254,
Coruncanius
was created pon-
blain by Heracles.
blain by Heracles.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
) For the connexion of Crete with Thera,
Cornutus also belonged, as we see from the fifth and of Samos with Cyrene, see Herod. iv. 154,
satire of Persius. That he was a man of very ex-
162-164.
[E. E. )
tensive knowledge is attested by the authority of COROEBUS (Kópoulos), a Phrygian, a son of
Dion Cassius, as well as by the works he wrote. Mygdon, was one of the heroes that fought in the
One of the most important of the philosophical Trojan war on the side of the Trojans. He was
productions of Cornutus was his work on Aristotle's one of the suitors of Cassandra, and was slain by
Categories, which is referred to by the later com- Neoptolemus or Diomedes. (Paus. ix. 27. $ 1;
mentators, Simplicius and Porphyrius (Schol | Virg. Aen. ii. 341. ),
(L. S. ]
Aristot. p. 48, b. 13, p. 80, a. 22, ed. Brandis ; COROEBUS (Kópoibos), an Elean, who gained
Simplic. fol. 5, a. , ed. Basil. ) He seems to have a victory in the stadium at the Olympian games in
been very partial to the study of Aristotle, for he Ol 1. (B. c. 776. ) According to tradition, he slew
wrote a work against Athenodorus, an opponent of the daemon Poene, whom Apollo had sent into the
the Aristotelian philosophy, which, according to country of the Argives. He was represented on
Bake's emendation, bore the title 'Artıypa on tods his tomb in the act of killing Poene, and his sta-
'Aonvówpov. (Simplic. p. 47, b. 22, ed. Brandis; tue, which was made of stone, was one of the most
Porphyr. Expos. Arist. Categ. p. 21, ed. Paris; ancient that Pausanias saw in the whole of Greece.
Simplic. fol. 15, b. ) He also wrote a philosophical (Paus. i. 43. & 7, 44. § 1, v. 8. $ 3, viii. 26. & 2;
work, entitled 'Exinui Ocoloría, which is pro Strab. viii. p. 355. )
(L. S. ]
bably still extant, and the same as the much muti- COROEBUS, architect at the time of Peri-
lated treatise Tepl oñs Twv Occm súrews, edited cles, who began the temple of Demeter at Eleusis,
by Gale in his “ Opusc. Mythol. Phys. Eth. ” p. but died before he had completed his task. (Plut.
139. (Ritter, Gesch. d. Philos. iv. p. 202. ) Others, Perid. 13. )
(L. U. )
however, consider this treatise as a mere abridg- CORO'NA, SILI'CIUS, a senator, who voted
ment of the original work of Cornutus. The other for the acquittal of Brutus and Cassius, when 0c-
philosophical productions of Cornutus, which were tavianus called upon the court to condemn the
very numerous, are completely lost, and not even murderers of Caesar. The life of Silicius was
their titles have come down to us. He also wrote spared at the time, but he was afterwards included
on rhetorical and grammatical subjects. Thus he in the proscription, and perished in B. C. 43. Plu-
made, for example, a commentary on all Virgil's tarch calls him P. Silicius, and Appian Icilius.
poems, which he dedicated to the poet Silius (Dion Cass. xlvi. 49; Plut. Brut. 27; Appian, B.
Italicus. (Suringar, Hist. Crit. Scholiast. Lat. ii. C. iv. 27. )
p. 116, &c. ) According to the fashion of the time, CORONA'TUS, styled in MSS. Vir Clarissi-
he also tried his hand in tragedy, in conjunction mus, the author of three pieces in the Latin An-
with his friend Seneca and his pupils Lucan and thology (ed. Burm. i. 176, v. 155, 157, or Nus.
Persius (Welcker, Griech. Trag. iii. p. 1456, &c. ); 549—55), ed. Meyer). The first, consisting
and he is even said to have made atteinpts at of twenty-nine hexameters, is a poetical amplificir-
## p. 860 (#880) ############################################
860
CORUNCANIUS.
CORUNCANIUS.
tion, possessing no particular merit, of the Virgilian ! le returned towards Rome to nid Laevinus in
line " Vivo equidem, viuamque extrema per omnia checking the advance of Pyrrhus. (Appian, Suinn,
duco;" the second and third are short epigrams, 10. § 3. ). In B. t. 270, he seems to have been
ingeniously expressed, upon hens fattened with censor with C. Claudius Canina. Modern writers
their own eges.
We possess no information with appear to be ignorant of any ancient historical ac-
regard to this writer, but he probably belongs to a count of this censorship. In l'Art de vérifier les
late period.
(W. R. ] Dates, i. p. 605, Coruncanius is inferred to have
CORO'NIS (Kopwris). 1. A daughter of been censor in the 34th lustrum, from the expres-
Phiegvas and mother of Asclepius. (0v. Fast. i. sions of Velleius Paterculus (ii. 128), and a Clau-
291, Schol. aud Pind. Pyth. iii. 14, 48, 59; comp. dius is wanting to complete the seven censors in
ASCLEPIOS. )
that family mentioned by Suetonius. (Tibr. 1. )
2. A daughter of Phoroneus, king of Phocis : Seneca (de Vit. Beat. 21) says, that Cato of Utica
she was metamorphosed by Athena into a crow, was wont to praise the age of M'. Curius and
for when she was pursued by Poseidon, she im- Coruncanius, when it was a censorian crime to
plored the protection of Athena. (Ov. Met. ii. possess a few thin plates of silver. Niebuhr (iii.
550, &c. ) A third Coronis is mentioned among p. 555) speaks of this censorship as missing; but,
the Hyades. (Hygin. Fab. 182. ) [L. . S. ] through it is not mentioned by the epitomizer of
CORO'NUS (Kopwvós). 1. A son of Apollo Livy, we suspect that there is some classical au-
by Chrysorthe, father of Corax and Lamedon, and thority extant concerning it, known to less modern
king of Sicyon. (Paus. ij. 5. $ 5. )
scholars, for Panciroli (de Clar. Interp. p. 21) says,
2. A son of Thersander, grandson of Sisyphus, thai Coruncanius was censor with c. Claudius ;
and founder of Coroneia. (Paus. ix. 34. & 5; and Val. Forsterus (Historia Juris, fol. 41, b. )
Müller, Orchom. p. 133, &c. )
states, that in his censorship the population in-
3. A son of Caeneus, was a prince of the Lapi- cluded in the census amounted to 277,222.
thae, and father of Leonteus and Lyside. He was About B. C.
254, Coruncanius was created pon-
blain by Heracles. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 7; Müller, tifex maximus, and was the first plebeian who
Orchom. pp. 194, 203. )
ever filled that office (Liv. Epist. xviii. ), although,
4. The father of the Argonaut Caeneus. (Apol before that time, his brother jurist, P. Sempronius
lod. i. 9. $ 16; comp. Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. Sophus, and other plebeians, had been pontifices.
i. 57. )
(L. S. ] (Liv. x. 9. ) In B. C. 246, he was appointed dictator
CORREUS, a Gaul, chief of the Bellovaci, was for the purpose of holding the comitia, in order to
distinguished by a high spirit of independence and prevent the necessity of recalling either of the con-
an inveterate hatred of the Romans, and was ac- suls from Sicily; and he must have died shortly
cordingly acknowledged as their commander by afterwards, at a very advanced age (Cic. de Senect.
all the tribes which, together with the Bellovaci
, 6), for, in Liv. Epit. xix. , Caecilius Metellus is
made war against Caesar in B. c. 51. Correus, named as pontifex maximus.
conducted the campaign with much ability, and, Coruncanius was a remarkable man. He lived
when he at length met with a decisive defeat, dis- on terms of strict friendship with M'. Curius and
dained to surrender himself, and fell fighting des- other eminent statesmen of his day. He was a
perately. (Hirt. B. G. viii. 5–17. ) [E. E. ] Roman sage (Sapiens), a character more practical
CORVINUS, a cognomen in the Valeria gens, than that of a Grecian philosopher, but he was
and merely a longer form of Corvus, the surname sufficiently versed in the learning of the times.
of M. Valerius. Many writers give Corvinus as That philosophy which placed the highest good in
the surname of M. Valerius himself
, and his des- pleasure he rejected, and, with M'. Curius, wished
cendants seem to have invariably adopted the form that the enemies of Rome, Pyrrhus and the Sam-
Corvinus. (See Corvus. ] The Messallae Corvini nites, could be taught to believe its precepts. He
of the Valeria gens are given under MESSALLA. was a manly orator; his advice and opinion were
CORVI'NUS, TAURUS STATI'LIUS, con respected in war as well as in peace, and he had
sul in A. D. 45 with M. Vinucius. (Dion Cass, lx. great influence in the senate as well as in the pub-
25; Phlegon, Mirabil. 6. ) He is probably the lic assembly. (Cic. de Orai. iii. Cicero, who
as the Statilius Corvinus who conspired often sounds his praises, speaks of him as one of
against the emperor Claudius. (Suet. Claud. 13. ) those extraordinary persons whose greatness was
TI. CORUNCA'NIUS, a distinguished Roman owing to a special Providence. (De Nat. Deor. ii.
pontiff and jurist, was descended from a father | 66. ) To the highest acquirements of a politician
and a grandfather of the same name, but none of he united profound knowledge of pontifical and
his ancestors had ever obtained the honours of the civil law.
Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. § 38)
Roman magistracy. According to a speech of the says, that he left behind no writings, but that he
emperor Claudius in Tacitus, the Coruncanii came gave many cral opinions, which were handed down
from Camerium (Ann. xi. 24); but Cicero makes to remembrance by legal tradition. Cicero says,
the jurist a townsman of Tusculum ( pro Planc. 8). that the Pontificum Commentarii afforded proof of
Notwithstanding his provincial extraction, this his surpassing abilities (Brut. 14); and, in the trea-
novus homo was promoted to all the highest offices tise de Legibus (ii. 21), he cites one of his memo-
at Rome. (Vell. Pat. ii. 128. ) In B. c. 280, he rabilia. Another of his legal fragments is preserved
was consul with P. Valerius Laevinus, and while by Pliny. (H. N. viii. 51. s. 77. ) It might be
his colleague was engaged in the commencement of supposed from a passage in Seneca (Ep. 114), that
the war against Pyrrhus, the province of Etruria writings of Coruncanius were extant in his time,
fell to Coruncanius, who was successful in quell- for he there ridicules the affectation of orators,
ing the remains of disaffection, and entirely de- who, thinking Gracchus and Crassus and Curio
feated the Vuisinienses and Vulcientes. For these too modern, went back to the language of the 12
victories he was honoured with a triumph early Tables, of Appius, and of Coruncanius.
in the following year. After subduing Etruria, There is a passage relating to Coruncanius in
same
3
## p. 861 (#881) ############################################
CORVUS.
861
CORVUS.
He says
66
assumncs
He
Pomponing (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 8. & 35), which has exploit in this war, from which he obtained the
given occasion to much controversy.
surname of “ Corrus," or Raven," is, like many
that Conincanius was the first who publicly pro- other of the achievements of the early Roman he-
fessed law, since, before his time, jurists en- roes, mingled with fable. A Gallic warrior of
denvoured to conceal the jus civile, and gave their gigantic size challenged to single combat any one
time, not to students, but to those who wanted of the Romans. It was accepted by Valerius after
their advice. The statement as to the early con- obtaining the consent of the consul, and as he was
ccnlment of the law has been supposed to be commencing the combat, a raven settled upon his
fabulous (Puchta, Institutionen, i. p. 301); but helmet, and, as often as he attiuked the Gaul, the
here it is proper to distinguish between the rules maven flew at the face of the foc, till at length the
applicable to ordinary dealings on the one hand, barbarian fell by the sword of Valerius. A general
and the technical regulations of the calendar, of battle then ensued, in which the Gauls were en-
procedure and of religious rites, on the other. tirely defeated. The consul presented Valerius
Schrader (in Hugo's Civil
. Mag. v. p. 187) as with ten oxen and a golden crown, and the grate-
that it was usual for jurists before Coruncanius to ſul people elected him, in his absence, consul for
admit patrician students—those at least who were the next year, though he was only twenty-three
destined for the college of pontiffs—to learn law years of age. He was consul in B. C. 348 with
by being present at their consultations with their L. Popillius Laenas. There was peace in that
clients. He further thinks that Coruncanius did year both at home and abroad : a treaty was made
not profess to give any systematic or peculiar in- with Carthage. (Liv. vii. 26, 27; Gell. ix. Il ;
struction the theory of law, and certainly there Val. Max. viii. 15. $ 5; Eutrop. ii. 6. )
are passages which prove that such theoretic in- In B. c. 346 Corvus was consul a second time
struction was not common in the time of Cicero. with C. Poetelius Libo. He carried on war against
(Cic. Brut. 89, de Amic. 1, de Leg. i. 4, de Off. ii. the Volsci, defeated them in battle, and then took
13. ) Schrader therefore comes to the conclusion, Satricum, which he burnt to the ground with the
thai Coruncanjus first publicly professed law only exception of the temple of Mater Matuta.
in this sense, that he was the first to allow ple- obtained a triumph on his return to Rome. (Liv.
beiuns and patricians indiscriminately to learn law vii. 27; Censorin. de Die Nat. 17. )
by attending his consultations. This interpreta- In E. c. 343 Corvus was consul a third time
tion, though it is ingenious, and has found favour with A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina. Young as he
with Hugo (R. R. &. p. 460) and Zimmern (R. was, Corvus was already regarded as one of the
R. G. i. Š 53), appears to us to be very strained, very first generals of the republic, and the state
and we think Pomponius must have meant to con- therefore looked up to him to conduct the war
vey, whether rightly or wrongly, first, that before against the Samnites, which had broken out in
Corunca nius, it was not usual for jurists to take this year. His popularity with the soldiers was
pupils ; and, secondly, that the pupils of Corunca- as great as his military talents, and he consequently
nius were not left to gain knowledge merely by possessed unbounded influence over his troops. He
Beeing business transacted and hearing or reading was distinguished by a kind and amiable disposi-
the opinions given by their master to those who tion, like the other members of his house; and in
consulted him, but that they received special in the camp he was in the habit of competing with
struction in the general doctrines of law.
the common soldiers in the athletic games which
The two Coruncanii who were sent B. c. 228 as amused their leisure hours. It was fortunate for
ambassadors from Rome to Teuta, queen of Illy- the Romans that they had such a general in the
ricum, to coniplain of the maritime depredations of great struggle they were now entering upon. After
her subjects, and one of whom at least was put to a hard-fought and most bloody battle, Corvus en-
death by her orders, were probably the sons of the tirely defeated the Samnites on mount Gaurus
jurist. (Appian, de Rebus Myr. 7; Polyb. ii. 8 ; above Cumae : a battle which, as Niebuhr remarks,
Plin. H.
Cornutus also belonged, as we see from the fifth and of Samos with Cyrene, see Herod. iv. 154,
satire of Persius. That he was a man of very ex-
162-164.
[E. E. )
tensive knowledge is attested by the authority of COROEBUS (Kópoulos), a Phrygian, a son of
Dion Cassius, as well as by the works he wrote. Mygdon, was one of the heroes that fought in the
One of the most important of the philosophical Trojan war on the side of the Trojans. He was
productions of Cornutus was his work on Aristotle's one of the suitors of Cassandra, and was slain by
Categories, which is referred to by the later com- Neoptolemus or Diomedes. (Paus. ix. 27. $ 1;
mentators, Simplicius and Porphyrius (Schol | Virg. Aen. ii. 341. ),
(L. S. ]
Aristot. p. 48, b. 13, p. 80, a. 22, ed. Brandis ; COROEBUS (Kópoibos), an Elean, who gained
Simplic. fol. 5, a. , ed. Basil. ) He seems to have a victory in the stadium at the Olympian games in
been very partial to the study of Aristotle, for he Ol 1. (B. c. 776. ) According to tradition, he slew
wrote a work against Athenodorus, an opponent of the daemon Poene, whom Apollo had sent into the
the Aristotelian philosophy, which, according to country of the Argives. He was represented on
Bake's emendation, bore the title 'Artıypa on tods his tomb in the act of killing Poene, and his sta-
'Aonvówpov. (Simplic. p. 47, b. 22, ed. Brandis; tue, which was made of stone, was one of the most
Porphyr. Expos. Arist. Categ. p. 21, ed. Paris; ancient that Pausanias saw in the whole of Greece.
Simplic. fol. 15, b. ) He also wrote a philosophical (Paus. i. 43. & 7, 44. § 1, v. 8. $ 3, viii. 26. & 2;
work, entitled 'Exinui Ocoloría, which is pro Strab. viii. p. 355. )
(L. S. ]
bably still extant, and the same as the much muti- COROEBUS, architect at the time of Peri-
lated treatise Tepl oñs Twv Occm súrews, edited cles, who began the temple of Demeter at Eleusis,
by Gale in his “ Opusc. Mythol. Phys. Eth. ” p. but died before he had completed his task. (Plut.
139. (Ritter, Gesch. d. Philos. iv. p. 202. ) Others, Perid. 13. )
(L. U. )
however, consider this treatise as a mere abridg- CORO'NA, SILI'CIUS, a senator, who voted
ment of the original work of Cornutus. The other for the acquittal of Brutus and Cassius, when 0c-
philosophical productions of Cornutus, which were tavianus called upon the court to condemn the
very numerous, are completely lost, and not even murderers of Caesar. The life of Silicius was
their titles have come down to us. He also wrote spared at the time, but he was afterwards included
on rhetorical and grammatical subjects. Thus he in the proscription, and perished in B. C. 43. Plu-
made, for example, a commentary on all Virgil's tarch calls him P. Silicius, and Appian Icilius.
poems, which he dedicated to the poet Silius (Dion Cass. xlvi. 49; Plut. Brut. 27; Appian, B.
Italicus. (Suringar, Hist. Crit. Scholiast. Lat. ii. C. iv. 27. )
p. 116, &c. ) According to the fashion of the time, CORONA'TUS, styled in MSS. Vir Clarissi-
he also tried his hand in tragedy, in conjunction mus, the author of three pieces in the Latin An-
with his friend Seneca and his pupils Lucan and thology (ed. Burm. i. 176, v. 155, 157, or Nus.
Persius (Welcker, Griech. Trag. iii. p. 1456, &c. ); 549—55), ed. Meyer). The first, consisting
and he is even said to have made atteinpts at of twenty-nine hexameters, is a poetical amplificir-
## p. 860 (#880) ############################################
860
CORUNCANIUS.
CORUNCANIUS.
tion, possessing no particular merit, of the Virgilian ! le returned towards Rome to nid Laevinus in
line " Vivo equidem, viuamque extrema per omnia checking the advance of Pyrrhus. (Appian, Suinn,
duco;" the second and third are short epigrams, 10. § 3. ). In B. t. 270, he seems to have been
ingeniously expressed, upon hens fattened with censor with C. Claudius Canina. Modern writers
their own eges.
We possess no information with appear to be ignorant of any ancient historical ac-
regard to this writer, but he probably belongs to a count of this censorship. In l'Art de vérifier les
late period.
(W. R. ] Dates, i. p. 605, Coruncanius is inferred to have
CORO'NIS (Kopwris). 1. A daughter of been censor in the 34th lustrum, from the expres-
Phiegvas and mother of Asclepius. (0v. Fast. i. sions of Velleius Paterculus (ii. 128), and a Clau-
291, Schol. aud Pind. Pyth. iii. 14, 48, 59; comp. dius is wanting to complete the seven censors in
ASCLEPIOS. )
that family mentioned by Suetonius. (Tibr. 1. )
2. A daughter of Phoroneus, king of Phocis : Seneca (de Vit. Beat. 21) says, that Cato of Utica
she was metamorphosed by Athena into a crow, was wont to praise the age of M'. Curius and
for when she was pursued by Poseidon, she im- Coruncanius, when it was a censorian crime to
plored the protection of Athena. (Ov. Met. ii. possess a few thin plates of silver. Niebuhr (iii.
550, &c. ) A third Coronis is mentioned among p. 555) speaks of this censorship as missing; but,
the Hyades. (Hygin. Fab. 182. ) [L. . S. ] through it is not mentioned by the epitomizer of
CORO'NUS (Kopwvós). 1. A son of Apollo Livy, we suspect that there is some classical au-
by Chrysorthe, father of Corax and Lamedon, and thority extant concerning it, known to less modern
king of Sicyon. (Paus. ij. 5. $ 5. )
scholars, for Panciroli (de Clar. Interp. p. 21) says,
2. A son of Thersander, grandson of Sisyphus, thai Coruncanius was censor with c. Claudius ;
and founder of Coroneia. (Paus. ix. 34. & 5; and Val. Forsterus (Historia Juris, fol. 41, b. )
Müller, Orchom. p. 133, &c. )
states, that in his censorship the population in-
3. A son of Caeneus, was a prince of the Lapi- cluded in the census amounted to 277,222.
thae, and father of Leonteus and Lyside. He was About B. C.
254, Coruncanius was created pon-
blain by Heracles. (Apollod. ii. 7. $ 7; Müller, tifex maximus, and was the first plebeian who
Orchom. pp. 194, 203. )
ever filled that office (Liv. Epist. xviii. ), although,
4. The father of the Argonaut Caeneus. (Apol before that time, his brother jurist, P. Sempronius
lod. i. 9. $ 16; comp. Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. Sophus, and other plebeians, had been pontifices.
i. 57. )
(L. S. ] (Liv. x. 9. ) In B. C. 246, he was appointed dictator
CORREUS, a Gaul, chief of the Bellovaci, was for the purpose of holding the comitia, in order to
distinguished by a high spirit of independence and prevent the necessity of recalling either of the con-
an inveterate hatred of the Romans, and was ac- suls from Sicily; and he must have died shortly
cordingly acknowledged as their commander by afterwards, at a very advanced age (Cic. de Senect.
all the tribes which, together with the Bellovaci
, 6), for, in Liv. Epit. xix. , Caecilius Metellus is
made war against Caesar in B. c. 51. Correus, named as pontifex maximus.
conducted the campaign with much ability, and, Coruncanius was a remarkable man. He lived
when he at length met with a decisive defeat, dis- on terms of strict friendship with M'. Curius and
dained to surrender himself, and fell fighting des- other eminent statesmen of his day. He was a
perately. (Hirt. B. G. viii. 5–17. ) [E. E. ] Roman sage (Sapiens), a character more practical
CORVINUS, a cognomen in the Valeria gens, than that of a Grecian philosopher, but he was
and merely a longer form of Corvus, the surname sufficiently versed in the learning of the times.
of M. Valerius. Many writers give Corvinus as That philosophy which placed the highest good in
the surname of M. Valerius himself
, and his des- pleasure he rejected, and, with M'. Curius, wished
cendants seem to have invariably adopted the form that the enemies of Rome, Pyrrhus and the Sam-
Corvinus. (See Corvus. ] The Messallae Corvini nites, could be taught to believe its precepts. He
of the Valeria gens are given under MESSALLA. was a manly orator; his advice and opinion were
CORVI'NUS, TAURUS STATI'LIUS, con respected in war as well as in peace, and he had
sul in A. D. 45 with M. Vinucius. (Dion Cass, lx. great influence in the senate as well as in the pub-
25; Phlegon, Mirabil. 6. ) He is probably the lic assembly. (Cic. de Orai. iii. Cicero, who
as the Statilius Corvinus who conspired often sounds his praises, speaks of him as one of
against the emperor Claudius. (Suet. Claud. 13. ) those extraordinary persons whose greatness was
TI. CORUNCA'NIUS, a distinguished Roman owing to a special Providence. (De Nat. Deor. ii.
pontiff and jurist, was descended from a father | 66. ) To the highest acquirements of a politician
and a grandfather of the same name, but none of he united profound knowledge of pontifical and
his ancestors had ever obtained the honours of the civil law.
Pomponius (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. § 38)
Roman magistracy. According to a speech of the says, that he left behind no writings, but that he
emperor Claudius in Tacitus, the Coruncanii came gave many cral opinions, which were handed down
from Camerium (Ann. xi. 24); but Cicero makes to remembrance by legal tradition. Cicero says,
the jurist a townsman of Tusculum ( pro Planc. 8). that the Pontificum Commentarii afforded proof of
Notwithstanding his provincial extraction, this his surpassing abilities (Brut. 14); and, in the trea-
novus homo was promoted to all the highest offices tise de Legibus (ii. 21), he cites one of his memo-
at Rome. (Vell. Pat. ii. 128. ) In B. c. 280, he rabilia. Another of his legal fragments is preserved
was consul with P. Valerius Laevinus, and while by Pliny. (H. N. viii. 51. s. 77. ) It might be
his colleague was engaged in the commencement of supposed from a passage in Seneca (Ep. 114), that
the war against Pyrrhus, the province of Etruria writings of Coruncanius were extant in his time,
fell to Coruncanius, who was successful in quell- for he there ridicules the affectation of orators,
ing the remains of disaffection, and entirely de- who, thinking Gracchus and Crassus and Curio
feated the Vuisinienses and Vulcientes. For these too modern, went back to the language of the 12
victories he was honoured with a triumph early Tables, of Appius, and of Coruncanius.
in the following year. After subduing Etruria, There is a passage relating to Coruncanius in
same
3
## p. 861 (#881) ############################################
CORVUS.
861
CORVUS.
He says
66
assumncs
He
Pomponing (Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 8. & 35), which has exploit in this war, from which he obtained the
given occasion to much controversy.
surname of “ Corrus," or Raven," is, like many
that Conincanius was the first who publicly pro- other of the achievements of the early Roman he-
fessed law, since, before his time, jurists en- roes, mingled with fable. A Gallic warrior of
denvoured to conceal the jus civile, and gave their gigantic size challenged to single combat any one
time, not to students, but to those who wanted of the Romans. It was accepted by Valerius after
their advice. The statement as to the early con- obtaining the consent of the consul, and as he was
ccnlment of the law has been supposed to be commencing the combat, a raven settled upon his
fabulous (Puchta, Institutionen, i. p. 301); but helmet, and, as often as he attiuked the Gaul, the
here it is proper to distinguish between the rules maven flew at the face of the foc, till at length the
applicable to ordinary dealings on the one hand, barbarian fell by the sword of Valerius. A general
and the technical regulations of the calendar, of battle then ensued, in which the Gauls were en-
procedure and of religious rites, on the other. tirely defeated. The consul presented Valerius
Schrader (in Hugo's Civil
. Mag. v. p. 187) as with ten oxen and a golden crown, and the grate-
that it was usual for jurists before Coruncanius to ſul people elected him, in his absence, consul for
admit patrician students—those at least who were the next year, though he was only twenty-three
destined for the college of pontiffs—to learn law years of age. He was consul in B. C. 348 with
by being present at their consultations with their L. Popillius Laenas. There was peace in that
clients. He further thinks that Coruncanius did year both at home and abroad : a treaty was made
not profess to give any systematic or peculiar in- with Carthage. (Liv. vii. 26, 27; Gell. ix. Il ;
struction the theory of law, and certainly there Val. Max. viii. 15. $ 5; Eutrop. ii. 6. )
are passages which prove that such theoretic in- In B. c. 346 Corvus was consul a second time
struction was not common in the time of Cicero. with C. Poetelius Libo. He carried on war against
(Cic. Brut. 89, de Amic. 1, de Leg. i. 4, de Off. ii. the Volsci, defeated them in battle, and then took
13. ) Schrader therefore comes to the conclusion, Satricum, which he burnt to the ground with the
thai Coruncanjus first publicly professed law only exception of the temple of Mater Matuta.
in this sense, that he was the first to allow ple- obtained a triumph on his return to Rome. (Liv.
beiuns and patricians indiscriminately to learn law vii. 27; Censorin. de Die Nat. 17. )
by attending his consultations. This interpreta- In E. c. 343 Corvus was consul a third time
tion, though it is ingenious, and has found favour with A. Cornelius Cossus Arvina. Young as he
with Hugo (R. R. &. p. 460) and Zimmern (R. was, Corvus was already regarded as one of the
R. G. i. Š 53), appears to us to be very strained, very first generals of the republic, and the state
and we think Pomponius must have meant to con- therefore looked up to him to conduct the war
vey, whether rightly or wrongly, first, that before against the Samnites, which had broken out in
Corunca nius, it was not usual for jurists to take this year. His popularity with the soldiers was
pupils ; and, secondly, that the pupils of Corunca- as great as his military talents, and he consequently
nius were not left to gain knowledge merely by possessed unbounded influence over his troops. He
Beeing business transacted and hearing or reading was distinguished by a kind and amiable disposi-
the opinions given by their master to those who tion, like the other members of his house; and in
consulted him, but that they received special in the camp he was in the habit of competing with
struction in the general doctrines of law.
the common soldiers in the athletic games which
The two Coruncanii who were sent B. c. 228 as amused their leisure hours. It was fortunate for
ambassadors from Rome to Teuta, queen of Illy- the Romans that they had such a general in the
ricum, to coniplain of the maritime depredations of great struggle they were now entering upon. After
her subjects, and one of whom at least was put to a hard-fought and most bloody battle, Corvus en-
death by her orders, were probably the sons of the tirely defeated the Samnites on mount Gaurus
jurist. (Appian, de Rebus Myr. 7; Polyb. ii. 8 ; above Cumae : a battle which, as Niebuhr remarks,
Plin. H.
