;
hostility
of Isaac
Angelus, ib.
Angelus, ib.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
; created duchy for Guiscard by the
Pope, 175; Roger I in, 173 sq. , 177, 183;
179 sqq. , 186, 193, 362, 471; monasteries
in, 688
Calais, commune of, 645
Calatrava, Order of, 333, 682 sq.
Calixtus II, Pope (Guy, archbishop of
Vienne), opposes Paschal II's surrender,
103; elected Pope, 105,666; his character,
105 sq. ; negotiations with Henry V, 106,
161; rupture with Henry V, 106; and
Concordat of Worms, 107 sqq. , 162 sq. ,
360; his relations with Kings of England
and France, 106, 603; 110, 341 note,
672
Calixtus III (anti-Pope), see John of Struma
Caltabellotta, castle of, 203, 471
Camaldoli, Order of, 667 sq. , 695
Cambrai, 2; communal movement in, 120
note, 148 sq. , 635, 643
Cambridge, castle of, 503; 583; monks at,
689 sq. ; county of, 567
Camerino, given to Pope Victor II by Henry
III, 31
Camp, Cistercian abbey, 676
Campo, and monastery of Farfa, 5
Campo Grasso, Frederick I at, 419
Cannae, Normans defeated at (1018), 169
Canon Law, see Law, Canon
Canons regular, 13, 89, 678 sqq.
Canossa, castle, owned by Azzo, 23; 55;
absolution of Henry IV at, 60, 69 sq. , 72,
98, 126, 137, 179, 454
Canterbury, 501, 538, 562 sqq. , 566, 568;
see of, 511, 522, 526, 531, 545, 558, 561;
claims of see to primacy over York, 83,
106, 516; abbeys at, 509; archdeacon of,
558, 577
Canute, son of Eric, King of Denmark, his
rule in Schleswig, 344; murder of, ib. ;
386
Canute V, King of Denmark, son of Magnus,
disputes the throne with Svein III, 386;
killed, 387
Canute VI, King of Denmark, marries Henry
the Lion's daughter, 387; his attacks on
northern Germany, 407; 465, 468
Canute, see Knut
Capella, Martianus, 765, 788
Capitanei, doble class in Italian cities, 217
899.
Capua, 87, 167 sqq. , 180; capture of, 90 ;
462, 479; princes of, see Jordan, Pandulf,
Richard, Robert
Caracalla, Edict of, 701
Carcassonne, commune of, 628, 648, 650
Cardigan, 525, 546, 556
Cardinals, college of, viii, 37
Carinthia, duchy of, given to Berthold of
Zähringen, 113; his weakness in, 113 sq. ;
given to Liutold of Eppenstein, 140; 139
Carlisle, William II builds castle at, 524;
Henry I creates diocese of, 535; 544, 549;
castle, 556; 567 sq. , 570 sq. ; Austin
canons of, 679
Carmarthen, 525, 556
Carolus of Tocco, the jurist, 737
Carroccio, invention of, by Aribert, 218; in
the battle of Legnano, 446
Carthage, councils of, 11
Carthusian Order, the, 669 sq.
Cashel, 566
Cassel, 403, 599
Cassinese congregation, the, 693
Cassiodorus, and schools of rhetoric, 766
Cassiope, Normans defeated by Venetians
near, 182
Casteggio, 445
Castel, reformed monastery, 693
Castile, laws of, 747 sq. ; monasticism in,
677; military orders in, 682 sq.
Castrogiovanni, 176 sq.
Catalonia, feudal code of, 729 note; monasti.
cism in, 677
Catania, 177, 471
Catmere, 580
Catton, manor of, 499
Cauterets, 655
Caux, 609
Cedrenus, historian, on restoration of church
of Holy Sepulchre, 256 note; chronology of,
257 note, 258 note
Cefalù, church of, 206
Celestine Order, the, 688
Celestine II, Pope, pontificate of, 370; rela-
tions with Roger II, 188; and Louis VII,
607
Celestine III, Pope (Hyacinth), pontificate
of, 463 sqq. ; crowns Henry VI, 202, 464;
negotiations with Henry VI, 474, 476 sqq. ;
and indulgences, 323; 467
Celestine V, Pope, see Peter Morrone
Cencius, Roman noble, and Cadalus, 44;
imprisons Gregory VII, 66 sq. ; offers to
make Guiscard emperor, 179
Cephalonia, attacked by Normans, 182
Ceprano, Gregory VII meets Robert Guiscard
at, 77, 86, 180 sq. ; 416, 464
Cerigo, island, seized by Roger II, 376
Cerisy, abbey of St Vigor at, 491
Cerularius, Michael, see Michael Cerularius
Cesarea, see Alessandria
Chablis, commune of, suppressed, 652
Chalcedon, council of, 26
## p. 958 (#1004) ###########################################
958
Index
Chalcidius, his commentary on the Timaeus,
789 sq.
Chalon, count of, 615
Châlons, 101
Champagne, 410, 498, 604, 606 sq. , 618;
communes in, 639, 649; serfdom in, 641;
counts of, see Henry, Theobald
Chancellor, office of, in Henry II's reign, 579
Channel, the English, 497 sq. , 505, 520 sq. ,
530, 533, 536, 539, 543, 545, 551, 561, 610
Charles the Bald, Western Emperor, King
of France, and private churches, 8; 784
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), Western
Emperor, and private ownership of
churches, 8; and clerical celibacy, 12;
Frederick I causes him to be canonised,
394; and the reform of monasteries, 659;
and schools, 772 sqq. ; and the Carolingian
renaissance, 784 ; 20, 101, 382, 384
Charles, bishop of Constance, deposed for
simony, 45, 125
Charles the Good, count of Flanders, invited
to stand for election on the death of
Henry V, 335; murder of, 338, 598
Charlieu, near Lyons, 664
Charter of Charity, the, 672
Chartres, town, 593 sq. , 603; schools at,
778, 805; county of, 604; bishop of, 594;
count of, see Theobald
Châteaufort, castle, 593, 596 sq.
Chaumont-sur-Loire, 612
Chelles, nunnery, 671
Cherbourg, 498 note, 524
Cheshire, 504, 507 sq.
Chester, 537 sq. , 556, 568; earldom of, 507,
524; see of, 509, 511; earls of, 314, and
see Hugh, Ranuli
Chevreuse, castle, 593, 596
Chézal-Benoît, reformed monastery, 696
Chiaravalle, Cistercian abbey, 677
Chiavenna, meeting of Frederick I and
Henry the Lion at, 402 sq. , 446
Chichester, 538; see of, 511
Chieri, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Chindaswinth, King, and Visigothic law,
726, 744 sq.
Chinon, 556, 567
Chioggia, 449 sq.
Chirmirus, a schoolmaster, 771
Chiusa, abbey, 668
Christian, archbishop of Mayence, 198, 388,
393, 395, 407, 441, 455
Christian, count of Oldenburg, and Henry
the Lion, 398, 401
Chrodegang, St, bishop of Metz, his reforms,
13, 660, 772
Chrysostom, St John, 53
Chur, 157 note
Cibotus, crusaders defeated at, 276
Cilicia, Emperor Basil in, 252; crusaders'
victories in, 286 sqq. ; see also Armenia
Minor
Cino of Pistoia, jurist and poet, 740
Cirencester, abbey, 684
Cistercian Order, the, 672 sqq. ; its expan-
sion, ib. ; the Charter of Charity, 673; its
constitution, 674; lay-brothers, 675; rapid
growth of, 676; in England, ib. ; its
position in 1151, 677; reforms in the
15th century, 695
Citeaux, abbey, foundation of, 672; 553
Cities, Italian, Chaps. V, XIII; effect of
Lombard conquest on, 209 sq. ; ecclesias-
tical institutions, 210 sq. ; development
under Carolingian empire, 212; fortifica-
tion of, 212 sq. ; episcopal government in,
213; under rule of the Ottos, 213 sq. ;
growth of collective action, 214; the
castelli, 215; the boni homines, ib. ; early
communes in the South, 215 sq. ; difference
between these and northern towns, 216;
classes in northern cities, 217 sq. ; rise of
popolani, 218 sq. ; class war a factor in
growth of communes, 220; establishment
of consuls in, 220; cultural and political
influences on, 222 sq. ; supersession of
feudal and state authorities, xix, 223;
valuable aid of bishops in growth of, ib. ;
exterior expansion of, 223 sqq. ; rural com-
munes, 224 sq. ; position towards close
of 12th century, 225 sq. ; inter-city wars,
226, 228; development of commerce, 226
sq. ; intricate rivalries among, 227 sqq. ;
usurpation of regalia, 231 sq. ; imperial
diplomas to, ib. ; relations with counts,
viscounts, and bishops, 232; the arengo,
215, 219 sqq. , 232 sq. ; consuls and other
officials, 220 sqq. , 233; the Council, 233
sq. ; law of, 234 sq. ; constitution of army
in, 235 sq. ; milites and pedites, 235 sq. ;
gilds, 236 sq. ; internal strife, 237; the
podestà, 237 sq. ; commerce and banking
in, 239 sqq. ; corporate life in, 240; blood
feuds among nobles of, 240; general
character of, xix sq. , 241; effects of
Crusades on, 328 sq. ; 361, 646; see also
Lombard League
Civita Castellana, Guibert dies at, 96;
Hadrian IV at, 419; Alexander III dies
at, 455
Civitate, battle of (1053), 28, 173, 494
Clairvaux, abbey of, 563, 666, 672 sqg.
Clare, family, head of, created earl of
Hertford, 548
Clare, Gilbert of, created earl of Pembroke
by Stephen, 546; nicknamed Strongbow,
565
Clare, Richard of, 511
Clare, Richard Fitz Gilbert de, see Strongbow
Clare, Roger de, earl of Hertford, and
Becket, 558
Clarebold of Vendeuil, a leader of Crusades,
277
Clarendon, 561, 577
Clarendon, Assize of, 584 sqq.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 100, 559 sqq. ,
566
Clement II, Pope (Suidger, bishop of Bam-
berg), 22 sq. , 26
## p. 959 (#1005) ###########################################
Index
959
Clement III, anti-Pope, see Guibert, arch-
bishop of Ravenna
Clement III, Pope, and Frederick I, 409,
459; supports Tancred of Lecce, 461;
death of, 202, 463
Clement IV, Pope, and Roger Bacon, 826
Clement V, Pope, issues Clementine Decretals,
714
Clement the Scot, and Charles the Great,
772 sq.
649 sq. ;
XXI
Clementia, daughter of Conrad of Zähringen,
marries Henry the Lion, 357
Cleobury Mortimer, 555
Clermont, council of (1095), 88 sg. , 94 sq. ,
99, 265, 271 sqq. ; 598; canons of,
615
Clifford, Walter, 556
Clinton, Geoffrey de, 534
Cluniacs, favoured by Pilgrim of Cologne, 2;
influence in Burgundy, 18; extension of
influence under Urban II, 89; 515
Cluny, monastery of, 2, 4, 15, 34, 484, 528,
615, 661 sqq. ; Urban II prior of, 87; death
of Gelasius II at, 105; its dependent houses,
663; under Odilo, 664; under Hugh, 665;
its influence, 666; St Bernard and, ib. ;
abbots of, see Aymard, Berno, Hugh,
Mayeul, Odilo, Odo, Peter, Pons
Coblenz, Conrad III elected king at, 346
Codification of Justinian, Chap.
632; royal influence, 633 sq. ; ecclesiastical
influence, 634 sqq. ; Peace of God and, 635
sq. ; the Crusades and, 636; influence of
commerce, 637; growth through struggle,
637 sqq. ; peaceful advance of, 639 sq. ;
economic development, 640 sq. ; serfdom
and, 641; exactions of lords and, 642;
influence of geography, 643; and of in-
creasing wealth, 644; independent growth
of, 646 sq. ; double towns, 648; affiliation
of communes, 648 sq. ; regional grouping,
rural communes, 650 sqq. ;
common property, rights and duties, 652
sq. ; general conclusions as to, 656 sq. ;
international character of the movement,
645 sq. ; in England, 645; in Germany,
xix, 119 sq. , 646; in Italy, see Cities,
Italian
Comneni, end of the, 473; see also Alexius,
Andronicus, Isaac, John, Manuel
Como, an early rival of Milan, 220; conquered
by Milan, 230; 426 sq. , 445
Compiègne, 649
Conan, a citizen of Rouen, helps William II,
523
Conan, earl of Richmond, and the writ of
right, 586
Conches, monastery at, 493; forest of, 653
Concordia Regularum, 660
Coniuratio, sworn league of citizens in Italy,
216
Connaught, 565
Cono, see Cuno
Conrad II, Western Emperor, 9 sq. , 17 sqq. ,
23 sq. , 31, 119, 127, 138 note, 169 sq.
Conrad III of Hohenstaufen, King of the
Romans, Chaps. X, xi passim; 153 sq. ;
made duke, 160; his against
Lothar III, 338; elected anti-king, and
proceeds to Italy, ib. ; his diplomas to
Italian cities, 231; crowned at Monza,
339, 363; returns to Germany, 339; sub-
mits to Lothar III, 341, 366; his election
as king, 346, 367; relations with Henry
the Proud, 346; and the Second Crusade,
307, 353 sqq. , 374; alliance with Manuel,
188 sq. , 356, 376; faces rebellion of Welf VI
in Swabia, 348 sq. ; his victory and its
effects, 349; his settlement of civil wars at
Frankfort, 349; ecclesiastical difficulties
over abbey of St Maximin, 350 sq. ; his
family connexions, 351; relations with
Poland and Bohemia, 351 sq. ; relations
with Hungary, 352; reconciles Henry
Jasomirgott and the bishop of Ratisbon,
352; last activities of, 357 sq. , 378 sq. ;
failure of attack on Brunswick, 358; his
death and character, 358 sq. , 380; power
of Curia in reign of, 391 note; 164, 334 sq. ,
passim
Coder Gregorianus, 704, 721
Codex Hermogenianus, 704, 721
Codex Regularum, 660
Coder Theodosianus, see Theodosian Code
Colchester, 527, 538, 518
Coldres, 653
Cologne, 2; decay of common life among
cathedral clergy at, 13; 115; rising against
Anno at, 120, 132; second marriage of
Henry IV at, 145; its loyalty to Henry IV,
and consequent punishment by Henry V,
150 sq. ; its attitude to Henry V, 157;
revolts against Henry V, 159; 160; sides
with Henry V and expels archbishop
Frederick, 161; Peter the Hermit at,
275; persecution of Jews by crusaders at,
277
Colon na, family of, first appearance in
history, 96
Colon na, Peter, defeated by Paschal II, 96
Colswegen of Lincoln, 508
Commentators, the, on the Civil Law, 738
s99.
Commerce, development of, in Italian cities,
226 sq. ; trade routes of Lombardy, 229;
effect of Crusades on, 328 sqq. ; effect of,
on French communes, 643 sq.
Communes, xix sq. ; in France, Chap. xix;
definition of a commune in France, 625;
communes jurées, 626; consulates, 627 sq. ;
villes de bourgeoisie, 628 sq. ; bastides and
villes neuves, 629 sq. ; rural communities,
630; causes of their rise, 630 sq. ; Roman
influence, 631 sq. ; Germanic influence,
381 sq. , 384, 396, 410
Conrad, King, son of Henry IV, accepted as
his successor at Goslar, 135; made duke
of Lower Lorraine, ib. ; crowned King
of Germany, 145; revolt against Henry IV,
91 sq. , 146; crowned king of Italy, 91; does
war
## p. 960 (#1006) ###########################################
960
Index
negotiations with Leo IX, 257; establishes
law-school, 719
Constantinople (Byzantium), Chap. VI;
Norman influence at, 171; trade of, 239,
329; William II attacks, 199; and Second
Crusade, 353, 356 sq. ; Barbarossa and,
411; capture of, by Fourth Crusade, 314;
28 sq. , 31 sq. , 396, 473, 479, 716
Consuetudines Carthusienses, 669
Consulates, in South France, Chap. XIX;
627 sq.
fealty to Urban II, 94; marries daughter
of Roger of Sicily, ib. , 183; his failure
and death, 94
Conrad of Montſerrat, King of Jerusalem,
relations with Guy de Lusignan, 310 sq. ;
marries Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV,
311; secures succession to the throne of
Jerusalem, ib. ; death of, ib.
Conrad, archbishop of Magdeburg, supports
Henry the Lion, 348
Conrad I, archbishop of Salzburg, revolts
against Henry V, 104; his reforming zeal,
110; opposes Henry V's ecclesiastical
policy, 156; supports Innocent II, 342;
341, 352, 404 note
Conrad II, archbishop of Salzburg, his ex-
pulsion by Frederick I and death, 395
Conrad, archbishop of Trèves, murdered,
116
Conrad of Wittelsbach, made archbishop of
Mayence by Frederick I, but removed, 388,
440; 441, 457
Conrad, bishop of Worms, his embassy to
Alexander III, 395
Conrad, duke of Zähringen, his alliance with
Lothar III, 337; does homage to Conrad
III, 346; the Wends and, 355; opposes
Conrad III, 357; his efforts to subdue
Burgundy, 389; his death, ib.
Conrad, half-brother of Frederick I, made
count-palatine of the Rhine, 387, 469
Conrad of Wettin, margrave of Meissen,
appointed by Lothar III, 164; turbulence
of, 339; 386
Conrad, count of Luxemburg, 142
Conrad of Lützelinhard, German general,
470, 472
Conrad of Nordheim, murdered, 152
Conrad of Urslingen, made vicegerent of
Sicily, 472
Conradin of Hohenstaufen, as King of
Jerusalem, 316 sq.
Consorzeria, or family group, in Italian
cities, 236, 240 sq.
Constance, synod of (1094), 92; treaty of
(1153), 190, 384, 394, 396; Peace of (1183),
198, 452; 20, 390, 408, 693
Constance, Empress, daughter of Roger II
of Sicily, 191, 200; marries Henry VI, 198,
408, 453, 457; receives oath of allegiance
from Sicilian nobles, 461; captured by
Normans, 202, 464; liberated and escapes
to Germany, 465; becomes mother of
Frederick II, 456, 472; 471
Constance, daughter of Bohemond II of
Antioch, marries Raymond of Poitou, 302;
marries Reginald of Chatillon, 308
Constance, sister of Louis VII, betrothed to
Stephen's eldest son, 546; 616
Constantine I, the Great, Emperor, 7, 20,
80, 715 sqq.
Constantine VII, Eastern Emperor, 718
Constantine VIII, Eastern Emperor, his
treaty with the Fātimites, 256
Constantine IX, Eastern Emperor, 28 sq. ;
Consuls, their establishment in Italian cities,
220 sqq. , 233; origin of title, 222; 209
Conterati, local bands in South Italy, 168
Conway, river, 525
Corbeil, castle of, 593, 596
Corbie, commune of, 635, 649; abbey, 652
Corfù, captured by Guiscard, 181; captured
by Roger II, 189, 375
Corinth, sacked by Roger II, 376
Cormeilles, monastery of, 497
Corméry, monastery, 659
Cornwall, 497, 503, 508, 545; earldom of,
created by Matilda, 547; earls of, see
Reginald, Richard
Corpus Christi, Order of, 692
Corsi, the, Paschal II and, 96
Corsica, authority over, claimed by Gregory
VII, 85; and by Urban II, 90; Pisa, Genoa
and, 226 sq. , 266
Cosimo, grand-duke of Tuscany, annexes
Siena, 226
Cotentin, the, 491, 493; Henry I and, 523,
529; 550
Cotta, family at Milan, 40
Couci, castle of, 593, 595 sq.
Coucy-sur-Loire, Alexander III at, 437
Couesnon, river, 488
Counts-palatine, their position, 118 sq. , 121
note
Coutances, 493; diocese of, 497
Coxon, see Geuksun
Cracow, destruction of, 351
Craswell, monastery, 669
Crécy-en-Brie, castle, 596 sq.
Crécy-sur-Serre, 595
Crema, natural ally of Milan, 230; with-
stands siege by Lothar III, 364; besieged
and destroyed by Frederick I, 397, 428 sq. ;
rebuilt, 458
Cremona, 94; geographical position of, 208;
bishop made count of, 214; Otto III's
grant to, ib. ; a rival of Milan, 230; a rival
of Piacenza and Reggio, 230; besieged by
Frederick I, 458
Crescentii, the, Roman family, 14 sq. , 19,
35
Crescentius, John, patrician of Rome, death
of, 15
Crowhurst, 500
Crusades, Chaps. VII, VIII, IX; character of,
xiii sq. ; effects of, upon Western Europe,
Chap. ix; importance of the movement,
320; and the Papacy, 320 sqq. ; causes of
enthusiasm for, in Europe, 321 sq. ; papal
## p. 961 (#1007) ###########################################
961
Daimbert, archbishop of Sens, protests
against primacy of Lyons, 89
Dalmatia, 113
Dalon, monastery, 678
Damascus, captured by Fățimites, 248;
governors nominated by Fāțimites, 249;
position of during caliphate of Hākim,
253 sq. ; and Turkish invasion, 260;
captured by Turks, 262; under Tūtush,
263 sq. ; 290, 293, 306; vainly besieged in
Second Crusade, 307, 436, 608; conquered
by Nur-ad-Din, 307 sq. ; annexed by
Saladin, 309; 315
Damasus II, Pope (Poppo, bishop of Brixen),
10, 23
Damian, St Peter, see Peter Damian
Dammartin, lord of, 597
Danegeld, William II and, 523; changes by
Henry I, 538; Stephen and, 553; 583
Danelaw, the, 507, 509
Dante Aligbieri, and the commentators, 739,
740; his De Monarchia, 827
Dantzig, captured by Teutonic Knights, 333
Danube, river, 338, 353
Darrein presentment, writ of, 589
Dā’ūd Qilij-Arslān, see Qilij-Arslān
Dauphiné, 616
David, King of Scotland, given the honour
of Huntingdon by Henry I, 536; attacks
Stephen, 543; invades England again, but
is defeated, 544; makes peace, 544; death
of, 556
David of Scotland, earl of Huntingdon, and
Henry II, 570
David, bishop of Bangor, official historian
to Henry V, 154 sq.
Dax, commune of, 643, 647
De Goeje, on Qarmațian schism, 248
De ordinando pontifice auctor Gallicus, tract,
22
Decius, Philip, the jurist, 740
Decretum, see Gratian
Deheubarth, South Welsh principality, 525,
556 sq. ; princes of, see Rhys
Demmin, besieged by crusaders against
Wends, 355; besieged by Henry the Lion,
398, 403
Denmark, and Gregory VII, 85; relations
with Lothar III, 344 sq. ; rule of Niel and
Magnus in, 344; civil war between Svein
and Canute in, 386 sq. ; danger to, from
Slavs, 397; Henry the Lion and, 406 sq. ;
monasticism in, 677; 355; Kings of, see
Canute VI, Eric I, II, III, Knut, Svein,
Waldemar
Derby, borough, 555; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Ferrers
Derbyshire, 568
Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster,
and Henry II, 565 sq.
Derwent, river, 499
Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino, see
Victor III, Pope
Devon, Devonshire, 481, 500, 503, 525, 532,
543; earldom of, 547; earls of, see Redvers
Index
misuse of, 322 sq. ; and ecclesiastical
taxation, 323 sq. ; and missionary work,
325; effect on geographical knowledge,
326 sq. ; effect on economic and social life,
327 sq. ; on commerce, 328 sqq. ; effect
on Italian cities, 329 sq. ; effect on learn-
ing, 331 sq. ; military results of, on the
West, 332; permanent influence of, 333;
Henry VI's projected crusade, 473 sq. ,
478 sq. ; Frederick II's crusade, 314; Theo-
bald of Navarre's crusade, 315; Louis IX's
first crusade, 315 sq. ; Louis IX's second
crusade, 317
Crusade, First, Chap. VII; Urban II and,
94 sq. , 147 sq. , 272 sq. ; its aims and
ideals, 265; diverging views of Greeks and
Latins as to, 270 sq. ; its leaders and their
rivalries, 273 sq. ; routes to Constantinople,
274; probable number of crusaders, 277
sqq. , 297 sq. ; policy of Alexius, 279 sq. ;
Latin treaty with Alexius, 283 sq. ; Latin
hatred of Greeks, 284 sq. ; rivalry of
Tancred and Baldwin, 287 sq. ; capture
of Antioch, 292; capture of Jerusalem,
295 sq. ; rôle of Peter the Hermit in, 299
Crusade, Second, Eugenius III and, 353;
St Bernard preaches the crusade, ib. ;
Conrad III and, 353 sqq. , 410; its dis-
astrous results, 307; 188 sq. , 347, 351
Crusade, Third, William II of Sicily and,
200; 310 sqq. ; dissensions among its
leaders, 311; its results, 311 sq. ; Frede-
rick I and, 410 sqq.
; hostility of Isaac
Angelus, ib. ; capture of Iconium, 412;
death of Frederick I, ib. ; 409, 460, 467
Crusade, Fourth, 314, 329, 332, 411
Crusade, Fifth, 314
Crusades against Christians, 323
Crusades against the Wends, 355 sq.
Cujas, on the commentators, 739; 752
Cumberland, conquered by William II, 524;
enfeoffed to Henry of Scotland, 543; sur-
rendered to Henry II, 556; 582
Cunegunda, Empress, wife of Henry II,
crowned by Benedict VIII, 15
Cunegunda (Cuniza), heiress of the Welfs,
wife of Azzo of Este, 129, 337 note, 386
Cunibert, bishop of Turin, 13 note
Cuno (Cono), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina,
excommunicates Henry V, 160; his
activity against Henry V, 103, 161; 595
Curia, Papal, viii
Curia Regis, in England, under William I,
515; under Henry I, 533 sqq. ; in Sicily,
205
Cyprus, conquered by Richard I, 310; dynasty
of Lusignans in, 314; Henry VI and, 473;
Kings of, see Amaury, Guy, Henry de
Lusignan, Hugh III
Dābiq, battle of, 260
Dagobert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, Latin Patriarch
of Jerusalem, 92, 220; his claims as
Patriarch, 304, 313
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
61
## p. 962 (#1008) ###########################################
962
Index
Dialogus de Scaccario, 573
Diepold of Vohburg, German general, 464,
470, 472
Dieppe, tolls of, 486
Diether, chancellor of Henry VI, on Sicily,
462
Dietrich, count of Katlenburg, 152 note
Dietrich of Landsberg, bis accusations
against Henry the Lion, 404
Dietrich, bishop of Verdun, given territory
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143
Dietrich of Wettin, 465
Dijon, 2, 437, 618 sq. , 649; monastery of
St Bénigne at, 659 sq. , 662 sq. ; 695
Dinant, échevins at, 632
Dionysius Exiguus, his collection of canons,
Dudley, 544
Dudo, dean of Saint-Quentin, on history of
Normandy, 484
Duffield, 568
Duisburg, 407
Dunois, county of, 653
Duns Scotus, his philosophy, 827 sqq.
Dunstable, 538
Dunstan, St, 3; his reform of English
monasteries, 663; Theodulf's capitulary
and, 775
Dunster, 544
Dunwich, 538
Duqāq, Shams-al-mulūk, ruler of Damascus,
Turkish leader, 264, 293
Durance, river, 664
Durand, bishop of Troarn, 3
Durandus (Wilhelmus Durantis), the canon.
ist, 742
Durazzo, captured by Normans, 181 sq. ; re-
taken, 182; 199, 280, 283
Durham, 504, 543 sq. ; castle of, 522; see
of, 511, 537; cathedral, 553; abbey, 689,
691
Dyfed, South Welsh principality, 525, 546
708 sq.
Dirghām, vizier of Egypt, defeated by
Amaury I, 308; deposed by Nūr-ad-Din,
ib.
Disceptatio Synodalis, treatise of St Peter
Damian, 44
Dives, river, 495, 499
Djidjelli, captured by Roger II, 189
Dmitri, King of Russia, and Gregory VII, 85
Dobin, Wendish fortress, 355, 397
Dol, in Brittany, 518, 536
Dole, in Franche Comté, 618
Domain, royal, in Germany, 122 sq. ; Henry
IV and domain in Saxony, 128; in Eng.
land, 508 sq. ; in France, 592 sqq.
Domesday Book, evidence to be drawn from,
505 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; church lands,
509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; secular clerks,
679
Domfront, seized by William I, 495; 527,
531
Dominic, St, 683
Donaldbane, elected King of Scotland, but
deposed by William II, 524
Donati, Corso, podestà, 238
Donation of Constantine, 711; Nicholas II
and, 175; Gregory VII makes use of,
85; Urban II uses, 85 note, 90, 175
Doneau, the jurist, 752
Donnelay, 654
Donzy, 615
Dorchester (on Thames), see of, 511, 516
Dorotheus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Dorset, 544, 549
Dorylaeum, crusaders defeat Turks at, 286
sq. ; Conrad III defeated at, 608
Douaren, the jurist, 752
Dover, 501, 503, 521, 567 sq.
Dreu of Mouchy, and Louis VII, 615
Dreux, 593; count of, 614; see Robert
Drogo, bishop of Macon, 34
Drogo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, goes
to Aversa, 170; wars against Byzantines,
171; recognised as leader of Apulian
Normans, 172; murder of, 173
Drogo of Nesle, a leader of crusades, 277
Druses, their belief as to Caliph Hākim,
253
Dublin, 504, 565 sq.
Eadmer, chronicler, on St Anselm, 97
Eadric the Wild, revolts against William I,
504
Eadwig, King of England, 663
Ealdgyth, Queen, wife of Harold, 497
Ealdred, archbishop of York, crowns
William I, 502; death of, 516
East Anglia, 481, 501 sq. , 504, 507, 522,
551, 568, 570, 578, 581; earl of, 518
Eberhard, archbishop of Salzburg, papal
sympathies of, 394; Frederick I's letter
to, 431; 395
Eberhard, archbishop of Trèves, made
primate of Gallia Belgica, 34
Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg, sent by
Frederick I on embassy to Rome, 382; tries
to reconcile Frederick I and Hadrian IV,
429; his attitude towards claims of
Frederick I, 394
Eberhard, count of Nellenburg, sent by
Henry IV on embassy to Italy, 65; sent to
garrison Lüneburg, 130; captured by
Saxons, 131
Eborard, bishop of Norwich, 553
Ę brach, Cistercian abbey, 676
Échauffour, barony of, 488 sq.
Échevins, in French communes,
Eden, river, 524
Edessa, Frankish county of, 301 sq. ; 304 sq. ;
Baldwin first count, 287; conquered by
Zangī, 307; effect of its fall on Europe,
307, 353, 373, 607; counts of, see Baldwin,
Joscelin
Edgar the Aetheling, set aside by Harold,
481; plan to raise him to the throne on
Harold's death, 501; submits to William,
502; taken to Normandy, 503; vain re-
bellions of, 503 sqq. ; sent by William II to
invade Scotland, 524; takes the Cross, 527
632 sq.
## p. 963 (#1009) ###########################################
Index
963
Edgar, son of Malcolm Canmore, King of
Scotland, 524
Edictum Rotharis, the, 723, 730 sq.
Edinburgh, castle of, 571
Edington, canons of, 683
Edith, Queen, widow of Edward the Con-
fessor, 508
Edith, Queen of Henry I, see Matilda
Edward the Confessor, King of England,
death of, 481
Edward I, King of England, and French
communes, 634; his crusade, 317
Edward III, King of England, 692
Edwin, earl of Mercia, acquiesces in Harold's
election, 482; defeated by Harold Hardrada,
499; retires to his estates after Hastings,
501 sq. ; submits to William, 502; rebels,
503; death of, 505
Egbert, archbishop of York, his collection of
penitentials, 710
Egilbert, archbishop of Trèves, 113 note
Egypt, Islām in, Chap. vi; Tūlūnite dynasty
in, 244 sq. ; rule of emirs from Baghdad, 245
sq. ; conquered byFātimite Caliphs, 247sqq. ;
position of, in second half of tenth century,
252 sq. ; under Caliph Hākim, ib. ; under
Caliph Mustanşir, 258 sqq. ; peace restored
by Badr-al-jamāli, 262; invaded by Turks,
262; Norman attacks on coasts of, 200;
relations with kingdom of Jerusalem, 308;
conquered for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Saladin,
Sultan of, 309; crusades against, 314 sqq. ;
Mamlūks of, conquer Latin States, 317 sq.
Eichstädt, 32
Eider, river, 344, 387, 399
Eike von Repkow, his Sachsenspiegel, 753
Eilica, daughter of duke Magnus Billung,
marries Otto of Ballenstadt, 152 sq. ; mother
of Albert the Bear, ib.
Einhard, the historian, 773
Ekbert I, count of Brunswick, aids Anno to
capture Henry IV, 115, 129; made mar-
grave of Meissen, 129
Ekbert II, count of Brunswick, made
margrave of Meissen, 129; leader in Saxon
revolt, 130 sq. ; expels Vratislav of Bohe-
mia from Meissen, 135; won over by Henry
IV, 141; his ambition, 144; his isolation
and death, 145; 152 sq. , 164, 334
Ekbert, bishop of Münster, 342
Ekkehard, chronicler, 155; on inception of
the First Crusade, 272
Elbe, river, 344, 355, 357, 397, 399, 401, 460,
465
Eleanor, of Aquitaine, Queen, marries Louis
VII, 604; urges Louis to support Ralph of
Vermandois, 606; divorced, and marries
Henry II, 551, 609; imprisoned, 567; vice-
regal authority of, 575
Elim, 301
Elster, river, battle near, 141
Elvira, council of, and celibacy, 11
Elvira, wife of Roger II, 191
Ely, 504 sq. , 549, 552; monastery, 509;
diocese created by Henry I, 535
Emico, count of Leiningen, a leader of
crusaders, persecutes Jews, 277,
Emmehard, missionary, made bishop of
Mecklenburg, 356
Emperors of the East, see Alexius I, II, III,
Andronicus, Basil I, II, Constantine VII,
VIII, IX, Isaac Angelus, John Comnenus,
John Tzimisces, Leo III, VI, Manuel,
Michael IV, VII, Nicephorus II, III,
Romanus III, IV
Emperors of the West (and Kings of the
Romans), see Charles, Conrad II, III,
Frederick, I, II, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar III, Louis, Otto I, II, III, IV, Philip
England, Chaps. XIV, xv, XVI; Norman
monarchy in, xv sq. ; simony in, 9 sq. ;
Leo IX and, 29; church reform in, 45 sq. ;
Gregory VII and, 63, 83 sq. ; Henry the
Lion and, 406 sq. , 460; rental in 1086,
506 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; lands held by
clergy, 509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; tenure
of fiefs under William I, 511 sqq. ; con-
dition of peasants, 513; development of
Roman and canon law in, 757 sqq. ; see also
Peter's Pence; Kings of, see Edward the
Confessor, Edward I, III, Harold, Henry
I, II, V, VIII, John, Richard, Stephen,
William I, II
Enguerrand of Coucy, 593, 595
Ennodius, historian, 766
Epernon, castle of, 593, 596
Eppenstein, family of, predominant in
Carinthia, 114, 140; see Liutold
Eppin the cup-bearer, at the court of Charles
the Great, 772
Epte, river, 491, 601 sq.
Equestrian order, revived at Rome, 373
Erfurt, synod at (1073), 131 note; synod at
(1074), 61; diet of (1182), Henry the Lion
submits to Frederick I at, 406; diet of
(1196), refuses to make crown hereditary,
478
Eric I, King of Denmark, 344
Eric II, King of Denmark, driven out by
Magnus, 344; obtains the throne, 344 sq. ;
386
Eric III, King of Denmark, 355, 386
Erlembald, leader of reformers at Milan, 40,
47 sq. ; visits Rome, 47; war against Guido,
48; ruler of Milan, 48, 219; rising against
him, and his murder, 64
Erluin, abbot of Lobbes, 5
Erlung, bishop of Würzburg, revolts against
Henry V, 160
Ermengarde, viscountess of Narbonne,
appeals to Louis VII, 616
Ermesinde, daughter of Henry, count of
Namur, 411
Ermingarde, sister of Conrad III, marries
Godfrey of Lorraine, 350 note
Esdraelon, plain of, 249
Eskil, archbishop of Lund, outrage against,
390, 424
Esne, 630
Essex, 502 sq. , 508, 549, 568; earldom of,
61—2
## p. 964 (#1010) ###########################################
964
Index
created by Stephen, 546; earls of, see
Mandeville
Este, castle of Estensi Otbertines, 230
Estensi, line of Otbertine marquesses,
225
Estrith, sister of Knut, 490
Esychius, 768
Etampes, 342, 620
Étienne of Tournai, the canonist, 742
Eu, 483, 490, 531, 536, 539; comté, 485
Eudes, duke of Burgundy, helps to found
Cîteaux, 672
Eudes, count of Corbeil, 596
Eugenius II, Pope, and schools, 776
Eugenius III, Pope (Bernard of Pisa), election
of, 370, 677; and Roman republic, 370 sq. ;
proclaims Second Crusade, 353, 373; his
doubts as to the Second Crusade, 374 sq. ;
holds council of Rheims to discuss doctrine,
376; returns to Italy, 377; attacks Arnold
at council of Brescia, ib. ; relations with
Roger II, 188, 377; attempts to regain
Rome, 377; strives to detach Conrad III
from his alliance with Manuel, 378 sq. ;
his negotiations with Conrad III, 379 sq. ;
embassy of Frederick I to, 382, 413 sq. ;
close alliance with Frederick I, 190, 384;
and Frederick I's appointment to the see
of Magdeburg, 392; unites Savigny to
Cistercians, 678; dies, 677; 383, 682
Eugenius IV, Pope, and monastic reform,
695
Eugenius,emir, translator of Ptolemy's Optics,
207
Eure, river, 536
Euric, King of the Visigoths, laws of, 726,
744 sq. , 763
Eustace, count of Boulogne, helps William I,
498; tries to drive Odo of Bayeux from
Dover, 503; his baronies, 511
Eustace, count of Boulogne, goes with his
brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, on First
Crusade, 274, 283; quarrels and is recon.
ciled with Henry I of England, 529; heiress
of, marries Stephen, 537
Eustace of Blois, count of Boulogne, son of
King Stephen, 550; supported by Louis
VII, 609; death of, 551, 610
Eustace Grener, captures Tyre, 305
Eutin, 354
Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Murrough,
565
Everard de Ros, 578
Ęvesham, abbey, 684
Evrecy, 525, 530
Évreux, 531, 536, 539, 603; comté, 485;
count of, 612
Ewyas, 525
Exchequer, English, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 533 sq. ; under Henry II, 573
Fakhr-al-mulūk Ridwān, see Ridwan
Falaise, 483, 490, 492 sq. , 523, 531, 55);
Robert of Bellême and, 530; tolls of, 486
Falkenstein, castle, 339
False Decretals, see Law, Canon
Fāmiyah, besieged by Greeks, 250, 252
Fārābi, Arab philosopher, 815 sq.
Farfa, monastery of, 658; its endowment,
661 ; resists reform, 5, 662; reformed by
abbot Hugh, 664; Frederick I at, 421; 14,
36
Fasdiq (Tell-as-sultān), 261
Fātik, Aziz-ad-Daulah, 255
Fātimite Caliphs, dynasty of, 244; attacks
on Egypt, 245; conquest of Egypt, 247;
rivalry with Qarmatians, 248; conquest of
South Syria, 249; contact and wars with
Byzantine Empire, 249 sqq. ; treaties with
Byzantines, 251 sq. , 256 sq. ; Syrian revolts,
253 sqq. ; loss of North Africa, 258; em.
ployment of Turks, 259; loss of Syria to
Seljūgs, 260 sqq. ; recovery of Palestine,
264; loss of Palestine to crusaders, 295 599. ;
puppets of their viziers, 308; conquered
for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Caliphs, see 'Aziz,
Hâkim, Mu'izz, Musta'lī, Mustanşir,
*Ubaidallāh, Zahir
Fécamp, 490, 524; abbey of, foundation of,
484; charters of, 486 sq. ; 491, 500
Felix, St, of Valois, 683
Felix, bishop of Urgel, his heresy, 659
Felixstowe, 569
Fermo, 5, 65, 179 sq.
Ferrara, 23; rival of Venice, 230; death of
Urban III at, 458
Ferrers, family of, 511
Ferrers, Robert de, created earl of Derby by
Stephen, 546
Ferrers, William de, earl of Derby, rebels
against Henry II, 568; 580
Ferruchius, sells the Lateran to Urban II,
91
Fieschi, Sinibaldo de', see Innocent IV, Pope
Figeac, commune at, 634
Filieffe, commune, 653
Firdaus, see Philaretus
Fitero, abbey, 682
Fitz Alan, William, of Oswestry, rebels
against Stephen, 544
Fitz Baldwin, William, in Wales, 525
Fitz Count, Brian, 536; rebels against
Stephen, 545
Fitz Flaald, Alan, ancestor of the Stuarts,
536
Fitz Gerald, Henry, 580
Fitz Gerald, Warin, 580
Fitz Gilbert, Richard, see Strongbow, Richard
Fitz Hamon, Robert, his campaign in Wales,
525; 536; supports Henry 1, 528; im-
prisoned by Robert of Normandy, 530
Fitz John, Eustace, rebels against Stephen,
544
Fitz Osbern, Osbern, dean of Bosham, 497
Fitz Osbern, William, earl of Hereford,
founds a monastery at Lire, 493; seneschal
$99.
Exeter, besieged, 503; see of, 511; com-
munal chapter of, 678
Exmes, tolls of, 486; 543
Eye, honour of, 528, 537, 541, 558, 561
## p. 965 (#1011) ###########################################
Index
965
of William I, 497; left in charge in England,
503; his baronies, 511; erects castles, 512;
death of, 518
Fitz Stephen, William, on the exchequer,
574
Flanders, dispute as to succession in, 598 sqq. ;
communes in, 626, 637, 639, 643 sqq. , 649;
monasticism in, 677; 135, 288, 410 sq. ,
494, 518, 535, 604; counts of, see Baldwin,
Charles, Philip, Robert, Thierry, William
Flarchheim, indecisive battle of (1080), 141
Fleury, monastery of, 661; reformed by Odo,
662; its dependent houses, 663
Fleury, historian, on Ratherius, 3
Flochberg, castle, besieged by Welf VI, 357
Flora, hermitage, 688
Florence, council in (1055), 31; death of
en IX at, 33; 35; death of Nicholas II
near, 39; consuls at, 220; wars with the
Guidi and Alberti, 224; position at end of
twelfth century, 225; her increasing power,
228; her foes and allies, ib. ; meetings of
the Savii at, 234
Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, later of
London, 555, 557, 563
Foliot, Roger, 576
Folmar, archdeacon, his claim to arch-
bishopric of Trèves, 408, 455 sq. , 458;
finally deposed by Clement III, 409,
459
Fontaines, Pierre de, French jurist, 751
Fontaneto, provincial synod at (1057), 41
Fonte Avellana, monastery of, 33, 667
Fontebuono, monastery, 667
Fontenay, abbey, 673
Fontevrault, monastery and order of, 671,694
Fontfroide, abbey, 688
Forchheim, diet at, Rudolf of Swabia elected
king, 71, 137 sqq. , 166, 334
· Formulas Visigoticas, the, 744
Fornham St Genevieve, battle at, 570
Foroiulium (Udine), see of, 28
Forth, the, 524
Fountains, abbey, 553, 666, 677, 686 sq.
Framlingham, castle, 568 sq. , 571
France, Chap. XVIII; anarchy in, 592 sqq. ;
growth of royal power in, xvi sq. ; simony
in, 9; church reform in, 34, 46, 81 sqq. ,
88 sq. ; lay investiture abolished in, 99;
alliance of Hohenstaufen with, 397;
temporary breach of alliance, 468 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
748 sqq. ; legal literature and teaching,
750 sqq. ; schools of rhetoric in, 766;
episcopal schools in, 771 sq. ; Charles the
Great and schools in, 772 sqq. ; schools
after Charles, 776 sqq. ; Kings of, see
Charles, Henry I, Louis VI, VII, IX,
Philip I, II; see also Communes
Franche Comté, see Burgundy, county of
Francis, St, of Assisi, his mission to Egypt,
325
Franciscans, the, and Aristotelianism, 822
sg.
Franconia, duchy of, 113, 118 sq. , 137, 140,
145, 339, 383; bishops of Würzburg given
ducal rights in, 118; bishop Erlung de-
prived of these rights, 160; ascendancy of
Hohenstaufen in, 336; monasticism in,
676
Frangipani, John, Urban II supported by, 91
Frangipani, Roman family, drive Gelasius II
from Rome, 105; bring back Innocent II
to Rome, 368
Frankfort, council of (794), 8; settlement of
(1142), 349 sq. ; diet at (1147), 353, 357;
348, 382, 478
Franks, laws of the, 723, 727 sq.
Frederick I, Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
Chaps. XII, XIII; duke of Swabia, 379;
his unanimous election, 380 sq. ; character
of, 382, 413; his work in Germany, xvii sq. ;
his legislative work, 382 sq. ; promulgates
a Land Peace, 383; settlement of Bavaria,
385; and Denmark, 386; disturbances in
Germany during absence of, 387 sq. ; rela-
tions with Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary,
388 sq. ; relations with Burgundy, 389 sq. ;
divorces Adelaide and marries Beatrix of
Burgundy, 390; the diet of Besançon
(1157), 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; ecclesiastical
policy of, 108, 390 sqq. ; success of his
ecclesiastical policy, 395; relations with
Byzantine Empire, 396; with France, 397;
and England, ib. ; and Louis VII, 617 sqq. ;
alliance with Philip Augustus, 409; his
support of Henry the Lion, 401; breach
with Henry, 402 sq. ; tries and condemns
Henry, 404 sq. ; the Lombard League and,
Chap. XII; relations with Eugenius III,
190, 413 sg. ; his first expedition to Italy,
191, 194, 415; sacks various Milanese
castelli, 417 sq. ; alliance with Venice,
Genoa, and Pisa, 418; conference with the
Pope's ambassadors at San Quirico, 418 sq. ;
acts as Hadrian IV's squire, 419 sq. ; his
imperial coronation, 421; conflict with the
Romans, 420 sq. ; returns to Germany, 422;
negotiations with Byzantium, 191, 193,
196, 422; estrangement from Hadrian IV,
109, 424; quarrel over beneficia, xii, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; Italian campaign (1158), 426 sqq. ;
diet of Roncaglia, xx, 117 note, 427; re-
newed dispute with Hadrian, 429 sq. ; his
attitude towards Victor IV and Alexander
III, 431 sq. ; his capture and destruction of
Milan, 434 sq. ; forms alliance with Pavia
and Genoa, 435; failure of negotiations
with Louis VII, 436; renewed difficulties
in Italy, 437 sqq. ; his third expedition to
Italy, 437 sq. ; fourth expedition to Italy,
439 sqq. ; holds diet at Lodi, 439 sq. ; be-
sieges Rome, 441; destruction of his army
by pestilence, 442; leaves Italy, ib. ; affairs
in Germany (1168), 443; failure of nego-
tiations with Alexander III, 444; fifth
expedition to Italy, 444 $99. ; and battle of
Legnano, 446 sq. ; makes treaties of Anagni
and Venice, 447 sqq. ; makes Peace of Con.
stance with Lombards, 452; holds festival
## p. 966 (#1012) ###########################################
966
Index
at Mayence, 452; and Lucius III, 408, 453,
455 sqq. ; and Urban III, 408 sq. , 457 sq. ,
475; and Gregory VIII, 409, 458 sq. ; and
Clement III, 409, 459 sq. ; and the Third
Crusade, 310, 374, 409 sqq. , 459; his
death, 310, 412; 109, 138 note, 153 sq. ,
454, 467, 477
Frederick II, Western Emperor, birth of, 457,
472; elected king, 478; his renunciation of
imperial rights at ecclesiastical elections,
109; marries Yolande, daughter of John de
Brienne, 314; becomes King of Jerusalem,
ib. ; his crusade, ib. ; weakness of his rule
in Syria, 315 sq. ; 412, 476 sq.
Frederick, archbishop of Cologne, revolts
against Henry V, 159 sqq. ; 103, 335
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, made duke, 140; governs Germany
in Henry IV's absence, 121 note, 146; his
claims to duchy confirmed, 148; death of,
150, 154 ; 147, 153
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, 153 sq. ; aids Henry V, 160;
governs Germany in Henry's absence,
161; his fame as a castle builder, 164
note; named by Henry V as his successor,
165; passed over at Mayence in favour of
Lothar, 165 sq. , 334 sqq. ; breach with
Lothar, 336, 338 sq. , 361 sq. ; anathe-
matised by Innocent II, 363; forced to sub-
mit to Lothar III, 340 sq. , 366; estranged
from Conrad III, 350; death of, 351; 381,
387, 404 note
Frederick IV of Rothenburg, duke of
Swabia, younger son of Conrad III, 379,
381; made duke, 384; supports Hugh of
Tübingen against Welf VI, 388; death of,
442; 387
Frederick V, duke of Swabia, son of
Frederick Barbarossa, knighted, 407; takes
the Cross, 410; dies, 472
Frederick, duke of Upper Lorraine, father of
Beatrice of Tuscany, 23
Frederick, duke of Bohemia, 389
Frederick, count-palatine of Saxony, leads
Saxons against Albert the Bear, 348
Frederick, count of Stade, unjustly im.
prisoned by Lothar of Saxony, 157
Frederick of Bogen, advocatus of Ratisbon,
his rebellion against Henry the Proud,
339 sq. ; supports Henry Jasomirgott
against the bishop of Ratisbon, 352
Freeman, E. A. , on battle of Hastings, 501
note
Fresnay, 517
Fressenda, second wife of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170
Fréteval, Henry II and Becket reconciled at,
Fruttuaria, monastery of, 22
Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, 3; and schools,
778
Fulbert, a tanner, grandfather of William
the Conqueror, 492
Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler, his report
of Urban II's speech at Clermont, 265;
305
Fulcher of Orleans, dubious identification
of, with Volkmar, 276
Fulda, abbey, 340, 661; peace of Henry VI
with Henry the Lion at, 460
Fulford, defeat of earls Edwin and Morkere
at, 499
Fulgentius Ferrandus, his arrangement of
canons, 709
Fulgorius, Raphael, the jurist, 740
Fulham, 507
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 491; founds
a nunnery at Ronceray, 671
Fulk le Rechin, count of Anjou, and
William I, 517; opposes William II,
527; his influence in Maine, 529
Fulk V, count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem,
marries daughter of Baldwin II, 305;
succeeds to throne of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry I, 539 sq.
Furness, monastery, 541, 684
Gaeta, duke of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; beginnings of commune at,
216
Galen, translated by William of Moerbeke,
814
Galeria, 36; count of, see Gerard
Galilee, principality of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 302
Galliate, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Gallipoli, 411
Gallipoli, in Apulia, 173
Galluccio, 187
Gardie, 653
Garigliano, river, Innocent II defeated on,
187
Garlande, family of, and Louis VII, 620 sq.
Garlande, Anseau of, 595, 620
Garlande, Gilbert of, 620 sq.
Garlande, Païen of, 620
Garlande, Stephen of, 620 sq.
Garlande, William of, 620
Garonne, river, 616
Gascony, communes in, 627, 634
Gaudri, bishop of Laon, and Thomas of
Marle, 595
Gautier, archdeacon of Laon, 595
Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg, given
power to create new bishops in his diocese,
46; hostile to Henry IV, 139; death of,
145
Gebhard, bishop of Constance, papal legate
in Germany, elected bishop, 142; creates
strong papal party in South Germany,
91 sq. , 139, 143; proclaimed spiritual head
of Swabia, at assembly at Ulm, 147; sup-
563 sq.
Frisians, expedition of Henry V against,
159; join Baldwin at Tarsus, 288; colonise
Slav lands, 399; 354
Fritzlar, Henry V begins his revolt at, 149
Frosinone, 416
## p. 967 (#1013) ###########################################
Index
967
ports revolt of Henry V, 150; consecrates
bishops appointed by Henry V, 98, 100;
censured by Paschal II, 101
Gebhard, bishop of Eichstädt, see Victor II,
Pope
Gebhard, name assumed by Jaromir, bishop
of Prague, 4
Gebhard, count of Supplinburg, father of
Lothar III, 334 sq.
Gelasius I, Pope, and presentation to bene-
fices, 7 sq. ; Gelasian theory, 56 sq. , 67
Gelasius II, Pope (John of Gaeta), 105;
excommunicates Henry V, 105, 161; death
of, 105, 666; 680
Gelnhausen, diet of (1180), 404 sq. ; diet at
(1186), 409, 458
Genoa, customs confirmed by Berengar II,
213 sq. ; consuls at, 220 sqq. ; geographical
position of, 229; wars with Muslims, 226,
266 sq. ; rivalry with Pisa, 226 sq. , 311,
316 sq. , 438; rivalry with Venice, 227, 316
sq. ; aids Baldwin I, 304 sq. , 329; develop-
ment of commerce of, during crusades, 312,
328 sqq. ; supports Innocent II, 366; opposes
Frederick I, 428; allies with Alexander
III, 435, 443 sg. ; alliance of William II
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
Genoese, at Antioch, receive charter from
Bohemond, 295 note; ships at Jaffa, 295
sqq.
Gentile, bishop of Girgenti, one of Council
of Ten in Sicily, 197
Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, 504; his
baronies, 511; rebels against William II,
521 sq.
Geoffrey, bishop-elect of Lincoln, illegiti.
mate son of Henry II, 568, 570, 572;
resigns, 579; chancellor, ib.
Geoffrey, abbot of Vendôme, visits Urban II
at Rome, 91
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of King
Henry II, revolt of, 567; his death, 572
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, and
William I, 494 sq. ; death of, 495
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou,
marries Matilda, 540, 604; makes a truce
with Stephen, 542; invited to Caen by
Robert of Gloucester, 545; conquers
Normandy, 550, 607; Louis VII and, 605;
later relations with Louis, 608 sqq.
Pope, 175; Roger I in, 173 sq. , 177, 183;
179 sqq. , 186, 193, 362, 471; monasteries
in, 688
Calais, commune of, 645
Calatrava, Order of, 333, 682 sq.
Calixtus II, Pope (Guy, archbishop of
Vienne), opposes Paschal II's surrender,
103; elected Pope, 105,666; his character,
105 sq. ; negotiations with Henry V, 106,
161; rupture with Henry V, 106; and
Concordat of Worms, 107 sqq. , 162 sq. ,
360; his relations with Kings of England
and France, 106, 603; 110, 341 note,
672
Calixtus III (anti-Pope), see John of Struma
Caltabellotta, castle of, 203, 471
Camaldoli, Order of, 667 sq. , 695
Cambrai, 2; communal movement in, 120
note, 148 sq. , 635, 643
Cambridge, castle of, 503; 583; monks at,
689 sq. ; county of, 567
Camerino, given to Pope Victor II by Henry
III, 31
Camp, Cistercian abbey, 676
Campo, and monastery of Farfa, 5
Campo Grasso, Frederick I at, 419
Cannae, Normans defeated at (1018), 169
Canon Law, see Law, Canon
Canons regular, 13, 89, 678 sqq.
Canossa, castle, owned by Azzo, 23; 55;
absolution of Henry IV at, 60, 69 sq. , 72,
98, 126, 137, 179, 454
Canterbury, 501, 538, 562 sqq. , 566, 568;
see of, 511, 522, 526, 531, 545, 558, 561;
claims of see to primacy over York, 83,
106, 516; abbeys at, 509; archdeacon of,
558, 577
Canute, son of Eric, King of Denmark, his
rule in Schleswig, 344; murder of, ib. ;
386
Canute V, King of Denmark, son of Magnus,
disputes the throne with Svein III, 386;
killed, 387
Canute VI, King of Denmark, marries Henry
the Lion's daughter, 387; his attacks on
northern Germany, 407; 465, 468
Canute, see Knut
Capella, Martianus, 765, 788
Capitanei, doble class in Italian cities, 217
899.
Capua, 87, 167 sqq. , 180; capture of, 90 ;
462, 479; princes of, see Jordan, Pandulf,
Richard, Robert
Caracalla, Edict of, 701
Carcassonne, commune of, 628, 648, 650
Cardigan, 525, 546, 556
Cardinals, college of, viii, 37
Carinthia, duchy of, given to Berthold of
Zähringen, 113; his weakness in, 113 sq. ;
given to Liutold of Eppenstein, 140; 139
Carlisle, William II builds castle at, 524;
Henry I creates diocese of, 535; 544, 549;
castle, 556; 567 sq. , 570 sq. ; Austin
canons of, 679
Carmarthen, 525, 556
Carolus of Tocco, the jurist, 737
Carroccio, invention of, by Aribert, 218; in
the battle of Legnano, 446
Carthage, councils of, 11
Carthusian Order, the, 669 sq.
Cashel, 566
Cassel, 403, 599
Cassinese congregation, the, 693
Cassiodorus, and schools of rhetoric, 766
Cassiope, Normans defeated by Venetians
near, 182
Casteggio, 445
Castel, reformed monastery, 693
Castile, laws of, 747 sq. ; monasticism in,
677; military orders in, 682 sq.
Castrogiovanni, 176 sq.
Catalonia, feudal code of, 729 note; monasti.
cism in, 677
Catania, 177, 471
Catmere, 580
Catton, manor of, 499
Cauterets, 655
Caux, 609
Cedrenus, historian, on restoration of church
of Holy Sepulchre, 256 note; chronology of,
257 note, 258 note
Cefalù, church of, 206
Celestine Order, the, 688
Celestine II, Pope, pontificate of, 370; rela-
tions with Roger II, 188; and Louis VII,
607
Celestine III, Pope (Hyacinth), pontificate
of, 463 sqq. ; crowns Henry VI, 202, 464;
negotiations with Henry VI, 474, 476 sqq. ;
and indulgences, 323; 467
Celestine V, Pope, see Peter Morrone
Cencius, Roman noble, and Cadalus, 44;
imprisons Gregory VII, 66 sq. ; offers to
make Guiscard emperor, 179
Cephalonia, attacked by Normans, 182
Ceprano, Gregory VII meets Robert Guiscard
at, 77, 86, 180 sq. ; 416, 464
Cerigo, island, seized by Roger II, 376
Cerisy, abbey of St Vigor at, 491
Cerularius, Michael, see Michael Cerularius
Cesarea, see Alessandria
Chablis, commune of, suppressed, 652
Chalcedon, council of, 26
## p. 958 (#1004) ###########################################
958
Index
Chalcidius, his commentary on the Timaeus,
789 sq.
Chalon, count of, 615
Châlons, 101
Champagne, 410, 498, 604, 606 sq. , 618;
communes in, 639, 649; serfdom in, 641;
counts of, see Henry, Theobald
Chancellor, office of, in Henry II's reign, 579
Channel, the English, 497 sq. , 505, 520 sq. ,
530, 533, 536, 539, 543, 545, 551, 561, 610
Charles the Bald, Western Emperor, King
of France, and private churches, 8; 784
Charles the Great (Charlemagne), Western
Emperor, and private ownership of
churches, 8; and clerical celibacy, 12;
Frederick I causes him to be canonised,
394; and the reform of monasteries, 659;
and schools, 772 sqq. ; and the Carolingian
renaissance, 784 ; 20, 101, 382, 384
Charles, bishop of Constance, deposed for
simony, 45, 125
Charles the Good, count of Flanders, invited
to stand for election on the death of
Henry V, 335; murder of, 338, 598
Charlieu, near Lyons, 664
Charter of Charity, the, 672
Chartres, town, 593 sq. , 603; schools at,
778, 805; county of, 604; bishop of, 594;
count of, see Theobald
Châteaufort, castle, 593, 596 sq.
Chaumont-sur-Loire, 612
Chelles, nunnery, 671
Cherbourg, 498 note, 524
Cheshire, 504, 507 sq.
Chester, 537 sq. , 556, 568; earldom of, 507,
524; see of, 509, 511; earls of, 314, and
see Hugh, Ranuli
Chevreuse, castle, 593, 596
Chézal-Benoît, reformed monastery, 696
Chiaravalle, Cistercian abbey, 677
Chiavenna, meeting of Frederick I and
Henry the Lion at, 402 sq. , 446
Chichester, 538; see of, 511
Chieri, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Chindaswinth, King, and Visigothic law,
726, 744 sq.
Chinon, 556, 567
Chioggia, 449 sq.
Chirmirus, a schoolmaster, 771
Chiusa, abbey, 668
Christian, archbishop of Mayence, 198, 388,
393, 395, 407, 441, 455
Christian, count of Oldenburg, and Henry
the Lion, 398, 401
Chrodegang, St, bishop of Metz, his reforms,
13, 660, 772
Chrysostom, St John, 53
Chur, 157 note
Cibotus, crusaders defeated at, 276
Cilicia, Emperor Basil in, 252; crusaders'
victories in, 286 sqq. ; see also Armenia
Minor
Cino of Pistoia, jurist and poet, 740
Cirencester, abbey, 684
Cistercian Order, the, 672 sqq. ; its expan-
sion, ib. ; the Charter of Charity, 673; its
constitution, 674; lay-brothers, 675; rapid
growth of, 676; in England, ib. ; its
position in 1151, 677; reforms in the
15th century, 695
Citeaux, abbey, foundation of, 672; 553
Cities, Italian, Chaps. V, XIII; effect of
Lombard conquest on, 209 sq. ; ecclesias-
tical institutions, 210 sq. ; development
under Carolingian empire, 212; fortifica-
tion of, 212 sq. ; episcopal government in,
213; under rule of the Ottos, 213 sq. ;
growth of collective action, 214; the
castelli, 215; the boni homines, ib. ; early
communes in the South, 215 sq. ; difference
between these and northern towns, 216;
classes in northern cities, 217 sq. ; rise of
popolani, 218 sq. ; class war a factor in
growth of communes, 220; establishment
of consuls in, 220; cultural and political
influences on, 222 sq. ; supersession of
feudal and state authorities, xix, 223;
valuable aid of bishops in growth of, ib. ;
exterior expansion of, 223 sqq. ; rural com-
munes, 224 sq. ; position towards close
of 12th century, 225 sq. ; inter-city wars,
226, 228; development of commerce, 226
sq. ; intricate rivalries among, 227 sqq. ;
usurpation of regalia, 231 sq. ; imperial
diplomas to, ib. ; relations with counts,
viscounts, and bishops, 232; the arengo,
215, 219 sqq. , 232 sq. ; consuls and other
officials, 220 sqq. , 233; the Council, 233
sq. ; law of, 234 sq. ; constitution of army
in, 235 sq. ; milites and pedites, 235 sq. ;
gilds, 236 sq. ; internal strife, 237; the
podestà, 237 sq. ; commerce and banking
in, 239 sqq. ; corporate life in, 240; blood
feuds among nobles of, 240; general
character of, xix sq. , 241; effects of
Crusades on, 328 sq. ; 361, 646; see also
Lombard League
Civita Castellana, Guibert dies at, 96;
Hadrian IV at, 419; Alexander III dies
at, 455
Civitate, battle of (1053), 28, 173, 494
Clairvaux, abbey of, 563, 666, 672 sqg.
Clare, family, head of, created earl of
Hertford, 548
Clare, Gilbert of, created earl of Pembroke
by Stephen, 546; nicknamed Strongbow,
565
Clare, Richard of, 511
Clare, Richard Fitz Gilbert de, see Strongbow
Clare, Roger de, earl of Hertford, and
Becket, 558
Clarebold of Vendeuil, a leader of Crusades,
277
Clarendon, 561, 577
Clarendon, Assize of, 584 sqq.
Clarendon, Constitutions of, 100, 559 sqq. ,
566
Clement II, Pope (Suidger, bishop of Bam-
berg), 22 sq. , 26
## p. 959 (#1005) ###########################################
Index
959
Clement III, anti-Pope, see Guibert, arch-
bishop of Ravenna
Clement III, Pope, and Frederick I, 409,
459; supports Tancred of Lecce, 461;
death of, 202, 463
Clement IV, Pope, and Roger Bacon, 826
Clement V, Pope, issues Clementine Decretals,
714
Clement the Scot, and Charles the Great,
772 sq.
649 sq. ;
XXI
Clementia, daughter of Conrad of Zähringen,
marries Henry the Lion, 357
Cleobury Mortimer, 555
Clermont, council of (1095), 88 sg. , 94 sq. ,
99, 265, 271 sqq. ; 598; canons of,
615
Clifford, Walter, 556
Clinton, Geoffrey de, 534
Cluniacs, favoured by Pilgrim of Cologne, 2;
influence in Burgundy, 18; extension of
influence under Urban II, 89; 515
Cluny, monastery of, 2, 4, 15, 34, 484, 528,
615, 661 sqq. ; Urban II prior of, 87; death
of Gelasius II at, 105; its dependent houses,
663; under Odilo, 664; under Hugh, 665;
its influence, 666; St Bernard and, ib. ;
abbots of, see Aymard, Berno, Hugh,
Mayeul, Odilo, Odo, Peter, Pons
Coblenz, Conrad III elected king at, 346
Codification of Justinian, Chap.
632; royal influence, 633 sq. ; ecclesiastical
influence, 634 sqq. ; Peace of God and, 635
sq. ; the Crusades and, 636; influence of
commerce, 637; growth through struggle,
637 sqq. ; peaceful advance of, 639 sq. ;
economic development, 640 sq. ; serfdom
and, 641; exactions of lords and, 642;
influence of geography, 643; and of in-
creasing wealth, 644; independent growth
of, 646 sq. ; double towns, 648; affiliation
of communes, 648 sq. ; regional grouping,
rural communes, 650 sqq. ;
common property, rights and duties, 652
sq. ; general conclusions as to, 656 sq. ;
international character of the movement,
645 sq. ; in England, 645; in Germany,
xix, 119 sq. , 646; in Italy, see Cities,
Italian
Comneni, end of the, 473; see also Alexius,
Andronicus, Isaac, John, Manuel
Como, an early rival of Milan, 220; conquered
by Milan, 230; 426 sq. , 445
Compiègne, 649
Conan, a citizen of Rouen, helps William II,
523
Conan, earl of Richmond, and the writ of
right, 586
Conches, monastery at, 493; forest of, 653
Concordia Regularum, 660
Coniuratio, sworn league of citizens in Italy,
216
Connaught, 565
Cono, see Cuno
Conrad II, Western Emperor, 9 sq. , 17 sqq. ,
23 sq. , 31, 119, 127, 138 note, 169 sq.
Conrad III of Hohenstaufen, King of the
Romans, Chaps. X, xi passim; 153 sq. ;
made duke, 160; his against
Lothar III, 338; elected anti-king, and
proceeds to Italy, ib. ; his diplomas to
Italian cities, 231; crowned at Monza,
339, 363; returns to Germany, 339; sub-
mits to Lothar III, 341, 366; his election
as king, 346, 367; relations with Henry
the Proud, 346; and the Second Crusade,
307, 353 sqq. , 374; alliance with Manuel,
188 sq. , 356, 376; faces rebellion of Welf VI
in Swabia, 348 sq. ; his victory and its
effects, 349; his settlement of civil wars at
Frankfort, 349; ecclesiastical difficulties
over abbey of St Maximin, 350 sq. ; his
family connexions, 351; relations with
Poland and Bohemia, 351 sq. ; relations
with Hungary, 352; reconciles Henry
Jasomirgott and the bishop of Ratisbon,
352; last activities of, 357 sq. , 378 sq. ;
failure of attack on Brunswick, 358; his
death and character, 358 sq. , 380; power
of Curia in reign of, 391 note; 164, 334 sq. ,
passim
Coder Gregorianus, 704, 721
Codex Hermogenianus, 704, 721
Codex Regularum, 660
Coder Theodosianus, see Theodosian Code
Colchester, 527, 538, 518
Coldres, 653
Cologne, 2; decay of common life among
cathedral clergy at, 13; 115; rising against
Anno at, 120, 132; second marriage of
Henry IV at, 145; its loyalty to Henry IV,
and consequent punishment by Henry V,
150 sq. ; its attitude to Henry V, 157;
revolts against Henry V, 159; 160; sides
with Henry V and expels archbishop
Frederick, 161; Peter the Hermit at,
275; persecution of Jews by crusaders at,
277
Colon na, family of, first appearance in
history, 96
Colon na, Peter, defeated by Paschal II, 96
Colswegen of Lincoln, 508
Commentators, the, on the Civil Law, 738
s99.
Commerce, development of, in Italian cities,
226 sq. ; trade routes of Lombardy, 229;
effect of Crusades on, 328 sqq. ; effect of,
on French communes, 643 sq.
Communes, xix sq. ; in France, Chap. xix;
definition of a commune in France, 625;
communes jurées, 626; consulates, 627 sq. ;
villes de bourgeoisie, 628 sq. ; bastides and
villes neuves, 629 sq. ; rural communities,
630; causes of their rise, 630 sq. ; Roman
influence, 631 sq. ; Germanic influence,
381 sq. , 384, 396, 410
Conrad, King, son of Henry IV, accepted as
his successor at Goslar, 135; made duke
of Lower Lorraine, ib. ; crowned King
of Germany, 145; revolt against Henry IV,
91 sq. , 146; crowned king of Italy, 91; does
war
## p. 960 (#1006) ###########################################
960
Index
negotiations with Leo IX, 257; establishes
law-school, 719
Constantinople (Byzantium), Chap. VI;
Norman influence at, 171; trade of, 239,
329; William II attacks, 199; and Second
Crusade, 353, 356 sq. ; Barbarossa and,
411; capture of, by Fourth Crusade, 314;
28 sq. , 31 sq. , 396, 473, 479, 716
Consuetudines Carthusienses, 669
Consulates, in South France, Chap. XIX;
627 sq.
fealty to Urban II, 94; marries daughter
of Roger of Sicily, ib. , 183; his failure
and death, 94
Conrad of Montſerrat, King of Jerusalem,
relations with Guy de Lusignan, 310 sq. ;
marries Isabella, sister of Baldwin IV,
311; secures succession to the throne of
Jerusalem, ib. ; death of, ib.
Conrad, archbishop of Magdeburg, supports
Henry the Lion, 348
Conrad I, archbishop of Salzburg, revolts
against Henry V, 104; his reforming zeal,
110; opposes Henry V's ecclesiastical
policy, 156; supports Innocent II, 342;
341, 352, 404 note
Conrad II, archbishop of Salzburg, his ex-
pulsion by Frederick I and death, 395
Conrad, archbishop of Trèves, murdered,
116
Conrad of Wittelsbach, made archbishop of
Mayence by Frederick I, but removed, 388,
440; 441, 457
Conrad, bishop of Worms, his embassy to
Alexander III, 395
Conrad, duke of Zähringen, his alliance with
Lothar III, 337; does homage to Conrad
III, 346; the Wends and, 355; opposes
Conrad III, 357; his efforts to subdue
Burgundy, 389; his death, ib.
Conrad, half-brother of Frederick I, made
count-palatine of the Rhine, 387, 469
Conrad of Wettin, margrave of Meissen,
appointed by Lothar III, 164; turbulence
of, 339; 386
Conrad, count of Luxemburg, 142
Conrad of Lützelinhard, German general,
470, 472
Conrad of Nordheim, murdered, 152
Conrad of Urslingen, made vicegerent of
Sicily, 472
Conradin of Hohenstaufen, as King of
Jerusalem, 316 sq.
Consorzeria, or family group, in Italian
cities, 236, 240 sq.
Constance, synod of (1094), 92; treaty of
(1153), 190, 384, 394, 396; Peace of (1183),
198, 452; 20, 390, 408, 693
Constance, Empress, daughter of Roger II
of Sicily, 191, 200; marries Henry VI, 198,
408, 453, 457; receives oath of allegiance
from Sicilian nobles, 461; captured by
Normans, 202, 464; liberated and escapes
to Germany, 465; becomes mother of
Frederick II, 456, 472; 471
Constance, daughter of Bohemond II of
Antioch, marries Raymond of Poitou, 302;
marries Reginald of Chatillon, 308
Constance, sister of Louis VII, betrothed to
Stephen's eldest son, 546; 616
Constantine I, the Great, Emperor, 7, 20,
80, 715 sqq.
Constantine VII, Eastern Emperor, 718
Constantine VIII, Eastern Emperor, his
treaty with the Fātimites, 256
Constantine IX, Eastern Emperor, 28 sq. ;
Consuls, their establishment in Italian cities,
220 sqq. , 233; origin of title, 222; 209
Conterati, local bands in South Italy, 168
Conway, river, 525
Corbeil, castle of, 593, 596
Corbie, commune of, 635, 649; abbey, 652
Corfù, captured by Guiscard, 181; captured
by Roger II, 189, 375
Corinth, sacked by Roger II, 376
Cormeilles, monastery of, 497
Corméry, monastery, 659
Cornwall, 497, 503, 508, 545; earldom of,
created by Matilda, 547; earls of, see
Reginald, Richard
Corpus Christi, Order of, 692
Corsi, the, Paschal II and, 96
Corsica, authority over, claimed by Gregory
VII, 85; and by Urban II, 90; Pisa, Genoa
and, 226 sq. , 266
Cosimo, grand-duke of Tuscany, annexes
Siena, 226
Cotentin, the, 491, 493; Henry I and, 523,
529; 550
Cotta, family at Milan, 40
Couci, castle of, 593, 595 sq.
Coucy-sur-Loire, Alexander III at, 437
Couesnon, river, 488
Counts-palatine, their position, 118 sq. , 121
note
Coutances, 493; diocese of, 497
Coxon, see Geuksun
Cracow, destruction of, 351
Craswell, monastery, 669
Crécy-en-Brie, castle, 596 sq.
Crécy-sur-Serre, 595
Crema, natural ally of Milan, 230; with-
stands siege by Lothar III, 364; besieged
and destroyed by Frederick I, 397, 428 sq. ;
rebuilt, 458
Cremona, 94; geographical position of, 208;
bishop made count of, 214; Otto III's
grant to, ib. ; a rival of Milan, 230; a rival
of Piacenza and Reggio, 230; besieged by
Frederick I, 458
Crescentii, the, Roman family, 14 sq. , 19,
35
Crescentius, John, patrician of Rome, death
of, 15
Crowhurst, 500
Crusades, Chaps. VII, VIII, IX; character of,
xiii sq. ; effects of, upon Western Europe,
Chap. ix; importance of the movement,
320; and the Papacy, 320 sqq. ; causes of
enthusiasm for, in Europe, 321 sq. ; papal
## p. 961 (#1007) ###########################################
961
Daimbert, archbishop of Sens, protests
against primacy of Lyons, 89
Dalmatia, 113
Dalon, monastery, 678
Damascus, captured by Fățimites, 248;
governors nominated by Fāțimites, 249;
position of during caliphate of Hākim,
253 sq. ; and Turkish invasion, 260;
captured by Turks, 262; under Tūtush,
263 sq. ; 290, 293, 306; vainly besieged in
Second Crusade, 307, 436, 608; conquered
by Nur-ad-Din, 307 sq. ; annexed by
Saladin, 309; 315
Damasus II, Pope (Poppo, bishop of Brixen),
10, 23
Damian, St Peter, see Peter Damian
Dammartin, lord of, 597
Danegeld, William II and, 523; changes by
Henry I, 538; Stephen and, 553; 583
Danelaw, the, 507, 509
Dante Aligbieri, and the commentators, 739,
740; his De Monarchia, 827
Dantzig, captured by Teutonic Knights, 333
Danube, river, 338, 353
Darrein presentment, writ of, 589
Dā’ūd Qilij-Arslān, see Qilij-Arslān
Dauphiné, 616
David, King of Scotland, given the honour
of Huntingdon by Henry I, 536; attacks
Stephen, 543; invades England again, but
is defeated, 544; makes peace, 544; death
of, 556
David of Scotland, earl of Huntingdon, and
Henry II, 570
David, bishop of Bangor, official historian
to Henry V, 154 sq.
Dax, commune of, 643, 647
De Goeje, on Qarmațian schism, 248
De ordinando pontifice auctor Gallicus, tract,
22
Decius, Philip, the jurist, 740
Decretum, see Gratian
Deheubarth, South Welsh principality, 525,
556 sq. ; princes of, see Rhys
Demmin, besieged by crusaders against
Wends, 355; besieged by Henry the Lion,
398, 403
Denmark, and Gregory VII, 85; relations
with Lothar III, 344 sq. ; rule of Niel and
Magnus in, 344; civil war between Svein
and Canute in, 386 sq. ; danger to, from
Slavs, 397; Henry the Lion and, 406 sq. ;
monasticism in, 677; 355; Kings of, see
Canute VI, Eric I, II, III, Knut, Svein,
Waldemar
Derby, borough, 555; earldom of, created by
Stephen, 546; earls of, see Ferrers
Derbyshire, 568
Dermot Mac Murrough, King of Leinster,
and Henry II, 565 sq.
Derwent, river, 499
Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino, see
Victor III, Pope
Devon, Devonshire, 481, 500, 503, 525, 532,
543; earldom of, 547; earls of, see Redvers
Index
misuse of, 322 sq. ; and ecclesiastical
taxation, 323 sq. ; and missionary work,
325; effect on geographical knowledge,
326 sq. ; effect on economic and social life,
327 sq. ; on commerce, 328 sqq. ; effect
on Italian cities, 329 sq. ; effect on learn-
ing, 331 sq. ; military results of, on the
West, 332; permanent influence of, 333;
Henry VI's projected crusade, 473 sq. ,
478 sq. ; Frederick II's crusade, 314; Theo-
bald of Navarre's crusade, 315; Louis IX's
first crusade, 315 sq. ; Louis IX's second
crusade, 317
Crusade, First, Chap. VII; Urban II and,
94 sq. , 147 sq. , 272 sq. ; its aims and
ideals, 265; diverging views of Greeks and
Latins as to, 270 sq. ; its leaders and their
rivalries, 273 sq. ; routes to Constantinople,
274; probable number of crusaders, 277
sqq. , 297 sq. ; policy of Alexius, 279 sq. ;
Latin treaty with Alexius, 283 sq. ; Latin
hatred of Greeks, 284 sq. ; rivalry of
Tancred and Baldwin, 287 sq. ; capture
of Antioch, 292; capture of Jerusalem,
295 sq. ; rôle of Peter the Hermit in, 299
Crusade, Second, Eugenius III and, 353;
St Bernard preaches the crusade, ib. ;
Conrad III and, 353 sqq. , 410; its dis-
astrous results, 307; 188 sq. , 347, 351
Crusade, Third, William II of Sicily and,
200; 310 sqq. ; dissensions among its
leaders, 311; its results, 311 sq. ; Frede-
rick I and, 410 sqq.
; hostility of Isaac
Angelus, ib. ; capture of Iconium, 412;
death of Frederick I, ib. ; 409, 460, 467
Crusade, Fourth, 314, 329, 332, 411
Crusade, Fifth, 314
Crusades against Christians, 323
Crusades against the Wends, 355 sq.
Cujas, on the commentators, 739; 752
Cumberland, conquered by William II, 524;
enfeoffed to Henry of Scotland, 543; sur-
rendered to Henry II, 556; 582
Cunegunda, Empress, wife of Henry II,
crowned by Benedict VIII, 15
Cunegunda (Cuniza), heiress of the Welfs,
wife of Azzo of Este, 129, 337 note, 386
Cunibert, bishop of Turin, 13 note
Cuno (Cono), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina,
excommunicates Henry V, 160; his
activity against Henry V, 103, 161; 595
Curia, Papal, viii
Curia Regis, in England, under William I,
515; under Henry I, 533 sqq. ; in Sicily,
205
Cyprus, conquered by Richard I, 310; dynasty
of Lusignans in, 314; Henry VI and, 473;
Kings of, see Amaury, Guy, Henry de
Lusignan, Hugh III
Dābiq, battle of, 260
Dagobert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, Latin Patriarch
of Jerusalem, 92, 220; his claims as
Patriarch, 304, 313
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
61
## p. 962 (#1008) ###########################################
962
Index
Dialogus de Scaccario, 573
Diepold of Vohburg, German general, 464,
470, 472
Dieppe, tolls of, 486
Diether, chancellor of Henry VI, on Sicily,
462
Dietrich, count of Katlenburg, 152 note
Dietrich of Landsberg, bis accusations
against Henry the Lion, 404
Dietrich, bishop of Verdun, given territory
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143
Dietrich of Wettin, 465
Dijon, 2, 437, 618 sq. , 649; monastery of
St Bénigne at, 659 sq. , 662 sq. ; 695
Dinant, échevins at, 632
Dionysius Exiguus, his collection of canons,
Dudley, 544
Dudo, dean of Saint-Quentin, on history of
Normandy, 484
Duffield, 568
Duisburg, 407
Dunois, county of, 653
Duns Scotus, his philosophy, 827 sqq.
Dunstable, 538
Dunstan, St, 3; his reform of English
monasteries, 663; Theodulf's capitulary
and, 775
Dunster, 544
Dunwich, 538
Duqāq, Shams-al-mulūk, ruler of Damascus,
Turkish leader, 264, 293
Durance, river, 664
Durand, bishop of Troarn, 3
Durandus (Wilhelmus Durantis), the canon.
ist, 742
Durazzo, captured by Normans, 181 sq. ; re-
taken, 182; 199, 280, 283
Durham, 504, 543 sq. ; castle of, 522; see
of, 511, 537; cathedral, 553; abbey, 689,
691
Dyfed, South Welsh principality, 525, 546
708 sq.
Dirghām, vizier of Egypt, defeated by
Amaury I, 308; deposed by Nūr-ad-Din,
ib.
Disceptatio Synodalis, treatise of St Peter
Damian, 44
Dives, river, 495, 499
Djidjelli, captured by Roger II, 189
Dmitri, King of Russia, and Gregory VII, 85
Dobin, Wendish fortress, 355, 397
Dol, in Brittany, 518, 536
Dole, in Franche Comté, 618
Domain, royal, in Germany, 122 sq. ; Henry
IV and domain in Saxony, 128; in Eng.
land, 508 sq. ; in France, 592 sqq.
Domesday Book, evidence to be drawn from,
505 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; church lands,
509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; secular clerks,
679
Domfront, seized by William I, 495; 527,
531
Dominic, St, 683
Donaldbane, elected King of Scotland, but
deposed by William II, 524
Donati, Corso, podestà, 238
Donation of Constantine, 711; Nicholas II
and, 175; Gregory VII makes use of,
85; Urban II uses, 85 note, 90, 175
Doneau, the jurist, 752
Donnelay, 654
Donzy, 615
Dorchester (on Thames), see of, 511, 516
Dorotheus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Dorset, 544, 549
Dorylaeum, crusaders defeat Turks at, 286
sq. ; Conrad III defeated at, 608
Douaren, the jurist, 752
Dover, 501, 503, 521, 567 sq.
Dreu of Mouchy, and Louis VII, 615
Dreux, 593; count of, 614; see Robert
Drogo, bishop of Macon, 34
Drogo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, goes
to Aversa, 170; wars against Byzantines,
171; recognised as leader of Apulian
Normans, 172; murder of, 173
Drogo of Nesle, a leader of crusades, 277
Druses, their belief as to Caliph Hākim,
253
Dublin, 504, 565 sq.
Eadmer, chronicler, on St Anselm, 97
Eadric the Wild, revolts against William I,
504
Eadwig, King of England, 663
Ealdgyth, Queen, wife of Harold, 497
Ealdred, archbishop of York, crowns
William I, 502; death of, 516
East Anglia, 481, 501 sq. , 504, 507, 522,
551, 568, 570, 578, 581; earl of, 518
Eberhard, archbishop of Salzburg, papal
sympathies of, 394; Frederick I's letter
to, 431; 395
Eberhard, archbishop of Trèves, made
primate of Gallia Belgica, 34
Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg, sent by
Frederick I on embassy to Rome, 382; tries
to reconcile Frederick I and Hadrian IV,
429; his attitude towards claims of
Frederick I, 394
Eberhard, count of Nellenburg, sent by
Henry IV on embassy to Italy, 65; sent to
garrison Lüneburg, 130; captured by
Saxons, 131
Eborard, bishop of Norwich, 553
Ę brach, Cistercian abbey, 676
Échauffour, barony of, 488 sq.
Échevins, in French communes,
Eden, river, 524
Edessa, Frankish county of, 301 sq. ; 304 sq. ;
Baldwin first count, 287; conquered by
Zangī, 307; effect of its fall on Europe,
307, 353, 373, 607; counts of, see Baldwin,
Joscelin
Edgar the Aetheling, set aside by Harold,
481; plan to raise him to the throne on
Harold's death, 501; submits to William,
502; taken to Normandy, 503; vain re-
bellions of, 503 sqq. ; sent by William II to
invade Scotland, 524; takes the Cross, 527
632 sq.
## p. 963 (#1009) ###########################################
Index
963
Edgar, son of Malcolm Canmore, King of
Scotland, 524
Edictum Rotharis, the, 723, 730 sq.
Edinburgh, castle of, 571
Edington, canons of, 683
Edith, Queen, widow of Edward the Con-
fessor, 508
Edith, Queen of Henry I, see Matilda
Edward the Confessor, King of England,
death of, 481
Edward I, King of England, and French
communes, 634; his crusade, 317
Edward III, King of England, 692
Edwin, earl of Mercia, acquiesces in Harold's
election, 482; defeated by Harold Hardrada,
499; retires to his estates after Hastings,
501 sq. ; submits to William, 502; rebels,
503; death of, 505
Egbert, archbishop of York, his collection of
penitentials, 710
Egilbert, archbishop of Trèves, 113 note
Egypt, Islām in, Chap. vi; Tūlūnite dynasty
in, 244 sq. ; rule of emirs from Baghdad, 245
sq. ; conquered byFātimite Caliphs, 247sqq. ;
position of, in second half of tenth century,
252 sq. ; under Caliph Hākim, ib. ; under
Caliph Mustanşir, 258 sqq. ; peace restored
by Badr-al-jamāli, 262; invaded by Turks,
262; Norman attacks on coasts of, 200;
relations with kingdom of Jerusalem, 308;
conquered for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Saladin,
Sultan of, 309; crusades against, 314 sqq. ;
Mamlūks of, conquer Latin States, 317 sq.
Eichstädt, 32
Eider, river, 344, 387, 399
Eike von Repkow, his Sachsenspiegel, 753
Eilica, daughter of duke Magnus Billung,
marries Otto of Ballenstadt, 152 sq. ; mother
of Albert the Bear, ib.
Einhard, the historian, 773
Ekbert I, count of Brunswick, aids Anno to
capture Henry IV, 115, 129; made mar-
grave of Meissen, 129
Ekbert II, count of Brunswick, made
margrave of Meissen, 129; leader in Saxon
revolt, 130 sq. ; expels Vratislav of Bohe-
mia from Meissen, 135; won over by Henry
IV, 141; his ambition, 144; his isolation
and death, 145; 152 sq. , 164, 334
Ekbert, bishop of Münster, 342
Ekkehard, chronicler, 155; on inception of
the First Crusade, 272
Elbe, river, 344, 355, 357, 397, 399, 401, 460,
465
Eleanor, of Aquitaine, Queen, marries Louis
VII, 604; urges Louis to support Ralph of
Vermandois, 606; divorced, and marries
Henry II, 551, 609; imprisoned, 567; vice-
regal authority of, 575
Elim, 301
Elster, river, battle near, 141
Elvira, council of, and celibacy, 11
Elvira, wife of Roger II, 191
Ely, 504 sq. , 549, 552; monastery, 509;
diocese created by Henry I, 535
Emico, count of Leiningen, a leader of
crusaders, persecutes Jews, 277,
Emmehard, missionary, made bishop of
Mecklenburg, 356
Emperors of the East, see Alexius I, II, III,
Andronicus, Basil I, II, Constantine VII,
VIII, IX, Isaac Angelus, John Comnenus,
John Tzimisces, Leo III, VI, Manuel,
Michael IV, VII, Nicephorus II, III,
Romanus III, IV
Emperors of the West (and Kings of the
Romans), see Charles, Conrad II, III,
Frederick, I, II, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar III, Louis, Otto I, II, III, IV, Philip
England, Chaps. XIV, xv, XVI; Norman
monarchy in, xv sq. ; simony in, 9 sq. ;
Leo IX and, 29; church reform in, 45 sq. ;
Gregory VII and, 63, 83 sq. ; Henry the
Lion and, 406 sq. , 460; rental in 1086,
506 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; lands held by
clergy, 509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; tenure
of fiefs under William I, 511 sqq. ; con-
dition of peasants, 513; development of
Roman and canon law in, 757 sqq. ; see also
Peter's Pence; Kings of, see Edward the
Confessor, Edward I, III, Harold, Henry
I, II, V, VIII, John, Richard, Stephen,
William I, II
Enguerrand of Coucy, 593, 595
Ennodius, historian, 766
Epernon, castle of, 593, 596
Eppenstein, family of, predominant in
Carinthia, 114, 140; see Liutold
Eppin the cup-bearer, at the court of Charles
the Great, 772
Epte, river, 491, 601 sq.
Equestrian order, revived at Rome, 373
Erfurt, synod at (1073), 131 note; synod at
(1074), 61; diet of (1182), Henry the Lion
submits to Frederick I at, 406; diet of
(1196), refuses to make crown hereditary,
478
Eric I, King of Denmark, 344
Eric II, King of Denmark, driven out by
Magnus, 344; obtains the throne, 344 sq. ;
386
Eric III, King of Denmark, 355, 386
Erlembald, leader of reformers at Milan, 40,
47 sq. ; visits Rome, 47; war against Guido,
48; ruler of Milan, 48, 219; rising against
him, and his murder, 64
Erluin, abbot of Lobbes, 5
Erlung, bishop of Würzburg, revolts against
Henry V, 160
Ermengarde, viscountess of Narbonne,
appeals to Louis VII, 616
Ermesinde, daughter of Henry, count of
Namur, 411
Ermingarde, sister of Conrad III, marries
Godfrey of Lorraine, 350 note
Esdraelon, plain of, 249
Eskil, archbishop of Lund, outrage against,
390, 424
Esne, 630
Essex, 502 sq. , 508, 549, 568; earldom of,
61—2
## p. 964 (#1010) ###########################################
964
Index
created by Stephen, 546; earls of, see
Mandeville
Este, castle of Estensi Otbertines, 230
Estensi, line of Otbertine marquesses,
225
Estrith, sister of Knut, 490
Esychius, 768
Etampes, 342, 620
Étienne of Tournai, the canonist, 742
Eu, 483, 490, 531, 536, 539; comté, 485
Eudes, duke of Burgundy, helps to found
Cîteaux, 672
Eudes, count of Corbeil, 596
Eugenius II, Pope, and schools, 776
Eugenius III, Pope (Bernard of Pisa), election
of, 370, 677; and Roman republic, 370 sq. ;
proclaims Second Crusade, 353, 373; his
doubts as to the Second Crusade, 374 sq. ;
holds council of Rheims to discuss doctrine,
376; returns to Italy, 377; attacks Arnold
at council of Brescia, ib. ; relations with
Roger II, 188, 377; attempts to regain
Rome, 377; strives to detach Conrad III
from his alliance with Manuel, 378 sq. ;
his negotiations with Conrad III, 379 sq. ;
embassy of Frederick I to, 382, 413 sq. ;
close alliance with Frederick I, 190, 384;
and Frederick I's appointment to the see
of Magdeburg, 392; unites Savigny to
Cistercians, 678; dies, 677; 383, 682
Eugenius IV, Pope, and monastic reform,
695
Eugenius,emir, translator of Ptolemy's Optics,
207
Eure, river, 536
Euric, King of the Visigoths, laws of, 726,
744 sq. , 763
Eustace, count of Boulogne, helps William I,
498; tries to drive Odo of Bayeux from
Dover, 503; his baronies, 511
Eustace, count of Boulogne, goes with his
brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, on First
Crusade, 274, 283; quarrels and is recon.
ciled with Henry I of England, 529; heiress
of, marries Stephen, 537
Eustace of Blois, count of Boulogne, son of
King Stephen, 550; supported by Louis
VII, 609; death of, 551, 610
Eustace Grener, captures Tyre, 305
Eutin, 354
Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Murrough,
565
Everard de Ros, 578
Ęvesham, abbey, 684
Evrecy, 525, 530
Évreux, 531, 536, 539, 603; comté, 485;
count of, 612
Ewyas, 525
Exchequer, English, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 533 sq. ; under Henry II, 573
Fakhr-al-mulūk Ridwān, see Ridwan
Falaise, 483, 490, 492 sq. , 523, 531, 55);
Robert of Bellême and, 530; tolls of, 486
Falkenstein, castle, 339
False Decretals, see Law, Canon
Fāmiyah, besieged by Greeks, 250, 252
Fārābi, Arab philosopher, 815 sq.
Farfa, monastery of, 658; its endowment,
661 ; resists reform, 5, 662; reformed by
abbot Hugh, 664; Frederick I at, 421; 14,
36
Fasdiq (Tell-as-sultān), 261
Fātik, Aziz-ad-Daulah, 255
Fātimite Caliphs, dynasty of, 244; attacks
on Egypt, 245; conquest of Egypt, 247;
rivalry with Qarmatians, 248; conquest of
South Syria, 249; contact and wars with
Byzantine Empire, 249 sqq. ; treaties with
Byzantines, 251 sq. , 256 sq. ; Syrian revolts,
253 sqq. ; loss of North Africa, 258; em.
ployment of Turks, 259; loss of Syria to
Seljūgs, 260 sqq. ; recovery of Palestine,
264; loss of Palestine to crusaders, 295 599. ;
puppets of their viziers, 308; conquered
for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Caliphs, see 'Aziz,
Hâkim, Mu'izz, Musta'lī, Mustanşir,
*Ubaidallāh, Zahir
Fécamp, 490, 524; abbey of, foundation of,
484; charters of, 486 sq. ; 491, 500
Felix, St, of Valois, 683
Felix, bishop of Urgel, his heresy, 659
Felixstowe, 569
Fermo, 5, 65, 179 sq.
Ferrara, 23; rival of Venice, 230; death of
Urban III at, 458
Ferrers, family of, 511
Ferrers, Robert de, created earl of Derby by
Stephen, 546
Ferrers, William de, earl of Derby, rebels
against Henry II, 568; 580
Ferruchius, sells the Lateran to Urban II,
91
Fieschi, Sinibaldo de', see Innocent IV, Pope
Figeac, commune at, 634
Filieffe, commune, 653
Firdaus, see Philaretus
Fitero, abbey, 682
Fitz Alan, William, of Oswestry, rebels
against Stephen, 544
Fitz Baldwin, William, in Wales, 525
Fitz Count, Brian, 536; rebels against
Stephen, 545
Fitz Flaald, Alan, ancestor of the Stuarts,
536
Fitz Gerald, Henry, 580
Fitz Gerald, Warin, 580
Fitz Gilbert, Richard, see Strongbow, Richard
Fitz Hamon, Robert, his campaign in Wales,
525; 536; supports Henry 1, 528; im-
prisoned by Robert of Normandy, 530
Fitz John, Eustace, rebels against Stephen,
544
Fitz Osbern, Osbern, dean of Bosham, 497
Fitz Osbern, William, earl of Hereford,
founds a monastery at Lire, 493; seneschal
$99.
Exeter, besieged, 503; see of, 511; com-
munal chapter of, 678
Exmes, tolls of, 486; 543
Eye, honour of, 528, 537, 541, 558, 561
## p. 965 (#1011) ###########################################
Index
965
of William I, 497; left in charge in England,
503; his baronies, 511; erects castles, 512;
death of, 518
Fitz Stephen, William, on the exchequer,
574
Flanders, dispute as to succession in, 598 sqq. ;
communes in, 626, 637, 639, 643 sqq. , 649;
monasticism in, 677; 135, 288, 410 sq. ,
494, 518, 535, 604; counts of, see Baldwin,
Charles, Philip, Robert, Thierry, William
Flarchheim, indecisive battle of (1080), 141
Fleury, monastery of, 661; reformed by Odo,
662; its dependent houses, 663
Fleury, historian, on Ratherius, 3
Flochberg, castle, besieged by Welf VI, 357
Flora, hermitage, 688
Florence, council in (1055), 31; death of
en IX at, 33; 35; death of Nicholas II
near, 39; consuls at, 220; wars with the
Guidi and Alberti, 224; position at end of
twelfth century, 225; her increasing power,
228; her foes and allies, ib. ; meetings of
the Savii at, 234
Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, later of
London, 555, 557, 563
Foliot, Roger, 576
Folmar, archdeacon, his claim to arch-
bishopric of Trèves, 408, 455 sq. , 458;
finally deposed by Clement III, 409,
459
Fontaines, Pierre de, French jurist, 751
Fontaneto, provincial synod at (1057), 41
Fonte Avellana, monastery of, 33, 667
Fontebuono, monastery, 667
Fontenay, abbey, 673
Fontevrault, monastery and order of, 671,694
Fontfroide, abbey, 688
Forchheim, diet at, Rudolf of Swabia elected
king, 71, 137 sqq. , 166, 334
· Formulas Visigoticas, the, 744
Fornham St Genevieve, battle at, 570
Foroiulium (Udine), see of, 28
Forth, the, 524
Fountains, abbey, 553, 666, 677, 686 sq.
Framlingham, castle, 568 sq. , 571
France, Chap. XVIII; anarchy in, 592 sqq. ;
growth of royal power in, xvi sq. ; simony
in, 9; church reform in, 34, 46, 81 sqq. ,
88 sq. ; lay investiture abolished in, 99;
alliance of Hohenstaufen with, 397;
temporary breach of alliance, 468 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
748 sqq. ; legal literature and teaching,
750 sqq. ; schools of rhetoric in, 766;
episcopal schools in, 771 sq. ; Charles the
Great and schools in, 772 sqq. ; schools
after Charles, 776 sqq. ; Kings of, see
Charles, Henry I, Louis VI, VII, IX,
Philip I, II; see also Communes
Franche Comté, see Burgundy, county of
Francis, St, of Assisi, his mission to Egypt,
325
Franciscans, the, and Aristotelianism, 822
sg.
Franconia, duchy of, 113, 118 sq. , 137, 140,
145, 339, 383; bishops of Würzburg given
ducal rights in, 118; bishop Erlung de-
prived of these rights, 160; ascendancy of
Hohenstaufen in, 336; monasticism in,
676
Frangipani, John, Urban II supported by, 91
Frangipani, Roman family, drive Gelasius II
from Rome, 105; bring back Innocent II
to Rome, 368
Frankfort, council of (794), 8; settlement of
(1142), 349 sq. ; diet at (1147), 353, 357;
348, 382, 478
Franks, laws of the, 723, 727 sq.
Frederick I, Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
Chaps. XII, XIII; duke of Swabia, 379;
his unanimous election, 380 sq. ; character
of, 382, 413; his work in Germany, xvii sq. ;
his legislative work, 382 sq. ; promulgates
a Land Peace, 383; settlement of Bavaria,
385; and Denmark, 386; disturbances in
Germany during absence of, 387 sq. ; rela-
tions with Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary,
388 sq. ; relations with Burgundy, 389 sq. ;
divorces Adelaide and marries Beatrix of
Burgundy, 390; the diet of Besançon
(1157), 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; ecclesiastical
policy of, 108, 390 sqq. ; success of his
ecclesiastical policy, 395; relations with
Byzantine Empire, 396; with France, 397;
and England, ib. ; and Louis VII, 617 sqq. ;
alliance with Philip Augustus, 409; his
support of Henry the Lion, 401; breach
with Henry, 402 sq. ; tries and condemns
Henry, 404 sq. ; the Lombard League and,
Chap. XII; relations with Eugenius III,
190, 413 sg. ; his first expedition to Italy,
191, 194, 415; sacks various Milanese
castelli, 417 sq. ; alliance with Venice,
Genoa, and Pisa, 418; conference with the
Pope's ambassadors at San Quirico, 418 sq. ;
acts as Hadrian IV's squire, 419 sq. ; his
imperial coronation, 421; conflict with the
Romans, 420 sq. ; returns to Germany, 422;
negotiations with Byzantium, 191, 193,
196, 422; estrangement from Hadrian IV,
109, 424; quarrel over beneficia, xii, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; Italian campaign (1158), 426 sqq. ;
diet of Roncaglia, xx, 117 note, 427; re-
newed dispute with Hadrian, 429 sq. ; his
attitude towards Victor IV and Alexander
III, 431 sq. ; his capture and destruction of
Milan, 434 sq. ; forms alliance with Pavia
and Genoa, 435; failure of negotiations
with Louis VII, 436; renewed difficulties
in Italy, 437 sqq. ; his third expedition to
Italy, 437 sq. ; fourth expedition to Italy,
439 sqq. ; holds diet at Lodi, 439 sq. ; be-
sieges Rome, 441; destruction of his army
by pestilence, 442; leaves Italy, ib. ; affairs
in Germany (1168), 443; failure of nego-
tiations with Alexander III, 444; fifth
expedition to Italy, 444 $99. ; and battle of
Legnano, 446 sq. ; makes treaties of Anagni
and Venice, 447 sqq. ; makes Peace of Con.
stance with Lombards, 452; holds festival
## p. 966 (#1012) ###########################################
966
Index
at Mayence, 452; and Lucius III, 408, 453,
455 sqq. ; and Urban III, 408 sq. , 457 sq. ,
475; and Gregory VIII, 409, 458 sq. ; and
Clement III, 409, 459 sq. ; and the Third
Crusade, 310, 374, 409 sqq. , 459; his
death, 310, 412; 109, 138 note, 153 sq. ,
454, 467, 477
Frederick II, Western Emperor, birth of, 457,
472; elected king, 478; his renunciation of
imperial rights at ecclesiastical elections,
109; marries Yolande, daughter of John de
Brienne, 314; becomes King of Jerusalem,
ib. ; his crusade, ib. ; weakness of his rule
in Syria, 315 sq. ; 412, 476 sq.
Frederick, archbishop of Cologne, revolts
against Henry V, 159 sqq. ; 103, 335
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, made duke, 140; governs Germany
in Henry IV's absence, 121 note, 146; his
claims to duchy confirmed, 148; death of,
150, 154 ; 147, 153
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, 153 sq. ; aids Henry V, 160;
governs Germany in Henry's absence,
161; his fame as a castle builder, 164
note; named by Henry V as his successor,
165; passed over at Mayence in favour of
Lothar, 165 sq. , 334 sqq. ; breach with
Lothar, 336, 338 sq. , 361 sq. ; anathe-
matised by Innocent II, 363; forced to sub-
mit to Lothar III, 340 sq. , 366; estranged
from Conrad III, 350; death of, 351; 381,
387, 404 note
Frederick IV of Rothenburg, duke of
Swabia, younger son of Conrad III, 379,
381; made duke, 384; supports Hugh of
Tübingen against Welf VI, 388; death of,
442; 387
Frederick V, duke of Swabia, son of
Frederick Barbarossa, knighted, 407; takes
the Cross, 410; dies, 472
Frederick, duke of Upper Lorraine, father of
Beatrice of Tuscany, 23
Frederick, duke of Bohemia, 389
Frederick, count-palatine of Saxony, leads
Saxons against Albert the Bear, 348
Frederick, count of Stade, unjustly im.
prisoned by Lothar of Saxony, 157
Frederick of Bogen, advocatus of Ratisbon,
his rebellion against Henry the Proud,
339 sq. ; supports Henry Jasomirgott
against the bishop of Ratisbon, 352
Freeman, E. A. , on battle of Hastings, 501
note
Fresnay, 517
Fressenda, second wife of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170
Fréteval, Henry II and Becket reconciled at,
Fruttuaria, monastery of, 22
Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, 3; and schools,
778
Fulbert, a tanner, grandfather of William
the Conqueror, 492
Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler, his report
of Urban II's speech at Clermont, 265;
305
Fulcher of Orleans, dubious identification
of, with Volkmar, 276
Fulda, abbey, 340, 661; peace of Henry VI
with Henry the Lion at, 460
Fulford, defeat of earls Edwin and Morkere
at, 499
Fulgentius Ferrandus, his arrangement of
canons, 709
Fulgorius, Raphael, the jurist, 740
Fulham, 507
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 491; founds
a nunnery at Ronceray, 671
Fulk le Rechin, count of Anjou, and
William I, 517; opposes William II,
527; his influence in Maine, 529
Fulk V, count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem,
marries daughter of Baldwin II, 305;
succeeds to throne of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry I, 539 sq.
Furness, monastery, 541, 684
Gaeta, duke of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; beginnings of commune at,
216
Galen, translated by William of Moerbeke,
814
Galeria, 36; count of, see Gerard
Galilee, principality of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 302
Galliate, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Gallipoli, 411
Gallipoli, in Apulia, 173
Galluccio, 187
Gardie, 653
Garigliano, river, Innocent II defeated on,
187
Garlande, family of, and Louis VII, 620 sq.
Garlande, Anseau of, 595, 620
Garlande, Gilbert of, 620 sq.
Garlande, Païen of, 620
Garlande, Stephen of, 620 sq.
Garlande, William of, 620
Garonne, river, 616
Gascony, communes in, 627, 634
Gaudri, bishop of Laon, and Thomas of
Marle, 595
Gautier, archdeacon of Laon, 595
Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg, given
power to create new bishops in his diocese,
46; hostile to Henry IV, 139; death of,
145
Gebhard, bishop of Constance, papal legate
in Germany, elected bishop, 142; creates
strong papal party in South Germany,
91 sq. , 139, 143; proclaimed spiritual head
of Swabia, at assembly at Ulm, 147; sup-
563 sq.
Frisians, expedition of Henry V against,
159; join Baldwin at Tarsus, 288; colonise
Slav lands, 399; 354
Fritzlar, Henry V begins his revolt at, 149
Frosinone, 416
## p. 967 (#1013) ###########################################
Index
967
ports revolt of Henry V, 150; consecrates
bishops appointed by Henry V, 98, 100;
censured by Paschal II, 101
Gebhard, bishop of Eichstädt, see Victor II,
Pope
Gebhard, name assumed by Jaromir, bishop
of Prague, 4
Gebhard, count of Supplinburg, father of
Lothar III, 334 sq.
Gelasius I, Pope, and presentation to bene-
fices, 7 sq. ; Gelasian theory, 56 sq. , 67
Gelasius II, Pope (John of Gaeta), 105;
excommunicates Henry V, 105, 161; death
of, 105, 666; 680
Gelnhausen, diet of (1180), 404 sq. ; diet at
(1186), 409, 458
Genoa, customs confirmed by Berengar II,
213 sq. ; consuls at, 220 sqq. ; geographical
position of, 229; wars with Muslims, 226,
266 sq. ; rivalry with Pisa, 226 sq. , 311,
316 sq. , 438; rivalry with Venice, 227, 316
sq. ; aids Baldwin I, 304 sq. , 329; develop-
ment of commerce of, during crusades, 312,
328 sqq. ; supports Innocent II, 366; opposes
Frederick I, 428; allies with Alexander
III, 435, 443 sg. ; alliance of William II
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
Genoese, at Antioch, receive charter from
Bohemond, 295 note; ships at Jaffa, 295
sqq.
Gentile, bishop of Girgenti, one of Council
of Ten in Sicily, 197
Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, 504; his
baronies, 511; rebels against William II,
521 sq.
Geoffrey, bishop-elect of Lincoln, illegiti.
mate son of Henry II, 568, 570, 572;
resigns, 579; chancellor, ib.
Geoffrey, abbot of Vendôme, visits Urban II
at Rome, 91
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of King
Henry II, revolt of, 567; his death, 572
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, and
William I, 494 sq. ; death of, 495
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou,
marries Matilda, 540, 604; makes a truce
with Stephen, 542; invited to Caen by
Robert of Gloucester, 545; conquers
Normandy, 550, 607; Louis VII and, 605;
later relations with Louis, 608 sqq.
