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GLOSSARIES
English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
This glossary combines an adaptation of the glossary I created for my Central Philosophy ofTibet (a study and translation of Tsong Khapa's Essence ofTrue Eloquence) with the glossary of terms extracted from this present perfection stage work. The author often refers to his Centrist philosophical terminology since he considers the Nllgarjuna, Aryadeva, and Chandrakirti of the Centrist works and the eponymous authors of the Tantric works to be the very same persons. Further, he considers the Centrist and Unexcelled Yoga Tantric studies and practices to be totally integrated as wisdom and art studies and practices.
English
abode (place, locus)
absolute (exclusion) negation
absolute (ultimate) absolute (ultimate) reality absolutism
absolutist extreme absolutist extremism absolutistic imagination
accessories of enlightenment accomplishment (power) accumulation path
action
action (evolution)
activity
actuality (reality, thatness) addicted
addiction
addictive mentality addictive miKknowledge
addictive ob! ICuration
aftermath intuition
aggregate
Tibetan
gnas
med dgag
don dam pa
don dam bden pa
yod par smra ba, yod par 'dzin pa
yod mtha'
yod mtha'dzin pa
yod pa nyid du yongs su brtags
Sanskrit
ll5raya prasajyaprati$edha
paramllrtha paramllrthasatya bhllvavllda, bhllvagraha
bhllvllnta bhllvllntagraha
bhllvatvaparikalpana
byang chub kyi phyogs chos bodhipak$ikadharma
dngos grub tshogs lam bya ba
las
bya ba
de nyid, de kho na nyid
kun nas nyon mongs pa
nyon mongs
nyon yid
nyon mongs can gyi ma rig pa
nyon sgrib
rjes thob ye ! ihcs phung po
593
siddhi
sam bhllramllrga karaJ;? a
karma
kriyll
tattva
sam kleSika kle5a
kli? flmana kli? tlvidya
ktcsavanu;ut pr? t111Iabdhujnana skundhu
594 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
alien fundamentalist alienated individual all-accomplishing intuition Analyst
analytic (critical) insight analytic meditation analytic rational cognition ancestral mentor tradition angel, (lakini
animate
annihilism
annihilistic extremism anomalous creation antagonist (opponent) anxiety
anxiety
apperception (introspection) apperceptive experience arisal, resurrection
arrangement array
aror gance art intuition art, method
articulation
ascendance
ascending (wind)
ascetical observances
ascriptive (substantive) designation
aspect, form
atom, subatomic particle attitude, mental function attractive
bad migration
basis
Tibetan
gzhan mu stegs can so so'i skye bo
bya sgrub ye shes bye brag smra ba lhag mthong
dpyad sgom
dpyod pa'i rigs shes bla rna brgyud rim mkha' 'gro rna
rgyu ba
chad Ita
chad mthar 'dzin pa ldan min 'du byed phyir rgol
'gyod pa
dogs pa dang bcas pa
rang rig
rang gis rig pa
ldang ba
mam gzhag
mam par dgod pa khengs pa (nga rgyal) thabs kyi ye shes
thabs
mngon par brjod pa mngon mtho
gyen rgyu, steng rgyu dka' thub sdom pa ngo bor brtags pa
mam pa
rdul phra rab
yid Ia byed pa
yid du ' ong ba
ngan 'gro, ngan song gzhi
Sanskrit
paratirthika prthagjana krtyllnu? thilna-jiillnarit vaibhll? Tka
vipasyana savicllrabhilvana ? savicllrayuktiji'iiln? guru-purva-krama (lakinI
jangama ucchedad:r? ti ucchedilntagraha viprayuktasaritskllra
kaukflya
cak. ita
svasaritvitti, svasaritvedana svasaritvedya
vyutthana
vyavasthana
vinyasa
mana
upaya-jiiana
upaya
abhillipana
abhyudaya
udllna (vllyu) du? kara-niyama svabhllvavikalpana
llkllra paramllQu manaskara manojiia apaya, durgati adhara
base
,
English
base, ground beatific body beginner being
between between-being bhusuku
bile
binh, life
binhless, unproduced blame
blissful lord bodhisattva
body
body isolation body vajra boldness
bond
brahmin
breath
bubble
buddha
buddhahood buddhaverse categorical differential causal process
cause central way
Centrism Centrist champion
champions' way champions' way pioneer
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 595 Sanskrit
Tibetan
gzhi. gnas
longs sku
las dang po pa
sems can. ? gro ba. skye bo
bar do
srid pa bar rna pa
bu su ku
mkhris pa
skye ba
skye ba med pa
smad pa
bde bar gshegs pa byang chub sems dpa' Ius, sku
Ius mam par dben pa sku rdo rje
dka' ba Ia sbyor ba being ba, 'ching ba bram ze
dbugs
chu'i chu bur
sangs rgyas
sangs rgyas nyid sangs rgyas kyi zhing rang ldog
rgyu mtshan
rgyu
dbu rna, dbu ma'i lam
dbu ma'i Ita ba dbu rna pa
shing rta chen po shing rta'i srol
shing rta'i srol phye ba
a? raya. lldhllra sarilbhogakaya adikarmika
sattva. jana, jagat, jantu
antarabhava antarabhavin bhusuku pitta
janman
anutpada
ninda
sugata
bodhisattva
kiiya, deha, bimba, morti, sarira, vigraha, kalevara
kiiya-viveka kiiya-vajra
siihasa
bandhana, prabandha briihmaoa
nibSviisa, svilsa budbuda
buddha
buddhatva buddha-k$etra *svavyilvftli nimitta, hetunimitta hetu
Madhyamaka, madhyamapratipat
Miidhyamika-dmi Miidhyamika maharatha maharathanaya *maharathanayakara
596 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English Tibetan
charnel ground dur khrod choice (implicative) negation rna yin dgag
Sanskrit
? masana paryudasaprati? edha svadhidaiva
cakra
kula
gotra
abhisam bodhi
abhisam bodhi-krama, sam bodhikrama
prabhasvara prabhasvara-jiilina audarika, stho Ia jiiana, buddhi
agantuka sannipata
sam vaha [vayu]
yuganaddha samaja samajika
sahacari
karuoa, kanu;tya manana
vikalpa
sam jiill-skandha
(bodhi)citta-utpllda
abhinivdya vyapti carya
chosen deity
circle, retinue
clan
class, gene, lineage clear enlightenment
clear enlightenment stage
clear light
clear light intuition
coarse
cognition
cognitive status
cognitive superficial reality coincidental
collection
commoving [wind]
Communion, union Community Community practitioner
companion
compassion, empathy
conceit
concept, conceptuality
conception (perception) aggregate
conception of the spirit (of enlightenment)
conceptual object concomitance conduct, lifestyle
confutation through similarity of reasons
rang gi lha 'khor lo, tshogs
rigs
rigs
mngon par rdzogs par byang chub pa
mngon par byang chub pa'i rim pa
'od gsal
'od gsal ye shes
rags pa
shes pa, blo
bios grub pa
shes pa'i kun rdzob bden pa
glo bur ba
'dus pa
yang dag par rgyu ba'i [rlung]
zung du 'jug pa
'dus pa
'dus pa'i don Ia zhugs pa mams
lhan cig spyod pa
snying rje
rlom sems
mam par rtog pa, mam rtog 'du shes kyi phung po
(byang chub kyi) sems bskyed pa
zhen yul khyab pa spyod pa
rgyu mtshan mtshungs pa'i mgo snyoms
English
conscious futile view consciousness consecrated, blessed consecration, blessing consequence
consort, seal, gesture construct, thought constructed reality consummation, ultimate contact
contemplation (branch)
continuum, continuity
convention (verbal and symbolic)
conventional cognition
conventional existence
conventional rational cognition
conventional reality
conventional status
conventional truth
conventional validating cognition
conventionally ascriptive intellect
conviction courage crafty
craving creation creation creation stage
critical wisdom crown-protrusion, ushnisha crucial point
cryptic expressions
cyclic life, life-cycle
Tibetan
kun btags kyi ]ig Ita mam par shes pa byin gyis brlabs pa byin gyis brlabs pa thai ba
phyag rgya
rtog pa
mam brtags kyi ngo bo nyid
mthar thug pa
reg pa
bsam gtan (yan lag)
rgyun, rgyud
(ming dang brda'i) tha snyad (namasam keta) vyavahllra
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 597 Sanskrit
tha snyad pa'i shes pa tha snyad du yod pa tha snyad pa'i rigs shes
tha snyad bden pa
tha snyad du grub pa tha snyad bden pa
tha snyad pa'i tshad rna
tha snyad 'dogs pa'i blo
zhen pa
sems dpa' (sems pa) gyo
sred pa, skom pa bskyed pa
'du byed
bskyed rim
shes rab
gtsug gtor
don gyi dbang
sgra sbas pa
lchor ba
vyllvaha. rikajii! na vyavaha. rikasat
*vya. vaha. rikayuktijiia. na
vyavaharikasatya vyavaha. rasiddha vyavahllrikasatya
vyavaharikaprama. oa
abhinive? cinta
? tta
tt'$Qli
utpatti
sam skara utpattikrama prajiill U? QI? a
artha-va8a nigo Qha-8abda
sam sllra
parikalpita-satkayadl'$t viji\Dna
adhi? tlita
adhi$tl! na
prasariga
mudrll
kalpana vikalpitasvabhllva paryanta
spar?
dhyllna (aoga) tantu, prabandha
598 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
(,fakinT. angel
dance, drama deceitful
dedication
deed
defining characteristic
definitive meaning deity body
deity body formation deity embodiment deity reality
deity vision
deity yoga
deluded
dependent designation
dependent origination (relativity)
depression
descriptive (qualitative) designation
designation
designation
designative base (referential base)
designative existence designative superficial
reality
desire (lust)
desire objects
desire realm destruction
determinate (cognition)
determination
determine, ascertain development, maturation
Tibetan
mkha' 'gro rna gar
sgyu
yongs su bsngo ba bya ba
rang gi mtshan nyid nges pa'i don, nges don lha'i sku
lha nyid du bskyed pa lha'i sku
lha'i de kho na nyid
lha ru nye bar dmigs pa lha'i mal 'byor
rmongs pa
Sanskrit
(,lakinI
nataka
kapata
paril)iimana
kriya
svalak? al)a (Abhidharma) nnartha
devatii-rupa, -milrti devatli-ni? patti devatii-vigraha devatii-tattva devatopalabdhika devata-yoga mohita upiidiiyaprajfiapati
brten nas gdags pa
rten cing 'brel bar 'byung ba pratityasamutpada
skyo ba
khyad par du brtags pa
mam pa
gdags pa, brtags pa gdags gzhi, gdags don
gdags su yod pa
btags pa'i kun rdzob bden pa
'dod pa
'dod pa'i yon tan
'dod pa'i khams
mngon spyod
roam ldan (gyi shes pa)
gtan Ia 'bab pa, mam par nges pa, yongs su gcod pa
nges pa
mam par smin pa
kheda vise? avikalpana
iiklira
prajfiapti, vikalpa prajfiapya, prajfiapylirtha
prajfiaptisat
kama
kama-gul)a
klimadhatu
abhicaruka
sakara Unana)
vini? caya, nill)aya, paricchinna
niscaya vipaka
English
devotee hero
devotion
dedication
devotional practice Dharma (dharma) dialectical (public) reason dialectical consequence
diamond smithereen diamond-like samlldhi
differential
digits
direct objective basis of expressions
discerned
discernment
disciple
Disciple Vehicle discipline
discipline
discourse, scripture, sOtra dispassion
dispassionate practice dissolving contemplation distinctive characteristic distinctive specialty
divine lord dogmaticism, privacy Dogmaticist Dogmaticist Centrist dogmatist domination, power doubt
dream
dreamlike
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 599 Sanskrit
Tibetan
dam tsig sems dpa'
mos
mchog tu gzhol ba
brtul zhugs kyi spyod pa chos
gshan grags kyi rtags
thai ba
rdo rje gzegs rna
ting nge 'dzin rdo rje'i gzugs Ita bu
ldog pa
nying lag
brjod byed kyi dngos yul
yongs su bead pa rnam dpyod
nyan thos
nyan thos theg pa brtul zhugs
'dul ba
mdo
'dod chags bral ba
chags bral spyod pa
rjes gzhig bsam gtan
rang gi mtshan nyid
thun mong min pa'i khyad chos
bcom Idan 'das
rang rgyud
rang rgyud pa
dbu rna rang rgyud pa rtog ge pa
dbang
som nyi
rmi lam
rmi lam Ita bu
samayasattva bhakti
parllya? ;ta vrata-caryll dharma paraprasiddhahetu prasaitga
vajra-bimbopamaril-samadhi
vylivrtti pratyaitga
parichinna
srlivaka srlivaka-ylina niyama vinaya
sutra
virliga
virliga-caryli anubheda-dhylina svalak? a? ;ta (Abhidharma) aslidhara? ;tavise? a
bhagavan
svlitantryli
Svlitantrika Svlitantrikamadhyamika tarkika
vasya samsaya svapna svapnopama
600 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
dual
dualism
dualism, dualistic theory earth
education
effort, enterprise effortless (spontaneous) egocentric person egoism, "I"-habit
eight great powers
eight superhuman powers
eight worldly concerns
eighth stage god
elaborated conduct
elaboration, fabrication, proliferation
element, realm elemental derivative elixir
elixir of immortality eloquence
eloquent elucidation
emanation body
embracing
emitting, shining
emptied
emptied, voided
emptiness of objective self
emptiness of personal self
emptiness of relative with respect to imagined
emptiness of subject-object substantial dichotomy
emptiness, voidness endurance (branch) energy, wind-energy
Tibetan
gnyis pa
gnyis su 'dzin pa gnyis su smra ba dbang chen
bslab pa
brtson pa, brtson 'grus lhun gyis grub pa mtshur mthong
ngar 'dzin
grub chen brgyad
yon tan gyi dbang phyug brgyad
'jig rten chos brgyad sa brgyad dbang phyug spros bcas spyod pa spros pa
khams
'byung ba las gyur pa
bdud rtsi
ra sa ya na
legs bshad, spobs pa
legs bshad
sprul sku
'khyud pa
spro ba, 'byung ba
gang stong pa1 gzhi
gang gis stong pa
chos bdag gi stong pa nyid gang zag gi stong pa nyid
kun brtags kyis stong pa1 gzhan dbang
gzung 'dzin rdzas tha dad kyis stong pa nyid
stong pa nyid 'dzin pa (yan lag) rlung
Sanskrit
dvaya dvayagraha dvayavada mahendra Sik? a. adhiSik? a vrrya
anabhoga
arvligdar? ana aharit kara
a? tl-mahasiddhi a? tlguQaiSvarya
a? tl-loka-dharma a? tlmisvara prapaiicacaryil prapaiica
dhatu
bhautika
am{ta
rasayana
subha? ita, pratibhana subha? ita nirmllr,la-kaya alingana
spharaQa
so nyatadhara
yad sunyata
dharmatmaso nyata pudgalaso nyata *parikalpitaso nyaparatantra
*grahyagrahakadravyabhedat vena
so nyata dharaQa (aQga) vaya, vata
English
enlightenment
enthusiasm entranced entrancement envy
equality intuition equanimity
erotic
erotic mood
erotic play, music
error
establishment, status eternalistic extremism ethics, morality, justice etymology
evacuative, evacuating
evil, ugliness
evolution advocate
evolution, evolutionary action, action
evolutionary development
exclusion
exclusion negation, absolute negation
exclusion, differential exhalation, consolation exhaustion
existence
existence
existent, thing
experience
experiential medium, medium
Experientialist, Idealist expert
explanatory Tantra
Tibetan
byang chub, sangs rgyas nyid
spro ba
snyoms par zhugs pa mnyam par gzhag pa phrag dog
mnyam nyid ye shes btang snyoms
snyan, sgeg pa
sgeg pa'i ro
rol pa, rol mo
'khrul pa
grub pa
rtag mthar 'dzin pa tshul khrims
nges tshig
thur sel
mi dge ba
las su smra ba
las
las kyi mam par smin pa mam bead
med dgag
ldog pa
dbugs 'byung ba dub pa
srid pa
yod pa
dngos po
rjes su myong ba skye mched
mal byor spyod pa mkhas pa
bshad rgyud
bodhi, buddhatvam
utsaha samapanna samahita matsarya samatll-ji\ana upek? a
s(l'tgara
S(l'tgara rasa kric,lll, lila bhranti
siddha Slll! vatantagraha sila
nirukti apana a5ubha karma-vadin karma
karmavipaka vichinna prasajyaprati? edha
vyavrtti
ucchvlisa, nii;Shvasa klamatha
bhava
sat
bhava
anubhava liyatana
yogacara paoc;lita vyakhya-tantra
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 601 Sanskrit
602 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
explicit expression expressible, subject expressive verbal universal external object external-object-status
extreme void
extreme, limit
extremely unelaborated
extremely unelaborated conduct
extremely unelaborated lifestyle
extremism
extremist view fabrication, elaboration face value
facticity, reality
faith
fire
fire offering fire-offering-pit
five desire objects
five elixirs
five intuitions
five migrations five stages
five subjectivities flirtation
fluency
form, appearance form, matter formability
formable
formless realm, immaterial realm
Tibetan
bshad pa'i sgra brjod bya
brjod byed sgra spyi phyi don
phyi don du grub pa shin tu stong pa
mtha'
shin tu spros pa med pa
shin tu spros pa med pa' i spyod pa
shin tu spros pa med pa'i spyod pa
mthar 'dzin
mthar 'dzin gyi Ita ba
spros pa
stobs zhugs
chos nyid
dad pa
me
sbyin bsregs
thab khung
'dod pa'i yon tan lnga
bdud rtsi lnga
ye shes lnga
'gro ba lnga
rims lnga
shes pa lnga
rnam par rol pa, mam par sgeg pa
shin sbyangs
rnam pa
gzugs
gzugs su rung ba nyid
gzugs su rung ba gzugs med khams
Sanskrit
uttllna-sabda
abhidheya *abhidha. nasabdasamanya ba. hy! irtha bahyarthasiddha
atisnnya
anta atyanta-ni? prapaiicat! i
atyanta ni? prapaiicat! i cary! i atyanta-ni? prapaiica-carya
antagraha antagrahadnti prapaiica
dharmata
sraddha
tejas, hutabhug, agni homa
kur:u;la
paiicakamaguQa paiiclilll{ta
paiica-joana gati-paiicaka, paiicagati paiica-krama paiica-ji\ana
viUlsa
pra? rabdhi akara
rnpa rnpyata rnpya
arnpya-dhatu
English
formless, immaterial
foundation, base foundationless, baseless four divine abodes
four noble truths
four voids
fourfold procedure functional capacity functional reasoning fundamental consciousness fundamentalist vehicle Further Tantra
futile view
future life
gene, spiritual gene, class, lineage
genealogical determinism
generality, universal generosity
glory
goal
god, deity
goddess
good and evil, beauty and ugliness
good, virtue, beauty grace, kindness gradual engagement gradual process great bliss
Great Community School great compassion
great hero
great messiah
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 603 Sanskrit
Tibetan
gzugs med pa. rnam pa med pa
gnas, gzhi
gzhi med, gnas med
tshangs pa' i gnas pa bzhi
'phags pa'i bden pa bzhi
stong pa rnam pa bzhi
tshul rnam pa bzhi
don byed nus pa
bya ba byed pa'i rigs pa
kun gzhi rnam shes
mu stegs can gyi gnas
rgyud phyi rna, rgyud bla rna
'jig Ita
'jig rten pha rol rigs
aropin. nirakara
lllaya. llsraya anAiaya catur-brahma-vih:tra caturAryasatya ? onya-catu'itaya caturvidha-nyAya arthakriya lqtyakaraoayukti Alayavijnana tirthayana uttara-tantra
satkayadnti paraloka gotra
rigs nges pa, mthar thug rigs gotraniyata,
nges pa
spyi
sbyin pa
dpal
bsgrub par bya ba
lha
lha mo
dge ba dang mi dge ba
dge ba
bka' drin
rim gyis 'jug pas rim gyis 'jug pa
bde ba chen po
dge 'dun chen po pa snying rje chen po dpa ' bo chen po sems dpa' chen po
atyantagotraniyata samanya
dana
sri
sadhya deva, devata devi ? ubha? ubha
ku? ala, ? ubha prasada kramasa)) krama-vrtti mahasukha mahasarilghika maha. lqpa mahAvTra
mahasattva
604 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
great person Great Sage
great void
great yoga
Great Yoga Tantra gross (self-habit)
ground differential
ground of symbolic designation
group-maQ(,lala habit
habit-pattern habitat
habitual adherence hallucination happy migration hatred, anger heaven
hell
hero
holistic samadhi hollow
holy bliss
holy teaching
holy word
human
hundred clans
hunger
1-habit, ego-assertion
Idealism identification identified
identity (intrinsic) identity-unreality
Tibetan
skyes bu chen po
thub pa chen po
stong pa chen po
mal 'byor chen po
mal 'byor chen po'i rgyud (bdag 'dzin) rags pa
gzhi ldog
brda 'dogs pa1 gnas
tshogs kyi dk. yil 'khor 'dzin pa
'dzin stangs
rten
mngon par zhen pa mig yor
bde 'gro
zhe sdang
mtho ris
dmyal ba
dpa' bo
ril 'dzin ting nge 'dzin gso ba
bde ba dam pa dam pa'i chos gsung rab
mi
rigs brgya
bkres pa
ngar 'dzin pa, bdag tu rlom
sems tsam pa
mtshon pa
mtshan gzhi
rang gi mtshan nyid
mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid med pa
Sanskrit
mahapuru? a mahamuni mahasn nya mahayoga mahayoga-tantra
audilrika (iltmagraha) *a8rayavyavrtti
gaQa-maQ(,lala graba
mu? ?
adhara abhinive8ana pratibhasa sugati
dve? a
svarga
naraka
vira
pi? :? <;lagraha samadhi rikta
satsukha
saddharma pravacanika nara 8ata-kula k? ut
aharil kilra vjiianavada
lak? a lak? ya lak? aQa lak? llQa
pa
English
identity-unreality
identity, characteristic, definition
identityless identitylessness
identitylessness
ignorance, delusion
ignorance, misknowledge
imagination
imaginative yoga
imaginatively constructed reality
imagined nature
imagined reality
immaterial, formless
imminence
imminence intuition
impassioned, reddened
imperceptible
imperishable, inexhaustible
impermanent, impermanence
implicative (choice) negation
implicit meaning inanimate
inclination, aspiration inconceivable incorporeal indeterminate cognition Individual Vehicle Individualist
individuating intuition indivisible
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 605 Sanskrit
Tibetan
mtshan nyid ngo bo nyid med pa
mtshan nyid
mtshan nyid med pa
rang mtshan med pa, rang bzhin med pa
mtshan nyid med pa gti mug
rna rig pa
yongs su brtags pa rtog pa'i mal 'byor
kun btags kyi ngo bo nyid, yongs su brtags pa'i
ngo bo nyid
kun brtags kyi mtshan nyid kun brtags kyi ngo bo nyid gzugs med pa
nyer thob
nyer thob ye shes
kun du chags pa
dbang po las 'das pa
mi zad pa, zad pa med pa mi rtag pa
rna yin dgag
sgra ji bzhin rna yin pa bems po, mi rgyu ba bsam pa
bsam gyis mi khyab pa mam pa med pa
mam med kyi shes pa theg dman
theg dman pa
so sor rtog pa'i ye shes dbyer med, mi phyed pa
lak$DOanil;llvabhllvatll lak$DJ;Ia
alak$aoa
alak$aoatva, nil;llvabhava
alakliaoata moha avidya parikalpana kalpita-yoga parikalpita
parikalpitalakliaoa parikalpitasvabhliva arii pa
upalabdhi upalabdha-jiiana rakta
atindriya ak$aya anitya
paryudasaprati$edha
ayatharu?
jaQa, sthlivara
a5aya
acintya
niraklira anaklira-jiilina hinaylina
hinaylinika pratyavekliDQil-jiilinarit abheda, abhedya
606 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
inexpressible
inference
inference and syllogism
Tibetan
brjod du med pa
rjes su dpag pa
rang don dang gzhan don rjes dpag
Sanskrit
anabhilapya, anakhyeya, avacya
anumana svarthaparartha-anumana
*anumanikayuktijiilina anumiiQapramiiQa
ananta adheya prasvasa abhi? eka sahaja
adhyatmika abhinivi? ta
lava
jhatiti
vasana, anusaya pralqti *sahaja-satkaya-df? ti
nibsvabhava
parikalpitasatkayadf? ti
parikalpita-avidya, parikalpita-satkayavidya
parikalpita-samaropa parikalpita-atmagraha
parikalpita-satyagraha vijiiaptimatra
buddhi (mati)
abhipraya, abhisarhdhi abhiprayiki
inferential rational cognition rjes dpag rigs shes
inferential validating cognition
infinite, endless inhabitant
inhalation
initiation, empowerment innate, orgasmic, natural
insider
insistent
instant
instantaneously
instinct, proclivity
instinctual pattern, nature
instinctual, unconscious futile view
insubstantial. unreal intellectual futile view intellectual misknowledge
intellectual reification intellectual self-habit
intellectual supposition
intellectual truth-habit
intelligence (information) only
intelligence, intellect intended
intended meaning intention
intentional
rjes dpag tshad rna
mtha' yas pa
brten pa
dbyugs rngub pa
dbang bskur ba
! han skyes, lhan cig skyes pa
nang pa. rang sde mngon par zhen pa thang cig
skad cig tsam gyis
bag chags, bag Ia nyal ba rang bzhin
lhan skyes 'jig Ita
dngos med, rang bzhin med
'jig Ita kun brtags
kun brtags kyi rna rig pa, kun btags kyi rna rig pa
sgro 'dogs kun brtags
bdag 'dzin kun brtags, kun btags kyi bdag 'dzin
bios rloms pa
bden 'dzin kun brtags rnam par rig pa tsam
blo, blo gros dgongs gzhi dgongs don dgongs pa dgongs pa can
English
intentional speech
intentionality
internal verbalization interpretable meaning intimation, intention intimative superficial reality intrinsic identifiability intrinsic identity
intrinsic objectivity
intrinsic reality-status
intrinsic reality, nature
intrinsic, self-
intrinsically identifiable intrinsic objectivity
intrinsically identifiable intrinsic reality
intrinsically identifiable intrinsic reality
intrinsically identifiable intrinsic reality status
intrinsically identifiable status
introspectively known intuition (wisdom) body intuition (wisdom) consort intuition (wisdom) eye intuition (wisdom) hero intuition, consciousness intuition, intuitive wisdom
intuitional validating cognition
invariable concomitance investigation
invisible
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 607 Sanskrit
Tibetan
dgongs te gsungs pa, dgongs pas bshad pa
zhe rtsis
yid kyis brjod pa
drang don
dgongs pa
brjod pa'i kun rdzob bden pa
rang mtshan gyis grub pa
rang gi mtshan nyid
rang gi ngo bos grub pa
rang bzhin gyis grub pa, rang gi ngo bo nyid
kyis grub pa
rang bzhin, rang gi ngo bo nyid
rang
rang mtshan grub pa'i rang gi ngo bo nyid kyis
grub pa
rang mtshan grub pa'i rang bzhin
rang mtshan grub pa'i rang bzhin yod pa
rang mtshan grub pa'i rang bzhin gyis grub
rang mtshan gyis grub pa so so rang gis rig pa
sarhdhya:ya-vacana, sarhdhya-vacana
manojalpa neya:rtha abhisarhdhi
svalak? a? ;? asiddha
svalak? a? ;? a
svartlpasiddha
svabhava-siddha, svartlpa- siddha
svabhava
sva
*svalak! ial;lasiddha- svartlpasiddha
*svalak? a? ;? asiddha-svalabhava
*svalaliBI;Iasiddha-svabhavasat
*svalak! ial;lasiddha-svabhava- siddha
svalak! ial;lasiddha
pratyatmavedya jfiana-morti jfiana-mudra jfiana-cakliu jfiana-sattva
j fiana
jfilina pratyakliaprama? ;? a
vyapti paramarlia nirabhasa
ye shes
ye shes
ye shes
ye shes
shes pa
ye shes
mngon sum tshad rna
kyi sku
kyi phyag rgya kyi mig
sems dpa'
khyab pa
yongs su tshol ba snang ba med pa
608 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
irar tional irreversible isolation, isolated
jargon (non-literal) expressions
jewel
joy
kissing
language
languid
learning
learning, erudition letter
liberation, nirvana
life-energy (vitality) control (branch)
life, life-cycle
lifestyle (conduct) of bodhisattva
lifetime light
light ray limb, branch literal
literal insistence literal meaning logical range logical reasoning logician
Lord of Secrets
lotus
lovemaking
luminance-imminence
luminance-imminence intuition
Tibetan
rigs pa ma yin pa phyir mi ldog pa
dben pa
sgra ji bzhin ma yin pa
rin po che, rin chen dga' ba
'o byed pa
skad
dal ba
bslabs pa
bslab pa, thos pa
yi ge
thar pa, grol ba, mya ngan las 'das pa
srog dang rtsol ba (yan lag) khor ba
byang chub sems dpa'i spyod pa
tshe rabs
'od
'od zer
yan lag
sgra ji bzhin pa
sgra ji bzhin du zhen pa
sgra ji bzhin pa'i don
rigs pa'i yul
thad pas sgrub pai rigs pa
rigs par smra ba, tshad ma pa
gsang ba'i bdag po
padma
rab tu dga' ba
snang ba nyer thob
snang ba nyer thob ye shes
Sanskrit
na yuktitab avaivartika viveka, vivikta ayatharuta-? habda
ratna
ananda
cumbana
ruta
stabdha
abhylisa
sik$li, Sruta
vyaiijana
mok$a, vimok$a, nirvlil,la
prlil,lliylima (aQga) sam sara
bodhi-caryli jivita, jati
prabhii
kiral)a, rasmi
ailga
yatharuta yatharuttbhinive8a
yatharulirtba yuktigocara
upapattislldhanayukti naiyayika, pramll)ika
guhyakadhipati padma
surata alokopalabdha[ka) alokopalabdha-ji\lna
English
luminance-radiance
luminance. light lump
machine
mad discipline magic
magic body magic net magical
magical samadhi
magician
magnificent
Mahayanist, Universalist mandala, sphere
manifest
mantra
mantra body
mantra collection
Mantra Lord
mantra reality
mantrin
master
material sciences materialism
materialistic construction materialistic view
matter aggregate
matter body, form body
matter, form
meaning, aim, referent, object, import
measureless mansion, palace
meditation meditative object
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 609 Sanskrit
Tibetan
snang ba mched pa snang ba
gong bu
'khrul 'khor
smyon pa'i brtul zhugs rgyu ma
sgyu ma'i sku. sgyu Ius
sgyu 'phrul dra ba
sgyu ma Ita bu, sgyu rna 'dra
sgyu rna Ita bu'i ling nge 'dzin
sgyu rna mkhan rgya che ba
theg pa chen po pa dkyil 'khor
lung du bstan pa
sngags
sngags kyi Ius
sngags btu ba
sngags kyi bdag po sngags kyi de kho na nyid sngags pa
bdag po
phyi'i bstan bcos dngos por 'dzin pa ril 'dzin brtags pa ril 'dzin Ita ba gzugs kyi phung po gzugs sku
gzugs
don
gzhal yas khang
bsgom pa, sgom pa bsgom par bya ba
lllokabhllsa aloka
pi? ;? l;la
yantra unmatta-vrata maya mayadeha maya-jala mayopama
mayopama-samadhi
mayaklira vistara, udlira mahayanika mao(iala vyalqta mantra mantra-rna rti mantroddhlira mantrlidhipati mantra-tattva mantrin svamin
blihya-Silstra bhava-graha pio(lagrahakalpana pi? ;? (lagrahadnf
ra paskandha ra pakaya
ra pa
artha
vimlina, ka pglira, bhavana
bhavaka
610 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
medium mendicant mental factors mental habit mentality mentor
merit
metabolic [wind]
method, way migrant being migration mind
Tibetan
skye mched
dge slong
sems las byung ba
bzung ba, 'dzin pa
yid
bla rna
bsod nams
mnyam gnas, me dang mnyam du gnas pa
tshul 'gro ba 'gro ba sems
Sanskrit
a. yatana bhik? u caitasika graha manas guru pu1,1ya samana
naya
jagat
gati
citta, cetas citta-carita citta-viveka citta-matra[tl:i] citta-vajra
manomayadeha citta-vajra-samadhi
siilfli (aQga) smrti-upastha. na mamakru-a
rddhi
marcr i[ka] a. dar? a, darpa1,1a adar? a-jnana avidya
k? ana
sumeru parasparapek? a
parasparapek? apraji\apti- siddha
parasparapek? asiddha
mind conduct sems kyi spyod pa mind isolation sems dben
mind only sems tsam
mind vajra mind-made body
mind-vajra samadhi
mindfulness (branch)
mindfulness domain
mine- (property-) habit, possessiveness
miracle
mirage
mirror
mirror-like intuition misknowledge moment, instant Mount Sumeru mutual dependence,
interdependence
mutually dependent designative status
mutually dependent status
sems rdo rje
yid kyi rang bzhin gyi Ius (sku)
thugs rdo rje'i ting nge ' dzin
dran pa (yan lag)
dran pa'i nyer gzhag
ngar sems pa, nga yir 'dzin pa
rdzu 'phrul
smig rgyu
me long
me long Ita bu'i ye shes rna rig pa
skad cig
ri ' i rgyal po ri rab phan tshun ltos pa
phan tshun ltos pa'i gdags grub
phan tshun ltos grub
English
naive, fool. child
name
name and form, mindbody
natural clear light
transparence
natural conventional validating cognition
natural radiance
natural reasoning
natural recitation
natural, unconscious, instinctual, innate,
orgasmic natural instincts
nature
nature-possessor nature, intrinsic reality
naturelessness, unreality, insubstantiality
negate, refute
negatee, negandum negation-ground (base) negation, refutation negative conditioning neural channel
nihilism
nihilist
nihilistic extreme nihilistic extremism
nine a:sthetic moods
nirvaoa
noble
noble aftermath intuition, intuitive wisdom
noble aftermath rational cognition
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 6 1 1 Sanskrit
Tibetan
byis pa
ming
ming gzugs
rang bzhin gyis 'od gsal ba
than skyes tha snyad pa' i tshad rna
rang bzhin snang ba, chos nyid kyi rigs pa rang bzhin bzlas pa than skyes
rang bzhin gyi rtog pa
chos, mtshan nyid, rang bzhin
chos can
ngo bo nyid, rang bzhin, ngo bo
dngos med
dgag pa, bkag pa dgag bya
dgag gzhi
dgag pa
gnas ngan len
rtsa
med par smra ba ('dzin pa) med pa pa
med mtha'
med mthar 'dzin pa
nyams mam pa dgu
mya ngan las 'das pa
'phags pa
'phags pa'i rjes thob ye shes
b&la
nama
namaropa prakrti-prabhasvara
*sahajavyavaharika-pramar;ta
prakrty-llbhasa dharmatayukti prakrti-jllpa sahaja, nija
prakrti
dharma, lak? aoa. svabhava
dharmin svabhava
nii)svabhava
prati? edha, nil)edha prati? edhavya, ni? edhya
prati? dha dau? fhulya
n&c;li
abhavavada (graha) abhavavadin abhavanta abhavantagraha nava-natya-rasa nirvlll)a
arya aryap? fhalabdhajiiana
'phags pa'i rjes thob kyi rigs *aryapf? thalabdhayukti-jiillna shes
6 1 2 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
noble child. noble son
noble daughter
noble entranced intuition, intuitive wisdom
nominal convention
nominal designation
non-analytic
non-analytic conventional validating cognition
non-analytic natural self- habit
non-analytic presentation non-conceptual non-deceptive non-entranced yoga
non-mental-functioning
non-perception of related fact reason
nondual
noumenally omniscient intuition
noumenon, transcendent, transmundane
object
object
object of names and signs
objectifying view
objective
objective (external),
objectivity status objective condition
objective generality, objective universal
objective object objective obscuration objective reality objective self
Tibetan
rigs kyi bu
rigs kyi bu mo
'phags pa'i mnyam bzhag ye shes
ming gi tha snyad
ming gis 'dogs pa
dpyod med
dpyod med tha snyad pa'i tshad rna
dpyod med bdag 'dzin lhan skyes
dpyod med mam gzhag
mam rtog med pa
mi slu ba
mnyam par rna bzhag sbyor ba
yid Ia mi byed pa
brei zla rna dmigs pa'i rtags
gnyis su med pa, gnyis med
ji Ita ba mkhyen pa'i ye shes yathavadjiiana
chos nyid, don dam, jig rten dharmata, paramllrtha,
las 'das pa don
gzung ba, gzung
ming dang brda'i yul
dmigs par Ita ba
chos kyi bdag
phyi don, phyi don du grub pa
dmigs rkyen don spyi
dmigs pa'i yul
shes bya'i sgrib pa rang gi ngo bo nyid chos kyi bdag
lokottara artha
grahya
*namasaril ketavi? aya
upalambha-dnt dharmlitma
bahyllrtha, bahyllrthasiddha
alaril banapratyaya arthasamanya
alaril banavi? aya jiieyavaraoa
svaro patva, svabhavatva dharmatma
Sanskrit
kulaputra kula-duhitr aryasamahitajiiana
*namavyavahara
avicara *avicaravyavaharika-pramlll)a
avicarasahajatmagraha
avicllravyavasthana nirvikalpa
avisaril vadaka asamahita-yoga
amanasikara
advaya
English
objective self-habit objective selflessness objective status objective-reality-status
obscuration
obsession. insistence occasion of entrancement
occasion. context one way one-pointedness optical illusion ordinary
ordinary body
ordinary pride orientation, visualization original , self-created other-emptiness
outsider
overlord, lord
own chosen deity particular, ultimate
passion, lust
path of philosophy, path of reason
path of ten virtuous evolutionary actions
peerless
perception
perception aggregate. conception aggregate
perception of inconsistent fact reason
perceptual and conceptual object
perceptual habit
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 6 1 3 Sanskrit
Tibetan
chos kyi bdag 'tlzin
chos Ia bdag med
rang gi ngo bos grub pa
dhannlltmagraha dharma-nairatmya svarn pasiddha
rang gi ngo bo nyid kyi grub svarn pasiddha
pa sgrib pa
mngon par zhen pa
mnyam par bzhag pa' i gnas skabs
gnas skabs
tshul gcig pa
rtse gcig pa
mig 'phrul
tha mal pa
tha mal pa'i Ius
tha mal pa'i nga rgyal lhag par mos pa
rang byung
gzhan stong
phyi rol pa
bdag po
bdag nyid Iha
rang gi mtshan nyid (tshad ma pal)
'dod chags, chags pa rigs pal lam
dge ba bcu ' i las kyi lam
gnyis med
'du shes
'du shes kyi phung po
'gal zla dmigs pa1 rtags snang yul dang zhen yul 'dzin stangs, 'dzin pa
avarDQa, nivaraoa abhinive5a samahitavastha
avastha
eka-naya ekagrata indrajala samanya, praiqta pralqta-deha praiqtaharil kara adhimukti svayaril bhil parasil nyata bahirdha
adhipati
svadhidevata svalak? DQa (pramanika)
raga
nyilyamarga, yuktimarga
da5a-kuSala-karma-patha
nirdvandva sam jiia
sam jiiiiskandha
mu? t. graha
6 1 4 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
perceptual object perfect
perfect buddha perfect enlightenment
perfect identity perfect nature perfect reality
perfect, perfected
perfection stage
perfectly enlightened buddha
Performance Tantra performance, practice permanent, permanence permission
permoving [wind]
person
person
personal (subjective) self
personal inference (internal) personal instruction personal selflessness
personal subjective) self- habit (conscious,
unconscious) pervading [wind]
phenomenally omniscient intuition
phenomenon, thing philosophy (reason, theory) phlegm
play
play (aralli)
Tibetan
snang yul
yongs su grub pa
rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i byang chub
yongs su grub pa'i mtshan nyid
yongs su grub pa mtshan nyid
yongs su grub pa ngo bo nyid, yongs grub kyi mtshan nyid
yongs su grub pa
rdzogs rim
yang dag par rdzogs pa'i sangs rgyas
spyod pa'i rgyud sgrub thabs
rtag pa
rjes su gnang ba mam par rgyu ba mi
gang zag
gang zag gi bdag
rang don rjes dpag man ngag
gang zag gi bdag med gang zag gi bdag 'dzin
khyab byed
ji snyed mkhyen pa'i ye she
dngos po, chos
smra ba (rigs pa, grub mtha') vada (nyaya, siddhanta)
bad kan 'gying bag a ra li
sle? ma
lila aralli
Sanskrit
*libhasavi? aya parini? panna sambuddha samyak-sambodhi
parini? pannalak? al). a parini? pannalak? al). a parini? pannasvabhava
parini? panna ni? panna-krama samyaksambuddha
carya-tantra sadhana
sasvata
anujiia
vivaha [vayu] puru? a
pudgala pudgalatrna svarthanumana upadesa, amnaya pudgalanairatmya pudgalatmagraha
vyana yavatjiiana
bhava, dharma
English
pleasure, bliss
pledge. commitment point, meaning etc. position, thesis, direction possession possessiveness
potency, power
power.
accomplishment practical instruction practice art, perfonnance practitioner
present, represent
presentation of the non- analytic conventional
presentation, arrangement pride
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 6 1 5 Sanskrit
primally unborn
prior momentum
privacy, logical
private (dogmatic) syllogism rang rgyud private (dogmatic) thesis
private (dogmaticist) reason private inference
private reason
private thesis
probandum probandum property proclivity, instinct production unreality profound
property
prospering, increasing protagonist
prove
rang rgyud
rang rgyud
rang rgyud
rang rgyud
rang rgyud
sgrub bya
sgrub bya'i chos
bag Ia nyal ba, bag chags skye ba ngo bo nyid med pa zab mo, zab pa
Tibetan
bde ba
dam tshig
don
phyogs (dam bca)
thob pa
bdag gir (nga yir) 'dzin pa
mthu
dngos grub
gdams ngag
sgrub pa ' i thabs
sgrub pa po
rnam par gzhag pa
ma dpyad pa ' i tha snyad du 'jog pa
rnam par gzhag pa
nga rgyal, ngar 'dzin pa, bdag tu rlom pa
sukha
samaya
artha
pak$a (pratijfia) prapti atmTyagraha prabhava siddhi
sadhana sadhaka vyavasthap
vyavasthana aharilkara
adyanutpanna porvavedha svatantrya svatantranumana svatantrapratijfia svatantrahetu svatantranumana svatantrahetu svatantrapraijfia
sadhya
sadhyadharma anusaya, vasana *utpadanaibsvabhavya gambhira, gambhirya lltrniya
pau$f. ika
pratyaya
gzod nas ma skyes pa sngon gyi 'phen shugs rang rgyud
rjes dpag kyi dam bca kyi rtags rjes dpag kyi rtags
kyi dam bca
bdag gi ba, nga yi ba rgyas pa
sngar rgol
yid ches par bgyi ba
616 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
public (dialectical) inference/syllogism
public (dialectical) reason public inference/syllogism pulsation
pure
pure information, pure intelligence
purification
purification of the radiances
purity
qualitative (descriptive) designation
quality, property, thing
range, sphere, province
rational cognition
rationality, reason, philosophy
real
real production real status Realist realistic view reality
reality (truth) status
reality limit
reality realm perfection intuition
reality source
reality, thing
reality, truth, fact
Tibetan
gzhan grags kyi ries dpag
gzhan grags kyi rtags gzhan don rjes dpag rnam par gyo ba rnam dag, dag pa rnam par rig pa tsam
rnam par dag pa, rnam par sbyang ba
snang ba rnam par dag pa gtsang pa
khyad par du brtags pa
Sanskrit
paraprasiddhllnumana
paraprasiddhahetu pararthanumana sam spandita suddha vijiiaptimatra
vishuddhi, vyavadana
abhasa-vishuddhi sucib vi5e? avikalpa
dharma gocara *yuktijiiana yukti, nyaya
bhil ta svabhavotpada svabhavasiddha
realitylessness, truthlessness bden med, rang bzhin med,
ngo bo nyid med pa realization rtogs pa
realm of reality chos kyi dbyings
chos
spyod yul, yul rigs shes
rigs pa
yang dag pa rang bzhin gyis rang bzhin gyis dngos por smra yang dag Ita ba de nyid, de kho
skyes pa
grub pa
ba bhavavadin
na nyid, bden pa, rang bzhin,
samyakdr? j
tattva, satya, svabhava, svaro pa,
satyasiddha, svabhavasiddha
bho ta-koj, bho Uinta
suvisuddha-dharmadhatu- jiianaril
dharmodaya
bhava
satya
asatyata, naitsvabhavasiddha
adhigama dharmadhatu
rang gi ngo bo nyid
bden grub, rang bzhin grub
yang dag pa'i mtha'
chos kyi dbyings rnam par dag pa'i ye shes
chos 'byung ba dngos po
bden pa
English
reason (rational cognition) reason. validating cognition reasoning
rebirth, future life
recitation
referent
referent
referent of designation referential base reflection
refutation
refute, negate reification
relational reasoning relative (nature, reality) relative reality
relative, dependent
relativistic origination
relativity, dependent origination
reliance
remedy, antidote representation repudiation resistance
retention
retinue
retraction branch rite, evolution, action ritual action
ritual gesture ritual manual ritual procedure ritually prepared root of virtue Root Tantra
Tibetan
rtags, rigs pa (rigs shes) tshad rna
tshul, rigs pa
yang srid pa, srid pa gzhan bzlas pa
gdags don
don, gzhi
gdags don
gdags gzhi
gzugs bmyan
bkag pa, sun byin pa dgag pa
sgro 'dogs pa
ltos pai rigs pa
gzhan dbang
gzhan dbang gi mtshan nyid gzhan gyi dbang
rten cing brei bar byung ba rten cing brei bar byung ba
rton pa
gnyen po
mam par gzhag pa
skur ba 'debs pa
mi mthun phyogs gzungs
' khor
so sor sdud pa'i yan lag las
bya ba
phyag rgya
rtog pa
cho ga
'dus byas pa
dge ba ' i rtsa ba
rtsa ba' i rgyud
hetu. yukti, nyllya pramll(la
nyllya. yukti punarbhava
japa
artha, vastu prajiiapyllrtha
pratibimba
prati? edha, nirAkaral)a
prati? edha
samllropa, adhyllropa
llpek? ayukti
paratantra
paratantrasvabhllva
paratantra
pratityasamutpllda
pratityasamutpllda, idaril prayayata
prati? aral)a pratipak? a vyavasthllna apavllda vipak? a
dhllral)J parivara pratyllhara-al)ga
karman kriya
mudrll
kalpa
vidhi
sam skrta ku8ala-mo Ia
mo la-tantra
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? Sanskrit
6 1 7
6 1 8 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
rosary, garland sacred tradition
Tibetan
phreng ba
man ngag yang dag par ba
' gro
Sanskrit
mala saritpradaya
arbant
namaskara
samadhi
bhiltaprctical-nayatmaka- samadhi
samadhi-sattvas samsara vidyasthana sastra vidya-vrata pravacana sautrantika agama
sOtra
mudra mudra-tattva mantranaya bija
atma
atman sva-saritvitti svasaritvitti
svadhi? thana svadhi? thana-krama
atmotpada atmagraha atma-sadhana anatmaka
anatmata, nairatmya ? ukra
vedana
saint dgra bcom pa
salutation
samadhi
samadhi conducive to the real
samadhi-hero
samsara, life-cycle
science
science (teaching manual) science consort discipline scriptural tradition Scripturalist
scripture (reference) Scripture, Discourse, Sotra seal
seal reality
secret mantra way seed, seed syllable self
self (nature) self-awareness
self-consciousness (apperceptive)
self-consecration self-consecration stage
self-creation self-habit self-performance selfless selflessness semen
sensation
phyag 'tshal ba
ting nge 'dzin
yang dag pa'i tshul gyi bdag nyid can gyi ting nge 'dzin
ting nge 'dzin sems dpa' 'khor ba
rig gnas
bstan bcos
rig pa'i brtul zhugs gsung rab
mdo sde
lung
mdo
phyag rgya
phyag rgya'i de kho na nyid gsang sngags kyi tshul
sa bon
bdag
bdag (bdag nyid)
rang rig, rang gi ye shes rang rig
bdag Ia byin gyis brlab pa
bdag Ia byin gyis brlab pa['i rim pa]
bdag las skyes pa bdag 'dzin
bdag Ia bsgrub pa bdag med pa bdag med pa
sa bon tshor ba
English
sensation aggregate sense cognition sense faculty
sense medium sense, sense organ serenity, quiescence shaking
shame sign
sign-habit signification (symbol) signification process signlessness
simile
simultaneous, sudden sin
single-mindedness
six transcendences sleep
sloth, stupor
social convention society
sound, word
space
space-like
speech
speech isolation
speech vajra
spell, formula
sphere, domain, province spheres, three (of an act) spirit of enlightenment spiritual gene, genus
spiritual guide, spiritual friend
Tibetan
'tshor ba'i phung po dbang shes
dbang po
skye mched
dbang po
zhi gnas
bskyod pa
ngo tsha shes pa
mtshan rna, rgyu mtshan, brda
mtshan mar 'dzin pa brtag pa (brda) mtshan mar 'gyur pa mtshan rna med pa dpe
cig car
sdig pa
dran pa gcig pa
pha rol tu phyin pa drug
gnyid log pa
le lo, gnyid
'jig rten gyi tha snyad
'du ba
sgra sabda
nam mkha' a:ka:sa, ambara, kha nam mkha' dang mnyam pa khasama, khopama ngag va:k
ngag dben
gsung rdo rje
rig sngags
yul, spyod yul
' khor gsum byang chub sems rigs
dge ba'i bshes gnyen
vag-viveka va:g-vajra vidya: vi? aya trimaJ;? c;lala bodhicitta
gotra kalyilJ;la-mitra
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 619 Sanskrit
vedanaskandha indriyajftana indriya ayatana
indriya
? amatha spandana
lajja
nimitta, saritketa
*nimittagraha saritketa nimittabhOta animitta dma:nta, upama: yugapat
papa eka-sm(li ? atpa:ramita: svapna
a:Iasya, stya:na lokavyavaha:ra saritgaoika:
620 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
spiritual seeker, vacationer split second
stage
stage leading to communion
state
status, establishment store
strength
subjectivity subjectivity reality subjectlessness substance
substantial existence
substantial status
substantial subject-object- dichotomy
substantive (ascriptive) designation
subtle
subtle element
subtle yoga
success, acomplishment
suchness
sucking
suffering superficial superficial reality superknowledge support
supreme joy surmoving [wind]
So tra, Discourse syllable
syllable, undestroyed symbol
Tibetan
dge sbyong
yud tsam
rim pa. sa
zung du 'brei par 'jug pa'i rim pa
gnas, go 'phang grub pa
tshogs
stobs
'dzin pa, 'dzin rnam
bdag gi de kho na nyid chos can rna grub pa rdzas
rdzas su yod pa
rdzas su grub pa
gzung (izin rdzas tha dad
ngo bor brtags pa
phra mo, phra ba, zhib pa
khams phra ba
phra mo'i mal 'byor dngos grub
de bzhin nyid
rngub pa
sdug bsngal, sdug kun rdzob [kyi]
kun rdzob bden pa mngon par shes pa gzhi, rten
mchog tu dga' ba
rab tu rgyu ba (rlung) mdo, mdo de
yi ge, yig 'bru
yi ge, mi 'gyur ba mtshan rna
Sanskrit
5ramal)a
muho rta
krama, bhD mi yuganaddha-vahi-krama
pada, avastha, bhava siddha
sam bhara samarthya, bala graha, *grahakakara atma-tattva *asiddhadharmin dravya
dravyasat
dravyasiddha *grahyagrahakadravyabheda
svabhavaprajiiapti sii k! ? ma
sii k! ? ma-dhatu su k! ? ma-yoga siddhi
tathata
cu ! ? aQa
dutkha
sam vrti
sam vrti-satya
abhijiia
adhara
paramananda
Pravaha (vayu)
sa tra, so traka, sa tranta ak! ? ara, lipika, varQa ak! ? ara
cihna
EngUsh
symbol (convention) symbol-seal sympathy
system
systematizer, pioneer taint
Tantra, continuity taste, mood
teacher
teaching
teaching
ten stage lord
ten wind-energies texture
thatness (immanent)
thatness, reality
the naive, the foolish
theologian, dogmatist
theoretical (conscious, intellectual) self-habit
theory, philosophy
thesis
thing
thorough insight
thorough investigation
three conducts, three lifestyles
three consciousnesses three luminances three mandalas
three radiances
three realities three realities three realms
three syllables
Tibetan
brda
mtshan ma'i phyag rgya [thugs) brtse ba
lugs, mam gzhag
srol phye ba
dri ma
rgyud
ro
slob dpon, ston pa
chos
bstan pa, bstan bcos
sa bcu ' i dbang phyug rlung bcu
reg bya
de nyid, de kho na nyid de kho na nyid, de nyid byis pa'i skye bo, byis pa rtog ge pa
kun brtags bdag 'dzin
grub mtha'
dam bca'
dngos po, chos
yongs su shes pa, rtogs pa yongs su \shol ba
spyod pa mam gsum
mam par shes pa gsum snang ba gsum
dkyil 'Ichor gsum snang ba gsum
ngo bo nyid gsum
de nyid gsum
khams gsum, sa 'og dang sa steng dang mtho ris
yi ge gsum
sam keta cihna-mudrl anukampa
naya, vyavasthlna
mala
tantra
rasa
acarya, sastr dharma
de? ana. sastra da? abho mTsvara da? a vayu
spar? &
tattvam
tattva
billa, blili8a
tlirkika parikalpitatmagrahadi
siddhlinta
pratijiili
bhava, padlirlha, dharma parijiilina
parye$t
trividhacaryl
vijiilina-traya
aloka-traya
trimaJ:I(;Iala
libhlisa-traya trisvabhlivam
tri-tattva
tridhlitu, bho rbhuvab;v&Q
ak$ara-traya, tryak$ara
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 621 Sanskrit
622 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
three times three vehicles three voids three worlds tolerance torpor
Traditionalist, Scripturalist transcendence
transcendence vehicle
transcendent
transcendent lord
transcendent reality (suchness)
transcendent renunciation transcendent wisdom
transcendental (opposite of mundane, social)
transformation
transparence, clear light triple realm
triple realm
true existence
true production truth body truth-habit truth-status truth, reality truthlessness
twelve ascetical practices
twelve links of dependent origination
twelve similes of magic two [sexual] organs
Tibetan
dus gsum theg pa gsum stong pa gsum 'jig rten gsum bzod pa gnyid, rmugs mdo sde pa
pha rol tu phyin pa, nges legs
phar phyin theg pa 'jig rten las 'das pa de bzhin gshegs pa
de bzhin nyid
nges par 'byung ba
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
'jig rten las 'das pa
yongs su log, yongs su gyur pa
'od gsal ba
srid pa gsum khams gsum
bden par yod pa bden par skyes pa chos kyi sku
bden par 'dzin pa
bden par grub pa
bden pa
bden par med pa, bden par rna grub pa
sbyangs pa'i yon tan bcu gnyis
rten 'brei bcu gnyis
sgyu ma' i dpe bcu gnyis dbang po gnyis
Sanskrit
try-adhva, trikala triyana sonya-traya triloka
k? anti
middha
sautrantika paramita, nibSreyasa
paramitayana lokottara tathagata tathata
apavarga, niryilQa prajiUiparamita
lokottara
parilvrtti, pariJJ. ilmana
prabhasvara tri-bhuvanaril traidhatuka *satyasat *satyotpllda dharma-kaya satyadraha satyasiddha tathya, satya asatyasiddha
dvadasa-dhOta-gu1;1a pratnya-dvadasanga
dvadasa-maya-dntanta dvayendriya
English
two realities
ultimacy analytic rational cognition
ultimacy status
ultimacy-analytic rational cognition
ultimate (reality)
ultimate production
ultimate unreality
ultramoving [wind)
unanalyzed existence
unanalyzed social convention
unborn
unconquered
unconscious, instinctual
unconscious, instinctual futile view
unconscious, instinctual, misknowledge
unconscious, instinctual, self-habit
uncontaminated
uncontrived, unfabricated
uncreated
undeducible
unelaborated
unelaborated conduct, unelaborated lifestyle
unerring
unerring suchness unexcelled unification
union
unique vehicle
uniting liliga and bhaga universal (great) seal
Tibetan
bden pa gnyis
don dam dpyod pa'i rigs shes
don dam du grub pa
satyadvaya ? paramllrthavicllrayuktijftana
paramllrthasiddha
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 623 Sanskrit
don dam (mthar thug) dpyod "'paramarthavicllrayukti-jftana pa'i rigs shes
don dam (bden pa)
don dam du skyes pa
don dam ngo bo nyid med pa
nges par rgyu ba
rna brtags par yod pa
rna dpyad (brtags) pa'i 'jig rten gyi tha snyad
skye ba med pa zil gyis mi non pa ! han kyes
'jig Ita ! han skyes
rna rig pa ! han skyes
bdag 'dzin Ihan skyes
zag pa med
rna bcos pa
'dus rna byas pa
brtag tu med pa
spros pa med pa
spros pa med pa'i spyod pa
mi 'chor ba
rna nor ba de bzhin nyid
bla na med pa
gcig sbyor ba
sbyor ba
theg pa gcig pa
bha ga dang linga'i sbyor ba phyag rgya chen po
paramartha (satya) paramll. rthotpllda paramll. rtha nirvll. ha [vayu]
anutpanna anabhibhota sahaja sahajasatkayadf$ti
sahajavidya
sahajatmagraha
aniisrava
akftaka
anabhisaritslqta, asaritslqta apratarkya
ni$prapaiica ni$prapaiica-carya
ak$0l)a avitathatii anuttara eka-yoga
yoga
ekayana bhaga-linga-yoga mahiimudrii
624 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
universal monarch Universal Vehicle universal void universal, generality Universalist unlocated nirvaQa
unmanifest
unobstructed
unproduced
unreal, unreality, non- existent
unreality
unreflective (inquiry, usage)
unshakeable samadhi unspoken, syllableless unstruck [sound] unvirtuous, unskillful unwavering
upmoving [wind] utterance
utterly peaceful vajra
vajra body vajra intuition vajra mentor vajra recitation vajra samadhi
vajra teacher
Vajra Vehicle
vajra word
Vajrayanist
validating cognition validating rational cognition
Tibetan
'khor los sgyur ba theg pa chen po thams cad stong pa spyi
theg pa chen po pa
mi gnas pa'i mya ngan las 'das pa
mi mngon
thogs pa med pa
skye ba med pa
med, med pa, yod rna yin pa, dngos med
dngos med, ngo bo nyid med pa
rang dga ba('i brtag pa, jug pa)
rni gyo ba'i ting nge 'dzin yi ge bral, yi ge rned pa rni shigs pa
rni dge ba
rni gyo [ba]
ldang zhing rgyu ba
brjod pa
rab tu zhi ba
rdo rje
rdo rje Ius
rdo rje'i ye shes
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje bzlas pa
rdo rje Ita bu'i ting nge 'dzin
rdo rje slob dpon
rdo rje theg pa
rdo rje'i tshig
rdo rje theg pa [mams] tshad rna
tshad rna? rigs shes
Sanskrit
cakravarti mahayana
sarva-? D nya samanya mahayanika aprati? ftita -nirvaQa
avyak:ta
asaitga anutpada abhava, abhil ta
nib;vabhliva , nibsvabhavata
asphanak:a-samadhi anak:? ara
anahata
ak:uSala
acala
udvaha [vayu] udahara
prasanta
vajra
vajradeha vajra-jiilina vajraguru vajra-japa vajropama-samlidhi
vajrliclirya
vajrayana
vajra-pada
vajrayanika
pramaoa *prlmll,likayuktijiiana
English
vanity
vase
vehicle
Venerable Master
(Nilgll. rjuna) verbal designation verbal formulation
verbal token verbal universal victor
victor lord
view
virtuous and non-virtuous, beautiful and ugly,
skillful and unskillful vision, perception
visualized, imagined
vitality control, life-energy control (branch)
vitality, vitality [air] void, empty
voided, emptied voidness, emptiness vow, prayer
vowels
vowels and consonants waking
water-moon well-known, public wheel of existence
will to enlightenment, spirit of enlightenment
wind-energy (wind) wind-energy reality wisdom
wisdom and art wisdom intuition
Tibetan
gsog
bum pa
bzhon pa
rje btsun. klu sgrub
ming gis gdags pa ming gis brjod pa ngag gi brda
sgra spyi
rgyal ba
rgyal dbang
Ita ba
dge ba dang mi dge ba
snang ba, nye bar dmigs pa brtags, kun brtags pa
srog dang rtsol ba (yan lag)
srog
stong pa
stongs gzhi
stong pa nyid
smon lam
dbyangs
ll li kll li
gnyid rna log pa
chu zla
grags
'khor ba
byang chub kyi sems
rlung
rlung gi de kho na nyid shes rab
shes rab dang thabs shes rab kyi ye shes
tuccha
kalaf. a
vllhana bhallraka- pada
nllmaprajftapti nllmllbhidhllna vak- cchomll S&bdasamanya jina
jinendra dr? ? subhllSubha
darS&na. upalabdhi parikalpita prauayama (auga)
prllJ. la
so nya
yena so nyata, so nyadhara so nyatll
prauidhana
svara
lllikllli
jllgrat udaka-candra prasiddha bhava-cakra bodhicitta
vllta, vllyu, mllruta vayu-tattva
prajiia
prajiiopllya prajiill-jiillna
English-Sanskrit-Tibetan Glossary ? 625 Sanskrit
626 ? English-Tibetan-Sanskrit Glossary
English
wisdom transcendence
wisdom-intuition wisdom-intuition initiation
wise expert
withstand analysis, ability to world
world (people) world-mentor
world-realm
worldly
worldly concern
worship, offering
yogi/ni (male or female) yogini
zombiess
Tibetan
shes rab kyi pha rol tu phyin pa
shes rab kyi ye shes
shes rab dang ye shes kyi dbang bskur ba
mkhas pa
dpyad bzod pa 'gro ba
'jig rten pa
'gro ba'i bla
'jig rten gyi khams
'jig rten pa
'jig rten pa'i chos
mchod pa mal 'byor pa mal 'byor ma ro langs rna
Sanskrit
prajiillpllramitll
prajiia-jiilina prajiill-jiilinlibhi$eka
paQQita
jagat
loka jagad-guru lokadhiitu laukika loka-dharma piljll
yogi
yogini vetlili
Glossary ofNumerical Categories
two contemplations (dhyana - bsam gtan). These are: ( I ) the dissolvent (rjes gzhig) and (2) holistic (ri/ 'd:. in) contemplations used to reinforce the concentration needed to dissolve the wind-energies into the central channel in the context of the higher stages of the perfection stage.
two obscurations (c'Zvarat? advaya). ( I ) Addictive obscuration (kle? c'Zvarat:w) and (2) objec- tive obscuration (jfleyc'Zvarat? a). The former may be eliminated by arhats and bodhi- sattvas of a certain stage, while the latter is eliminated only at buddhahood.
two selves (c'Ztmc'Zdvaya). ( I ) Subjective, or personal, self (pudga/c'Ztmc'Z) and (2) objective self (dharmc'Ztmc'Z), which are the ultimately non-existent assumed objects we seem to perceive as the essential cores of persons and things.
two selflessnesses (nairc'Ztmyadvaya). ( I ) Subjective or personal selflessness (pudgala- nairc'Ztmya) and (2) objective selflessness (dharmanairc'Ztmyc'Z), both being descriptions of the ultimate reality, which is devoid of the "two kind of selves," the realization of which is called "transcendent wisdom" (prajflaparamiUI).
two stores (put? yajflc'Znasambhtlra). The stores of ( I ) merit and of (2) wisdom; all deeds of bodhisattvas contribute to their accumulation of these two stores, which ultimately culminate in the buddha bodies of matter (rapakaya) and of truth (dharmakaya).
two realities (sometimes "truths") (satyadvaya). ( I ) The superficial reality (samvrtisatya) and (2) the ultimate reality (paramc'Zrthasatya), or the relative truth and the absolute truth, or the conventional reality and the supreme reality.
three bad migrations (durgati). The migrations in: ( I ) hell, (2) the limbo of hungry ghosts, or (3) the animal kingdom.
three bodies of the Buddha (trikiiya). ( I ) The "truth body" (dharmakaya), (2) the "beatific body" (sambhogakiiya), and (3) the "emanation body" (nirmat? akaya). A buddha is no longer an ordinary being, a self-habit-ridden individual caught inside his skin. Bud- dhists have developed a number of ways to express the extraordinary qualities of the experience of enlightenment. The three bodies is one of the most important of these. The ordinary mind at enlightenment expands in an experience of oneness with the infinity of beings and things, which becomes a permanent awareness, called the body of truth or reality. This is the highest fruit of wisdom, a state of virtual omniscience-
nirvana-a perfect, ultimate freedom, and the uttermost fulfillment of all selfish con- cerns. At the same time, the ordinary speech and body do not lose their continua of life. Body and speech are seen by Buddhists as being interactive with others: body reaches out from self-centeredness to touch other persons and things; speech communi- cates the content of mind to others, linking mind to mind. Therefore the continuum of speech expands as a celebration of the mind's attainment of infinite oneness, becoming a consummate and infinite joy experienced as a body of beatitude; a sort of subtle or ethereal body made of the sheer joy at being free of suffering, at having realized the absolute nature of reality. It is as infinite as reality, a subtle radiant omnipresence of a buddha's joy throughout all things. Finally, the continuum of ordinary body expands
627
628 ? Glossary ofNumerical Categories
with enlightenment into an emanation body; a limitless number of individuated mani- festations arises out of the background energy of the beatific body when a buddha spontaneously interacts with ordinary beings who cannot perceive their oneness with the beatific presence in and around them and persist in the misknowing individual theater of suffering and alienation. For the buddhas, infinite mind and speech magically create whatever gross embodiments are appropriate to relate to such beings, liberate them from their suffering, and ultimately inspire them to discover their own enlighten- ment and beatitude. These three buddha bodies are aligned with the ordinary processes of death, between, and life, with sleep, dream, and waking, as well as with mind, speech,
and body.
three concentrations (samadhi). ( 1 ) The heroic meditation (surarh gam4, (2) the illusory
meditation (mayopama), and (3) the adamantine meditation (vajropama).
three conducts (carya - spyod pa). These three are: ( 1 ) the elaborated conduct, (2) the on- elaborated conduct, and (3) the extremely unelaborated conduct. They are special life- styles adopted by the Tantric adept on either the creation stage or the perfection stage level. They were somewhat scandalous by ancient or modern codes of social and sexual behavior, but perhaps less so in the Jess puritanical and aesthetically sophisti- cated urban and court society of ancient India. They are meant to be esoteric, yet throughout Tantric history definitely inspired imitation by people not at all at the level of insight and yogic self-mastery required to pursue such exercises. Thus they gave Tantric adepts a bad name in some quarters. They are part of the "crazy discipline" (unmattavrata - myon pa 'i brtul bzhug) that aims to transform the pride of ordinari- ness of perception and conception into the vivid vision of purified perception of self and others and the environmental world. The elaborated is suitable only for adepts of great wealth and social position - such as kings and the like - in that it involves elabo- rate residences, elegant equipment and dress and musical organizations, and the assem- bling of a cast of actors who are all on the path and are adepts of some level in their own right. The unelaborated is simpler and easier to keep esoteric. The extremely un-
elaborated is very sparse, involved only a couple and a very modest, retreated lifestyle.
three defilements (mala). There is no conclusive evidence as to whether this refers to the taints of the three poisons (see entry) or to the three contaminations (asrava), by desire, etc .
three doors (of evolutionary action) (karmamukha). ( 1 ) Body (kaya), (2) speech (vtlk), and (3) mind (citta).
three doors of liberation (vimoksamukha). (I) Voidness (sanyata), (2) signlessness (animittll), and (3) wishlessness (apra{l ihitll).
three intuitions, intuitive wisdoms, or gooses Unana - ye shes) of the subtle mind. These are: ( 1 ) luminance, (2) radiance, and (3) imminence (tl/oka-abhasa-upalabdhi - snang mched nyer thob) experienced as moonlit, sunlit, and darklit (or evening twilight or midnight darkened) sky spaces, when the wind-energies have dissolved into the central channel and the 80 instinctual natures have subsided. Attainment of these three leads to conscious immersion in the clear light transparence that is the "fourth state," experi- enced as a diamond crystal grey predawn twilight transparence or transparency. This is called the "extremely subtle mind," normally experienced but not noticed at death,
Glossary ofNumerical Categories ? 629 fainting, falling asleep, and orgasm. It is embodied nondually in the extremely subtle
body of the indestructible drop. See "33, 40, 7, and 80 instincts. " teaching).
three realms. See "three worlds. "
three spiritual heroes (sam? a - sems dpa '). These are: ( 1) the devotee hero (samayasattva - dam tshig sems dpa), (2) the wisdom or intuition hero Unanasattva - ye shes sems dpa '), and (3) the samadhi hero (samadhisattva - ting nge 'dzin sems dpa ').
three worlds (tridhatu). ( l ) The desire world (kamadhtitu), (2) the material world, (rapa- dhatu), and (3) the immaterial world (tirOpyadhatu).
four branches of a creation stage performance practice (seva, anusadhana, sadhana, and mahasadhana - bsnyen pa, rjes su sgrub pa, sgrub pa, sgrub pa chen po). These seg- ments of a creation stage contemplative performance may be translated as ( I ) service, (2) practice, (3) performance, and (4) great realization.
four contemplations (dhytina). ( 1 ) The first contemplation is the attainment of the joy and bliss (prrtisukha) arising from solitude and freedom from desires and sins. (2) The second is the attainment of the joy and bliss arising from the cessation of discursive thought. (3) The third is the attainment of equanimity, with mindfulness, awareness, and physical ease, and beyond any feeling of joy. (4) The fourth is the utter purity of awareness of equanimity, without pleasure or pain, elation or depression. These four contemplations combine with the four trances (see entry) and the final state of utter
cessation to form the nine sequential states (anupiirvavihara) leading to the highest liberation. These contemplations also correspond to the four divine bodes (brahma- vihara), which respectively subdivided into three, three, tree, and seven layers of heavens where pure matter realm deities dwell.
f o u r a p p l i c a t i o n s o f m i n d fu l n e s s ( s m rty u p a s t h a n a ) . T h e s e a r e t h e s t a t i o n i n g , o r f o c u s i n g , of mindfulness on: ( l) the body, (2) sensations, (3) the mind, and (4) things. These four are the first four of the thirty-seven accessories of enlightenment (see entry).
four noble truths (tlryasatya). The noble truths of ( 1 ) suffering (dui,J kha), (2) its origin (samudaya), (3) its cessation (nirodha), and (4) the path (mtlrga) to its cessation.
four joys (ananda - dga ba). These are attained by the yogi/ni when s/he injects the neural wind-energies into the central dhoti channel, kindles the furor-fire, and melts the white spirit of enlightenment from the brain wheel down the central channel from wheel to wheel. (I) When it melts from the crown wheel to the throat wheel, there is joy; (2) from the throat wheel to the heart wheel, supreme joy; (3) from the heart wheel to the navel wheel, ecstatic joy; and (4) from the navel wheel to the genital wheel, orgasmic joy. This process can be repeated with even greater intensity going back upward: in reverse order from genital to navel, joy; from navel to heart, supreme joy:
Three Jewels (Triratna). The three precious things in Buddhism: ( I ) the Buddha, (2) the Dhanna (his teaching), and (3) the Sarilgha (the community of practitioners of that
three knowledges (vidya). Three of the six superknowledges (see entry): (I) knowledge of former (and future) lives (p? vanivasana smttijflana ), (2) knowledge of magical operations (tddhi,? idhijifana ), and (3) knowledge of termination of birth and defilement
(utptldasrava-Hayajflana).
6. 10 ? Glo. uary ofNum? rical Cczt? gorie. ?
from heart to throat. ecstatic joy: and from throat to crown. orgasmic joy. Or the four joys "an proc? ? d by going progressiv? ly inward in the heart wheel alone. The various Tantras are full of ways of cultivating the great bliss that realizes ultimate voidness. This process of four joys parallels a set of four voids: brain to throat, void: throat to heart. great void: heart to navel. extreme void; navel to genital, universal void. They can also correspond to the three luminances and clear light.
four immeasurables (apramll{Ja). ( I ) The immeasurable of love: wishing all living beings to have happiness and the cause of happiness. (2) The immeasurable of compassion: wishing all living beings to be free of suffering and the cause of suffering. (3) The immeasurable of gladness: wishing all living beings not to be apart from supreme hap- piness of liberation. (4) The immeasurable of impartiality: being free of affection and aversion. These correspond to the four contemplations and the four divine abodes.
four insignia (or epitomes) of the Dharma (dharmamudra or dharmoddana). The four are as follows: (I) all compounded things are impermanent (anitytlQ sarvasamskarab), (2) all defiled things are suffering (duQkhah sarvastlsrava/:1), (3) all things are selfless (anatmanab sarvadharmal)), and (4) nirvana is peace (santam nirvlll)am).
four main elements (mahabhata). These are: ( 1 ) earth (prthivf), (2) water (ab), (3) fire (teja), and (4) wind (vayu).
four Maras, devils. These are: (1) the addictive (klesamtlra), (2) aggregative (skandha- mara), (3) deadly (mrtyumara), and (4) heavenly devils (devaputramara).
four reliances (pratisara1;1a). To attain higher realizations and final enlightenment, the bodhisattva should rely (I) on the teaching and not on the person (who teaches it); (2) on the meaning (of the teaching) and not on the expression; (3) on discourses of definitive meaning and not on discourses of interpretable meaning; and (4) on gnosis and not on normal consciousness.
four social graces (samgrahavastu). This is a classification of the four ways in which a bodhisattva forms a group of people united by the common aim of practicing the Dharma: (I) giving (dana); (2) pleasant speech (priyavaditli); (3) accomplishment of the aims (of others) by teaching Dharma (arthacarya); and (4) consistency of behavior with the teaching (samanarthata).
four trances (samapatti). ( I ) Nearly disembodied trance states in the spheres of infinite space (aktlSilnantyttyatana), (2) infmite consciousness (vijnananantyayatana), (3) nothing- ness (akimcanyliyatana), and (4) neither consciousness nor unconsciousness (naiva- samjnanaivasamji'iyii atana). In my opinion, these states are the exoteric Buddha's hints about the esoteric schema of the subtle and extremely subtle mind states of the three luminances and the clear light transparence.
four voids (sanya - stong pa). ( 1 ) Void, (2) great void, (3) extreme void, and (4) universal void. The Father Tantras focus more on the four voids and the Mother Tantras on the four joys.