt. bhavanamayfprajfia).
mtoxicated), 70 "
THREE KINDS OF MANDALA dkyil-'kh Accordin A"
he, commit sexual misconduct or be
or rnam-pa gsum
' e natural and spo t
of SamantabhadrI I
, . yoglpratyaksa). Note . '
- '
y (thos pa-las byung-ba'l shes-rab Skt
, n aneous y present mandala
'
116 Glossary ofEnumerations
of enlightened mind which is their offspring (rtsa-ba byang-chub
sems-kyi dkyil-'khor). 34, 284-6, 365-7
THREE KINDS OF MANTRA sngags gsum
Gnostic mantra (rig-sngags, Skt. vidyamantra), mantra (gzungs-sngags, Skt. dhara1Jfmantra) and secret mantra (gsang-sngags, Skt. guhyamantra). The dgongs-pa grub-pa'i rgyud says: "One should know that all mantra are divided into three classes: gnostic mantra which are the essence of skilful means, which are the essence of discriminative awareness and secret mantra which are the non-dual pristine cognition. " Thus are said to originate from the teachings of the Transcendent Perfection of Discriminative Aware- ness, gnostic mantra from the Kriyatantra and secret mantra from Mahayoga, Anuyoga and Atiyoga. 257
THREE KINDS OF (MUNDANE) AWARENESS-HOLDER rig-pa 'dzin-pa rnam gsum These are the lesser awareness-holder of the eight common accomplishments (las-chen brgyad grub-pa rig-pa 'dzin-pa chung-ngu); the middling common awareness-holder of the desire realm ('bring-ni 'dod-pa'i rig-pa 'dzin-pa phal- pa); and the greater awareness-holder of the desire and form realms (chen-po-ni 'dod-pa-dang gzugs-kyi rig-pa 'dzin-pa). 31,259
THREE KINDS OF PRISTINE COGNITION ye-shes rnam gsum, Skt. jnanalak$a1Ja- traya
According to the Sutra a/the Descent to Lanka, Ch. 3, these are the mundane ('jig-rten-pa'i ye-shes), supramundane ('jig-rten-las 'das-pa'i ye-shes) and most supramundane (shin-tu 'jig-rten-las 'das-pa'i ye-shes) pristine cognitions. An alternative enumeration given in Ch. 2ofthe same work refers to the following three characteristics of the pristine cognition of those who are sublime: (1) freedom from appearance (Skt. nirabhasalak$a1Ja); (2) sustaining power (Skt. adhi$? hanalak$a1Ja); and (3) realisation ofone's own sublime pristine cognition (Skt. pratyatmaryajnanagatilak$a1Ja). 180-1
THREE KINDS OF RITE cho-ga gsum
According to Mahayoga, these are the body (of the deity) in its entirety (sku
yongs-rdzogs), the speech in the form of seed-syllables (gsung yig-'bru) and the buddha-mind of concentration (thugs bsam-gtan). 279
THREE KINDS OF TANTRA rgyud rnam-pa gsum
These are the THREE CONTINUA as enumerated in the exegetical tradition
of the Guhyasamaja Tantra: the ground (gzhi), the nature (rang-bzhin) of the path and the inalienableness (mi-'phrog-pa) of the result. 262
THREE KINDS OF TANTRA (BELONGING TO UNSURPASSED YOGATANTRA) (bla- med) rgyud gsum
Father Tantra (pha-rgyud), Mother Tantra (ma-rgyud) and Non-Dual Tantra (gnyis-med rgyud). 362
THREE KINDS OF TRANSMITTED PRECEPT bka' gsum
Transmitted precepts given as oral teaching (gsungs-pa), given by consec-
Three
TBREEM ration or blessing (byin-gyis brlabs-pa) and given by mandate (rjes-su gnang- Ph
EN FROM KBAM kh . ams-pa ml gsum
ba). 74
akmotrupa, Karmapa Tusum
all students of Gampopa. 952 Khyenpa and Seltong Shogom, who were
THREE KINDS OF
(lunglshin-tu lkog-gyur-gyi and scrip-
t. agamapramaIJa). 73,
sramalJera) and the complete or ra;ya, the novitiate (dge-tshul, Skt.
Also referred to as the THREE STAG nun (bsnyen-rdzogs, Skt. upasampada)
·
DIrect perc .
117
VALID COGNITION tshad-ma gsum .
eptlOn (mngon-sum t h d
Inference ( implicit
, , THREE LEVELS OF ORDINATION h
The renunciate (rab-b agsum , IjIung, S k t prav ' - )
THREE LINEAGES b d
ES OF ORDINA .
rgyu -pa gsum
e IntentlOnal lineage of bUddhas
TION. 524
' .
T h ' .
and aural lineage of mundane lIneage of awareness-holders ua
THREE GREAT DESCENTS. 397 406 447 s. Referred to poetically as the
, , THREE AXIOMS (OF IMPLICIT INF
gsum, Skt. trflJi lingani
, 887, 968
ERENCE) (dngos-stobs rjes-dpag-gz)
. he of the result ('bras-bu'i t _ .
IdentIty (rang-bzhin-gi gtan-tshigs Skt. karyahetu), the axiom of
of the objective referent' and the axiom of the fllhetu) , 102, 839 mlgs-pa 1 gtan-tshigs, Skt. anupalab-
THREE LOWER CLASSES OF TANTRAfT
(bya-ba'i rgyud), Ubh:NTRAPITAKA rgyud-sde 'og-ma gsum
spyod-pa z rgyud) and Yogatantra or. Caryatantra (upa'i rgyud or
THREE OUT - IjIor-gyz ra'"ud) Al
ER TANTRAPITAKA 83 268 7 b . Y . so known as the
. " - 3, 348-57 . DS OF SUBLIME BEING ' h '
THREE LOWER KIN
PlOUS attendants (nyan-thos Skt ,_ p ags-pa og-ma gsum
Skt. pratyekabuddha) and self-centred bUddhas (rang-rgyal,
THREE L
OWER PITAKA sde-snod 'og-ma gsum
See THREE PITAKA
THREE (OF THE MANTRAS
As expounded in Ratnakarasanti
(byang-chub sems-dpa'). 175
tras are endowed with, the . ' Definitlve Ordero/lhe Three Vehz'cles m
ag-pa), the power of theI'r a d
Through accompl' h ' mnyes-pa gsum f b IS ment III meditativ .
odY and speech, and through through service by means THREE MEDIA sgo gsum offenngs. 655,658, 680, 871
ordinary body (Ius, Skt. kayalSarrf<
con uct (spyod-pa'i sa). 253 THREE MEANS TO DELIGHT THE GURU
o
(yzd, Skt. manas). 264, 304, 367
a), speech (ngag, Skt. vak) and mind
. ,
) khor gsum
d . punty of th' . ,
an- ' elr vIsualisation (dmigs-pa rnam p
SSIstance (gro k ' - ar 'gS- yz mthu) and the level of their
118 Glossary ofEnumerations
THREE MOVEMENTS wrfH REFERENCE TO THE FOUR SYLLABLES yi-ge bzhi-la
mi-sdad-pa gsum
According to Khetsun Zangpo Rinpoche, this refers to the destabilisation of the three syllables 0"" AH and HDM within the central channel of the body when the inner heat rises from the syllable VAM during the practice
of inner heat (gtum-mo), 548
THREE NEIGHS OF HAYAGRIVA rta-mgrin-gyi rta-skad thengs gsum
These are the THREE CONTINUA of ground, path and result. Alternatively: (1) the neigh which arouses the world to the unborn identity of sa'! 's. ra and
nir
offering to repay karmic debts (gsob); and (3) the neigh which then enlists the support of beings and binds them under an oath of allegiance. 361
THREE OBSCURA TIONS sgrib-pa gsum, Skt. trt1Jyavara1Jani
The obscurations of the knowable, of conflicting emotions and of propen-
sities. AlternativelY, the third may be absorption in trance. 469
de
THREE OUTER T ANTRAPIT AKA phyi rgyud-s
These are the THREE LOWER CLASSES OF T ANTRA, 273
THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALEcTICS phyi mtshan-nyid theg-pa gsum
The vehicles of pious attendants (nyan-thos-kyi theg-pa, Skt. iravakayana),
self-centred buddha (rang-rgyal-gyi theg-pa, Skt. pratyekabuddhayana) and s
CLES, they are explained in Fundamentals, (pp. 151_237). 83,454,618,671, 911
THREE PHASES OF LIFE skye-ba rim-pa gsum
These are the phases from conception in the womb to the moment of birth
(mngal-du skye-ba bzung-pa-naS btsas-pa'i bar), from the moment of birth to adult maturity (btsas-nas nar-son-pa'i bar) and from adult maturity to old age
(nar-Son-nas rgan-po'i bar), 34, 278-81
THREE PITAKNTRIPITAKA sde-snod gsum, Skt. tripifaka
The Vinayapi\aka Cdul-ba'i sde-snod), Siitrapi\aka (mda'i sde-snod) and
Abhidharmapi! aka (chos mngon-pa'i sde-snod). Also referred to as the THREE LOWER PITAKA. 76, 78-80, 203, 259, 405, 428, 429, 436, 437, 441, 468,
experience of reality and enables one to ' , eThree 119 posture of a sage Whl'chrests m' the see wa' h lotus eyes' (3) th crouchm' g
appearances, and enables one to see body emanates reality as
THREE PRECIOUS JE 1 t e eyes of reality. 907 WELS dkon-mcho
va
1)a; (2) the neigh which offers animate and inanimate worlds as a feast
THREE PRESENCES sdod P , , - a gsum
:his, the second of the FOUR C
mstructions on All-Surpassing nONS according to the esoteric
khrtd-yig ye-shes bla-ma lIon, IS explamed as follows in Jik sarpsara are purified by , 49a-b: (1) the bewildering th h me &ya-ba-Ia . _ presence ill which there' . oug ts of of fl ml gnas-par Sllod-pas 'khor-ba'i 'kh I IS no boddy aClIvity (Ius . uctuatmg thought cease b me ru -rtog dag); (2) the conditions
m vital energy (r/ung presence in which there is no cI? ' (3) the extent of the buddh fi ,sdod-pas rnam-rtog gYo-ba'i k
whICh t h e ' . . a- lelds IS reached b r yen , . re IS no hesllallon or doubt r e ' y means of presence in
as
511,560,619,888 THREE POISONS dug gsum
I,TIES de-kho-na-nyl'dgsum
prabhasirpha's Commenta e ecret Nucleus, as explained in -
gsum
e s-par-byed), 343 These are the THRE a - ang gsum
(byang-chub sems-dpa'i theg-pa, Skt. bodhisattvayana). Also refer-
THREE PROMULGATIONS OF THE DOCTRINAL W See THREE (SUCCESSIVE) PRO
HEEL chos-'khor gsum
bodhisattv
red to as the THREE CAUSAL VEHICLES, the THREE CLASSES OF DlALEC· TICS, the THREE VEHICLES and poetically as the THREE GUIDING VEHI·
NAL WHEEL
MULGA TIONSrrURNINGS
OF T
HE DOCTRI-
s These are the THREE CONFLICTING EMOTIONS of desire Cdod-chag , Skt. raga), hatred (zhe-sdang, Skt. dvqa) and delusion (gti-mug, Skt. moha). 18,
uncreated reality whi h . ry the Secret Nucleus, pp. 2-3 th Surya- reality which isth c IS t e causal basis of the man ' ese are the
24, 33, 34, 55, 77, 88, 159, 229, 273, 277 THREE POSTURES'dug-stangs gsum
According to the Penetration of Sound: (1) the posture of the lion which rests in the buddha-body of reality frees one from all fears of bewilderment and enables one to see with eyes of indestructible reality; (2) the posture of the
as a c h ' f mind. 0
e spontaneous Samantabhad d . <,Iala, the resultant
seed-syllables and is the causal r:a:7s t e secret enlIghtened
elephant which rests in the buddha-body of perfect rapture brings about the
Buddha (sangs-rgyas) th d gsum, Skt. triratna (d 'd ' e octnne (chos Sk d
ge- un, Skt. san:zgha). 59, 69-70 743, 862, 970, 973
, 1 . harma) and the communit
' 95, 203, 350, 468, 523, 583, 592 70:;
phrzgs-med-par sdod-pas zhing-kh
hgardmg appearances (snang-ba 'd ams ts ad-la ph b ar-
THREE PROFOUND E
MPOWERMENTS z b db
347,701 E HIGHER SUPREME UNCOMMON EMPOWERMENTS.
THREE PROVINCES OF TIBET bod 'ch l k Th h 0 -
a gsum
e tree districts of Ngan"m Upp
and Amdo and Kham in Lower Tibet including Tsang,
THREE PURITIES (OF KRIY AT ANTRA) da -
Thepurityofd ' gpagsum eIty and mantra' the '
T'b
the purity of mantra and of substances and rapture; and
THREE PURITIES (OF M A W n. o AYOGA) dag-pa gsum
,295-6,349
ne of the FOUR AXIOMS OF MA -
outer world (snod dag-pa), the urit consisting of the purity of th
(beud dag-pa) and th . p yofllSmnercontenIS i e r . e for . e punty of the com ' . . Ivmg crearures
mmg the mind-stream (rgyud-rnams bases and activity fields
THREE REAL
Accordmg to the 71 'antra of th S
gpa). 275-6
THREE REALMS khams gsum Skt t 'dh- S ' ,rz atu
ee THREE (WORLD) REALMS
.
I I ' Enumerations
120 Glossary OJ _ t hangs-ris-Ia-sogs-pa gsum
HMAKAYIKA s h'
. ) Brahmapuro Ita THREE REALMS BEGIN of Brahma (tshangs-ns-pa_' h _ or Great
NING WITH BRA
Brahmakayika or Stratum 'don) and Mahabra rna
final transmitted precepts (bka' tha-ma). 18, 188 THREE SUFFERINGS sdug-bsngal gsum, Skt.
Three 121
Brahma are the levels realised through the Brahma (tshangs-pa chen-p), dang-po). 14, 61
first concentratl. on (bsam-gtan
THREE ROOTS rtsa-ba gsum . . al deity (yi-dam, Skt. evata
847 855d -) and <;lakinI ,
The suffering of change ('gyur-ba'i sdug-bsngal, Skt.
the suffering of propensities ('du-byed-kyi sdug-hsngal, SkI. sa'1'Skiira-
and the suffering of suffering or pain itself (sdug-bsngal-gi sdug- bsngal, Skt. 419
THREE SUPERIORS (OF KATOK) (kalJ-thog) gong-rna gsu", Katokpa Tampa Deshek, TsangtOnpa and Campabum.
698
THREE SUPPORTIVE ESSENTIALS OF THE BODY bca'-ha lus-kYi mad gsu", According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE POSTURES
of lion, elephant and sage. Refer to Longcenpa, Treasury of the Supreme Vehicle, Vol. 2, (p. 280). 338
THREE SUPREME EMANATIONS mchog-gi sPrul-sku gsum
Nyang-rel Nyima OZer, Guru ChOwang and Rikdzin Giidemcen. Refer to
7]a5m5,y7a6n0g, K78h0y,en9t3s4e, Mkkyen brtse on the History ofthe Dhanna, (pp. 41-2). THREE TIMES dus gsum, Skt. trikdla
The past (,das-pa, SkI. atita), present (da-Ita-ba, Skt. Vortamiina) and future (ma-'ongs-pa, Skt. aniigata). 157-8, 276,308, 316, 320, 334,414,453, 633
THREE TRADtTIONS OF BODHISATTVA VOW bka'-srvl gsum-pa'i byang-sems-kyi sdom-rgyun
According to Terdak Lingpa's Record ofTeachings Received, Pp. 15-16, these are the tradition of Mafijusri via Nagarjuna and Candrakirti; the tradition of Maitreya via Asafiga and Vasubandhu; and the tradition of Manjusrl via
Santideva. All three were gathered together by Longcenpa. 729, 827 THREE TRADITIONS OF THE MENTAL CI. ASS sems-sde lugs gsarn
The Rong tradition in Central Tibet, the Kham tradition in East Tibet and the original cycles (skor) of the Mental Class. 827
THREE TRADITIONS OF PACIFICATION zhi-byed lugs-gsa,.
The Ma, So and Kham traditions. Referto Blue Annals, (pp. 867-979). 657
THREE TRAININGS bslab-pa gsum, Skt. See THREE (CORRECT) TRAININGS
bl a) mednatlon
The guru ( a-m, (mkha'-'gro-ma). 376, 555,
586 676, 748, 823, ,
h
Either Impunty, PRECEPTS, m WhlC t e RANSMITTED 71
h -rgya gsum
THREE SEALS P yag impermanence and suffenng; orht :
IVE OF THE T .
the fourth (nirvaI? a IS pea
b CRETS gsang- a gsu
ce) are combined.
THREE SE REE IMPERISHABLE These are the TH m . d 853 buddha-body, speech and mm .
INDESTRUCTIBLE
ERS OF THE SAMGHA) . or alternatively
THREE SPHERES.
The subject, oblect and THREE SPHERES (
'khor-lo gsum h
( grub-pa) and work (las),
'khor gsum,
Sk t 'mandala 1. n . .
588 619 ,
their interaction. 316,
OF ACTIVITY ON THE PART OF MEMB
.
Exegesis Cbs ad-pa), attammden(tslosb-pa) and work. 720, 724, 736,
738 783 , ,
Skt tribhavaltribhuvana
. ' . h surface world of
,. 1'1 snd-pa an humans (sa 1 steng m1 405 971 973
'dpa) 45 212,30, , , Srl - . ,
renunCl. at1' 0n (spang-ba), stu y 824, 835, 840, 852
XISTENCE) srid/sa gsum,
THREE SPHERES (OF of the nagas (sa-'og klu'l (gnam-steng lha'i The nether wor . . . ) d the upper wor
THREE STAGES OF OR
h THREE LEVEL
These are t e
S OF ORDINA TION. 618
hra-ba gsum
. nod-pa DINATION tshig(s)-gsum nm
INE COGNITIONS ye-shes p
THREE SUBTLE PRIST gnition of appearances (snang-bi' e spyi-Mn '00-
m tiness (slOng-pa) The subtle pnstme co " ) Refer to Mipham mp ,
d their coalescence (zung- Jug. 194) 342
gsal snying-po, (p.
PROMULGA TIO
an
EL OF THE DOCTRINAL WHE
.
NSrrURNINGS
THREE (SUCCESSIVE) Skt triparivartadharmaca h . ntermediate
krapravartana
chos-'khor (rim-pa) gsum, (chos-'khor dang-po), t ! romUlgation
l-HREE TURNINGS OF THE DOCTRINAL WHEEL (OF THE CAUSAL VEHICLES)
The first promulgation 'ichos-'khor)and is7,425,896 promulgationatVulture,khortha-ma). 17,23-4,28,76" ,.
See THREE (SUCCESSIVE) PROMULGATION&TURNINGS OF THE DOC- TRINAL WHEEL
THREE TYPES OF DEEDS las gsurn-po, Skt.
Virtuous (bsod-narns, Skt. kutala), unvirtuous (bsod-narns rna-yin-pa, Skt.
akuta/a) and indeterminate (lung rna-bstan, Skt. avYiikrta). 56 THREE TYPES OF EMANATIONAL BODY spml-sku rnarn gsarn
in indefinite realms (chas PROMULGA TIONS
THREE SUCCESSIVE
.
OF
THE
TRANSMI
TTED PRECEPTS bka , VE PROMULGA-
.
E SUCCESS!
The teachings which namely, the and the
rim-po gsum
d to the THRE
. d precepts
TIONS OF THE diate transmitted precepts (bka' dang-po), the mterme
.
OUR SEALS INDICAT- (selflessness) and
REALITIES of
rgyu'i chos-'khor gsum
Emanations of natural expression (rang-bzhin sPruJ-pa), emanations which
122 Glossary ofEnumerations
train living beings (,gro-'dul sprul-pa) and diversified emanations (sna-tshogs
sprul-pa), 21, 128
THREE TYPES OF SCRUTINY (OF PURE SCRIPTURAL AUTHORITY) (dag-pa'i lung-gi)
dpyad gsum
As impurities are ascertained by the process of burning, cutting and polishing, so too are the scriptures to be critically investigated. Refer to Tattvasan:zgraha, vv. 3340-4, which compares the study of the Buddha's words by means of inference, scriptural authority and example to the purifi- cation of gold by burning, cutting and polishing. 102
THREE UNCOMPOUNDED ENTITIES 'dus-ma-byas gsum, Skt. trividham asan:z- skrtam
According to the these are space (nam-mkha', Skt. akiiSa), the cessation of corruption due to individual scrutiny (so-sor brtags-pas 'gog-pa, Skt. pratisan:zkhyanirodha) and the cessation (of the future arising of any object) independent ofindividual scrutiny (brtags-min-gyi 'gog-pa, Skt. aprati- san:zkhyanirodha). 157
THREE UNCORRUPTED PATHS zag-pa med-pa'i lam gsum, Skt. traya andsrava-
The path of insight (mthong-Iam, Skt. darsanamarga), the path of meditation (bsgom-Iam, Skt. bhdvandmarga) and the final path (mthar-Iam, Skt. nigha- marga). 281
THREE UNMOVING ST A TES mi-'gul-ba gsum
These are the first of the FOUR CONSOLIDA TIONS of All-Surpassing Reali- sation. They are described in Jikme Lingpa, khrid-yig ye-shes bla-ma, p. 49a, as follows: (1) without moving from the postures of the body, the energy channels and currents are relaxed of their own accord (Ius bzhag-stang-Ias mi-'gul-bas rtsa-riung rang-dal); (2) without moving from the gazes of the eyes, appearances are enhanced (mig gzigs-stangs-Ias mi-'gul-bas snang-ba'i 'phel-'dzin); and (3) without moving from the state of the unfabricating mind, the expanse and awareness are integrated (sems bzo-med-Ias mi-'gul-bas dbyings-rig zung-du chud-par-byed). 343
THREE VEHICLES theg-pa gsum, Skt. triydna
These refer either to the THREE OUTER VEHICLES OF DIALECTICS of the pious attendants, self-centred buddhas and bodhisattvas, or to the vehicle which directs (or uproots) the cause of suffering (kun-'byung 'dren-pa), the vehicle ofaustere awareness (dka'-thub rig-pa) and the vehicle ofoverpowering means (dbang-bsgyur thabs-kyi theg-pa). 17,81-3,174, 190, 197,285,425
THREE VEHICLES OF INNER T ANTRAS OF SKILFUL MEANS nang-rgyud thabs-kyi theg-pa gsum
These are the THREE INNER CLASSES OF TANTRA. 84
THREE VEHICLES OF THE OUTER T ANTRAS OF AUSTERE AWARENESSphyi thub- pa rgyud-kyi theg-pa gsum
The Kriyatantra, Ubhayatantra or Caryatantra, and Yogatantra vehicles. 81, 84, 269, 286, 346, 348-57
Three-Four 123
'J'ang-sems-kyi sdom-pa, Sk samaya), 78, 300, 302, 827, 831, 861 gsang-sngags-kyi dam-tshlg, Skt.
THREE WAYS TO BRING FORTH THE F
gsum Run OF THE INSTRUCTIONS btsa'-lugs
According to Pawo Tsuklak T h
pp, 223-4, based on the ,Scholar's Feast ofDoctn'nal History the that is like the are: (1) to bring forth
(2) to bnng forth the harvest that' l'ker clanfy all satpsara and nirvana'
of all vehicles; (3) and to bring C hIS hI e t e heart because it is the 't' h lon teharvesttht'l'k
THREE vows sdom-pa gsum Skt ,
'
, tnsamvara
T h e pratimoksa (so-thar) b dh' '
bodh"
,lsattva vows (b\l
o lsauvasamvara) and '
mantra vows (
t.
1 IS t e root of all things, 539
THREE WAYS OF ENTERING (THE LIBERATI
A W ARENESS) 'jug-pa rnam gsum NG
a IS 1 e life itself because
OF DISCIMINA TIVE
P A TH
, nuyoga, these are the mind wh' h '
According to A
Ideas and scrutiny (rtoa-d'PJ\lod k " , IC enters mto the pursuit of , 0 . J - Ylryes-su';u-p" 'd) ,
mto the pursuit of truth (d " a 1Yl ,the mmd which enters
, On-gyl ryes-su ';u -p" 'd)
enters mto the pursuit of seed-syllabI THREE W A YS OF THE W es ISE mkhas-tshul gsum
(y' g "a Yl the mind which l-ge 1 ryes-su '. ;ug-pa'iyid). 286-7
Teaching ('chad-pa), debate (rtsod- a)
THREE WH P and compOSItIOn (rtsom-pa). 731
EELS OF THE DOCTRINE chos-kyi 'khor l Thedoct . h' -0 gsum
nnes w Ich respectively concern the '
the absence of characteristics and the defi ' . mIddle ",,:ay and the four truths,
CESSIVE) PROMULGA TIONSrru THREE
nWve meanmg. See THREE (SUC- RNINGS OF THE DO
CTRINAL WHEEL
(WORLD) REALMS (';'ig-rten-gyij kh
The desire realm ('dod-p " kh ams gsum, Skt. tn{lokajdhdtu Sk - a 1 ams, Skt. kdmadhdtu) fI
1. rupadhatu) and formless realm (gzu s-m _ " o r m realm (gzugs-khams, 13,31,38,51,56,73,202,259 302 ed kYl khams, Skt. arnpyadhatu), 575, 907, 930 ' , , 337, 339-40, 363,418,490, 491,
THREE YOGAS (OF ANUYOGA) mal 'b
T - gsum
hese are explained in Fundamentals, pp, 285-6 TRIO OF THE G
URU, GREA T
bla-rdzogs-thugs gsum
PERFECTION
A
. GREA T
Refer to Hi t (
s ory, p. 396 and n. 934). 724 764 765
FOUR
FOUR ACTIVn y FIELDS skye-mched bzh '
See FOUR FOUR A
_ _
1, Skt. catvary ayatandni
FORMLESS REALMS
SPECTS OF TRAINING IN THE
MEDnATION) phyag-rgya spros_bcas_l:LbAsIBbORATbE ,SEAL (OF MAHA. YOGA
The ' l' ,
VIsua of maI). <;ialas (dk il-'kh
a -pa Zhl
' ,
or), clusters of deItIes (tshom-bu)
numbers of denies (grangs) and th
279-80 e aces and arms of the deities
ND
COMP ASSIONA TE ONE
,791,821,827,881
, ,
, .
124 Glossary ofEnumerations h'
Skt
. (dgra-bcom-pa), nuns (dge-slong-
FOUR BASIC SCHOOLS rtsa-ba'i sde-pa bzhi
The Mahasanghika, Sthavira, Sammitlya and M11lasarvastivadin. 429
FOUR BRANCHES OF RITUAL SERVICE AND ATTAINMENT bsnyen-sgrub yan- lag bzhi, Skt. caturangasevasadhana
Ritual service (bsnyen-pa, Skt. seva) entails the recitation of mantra and one-pointed prayerful devotion to a deity that is visualised; further ritual service (nye-bar bsnyen-pa, Skt. upaseva) entails the prayer that the deity's blessings will descend, transforming the mundane body, speech and mind into the three syllables of indestructible reality; attainment (sgrub-pa, Skt. sadhana) entails that accomplishments are absorbed from the sugatas of the ten directions into the deity and thence into oneself, either in actuality, meditation or dreams; and great attainment (sgrub-chen, Skt. mahasadhana) is the ultimate realisation of beginningless primordial purity which is experi- enced when body, speech and mind are identical to the deity. This is the inner significance of the ritual ceremonies and elaborate dance routines con- tained within the sgrub-chen. Also referred to as the FOUR UNIONS. 280, 297, 494, 847, 903
FOUR BUDDHA-BODIES sku bzhi, Skt.
The body of reality (chos-sku, Skt. dharmakaya), the body of perfect rapture (longs-spyod rdzogs-pa'i sku, Skt. sambhogakaya), the emanational body (sprul- pa'i sku, Skt. nirmalJakaya) and the body of their essentiality (ngo-bo-nyid-kyi sku, Skt. svabhavikakaya). 19,288, 369, 923
FOUR CASES WHEN THE TEACHING SHOULD BE GRANTED sbyin-pa'i gnas bzhi According to Pawo Tsuklak Trhengwa, Scholar's Feast ofDoctrinal History, pp. 223-4, which quotes the Biography of Vairocana: (1) the texts, comment- aries and esoteric instructions should be given to one who is faithful, gentle, even-tempered and steadfast; (2) teaching should be given completely and openly to a recipient who is noble and of long standing; (3) teaching should be given and entrusted earnestly to the faithful who request it; and (4) teaching should be given with enthusiasm to those of faith who have little discriminative awareness. 539
FOUR CASES WHEN THE TEACHING SHOULD NOT BE GRANTED mi-sbyin-pa'i gnas bzhi
According to the same text cited above: (1) teaching should not be given to those who are extremely aggressive, faithless or loquacious; (2) teaching should not be given to those who have little faith, perseverance and dis- criminative awareness, or who are partial in their desire for long exegeses and commentaries; (3) teaching should not be given to those who diminish other doctrines by making long notations and not meditating; and (4) the faithless who seek the doctrine for the sake of wealth should be investigated from the position of the faithful and then abandoned. 539
FOUR CATEGORIES OF THE SPATIAL CLASS klong-sde bzhi
These are: (1) the Black Space propounded as the Absence of Causes (klong nag-po rgyu-med-du smra-ba); (2) the Variegated Space propounded as Divers- ity (klong khra-bo sna-tshogs-su smra-ba); (3) the White Space propounded as
ma Monks (dge-slong, Skt. or Skt upasaka) and laywomen (dge-bsnyen-
FOUR ASSEMBLIES 'khor-bz
Skt. laymen (dge-bsnyen,
- 'k -\ Also referred to as ma, Skt. upas1 a).
,
FOUR ASSURANCES gdeng bZ,hi , hrid- ig ye-shes bla-ma, pp. 53a-b, ,the According to Jikme Lmgpa s k Y ATIONS of All-Surpassing fourth and last of the FOUR CONSOLID h ne has heard of the suffenng of
'sts of (1) the assurance that, thoug 0, f their lives therein and so cons1 . " the duration 0
beings in the three eVIl eXIstenCe,s" s because one has directly deter-
C rth one is unafraid of these eVIl eXlstefnce the beginning in the intrinsic 10, , . nknown rom
mined that u without the possIbIlity 0
f ' 0 ful or sorrowful experiences (ngan-song J Y h -kyang rang-ngo gdod-nas
FOUR ORDERS. 74, 423, 426
nature, h
gsum-gyi ts e-ts ashes-b a-la mi-srid-par thag-chod-pas ngan-
'khrul mi-shes-pa'l thog-tu bde-sdug Y
"d \. (2)theassuran
ce that one does not have to
-
-la bag mi-tsha-ba 1 g eng), song ,
ire towards the maturation 0 asp
d' I lrect y
h d la-sogs-pa t os
reached the of
does not exist (ng-pa gZh1 thog tu P b " gdeng\' (3) the assurance that,
S'V'
't
towards the obJec,t of I characteristics (chos-nyid gzh1-I
'ng been so liberate haVl ,
becauset emrv . "d'I
du'ang med-pa gzhi thog-tu phebs- as g
gdeng). 343,372
FOUR ATTRACTIVE QUALITIES OF sa11Jgrahavastu ,
s bh' Skt z 1,
catuh-
These are liberality (sbym-pa, Skt.
, ana) purposeful activity
Skt, pnyavac, harmony (don mthun-pa,
eXon-spyod-pa, Skt. arthacarya) and Skt samanavihara). 633
. ,
h' Skt caturabhisambodh1 .
It in that one has
the mere name of
d
whereupon even ,
f the cause an
resu
hebs-pa-Ia 'khor-ba ming-tsam-du ang ma-
, min-Ia ma-re- a1 ) ' d ' m"'Jlb-pas rgyu- bras rnam-s d f l'ty there is no nee to aspu
e
d' thegroun 0 rea1 , bl' ' m h ' ana wherein mere ISS IS
a experienced is mdlVl _u:'i m ang-'das rang-mtshan-pa med-pas thob-
l-nas 'di-tsam-du bde 0 snyam P y that though one has heard gro " d )' and (4) the assurance, r 'I
bya-Ia re-ba med-pa 1 g en. g , , he fields of the conquerors are lmlt that the enlightened attnbutes m t b ause one has reached the ground m one's delight is purified in san:eness t even a hair's breadth, from the
which the buddhas are no dlfferen, khams-Iayon-tan tshad-med-par awareness that is one's own essehncde sangs-rgyas rgyu spu'i rtse-mo tsam,-,
ngo rig-pa-Ias t a- a 'd du dag-pa 1 thos-kyang rang- b d a'-brod mnyam-pa-nY1 -
A BODHISATTVA bsdu-dngo
-na) leasant speech (snyan-par
FOUR AWAKENINGS mngon-byang bz 1, . GS omitting the first, i. e. emptI- These are similar to the FIVE seed-syllables of speech
They are the lunar throne (z a-g " d (thugs phyag-mtshan) and t e the symbolic implements 0 mm
y1g- bru), f h deity (sku yongs-rdzogs). 279
perfect body 0 t e
FOUR AXIOMS (OF MAHAYOGA) gtan-tshigs bzhi HREE PURITIES OF MAHAYOGA, The FOUR KINDS OF identity (bdag-nyid chen-po). the FOUR MODES OF SAMENESS an
34, 275-6
1- tar
. ,
Four 125
126 GlossaryofEnumerations . .
b . (4) and the Infinite Space m WhICh the Mind (klong dkar-po rab-'byams rgyu-'bras la-bzla-ba).
FOUR CONDITIONS OF BEWILDERMENT rkyen bzhi'i 'khrul-pa/'khrul-pa'i rkyen bzhi
The causal condition (rgyu'i rkyen, Skt. hetupratyaya) which is the THREE INTERRELA TED ASPECTS OF IGNORANCE, the referential condition (dmigs- pa'i rkyen, Skt. alambanapratyaya) which is the appearances, the possessive condition (bdag-po'i rkyen, Skt. adhipatipratyaya) which is the ego, and the immediate condition (de-ma-thag-pa'i rkyen, Skt. samanantarapratyaya) which is their present conjunction. 54-5
FOUR CONDITIONS OF SA1\;1SARA 'khor-ba'i rkyen bzhi See preceding entry
FOUR CONSOLIDA TIONS mtha'-rten bzhi
According to All-Surpassing Realisation, these are the THREE UNMOVING
STATES, the THREE PRESENCES, the THREE ATTAINMENTS and the FOUR ASSURANCES. 343
FOUR CONTINENTS gling bzhi, Skt. caturdvfpa
Surpassing the Body (lus-'phags, Skt. Purvavideha) in the east, Rose-Apple Continent (,dzam-bu-gling, Skt. Jambudvfpa) in the south, Enjoyer of Cattle (ba-glang spyod, Skt. Aparagodanfya) in the west and Unpleasant Sound (sgra mi-snyan, Skt. Uttarakuru) in the north. 14,56,60,131,409,438,515,577
FOUR CORRECT TRAININGS yang-dag spong bzhi, Skt.
The aspiration that sinful, non-virtuous attributes, which have not arisen, may not be developed; the aspiration that sinful, non-virtuous attributes which have arisen may be renounced; the aspiration that virtuous attributes which have not arisen may be developed; and the aspiration that virtuous attributes which have arisen may remain and be unchanging and entirely perfect in the future; Mvt. (958-61). 236
FOUR CREATIVE STAGES (OF THE PATH OF CUTTING THROUGH RESISTANCE)
(khregs-chod) lam-gyi bskyed-rim bzhi
The abiding state (gnas), the unwavering state (mi-gYo), sameness (mnyam- nyid) and spontaneous presence (lhun-gyis grub). 371
FOUR CYCLES (OF THE GREA T PERFECTION) rdzogs-chen (skor bzhi)
The Outer, Inner, Secret and Unsurpassedly Secret cycles of the Esoteric Instructional Class. 332, 498, 501
FOUR DECEASES 'da'-ka-ma bzhi
According to Khetstin Zangpo Rinpoche, these are the decease in which appearances have been transformed according to the vase empowerment (bum-dbang-gi snang-ba 'da'-ka-ma); the decease that is the yoga of the seminal point according to the secret empowerment (gsang-dbang thig-le mal-'byor 'da'-ka-ma); the decease that is the mode of the body's death according to the discriminating awareness empowerment (lus-kyi 'chi-lugs sher-dbang 'da'- ka-ma); and the decease according to the fourth empowerment (dbang bzhi- pa'i 'da'-ka-ma). 923
FOUR DELIGHTS dga'-ba bzhi
On the path of desire (chags-lam) or skilful means (thabs-lam), the practice
Cause and Result are Determmed g 326-7
FOUR
Pa'i dam-ts 19 z l
. 1 b h· Skt catvari cakrant
FOUR CENTRES 'khor- 0 z l, . . . . bde-chen-gi 'khor-lo, Skt. maha- The forehead centre of great rapture (mgrin-pa
sukhacakra); the throat °h Pheart centre of the doctrme (snymg-ka
'khor-lo, Skt. sambhogacakra) , t e. d h navel centre of emanation (lte-ba · 'khor-lo Skt dharmacakra) , an t e
chos-kyl , .
,. 'khor-lo Skt. nirmal! acakra).
286 368
,
spru1-pa l , FOUR CENTRES OF MA
These are the secret centre of the g 1( ·d-pa'i 'khor-lo); the cuttmg . cted wlth the nave sn h
,. NjUSRI THE BODY Jam-
I )
s attendants The arhats among t e plOU h b
These are t e COMMITMENT
. (OF ANUYOGA)
h·
d SOTRAsgal-monges-
kh bmdzodV o1. 2,Pp·18 ··1 hsbyakun- ya,
S
DEFINITIVE
b h·
on
these are the commitments of utter pun
According to Jamg
. d and entire perceptual range. 367
mm
COMMITMENTS TO C. ONTINUITY
OF CONDUCT
dpal-gyi sku 'khor-lo bzhl
bidin nature of mind (gnas-kyi 'khor-. o ;
the centre of eXIstenCe conne f h d ·ty (gcod-pa'i 'khor-Io); and t e d ·ththearms0 te el ( 1 ,.
d . h h legs and feet of the deity spru -pa l WIt t e
'khor-lo). 361
FOUR CLASSES OF pAKINIS ng d-k· - of the four peripheral enhght-
centre connecte WI
centre of emanation connecte
- - . s-bzhi mkha'-'gro-ma
.
. ·1·. d Buddha or VaJra famIIes, '"' . kh·- ened families, l. e. t e ewe, f' h . classes i.
