He was a pupil of Herophilus, a con-
of Neon and Thrasylochus, the partizans of Philip | temporary of Baccheius [BacCH EIUS), and a pre-
of Macedon (Neon).
of Neon and Thrasylochus, the partizans of Philip | temporary of Baccheius [BacCH EIUS), and a pre-
of Macedon (Neon).
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
Of Ephesus, a prose writer, from whom the
Another poem, entitled Nafiakó, has been ascribed scholiasts on Aristophanes quote a statement re-
to Philetas, on the authority of Eustathius (Ad specting the Sibyls, but who is otherwise unknown.
Hom. p. 1885. 51); but Meineke has shown that (Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. 1071, Av. 963 ; Suid,
the name of the author quoted by Eustathius was 8. %. Báris ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 485, ed.
Philteas, not Philetas. (Anal. Alex. Epim. ii. pp. Westermann. )
[P. S. ]
351-353. )
PHILE/TES (Putns), a Greek physician, who
There are also a few fragments from the poems of lived probably in the fifth century B. C. , as he is
Philetas, which cannot be assigned to their proper mentioned by Galen as a contemporary of some of
places : among them are a few lambic lines, which the most ancient medical men. He was one of the
are wrongly ascribed to him in consequence of the persons to whom some ancient critics attributed the
confusion between names beginning with the syl- treatise Tepl Alains, De Victus Ratione, which
lable Phil, which has been already referred to under forms part of the Hippocratic Collection. (Galen, De
PHILEMON : Philetas has also been erroneously Aliment. Facult. i. 1, vol. vi. p. 473. ) [W. A. G. ]
supposed to have written bucolic poems, on the PHILEU'MENOS (eúuevos), a sculptor,
authority of the passage of Theocritus, above re- whose name was for the first time discovered in
ferred to, which only speaks of the beauty of his 1808, in an inscription on the support of the left
poetry in general ; and also on the authority of foot of a statue in the Villa Albani, where there is
some verses in Moschus (Idyll
. iii. 94, foll. ), which also another statue evidently by the same hand
ve known to have been interpolated by Musaeus. | Zoëga, to whom we owe the publication of the
## p. 268 (#284) ############################################
2. 18
PHILIDAS.
PHILINUS.
artist's name, supposes that these statues, which PHILINNA or PHILINE (Φίλιννα, Φιλίνη),
are of Pentelic marble, belong to the Attic school the name of many Greek females, as, for instance,
of sculpture, in the age of Hadrian. (Zoëga's Leben, of the female dancer of Larissa in Thessaly, who
vol. ii. p. 366 ; Welcker, Kunstblati, 1827, pp. 330, was the mother of Arrhidaeus by Philip, the father
331 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 380, of Alexander the Great (Athen. xiii. p. 557, e ;
381. )
(P. S. ) Phot. Bill. p. 64. 23. ) It was also the name of
PHILEUS, an eminent Ionian architect, whose the mother of the poet Theocritus (Ep. 3).
name is variously written in different passages of PHILINUS (Pilivos). 1. A Greek of Agri-
Vitruvius, which, however, almost undoubtedly gentum, accompanied Hannibal in his campaigns
refer to the same person. In one passage (vii. against Rome, and wrote a history of the Punie
Praef. § 12) we are told that Prileos published a wars, in which he exhibited, says Polybius, as
voluine on the Ionic temple of Minerva at Priene ; much partiality towards Carthage, as Fabius did
then, just below, that Phiteus wrote concerning the towards Rome. His hatred against Rome may
Mausoleum, which was built by him and Satyrus; have been excited, as Niebuhr has remarked
in another passage (i. 1. $ 12)," he quotes from the (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 573), by the unfortu-
commentaries of Pythius, whom he calls the archi- nate fate of his native town, which was stormed
tect of the temple of Minerva at Priene ; and, in by the Romans in the first Punic war. How far
a fourth passage (iv. 3. § 1), he mentions Pytheus the history of Philinus came down is uncertain ; he
as a writer on architecture. A comparison of these is usually called by most modern writers the his-
pissages, especially taking into consideration the torian of the first Punic war ; but we have the ex-
various readings, can leave no doubt that this press testimony of Cornelius Nepos (Annil. 13)
Phileos, Phiteus, Pythius, or Pytheus, was one and that he also gave an account of the campaigns of
the same person, although it is hardly possible to Hannibal ; and we may therefore conclude that
determine the right form of the name : most of the his work contained the history of the second as
modern writers prefer the form Pytheus. From well as of the first Punic war. (Corn. Nep. I. c. ;
the passages taken together we learn that he was Polyb. i. 14, iii. 26 ; Diod. xxiii. 8, xxiv. 2, 3. )
the architect of two of the most magnificent build. To this Philinus Müller (Fraym. Hist. Graec. p.
ings erected in Asia Minor, at one of the best xlviii. ) assigns a work Nepd bouins, which Suidas
periods of the architecture of that country, the (s. v. piniokos i Pla. OTOS) erroneously ascribes to
Mausoleum, which he built in conjunction with Philistus.
SATYRUS, and the temple of Athena Polias, at 2. An Artic orator, a contemporary of Demos-
Priene ; and also that he was one of the chief thenes and Lycurgus. He is mentioned by De
writers on his art. The date of the erection of the mosthenes in his oration against Meidias (p. 566),
Mausoleum was soon after Ol. 106. 4, B. c. 358, who calls him the son of Nicostratus, and says
the year in which Mausolus died; that of the temple that he was trierarch with him. Harpocration
at Priene must have been about twenty years mentions three orations of Philinus. 1. Ipos
later, for we learn from an inscription that it was | Αισχύλου και Σοφοκλέους και Ευριπιδου εικόνας,
dedicated by Alexander (Ion. Antiq. vol. i. p. 12). which was against a proposition of Lycurgus that
This temple was, as its ruins still show, one of the statues should be erected to those poets (s. v. Iea-
most beautiful examples of the lonic order. It was pina). 2. Kard Awpoléou, which was ascribed
peripteral, and hexastyle, with propylaea, which likewise to Hyperides (s. t. évi kódens). 3. Kpa
have on their inner side, instead of Ionic pillars, κωνιδών διαδικασία προς Κοιρωνίδας, which was
pilasters, the capitals of which are decorated with ascribed by others to Lycurgus (s. r. Koipwvidas ;
gryphons in relief. (lon. Antiq. vol. i. c. 2 ; Choi- comp. Athen. X. p. 425, b; Bekker, Anecd.
seul-Gouffier, pl. 116; Mauch, die Griech. u. Rom. Graec. vol. i. p. 273. 5). An ancient grammarian,
Bauordnungen, pl. 40, 41 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. vi. p.
M. Schorn, pp. 381--383. )
(P. S. ) 748), says that Philinus borrowed from Demos-
PHILIADAS (ViAlá das), of Megara, an epi- thenes. (Ruhnken, Historia Oratorum Graecorum,
grammatic poet, who is only known by his epitaph p. 75, &c. ; Westermann, Geschichte der Griechis-
on the Thespians who fell at Thermopylae, which chen Bereditsa ni keit, $ 54, n. 29. )
is preserved by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. Oét- PHILI'NI'S (Pivos), a Greek physician, born
treia), by Eustathius (ad Il. ii. p. 201. 40), and in in the island of Cos, the reputed founder of the
the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal, vol. iii. p sect of the Empirici (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Puris.
329; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 80, xiii. P. rol. i. p. 395), of whose characteristic doctrines a
931. )
[P. S. ] short account is given in the Dict. of Antiq. s. c.
PHILIADES (viduádns), a Messenian father Empirici.
He was a pupil of Herophilus, a con-
of Neon and Thrasylochus, the partizans of Philip | temporary of Baccheius [BacCH EIUS), and a pre-
of Macedon (Neon). It is probable that Philiades decessor of Serapion, and therefore probably lived
himself was attached to the same party, as he is in the third century B. c. (Pseudo-Galen, Introd.
mentioned by Demosthenes in terms of contempt c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 683). He wrote a work on part
and aversion. (Dem. de Cor. p. 324, de Foed. of the Hippocratic collection directed against Bac-
c. Aler. p. 212 ; Polyb. xvii. 14. ) (E. H. B. ] cheius (Erot. Ler. Hippocr. in 6. 'Aubny), and
PHILIDAS (Þiaíðas), an Aetolian, who was also one on botany (Athen. xv. pp. 681, 682),
sent by Dorimachus, with a force of 600 men, to neither of which is now extant. It is perhaps
the assistance of the Elears during the Social War, this latter work that is quoted by Athenaeus
B. C. 218. He advanced into Triphylia, but was (xv. 28. pp. 681, 682), Pliny (H. V. xx. 91,
unable to make head against Philip, who drove and Index to books xx. and xxi. ), and Andro-
him in succession out of the fortresses of Lepreum machus (ap. Galen, De Compos. Medicami, sec. Loc.
and Samicum, and ultimately compelled him to vii. 6, De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 13, vol.
evacuate the whole of Triphylia. (Polyb. iv. 77– xiii. pp. 113, 812). A parallel has been drawa
80. )
(E. H. B. ] between Philinus and the late Dr. Hahnemann in
## p. 269 (#285) ############################################
PHILIPPIDES.
260
PHILIPPINES.
A dissertation by F. F. Brisken, entitled Philinus et son of Philocles, is mentioned as one of the six
Hahnemannus, seu Veleris Sectae Empiricae cum principal comic poets of the New Comedy by the
Hodierna Secta Homoeopathica Comparutio, Berol. grammarians (Proleg. ad Aristoph. p. 30 ; Tzetz.
1834, 8vo.
(W. A. G. ] Proleg. ad Lycophr. p. 257, with the emendation
PHILIÄPPICUS, or more correctly PHILE'PI. of Pittions for aotiwv, see PhilistioN). Ac-
CUS (PIATTIKOS or NetiKÓS), emperor of Con- cording to Suidas, he flourished in the 11lth Olym-
stantinople from December, A. D. 711, to the fourth piad, or B. C. 335, a date which would throw him
of June, 713. The account of his accession to the back rather into the period of the Middle Comedy.
throne is related in the life of the emperor Jus- | There are, however, several indications in the frag-
tinian II. Rhinoimetus. His original name was ments of his plays that he flourished under the
Bardanes; he was the son of Nicephorus Patricius ; successors of Alexander ; such as, first, his attacks
and he had distinguished himself as a general during on Stratocles, the fatterer of Demetrius and Anti-
the reigns of Justinian and his predecessors ; he gonus, which would place him between Ol. 118 and
was sent into exile by Tiberius Absimarus, on the 122 (Plut. Denetr. 12, 26, pp. 894, c. 900, f. ,
charge of aspiring to the crown. After having been Amator. p. 730, f. ), and more particularly his ridi-
proclaimed by the inhabitants of Cherson and by cule of the honours which were paid to Demetrius
ihe army, with which lie was commanded to ex- through the influence of Stratocles, in B. C. 301
terminate those people by the emperor Justinian (Clinton, F. H. sub ann. ); again, his friendship
II. , he assumed the name of Philippicus, or, as ex- with king Lysimachus, who was induced by him
tant coins of him have it, Filepicus ; Theophanes, to confer various favours on the Athenians, and
however, calls him Philippicus previous to his ac- who assumed the royal title in Ol. 118. 2, B. C.
cession. After the assassination of the tyrant Jus-306 (Plut. Demetr. 12); and the statements of
tinian, Philippicus ruled without opposition, though Plutarch (l. c. ) and Diodorua (xx. 110), that he
not without creating much dissatisfaction through ridiculed the Eleusinian mysteries, into which he
his dissolute course of life, and his unwise policy in had been initiated in the archonship of Nicocles,
religious matters. Belonging to the sect of the B. c. 302. It is true, as Clinton remarks (F. H.
Monothelists, he deposed the orthodox patriarch vol. ii. introd. p. xlv), that these indications may
Cyrus, and put the heretic John in his stead. The be reconciled with the possibility of his having flou-
whole East soon embraced, or at least tended to- rished at the date given by Suidas ; but a sounder
wards, Monothelism ; the emperor brought about the criticism requires us to alter that date to suit these
abolition of the canons of the sixth council ; and indications, which may easily be done, as Meineke
the names of the patriarchs, Sergius and Honorius, proposes, by changing pia', 111, into pid', 114, the
who had been anathematized by that council, were, latter Olympiad corresponding to B. c. 323 (Mei-
on his order, inserted in the sacred diptychs. Phi- neke, Menand. et Philem. Reliq. p. 44, Hist. Crit.
lippicus had scarcely arrived in his capital when Com. Graec. p. 471 ; in the latter passage Meineke
Terbilis, king of Bulgaria, made his sudden appear explains that the emendation of Suidas proposed
ance under its walls, burned the suburbs, and re- by him in the former, pro', was a misprint for ped').
tired with many captives and an immense booty. It is a confirmation of this date, that in the list above
During this time the Arabs took and burnt referred to of the six chief poets of the New Co-
Amasia (712), and in the following year (713) medy, Philippides comes, not first, but after Phile-
Antioch in Pisidia fell into their hands. The em- mon, Menander, and Diphilus : for if the list had
peror did nothing to prevent these or further dis- been in order of merit, and not of time, Menander
asters ; a plot, headed by the patricians Georgius, would have stood first. The mistake of Suidas
surnamed Boraphus, and Theodore Myacius, was may be explained by his confounding Philippides,
entered into to deprive him of his throne ; and the the comic poet, with the demagogue Philippides,
fatal day arrived without Philippicus being in the against whom Hyperides composed an oration, and
least prepared for it. On the 3rd of June, 713, he who is ridiculed for his leanness by Alexis, Aristo-
celebrated the anniversary of his death ; splendid phon, and other poets of the Middle Comedy ; an
entertainments were given in the hippodrome, the error into which other writers also have fallen, and
emperor with a brilliant cavalcade paraded through which Clinton (l. c. ) has satisfactorily refuted.
the streets of Constantinople, and when the even- Philippides seems to have deserved the rank as-
ing approached, the prince sat down with his signed to him, as one of the best poets of the New
courtiers to a sumptuous banquet. According to Comedy. He attacked the luxury and corruptions of
his habit, Philippicus took such copious libations his age, defended the privileges of his art, and made
that his attendants were obliged to put him to bed use of personal satire with a spirit approaching to that
in a senseless state. On a given signal
, one of the of the Old Comedy (see Meineke, Hist
. Crit. pp. 437,
conspirators, Rufus, entered the bed-room, and, 471). Plutarch eulogizes him highly (Demetr. 1. c. ).
with the assistance of his friends, carried the Ilis death is said to have been caused by excessive
drunken prince off to a lonely place, where he was joy at an unexpected victory (Gell. iii, 15): similar
deprived of his eyesight. A general tumult ensued, tales are told of the deaths of other poets, as for
and the people, disregarding the pretensions of the example, Sophocles, Alexis, and Philemon. It
conspirators, proclaimed one of their own favourites, appears
, from the passage of Gellius just quoted,
Anastasius II. Philippicus ended his life in ob- that Philippides lived to an advanced age.
scurity, but we have no particulars referring to the The number of his dramas is stated by Suidas at
time of his death. (Theophan. pp. 311, 316– forty-five. There are fifteen titles extant, namely:
321 ; Niceph. Const. p. 141, &c. ed. Paris, 1616, 1-'Αδωνιάζουσαι, 'Αμφιάραος, Ανανέωσις, 'Αργυρίου
8νο. ; Zonar. vol. ii. p. 96, &c. ed. Paris ; Cedrenus, αφανισμός, Αυλοί, Βασανιζομένη, Λακιάδαι, Μασ.
P. 446, &c. ; Paul. Diacon. de Gest. Longob. vi. 31 Tpotós, 'Oavvola, Evut léovoal, or perhaps Evvec.
-33; Suid. 8. ο. Φιλιππικός ; Eckhel, Doctr. Num. | πλέουσαι, Φιλάδελφοι, Φιλαθήναιος, Φιλάργυρος,
vol. viii. pp. 229 230. )
[W. P. ) Φίλαρχος, Φιλευριπίδης.
Another poem, entitled Nafiakó, has been ascribed scholiasts on Aristophanes quote a statement re-
to Philetas, on the authority of Eustathius (Ad specting the Sibyls, but who is otherwise unknown.
Hom. p. 1885. 51); but Meineke has shown that (Schol. ad Aristoph. Pac. 1071, Av. 963 ; Suid,
the name of the author quoted by Eustathius was 8. %. Báris ; Vossius, de Hist. Graec. p. 485, ed.
Philteas, not Philetas. (Anal. Alex. Epim. ii. pp. Westermann. )
[P. S. ]
351-353. )
PHILE/TES (Putns), a Greek physician, who
There are also a few fragments from the poems of lived probably in the fifth century B. C. , as he is
Philetas, which cannot be assigned to their proper mentioned by Galen as a contemporary of some of
places : among them are a few lambic lines, which the most ancient medical men. He was one of the
are wrongly ascribed to him in consequence of the persons to whom some ancient critics attributed the
confusion between names beginning with the syl- treatise Tepl Alains, De Victus Ratione, which
lable Phil, which has been already referred to under forms part of the Hippocratic Collection. (Galen, De
PHILEMON : Philetas has also been erroneously Aliment. Facult. i. 1, vol. vi. p. 473. ) [W. A. G. ]
supposed to have written bucolic poems, on the PHILEU'MENOS (eúuevos), a sculptor,
authority of the passage of Theocritus, above re- whose name was for the first time discovered in
ferred to, which only speaks of the beauty of his 1808, in an inscription on the support of the left
poetry in general ; and also on the authority of foot of a statue in the Villa Albani, where there is
some verses in Moschus (Idyll
. iii. 94, foll. ), which also another statue evidently by the same hand
ve known to have been interpolated by Musaeus. | Zoëga, to whom we owe the publication of the
## p. 268 (#284) ############################################
2. 18
PHILIDAS.
PHILINUS.
artist's name, supposes that these statues, which PHILINNA or PHILINE (Φίλιννα, Φιλίνη),
are of Pentelic marble, belong to the Attic school the name of many Greek females, as, for instance,
of sculpture, in the age of Hadrian. (Zoëga's Leben, of the female dancer of Larissa in Thessaly, who
vol. ii. p. 366 ; Welcker, Kunstblati, 1827, pp. 330, was the mother of Arrhidaeus by Philip, the father
331 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, pp. 380, of Alexander the Great (Athen. xiii. p. 557, e ;
381. )
(P. S. ) Phot. Bill. p. 64. 23. ) It was also the name of
PHILEUS, an eminent Ionian architect, whose the mother of the poet Theocritus (Ep. 3).
name is variously written in different passages of PHILINUS (Pilivos). 1. A Greek of Agri-
Vitruvius, which, however, almost undoubtedly gentum, accompanied Hannibal in his campaigns
refer to the same person. In one passage (vii. against Rome, and wrote a history of the Punie
Praef. § 12) we are told that Prileos published a wars, in which he exhibited, says Polybius, as
voluine on the Ionic temple of Minerva at Priene ; much partiality towards Carthage, as Fabius did
then, just below, that Phiteus wrote concerning the towards Rome. His hatred against Rome may
Mausoleum, which was built by him and Satyrus; have been excited, as Niebuhr has remarked
in another passage (i. 1. $ 12)," he quotes from the (Hist. of Rome, vol. iii. p. 573), by the unfortu-
commentaries of Pythius, whom he calls the archi- nate fate of his native town, which was stormed
tect of the temple of Minerva at Priene ; and, in by the Romans in the first Punic war. How far
a fourth passage (iv. 3. § 1), he mentions Pytheus the history of Philinus came down is uncertain ; he
as a writer on architecture. A comparison of these is usually called by most modern writers the his-
pissages, especially taking into consideration the torian of the first Punic war ; but we have the ex-
various readings, can leave no doubt that this press testimony of Cornelius Nepos (Annil. 13)
Phileos, Phiteus, Pythius, or Pytheus, was one and that he also gave an account of the campaigns of
the same person, although it is hardly possible to Hannibal ; and we may therefore conclude that
determine the right form of the name : most of the his work contained the history of the second as
modern writers prefer the form Pytheus. From well as of the first Punic war. (Corn. Nep. I. c. ;
the passages taken together we learn that he was Polyb. i. 14, iii. 26 ; Diod. xxiii. 8, xxiv. 2, 3. )
the architect of two of the most magnificent build. To this Philinus Müller (Fraym. Hist. Graec. p.
ings erected in Asia Minor, at one of the best xlviii. ) assigns a work Nepd bouins, which Suidas
periods of the architecture of that country, the (s. v. piniokos i Pla. OTOS) erroneously ascribes to
Mausoleum, which he built in conjunction with Philistus.
SATYRUS, and the temple of Athena Polias, at 2. An Artic orator, a contemporary of Demos-
Priene ; and also that he was one of the chief thenes and Lycurgus. He is mentioned by De
writers on his art. The date of the erection of the mosthenes in his oration against Meidias (p. 566),
Mausoleum was soon after Ol. 106. 4, B. c. 358, who calls him the son of Nicostratus, and says
the year in which Mausolus died; that of the temple that he was trierarch with him. Harpocration
at Priene must have been about twenty years mentions three orations of Philinus. 1. Ipos
later, for we learn from an inscription that it was | Αισχύλου και Σοφοκλέους και Ευριπιδου εικόνας,
dedicated by Alexander (Ion. Antiq. vol. i. p. 12). which was against a proposition of Lycurgus that
This temple was, as its ruins still show, one of the statues should be erected to those poets (s. v. Iea-
most beautiful examples of the lonic order. It was pina). 2. Kard Awpoléou, which was ascribed
peripteral, and hexastyle, with propylaea, which likewise to Hyperides (s. t. évi kódens). 3. Kpa
have on their inner side, instead of Ionic pillars, κωνιδών διαδικασία προς Κοιρωνίδας, which was
pilasters, the capitals of which are decorated with ascribed by others to Lycurgus (s. r. Koipwvidas ;
gryphons in relief. (lon. Antiq. vol. i. c. 2 ; Choi- comp. Athen. X. p. 425, b; Bekker, Anecd.
seul-Gouffier, pl. 116; Mauch, die Griech. u. Rom. Graec. vol. i. p. 273. 5). An ancient grammarian,
Bauordnungen, pl. 40, 41 ; R. Rochette, Lettre à quoted by Clemens Alexandrinus (Strom. vi. p.
M. Schorn, pp. 381--383. )
(P. S. ) 748), says that Philinus borrowed from Demos-
PHILIADAS (ViAlá das), of Megara, an epi- thenes. (Ruhnken, Historia Oratorum Graecorum,
grammatic poet, who is only known by his epitaph p. 75, &c. ; Westermann, Geschichte der Griechis-
on the Thespians who fell at Thermopylae, which chen Bereditsa ni keit, $ 54, n. 29. )
is preserved by Stephanus Byzantinus (s. v. Oét- PHILI'NI'S (Pivos), a Greek physician, born
treia), by Eustathius (ad Il. ii. p. 201. 40), and in in the island of Cos, the reputed founder of the
the Greek Anthology. (Brunck, Anal, vol. iii. p sect of the Empirici (Cramer's Anecd. Graeca Puris.
329; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. i. p. 80, xiii. P. rol. i. p. 395), of whose characteristic doctrines a
931. )
[P. S. ] short account is given in the Dict. of Antiq. s. c.
PHILIADES (viduádns), a Messenian father Empirici.
He was a pupil of Herophilus, a con-
of Neon and Thrasylochus, the partizans of Philip | temporary of Baccheius [BacCH EIUS), and a pre-
of Macedon (Neon). It is probable that Philiades decessor of Serapion, and therefore probably lived
himself was attached to the same party, as he is in the third century B. c. (Pseudo-Galen, Introd.
mentioned by Demosthenes in terms of contempt c. 4, vol. xiv. p. 683). He wrote a work on part
and aversion. (Dem. de Cor. p. 324, de Foed. of the Hippocratic collection directed against Bac-
c. Aler. p. 212 ; Polyb. xvii. 14. ) (E. H. B. ] cheius (Erot. Ler. Hippocr. in 6. 'Aubny), and
PHILIDAS (Þiaíðas), an Aetolian, who was also one on botany (Athen. xv. pp. 681, 682),
sent by Dorimachus, with a force of 600 men, to neither of which is now extant. It is perhaps
the assistance of the Elears during the Social War, this latter work that is quoted by Athenaeus
B. C. 218. He advanced into Triphylia, but was (xv. 28. pp. 681, 682), Pliny (H. V. xx. 91,
unable to make head against Philip, who drove and Index to books xx. and xxi. ), and Andro-
him in succession out of the fortresses of Lepreum machus (ap. Galen, De Compos. Medicami, sec. Loc.
and Samicum, and ultimately compelled him to vii. 6, De Compos. Medicam. sec. Gen. v. 13, vol.
evacuate the whole of Triphylia. (Polyb. iv. 77– xiii. pp. 113, 812). A parallel has been drawa
80. )
(E. H. B. ] between Philinus and the late Dr. Hahnemann in
## p. 269 (#285) ############################################
PHILIPPIDES.
260
PHILIPPINES.
A dissertation by F. F. Brisken, entitled Philinus et son of Philocles, is mentioned as one of the six
Hahnemannus, seu Veleris Sectae Empiricae cum principal comic poets of the New Comedy by the
Hodierna Secta Homoeopathica Comparutio, Berol. grammarians (Proleg. ad Aristoph. p. 30 ; Tzetz.
1834, 8vo.
(W. A. G. ] Proleg. ad Lycophr. p. 257, with the emendation
PHILIÄPPICUS, or more correctly PHILE'PI. of Pittions for aotiwv, see PhilistioN). Ac-
CUS (PIATTIKOS or NetiKÓS), emperor of Con- cording to Suidas, he flourished in the 11lth Olym-
stantinople from December, A. D. 711, to the fourth piad, or B. C. 335, a date which would throw him
of June, 713. The account of his accession to the back rather into the period of the Middle Comedy.
throne is related in the life of the emperor Jus- | There are, however, several indications in the frag-
tinian II. Rhinoimetus. His original name was ments of his plays that he flourished under the
Bardanes; he was the son of Nicephorus Patricius ; successors of Alexander ; such as, first, his attacks
and he had distinguished himself as a general during on Stratocles, the fatterer of Demetrius and Anti-
the reigns of Justinian and his predecessors ; he gonus, which would place him between Ol. 118 and
was sent into exile by Tiberius Absimarus, on the 122 (Plut. Denetr. 12, 26, pp. 894, c. 900, f. ,
charge of aspiring to the crown. After having been Amator. p. 730, f. ), and more particularly his ridi-
proclaimed by the inhabitants of Cherson and by cule of the honours which were paid to Demetrius
ihe army, with which lie was commanded to ex- through the influence of Stratocles, in B. C. 301
terminate those people by the emperor Justinian (Clinton, F. H. sub ann. ); again, his friendship
II. , he assumed the name of Philippicus, or, as ex- with king Lysimachus, who was induced by him
tant coins of him have it, Filepicus ; Theophanes, to confer various favours on the Athenians, and
however, calls him Philippicus previous to his ac- who assumed the royal title in Ol. 118. 2, B. C.
cession. After the assassination of the tyrant Jus-306 (Plut. Demetr. 12); and the statements of
tinian, Philippicus ruled without opposition, though Plutarch (l. c. ) and Diodorua (xx. 110), that he
not without creating much dissatisfaction through ridiculed the Eleusinian mysteries, into which he
his dissolute course of life, and his unwise policy in had been initiated in the archonship of Nicocles,
religious matters. Belonging to the sect of the B. c. 302. It is true, as Clinton remarks (F. H.
Monothelists, he deposed the orthodox patriarch vol. ii. introd. p. xlv), that these indications may
Cyrus, and put the heretic John in his stead. The be reconciled with the possibility of his having flou-
whole East soon embraced, or at least tended to- rished at the date given by Suidas ; but a sounder
wards, Monothelism ; the emperor brought about the criticism requires us to alter that date to suit these
abolition of the canons of the sixth council ; and indications, which may easily be done, as Meineke
the names of the patriarchs, Sergius and Honorius, proposes, by changing pia', 111, into pid', 114, the
who had been anathematized by that council, were, latter Olympiad corresponding to B. c. 323 (Mei-
on his order, inserted in the sacred diptychs. Phi- neke, Menand. et Philem. Reliq. p. 44, Hist. Crit.
lippicus had scarcely arrived in his capital when Com. Graec. p. 471 ; in the latter passage Meineke
Terbilis, king of Bulgaria, made his sudden appear explains that the emendation of Suidas proposed
ance under its walls, burned the suburbs, and re- by him in the former, pro', was a misprint for ped').
tired with many captives and an immense booty. It is a confirmation of this date, that in the list above
During this time the Arabs took and burnt referred to of the six chief poets of the New Co-
Amasia (712), and in the following year (713) medy, Philippides comes, not first, but after Phile-
Antioch in Pisidia fell into their hands. The em- mon, Menander, and Diphilus : for if the list had
peror did nothing to prevent these or further dis- been in order of merit, and not of time, Menander
asters ; a plot, headed by the patricians Georgius, would have stood first. The mistake of Suidas
surnamed Boraphus, and Theodore Myacius, was may be explained by his confounding Philippides,
entered into to deprive him of his throne ; and the the comic poet, with the demagogue Philippides,
fatal day arrived without Philippicus being in the against whom Hyperides composed an oration, and
least prepared for it. On the 3rd of June, 713, he who is ridiculed for his leanness by Alexis, Aristo-
celebrated the anniversary of his death ; splendid phon, and other poets of the Middle Comedy ; an
entertainments were given in the hippodrome, the error into which other writers also have fallen, and
emperor with a brilliant cavalcade paraded through which Clinton (l. c. ) has satisfactorily refuted.
the streets of Constantinople, and when the even- Philippides seems to have deserved the rank as-
ing approached, the prince sat down with his signed to him, as one of the best poets of the New
courtiers to a sumptuous banquet. According to Comedy. He attacked the luxury and corruptions of
his habit, Philippicus took such copious libations his age, defended the privileges of his art, and made
that his attendants were obliged to put him to bed use of personal satire with a spirit approaching to that
in a senseless state. On a given signal
, one of the of the Old Comedy (see Meineke, Hist
. Crit. pp. 437,
conspirators, Rufus, entered the bed-room, and, 471). Plutarch eulogizes him highly (Demetr. 1. c. ).
with the assistance of his friends, carried the Ilis death is said to have been caused by excessive
drunken prince off to a lonely place, where he was joy at an unexpected victory (Gell. iii, 15): similar
deprived of his eyesight. A general tumult ensued, tales are told of the deaths of other poets, as for
and the people, disregarding the pretensions of the example, Sophocles, Alexis, and Philemon. It
conspirators, proclaimed one of their own favourites, appears
, from the passage of Gellius just quoted,
Anastasius II. Philippicus ended his life in ob- that Philippides lived to an advanced age.
scurity, but we have no particulars referring to the The number of his dramas is stated by Suidas at
time of his death. (Theophan. pp. 311, 316– forty-five. There are fifteen titles extant, namely:
321 ; Niceph. Const. p. 141, &c. ed. Paris, 1616, 1-'Αδωνιάζουσαι, 'Αμφιάραος, Ανανέωσις, 'Αργυρίου
8νο. ; Zonar. vol. ii. p. 96, &c. ed. Paris ; Cedrenus, αφανισμός, Αυλοί, Βασανιζομένη, Λακιάδαι, Μασ.
P. 446, &c. ; Paul. Diacon. de Gest. Longob. vi. 31 Tpotós, 'Oavvola, Evut léovoal, or perhaps Evvec.
-33; Suid. 8. ο. Φιλιππικός ; Eckhel, Doctr. Num. | πλέουσαι, Φιλάδελφοι, Φιλαθήναιος, Φιλάργυρος,
vol. viii. pp. 229 230. )
[W. P. ) Φίλαρχος, Φιλευριπίδης.
