; his personality compared with Plato's, 685 (104);
doctrine
of matter, 144 of Being or essence, 130 f.
Windelband - History of Philosophy
of the "Jubilee Edition" of his Geschichte der neueren Philosophic, and has progressed in its brilliant exposition so far as to include the Logic.
P. 572. To the notice of Schleiermacher, add : —
Schlelermacher's kindly nature, which was particularly skilful in fine and delicate adjustments, is developed especially in the attempt to harmonise the aesthetic and philosophical culture of his time with the religious consciousness.
With delicate hand he wove connecting threads between the two, and removed in the sphere of feeling the opposition which prevailed between the respective theories and conceptions. Cf. I>. Schenkel, Sch. , Elberfeld, 1868 ; W. Diltbey, Lehcn Schl. 's, Bd. I. Berlin, 1870 ; A. Kitsch), Sch. 's Reden ub. d. Rel. , Bonn, 1876 ; F. Bachmann, Die Entwicklung der Elhik Schl. 's, Leips. 1892. [Eng. tr. of the On Religion, by Oman (Lond. 1893). J
P. 572. To the notice of Herbart, add : —
Herbarl's philosophical activity was conspicuous for its keenness in concept ual thought and for its polemic energy. Whatever he lacked in wealth of per ceptual material and in aesthetic mobility was made up by an earnest disposition and a lofty, calm, and clear conception of life. His rigorously scientific manner made him for a long time a successful opponent of the dialectical tendency in philosophy.
P. 573. Line 4. To the notice of Schopenhauer, add : —
Of the recent editions of his works the most carefully edited is that of E. Grisebach. Schopenhauer's peculiar, contradictory personality and also his teaching have been most deeply apprehended by Kuno Fischer (9th vol. of the Geseh. d. neueren Phllos. , 2d ed. , 1898).
His capriciously passionate character was joined with a genius and freedom of intellectuality which enabled him to survey and comprise within one view a great wealth of learning and information, and at the same time to present with artistic completeness the view of the world and of life which he had thus found. As one of the greatest philosophical writers, Schopenhauer has exercised the strongest influence through his skill in formulation and his language, which is free from all the pedantry of learning, and appeals to the cultivated mind with brilliant suggestiveness. If be deceived himself as to his historical position in the Post-Kantian philosophy, and thereby brought himself into an almost pathological solitariness, be has nevertheless given to many fundamental thoughts of this whole development their most fortunate and effective form. Cf. W. Wallace, Sch. (London, 1891), R. Lehmann, Sch. , etn Beitrig tur
1900). ]
Psychologic der Metaphysik (Berlin, 1894). [ W. Caldwell, S. 's System in iU Philosophical Significance (Lond. and N. Y. 18961. J. Volkelt, 8ck. (Stuttgart.
Appendix.
P. 573. Line 14. After the parenthesis, insert : —
v- to Schelling of J. P. V. Troxler (1780-1866, Xaturlchre des mensddidun Erkennens, 1828).
P. 585. Foot-note 2, add : —
Cf. A. Schoel, H. 's Philos. Lehre von der Religion (Dresden, 1884).
P. 586. Note 3. Line 7. Insert : —
The theory thus given its scientific foundation and development by nerbart became the point of departure for the whole pedagogical movement in Germany during the nineteenth century, whether the direction taken was one of friendly development or of hostile criticism. A literature of vast extent has been called out by it, for which histories of pedagogy may be consulted.
P. 588. Line 14 from foot. Affix to this the reference : —
Cf. Schopenhauer's essay On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, and his Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy (in Vol. II. of the Eng. tr. ).
P. 592. Line 9 from foot of the text. Affix the reference : — Cf. E. v. Hartmann, Ueber die dialektische Methode (Berlin, 1868).
P. 599. Line 21.
See . lac. Stilling in the Strassbwger Ooethevortrdgen (1890), pp. 149 ft
INDEX.
Note. — Figures enclosed in parentheses indicate pages of the text to which supplementary matter has been added in the Appendix. Thus, under " Abe- lard," 890 (275) indicates that on page 090 will be found material supplement ary to that on page 276.
Abbt,446.
Abelard, life and writings, 274, 090
(276) ; theory of universale (concep tualising 272, 294, 298 f. ; rational ism ana independence, 900 f. , 307 ; psychology, 300 f. ; ethics, 308 f. ; religion, 319.
Agricola, 364 f. , 360.
Absolute, applied to the Ideas, Plato, Agrippa (the Sceptic), 160, 163 ; his
1*28 ; to the pure Form, Aristotle, tropes, 201.
140 f. : to the One, Plotinus, 238 ; Agrippa of Nettesheim, 367, 373.
Abercrumbie, 629.
manticists, 611 ; Hegel's, 613; Scho penhauer's, 600, 622 ; Nietzsche's, 677 f.
Agnosticism, of Hamilton and Mansel, 638 ; of Spencer, 657, 669 ; see also Negative Theology and cf. 64C-660, 642.
to God, Anselm, 293 f. ; Schelling, Alanus, 276.
008, 017 f. ; unknowable, Hamilton, Albert of Bollstadt (Albertus Magnus),
638 ; and Spencer, 667.
Absolutism, political, 432 f.
Abstract ideas, see Ideas.
Abubacer, 317, 320.
Academicians, 104.
Academy, Older, 101, 103, 169, 687 Alcuin, 273.
(189) (see also under names of its d'Alembert, 442, 477, 652. adherent*) ; Middle, 103, 101 f. , 207 Alexander Aphrodisias, 161, 234, 338
(see also ArcesilausandCameades) ;
New. 103, 162.
Achiltini, 366.
Acosmism, 38.
Actual m. the potential, 140, 144, 140,
423 f.
Adaptation, 480 and note, 060, 068 f. Adelard of Bath, 274, 297.
U4+opm in Stoicism, 168, 173. iEgydius, 314.
jEnesidemus (the Sceptic), 160, 163; " his " tropes," 200 ; aporiss, 208.
jEnesidemus," see Schulze.
vEona. Gnostic, 244, 257 f.
■Machine*, 82.
Esthetic, transcendental, of Kant, 638-
641.
/Esthetics (see aluo Beauty), beginning
369.
Alexander of Hales, 313, 344. Alexander, 8. , 630.
Alexandria, 168, 213 Catechists, school
of, 214, 217.
Alexandrian Philosophy, 213 ff. see
also Neo-I'ylhagoreanism, Pbilo, Plo
tinus, etc.
Alexandrisls, 364 f. , 369.
Alexinus, 71, 89.
Alfarabi, 317.
Alfred de Sereshel, 344.
Algazel, 317.
Alhacen, 344.
Alkendl, 317.
Allegorical interpretation, 2*21 fi. A\\ol**tt and rtpi^opd as kiuds of
Altruism, Cumberland on, 436; origi nal or derived, 60H ff. evolutionary view of, »! . 'i9. 602; Feuerbarli, 671, 676 see Egoism.
of, in Aristotle, 163 ; Plotinus, 248 ;
of Bauingarten, 484 ; Diderot, 493 f. ;
Shaftesbury, 610 ; Home, 610 f. ;
Burke, 611 ; Sulzer, 611 ; Influence
on philosophy of German idealism,
630 ; Kant'*,' 660-604 ; Schiller's, Anialric. Auialricans, 313, 339, 690 600-4)02 ; Schelling'a, 607 ; of Ro- !
311, 313, 321, 326, 333, 340, 343 f,
487, 690 (313). Alchemy, 37:1 f. Alcidamas, 74.
Alcmeon. 40, 64, 07, 160.
«(nK«. 39.
i Althus, . 182. 433
(313).
;
f. ;
;
;
f. ,
700
Index.
Amelias, 218.
Ammonias Saccus, 218.
Ampere, 627, 636.
Analogies of Experience, 645.
Analytic, transcendental, of Kant, Aristotle, conception of philosophy, 2 ;
633 f. , 638, 642 ff.
Analytics of Aristotle, 104, 132-138. dr&)irt)<rit (recollection), with Plato, 118,
completer of Greek science, 25. 00 on Oaviniftur and apxi, 31 . as source for Sophistic doctrine, 88 life and writings, 103 f. , 685 (104); logic, 132- 138,543, 685 (135 note), 686 (142); his central principle, 139. 656 doctrine of cause, 141 ff. ; categories, 142; re lation to Plato's Ideas, 130, 142 f.
; his personality compared with Plato's, 685 (104); doctrine of matter, 144 of Being or essence, 130 f. , 145 monotheism, 146 cosmology, 14" cosmical elements, 686 (148); psy chology, 140 ethics, 161 ff. ; politics, 162 poetics, 163 influence on Stoics, 176, 181 immanence and transcendence in his doctrine, 178 f. , on freedom, 101 on law in nature,
686 (123) ; Augustine, 278. Anaxagoras, life, 30 ; astronomical in terest, 684 (30), 41, 64 ; theory of ele
ments, 41, 62 ; of the rout, 41 L, 64, 62 f. , 684 (42), 186 ; influence of this on Plato, 128 ; and on Stoics, 187 ; teleology, 42, 64, 08 note; theory of cognition, 60, 62 f. , 66; cf. 20, 01, 128, 185.
A nax inlander, 27 ft. , 33 ff. , 40, 60, 688
(*38)-
Anaximenes, 27, 20, 32 f. , 48.
A nc i lion, 627.
Andronicus, 104, 150.
Anniceris, 70, 87.
Anselm, 272, 205 ; life and writings, 106 evil due to matter, 106 influ
Aristotelianism (see Peripatetics), in Middle Ages, 260 f. , 288, 302 f. , 311 ff, 316 f. , 324 ff. , 320, 333, 338; in the Renaissance, 3531, 357-350, 364.
274 ; ontological argument, 202 f. , ence of his monotheism, 211 recep
321, 331.
Anticipations of perception, 646. Antinomy, between thought and ex
perience, 11 ; Zeno's antinomies, 44,
55 f. ; Kant's doctrine of, 660.
Antiochus, 103, 161 f.
Antistbenes, 70, 72, 83 f. , 04, 06 ; see Arnauld, 381.
also Cynics.
Apathy, Stoic doctrine of, 168.
iwtipor, see Infinite.
Apelles, 268.
Apollodorus, 162.
Apollonius, 213, 216.
ApologisU, 214, 217, 222 ff. , 231, 237.
A posteriori, see A priori.
Apperception, distinguished from per apxt of cosmologists, 32 ff. ; the Ideas
ception, by Leibniz, 463 ; transcen as ipx'fi with Plato, 118 four princi dental, of Kant, 545 ; Herbart's doc ples, Aristotle, 138, 141.
trine of, 687. Asceticism, 230, 620
A priori, Leibniz's conception of, 308 ; Aseity of God, 202 of substance, 408 Wolff, 460 ; Kant, 533, note 2 ; evo of individuals, 676.
lutionary explanation of, 660, 602. Assent, as characteristic of the judg
Cf. also 106 ff. ; 202 f . , 343 ff. , 388 ff. ,
538 ff. , 661 ff.
Apuleius, 213, 216, 228.
Arabian Philosophy, 15, 316 f. , 310,
337 ff. , 600 (316 f. S. Arcesilaus, 103, 160 f. Archelaus, 76, 684 (30). Archytas, 31, 103, 123, 216. Ardigo, 631.
Aristarchus, 162.
Aristides, 217.
Aristippus, 70, 72, 86 ff, 03, 166, 170;
see also Cyrenaics.
Aristippus the Younger, 70, 72, 86. Aristobulus, 216, 220 f. Aristophanes, 81.
ment, 207 304 as ethical factor,
308.
Association (see also Psychology), in
recollection, Plato, 685 (110); John of Salisbury, 307 Hobbes, 413 Hart ley, 465; laws of, with Hume, 473; explains ideas of substance and cau sality, ace. to Hume, 473-476 of nineteenth century, 628 Mill and Bain, 635 in ethics, 662, 666 in Herbart's Pedagogic*, 586 in es thetics, 511.
Astrology, 373 ff.
Astronomy, of the Pythagoreans, 45.
66 of Anaxagoras, 54 of Plato, 130 of Aristotle, 147
tion of his doctrine the decisive factor in Scholasticism, 260, 311 f. ; cf. also 220, 236, 255, 320, 331, 340, 364, 308, 402, 420 see also Aristotelianism.
Aristoxenus, 160, 161.
Arius Didymus, 162, 216.
Arnobius, 214, 217, 224
Arnold, 445.
Arrian, 216.
Are inveniendi, 383-387.
Art, its influence on philosophy, 530,
668, 677 for theories of its origin,
purpose, and function, see ^Esthetics. Art of Lull see Lullus.
f. . ;
f, ; f.
;;
;
;
;
;
;;;
;
;;;
; ;;; f. ;
;
;
;
f. ;
; f.
;
f. ;
;
f. ;
f. ;
;f. f
f. ; ;
f.
;
f.
Index. 701 Aiaraxy, 106; of Epicurus, 166; of Batteux, 466.
Sceptics, 107 ; of Stoics, 168.
Atheism, 86, 493, 641,675.
Atbenagoras, 217, 824.
Atom, conception of, with Leucippus, Bazard, 628.
43 ; of Democritus, 107, 1 10 ft. ; with Beattie, 442, 637.
Epicurus, 184 ; compared with monad Beautiful soul, as ideal, 602.
of Bruno, 371 ; Button's, 480. Beauty, its relation to the good with
Atomism, of Leucippus, 42 ; of Democri Plato, 126 first treated indepen
tus, 108, llOff. ; of Epicurus, 183 f. ;
in Ethics, see Individualism. Atomists, 20, 42 ff. , 64, 688 (238); see
also Leucippus, Democritus. Attributes, the two, of Descartes, 406 f. ;
dently by Plotinus, 248 . of the universe emphasised in Renaissance, 368, 367 ff. and by Shaftesbury, 489 factor in ethics, 609 Home, Burke, Sulzer on, 610 Kant, 660-663 Schiller on, 600 Cf. Esthetics.
with Spinoza, 408 f. , 410.
Augustine, 264 ff. , 268, 270 ; life and Beck, 670, 679, 696 (670).
works, 273, 680 (273); doctrine, 276- Becker, 398.
287 ; influence of his theory of the Becoming see Cosmic processes.
will, 811 f. , 329 ff. , 894, 416 ; bis em Bede, 273.
phasis on personality and inner ex Being, early Greek conceptions of, 31-
perience, 303, 340, 344, 364 ; influence on Reformers, 337, 363, 364 ; cf. also 324, 326, 333, 337, 391, and Augus- tinianism.
47 as world-stuff with Milesians, 32 as corporeality or space-filling sub stance, Parmenides, 37 plurality of, assumed, 39 ff. = atoms, 42 plu
Baumgarten, 444, 484.
Bayle, 439, 442, 477, 491, 494, 496, 604 Baynes, 629.
Augustinianism, contrasted with Aris- rality of, denied by Zeno, 44 found tntelianism, 303 ff. , 324, 326, 829 ff. , in numbers, Philolaus, 46 identified 334, 341, 344, 364, 661 note. with the good by Euclid, 96 equiva
Austin, 629. lent to atoms with Democritus, 108 Authority as philosophical principle, to Ideas with Plato, 109, 118; to
219 ff. , 602 f. , 614 f.
Autonomy of practical reason, 563 ; cf.
675, 680 ; see Will and Voluntarism. Avempace, 317.
Avenarius, 633, 6. '>1.
Arerroes and Averroism, 317 ff. , 320,
essence with Aristotle, 130 and fur ther to purs thought, 146 to spirit with Neo-Platonism and Patristic thought, 232; with Plotinus, 246; sought in the universal by John Scotus, 280 ff. treated as an attri bute of varying intensity, 291 and by Descartes. 405 God as infinite, bodies and minds as finite, 406 to be thought only as kind of con sciousness, 679 comprehensible only as product of reason, Fichte, 681 Eleatic conception of, in Herbart,
. 323, 829, 331, 330, 338 ff. , 354 Avicebron, 318, 332, 338 f. , 341. Avieenna, 299. 317, 340, 344. Axioms of perception, 546.
Baader, ■r>71. Babeuf, 623.
369.
Bacon, Francis, 379 life and writings. 584 only means, Fichte, 605 de
380, 602 (380) his method, 883-388
•• idols. " 383 aim, 386 attitude also Reality, Substance.
toward religion. 400; on final eauses, Bekker, 401.
401 "the New Atlantis," 387, 429. Belief. Hume's theory of, 476, 477. Cf. also 406, 412. 477, 494, 616. Bellarmin, 382.
Bacon, Koger, 314, 319, 333, 341, 344 Belsham, 628.
307. " Baer, von, 668.
Beneke, 573. 577, 637.
'«. . '■ Bentham, 441, 618, 622, 662-666, 666.
Bfthnten. 67S
Baifov;e».
Bain, 620. 636.
Baldwin, 630.
Ballanche, 628. 649.
Barbaro, 356.
Banleaanea, 217. 239. Barthez, 627, 636. Bartholnieas, 627.
Basedow, 446, 520. Buileides, 214, 217, 243, (68 Ba»»o. 355, 871, 406.
Berengar, 276, 207.
Berigard, 366.
Berkeley. 439 f. , 462, 469 f, 476 note. Bernard of Thames. 272, 274, 204.
302 367, 089 (274).
Bernard of Clairvaux, 273, 276, 301.
306.
Bernhard of Tours, 689 (274). Bernhard Silvestris, 689 (274). Bertrand, 627.
Beasarion, 864, 358
Bias. M.
P. 572. To the notice of Schleiermacher, add : —
Schlelermacher's kindly nature, which was particularly skilful in fine and delicate adjustments, is developed especially in the attempt to harmonise the aesthetic and philosophical culture of his time with the religious consciousness.
With delicate hand he wove connecting threads between the two, and removed in the sphere of feeling the opposition which prevailed between the respective theories and conceptions. Cf. I>. Schenkel, Sch. , Elberfeld, 1868 ; W. Diltbey, Lehcn Schl. 's, Bd. I. Berlin, 1870 ; A. Kitsch), Sch. 's Reden ub. d. Rel. , Bonn, 1876 ; F. Bachmann, Die Entwicklung der Elhik Schl. 's, Leips. 1892. [Eng. tr. of the On Religion, by Oman (Lond. 1893). J
P. 572. To the notice of Herbart, add : —
Herbarl's philosophical activity was conspicuous for its keenness in concept ual thought and for its polemic energy. Whatever he lacked in wealth of per ceptual material and in aesthetic mobility was made up by an earnest disposition and a lofty, calm, and clear conception of life. His rigorously scientific manner made him for a long time a successful opponent of the dialectical tendency in philosophy.
P. 573. Line 4. To the notice of Schopenhauer, add : —
Of the recent editions of his works the most carefully edited is that of E. Grisebach. Schopenhauer's peculiar, contradictory personality and also his teaching have been most deeply apprehended by Kuno Fischer (9th vol. of the Geseh. d. neueren Phllos. , 2d ed. , 1898).
His capriciously passionate character was joined with a genius and freedom of intellectuality which enabled him to survey and comprise within one view a great wealth of learning and information, and at the same time to present with artistic completeness the view of the world and of life which he had thus found. As one of the greatest philosophical writers, Schopenhauer has exercised the strongest influence through his skill in formulation and his language, which is free from all the pedantry of learning, and appeals to the cultivated mind with brilliant suggestiveness. If be deceived himself as to his historical position in the Post-Kantian philosophy, and thereby brought himself into an almost pathological solitariness, be has nevertheless given to many fundamental thoughts of this whole development their most fortunate and effective form. Cf. W. Wallace, Sch. (London, 1891), R. Lehmann, Sch. , etn Beitrig tur
1900). ]
Psychologic der Metaphysik (Berlin, 1894). [ W. Caldwell, S. 's System in iU Philosophical Significance (Lond. and N. Y. 18961. J. Volkelt, 8ck. (Stuttgart.
Appendix.
P. 573. Line 14. After the parenthesis, insert : —
v- to Schelling of J. P. V. Troxler (1780-1866, Xaturlchre des mensddidun Erkennens, 1828).
P. 585. Foot-note 2, add : —
Cf. A. Schoel, H. 's Philos. Lehre von der Religion (Dresden, 1884).
P. 586. Note 3. Line 7. Insert : —
The theory thus given its scientific foundation and development by nerbart became the point of departure for the whole pedagogical movement in Germany during the nineteenth century, whether the direction taken was one of friendly development or of hostile criticism. A literature of vast extent has been called out by it, for which histories of pedagogy may be consulted.
P. 588. Line 14 from foot. Affix to this the reference : —
Cf. Schopenhauer's essay On the Fourfold Root of the Principle of Sufficient Reason, and his Criticism of the Kantian Philosophy (in Vol. II. of the Eng. tr. ).
P. 592. Line 9 from foot of the text. Affix the reference : — Cf. E. v. Hartmann, Ueber die dialektische Methode (Berlin, 1868).
P. 599. Line 21.
See . lac. Stilling in the Strassbwger Ooethevortrdgen (1890), pp. 149 ft
INDEX.
Note. — Figures enclosed in parentheses indicate pages of the text to which supplementary matter has been added in the Appendix. Thus, under " Abe- lard," 890 (275) indicates that on page 090 will be found material supplement ary to that on page 276.
Abbt,446.
Abelard, life and writings, 274, 090
(276) ; theory of universale (concep tualising 272, 294, 298 f. ; rational ism ana independence, 900 f. , 307 ; psychology, 300 f. ; ethics, 308 f. ; religion, 319.
Agricola, 364 f. , 360.
Absolute, applied to the Ideas, Plato, Agrippa (the Sceptic), 160, 163 ; his
1*28 ; to the pure Form, Aristotle, tropes, 201.
140 f. : to the One, Plotinus, 238 ; Agrippa of Nettesheim, 367, 373.
Abercrumbie, 629.
manticists, 611 ; Hegel's, 613; Scho penhauer's, 600, 622 ; Nietzsche's, 677 f.
Agnosticism, of Hamilton and Mansel, 638 ; of Spencer, 657, 669 ; see also Negative Theology and cf. 64C-660, 642.
to God, Anselm, 293 f. ; Schelling, Alanus, 276.
008, 017 f. ; unknowable, Hamilton, Albert of Bollstadt (Albertus Magnus),
638 ; and Spencer, 667.
Absolutism, political, 432 f.
Abstract ideas, see Ideas.
Abubacer, 317, 320.
Academicians, 104.
Academy, Older, 101, 103, 169, 687 Alcuin, 273.
(189) (see also under names of its d'Alembert, 442, 477, 652. adherent*) ; Middle, 103, 101 f. , 207 Alexander Aphrodisias, 161, 234, 338
(see also ArcesilausandCameades) ;
New. 103, 162.
Achiltini, 366.
Acosmism, 38.
Actual m. the potential, 140, 144, 140,
423 f.
Adaptation, 480 and note, 060, 068 f. Adelard of Bath, 274, 297.
U4+opm in Stoicism, 168, 173. iEgydius, 314.
jEnesidemus (the Sceptic), 160, 163; " his " tropes," 200 ; aporiss, 208.
jEnesidemus," see Schulze.
vEona. Gnostic, 244, 257 f.
■Machine*, 82.
Esthetic, transcendental, of Kant, 638-
641.
/Esthetics (see aluo Beauty), beginning
369.
Alexander of Hales, 313, 344. Alexander, 8. , 630.
Alexandria, 168, 213 Catechists, school
of, 214, 217.
Alexandrian Philosophy, 213 ff. see
also Neo-I'ylhagoreanism, Pbilo, Plo
tinus, etc.
Alexandrisls, 364 f. , 369.
Alexinus, 71, 89.
Alfarabi, 317.
Alfred de Sereshel, 344.
Algazel, 317.
Alhacen, 344.
Alkendl, 317.
Allegorical interpretation, 2*21 fi. A\\ol**tt and rtpi^opd as kiuds of
Altruism, Cumberland on, 436; origi nal or derived, 60H ff. evolutionary view of, »! . 'i9. 602; Feuerbarli, 671, 676 see Egoism.
of, in Aristotle, 163 ; Plotinus, 248 ;
of Bauingarten, 484 ; Diderot, 493 f. ;
Shaftesbury, 610 ; Home, 610 f. ;
Burke, 611 ; Sulzer, 611 ; Influence
on philosophy of German idealism,
630 ; Kant'*,' 660-604 ; Schiller's, Anialric. Auialricans, 313, 339, 690 600-4)02 ; Schelling'a, 607 ; of Ro- !
311, 313, 321, 326, 333, 340, 343 f,
487, 690 (313). Alchemy, 37:1 f. Alcidamas, 74.
Alcmeon. 40, 64, 07, 160.
«(nK«. 39.
i Althus, . 182. 433
(313).
;
f. ;
;
;
f. ,
700
Index.
Amelias, 218.
Ammonias Saccus, 218.
Ampere, 627, 636.
Analogies of Experience, 645.
Analytic, transcendental, of Kant, Aristotle, conception of philosophy, 2 ;
633 f. , 638, 642 ff.
Analytics of Aristotle, 104, 132-138. dr&)irt)<rit (recollection), with Plato, 118,
completer of Greek science, 25. 00 on Oaviniftur and apxi, 31 . as source for Sophistic doctrine, 88 life and writings, 103 f. , 685 (104); logic, 132- 138,543, 685 (135 note), 686 (142); his central principle, 139. 656 doctrine of cause, 141 ff. ; categories, 142; re lation to Plato's Ideas, 130, 142 f.
; his personality compared with Plato's, 685 (104); doctrine of matter, 144 of Being or essence, 130 f. , 145 monotheism, 146 cosmology, 14" cosmical elements, 686 (148); psy chology, 140 ethics, 161 ff. ; politics, 162 poetics, 163 influence on Stoics, 176, 181 immanence and transcendence in his doctrine, 178 f. , on freedom, 101 on law in nature,
686 (123) ; Augustine, 278. Anaxagoras, life, 30 ; astronomical in terest, 684 (30), 41, 64 ; theory of ele
ments, 41, 62 ; of the rout, 41 L, 64, 62 f. , 684 (42), 186 ; influence of this on Plato, 128 ; and on Stoics, 187 ; teleology, 42, 64, 08 note; theory of cognition, 60, 62 f. , 66; cf. 20, 01, 128, 185.
A nax inlander, 27 ft. , 33 ff. , 40, 60, 688
(*38)-
Anaximenes, 27, 20, 32 f. , 48.
A nc i lion, 627.
Andronicus, 104, 150.
Anniceris, 70, 87.
Anselm, 272, 205 ; life and writings, 106 evil due to matter, 106 influ
Aristotelianism (see Peripatetics), in Middle Ages, 260 f. , 288, 302 f. , 311 ff, 316 f. , 324 ff. , 320, 333, 338; in the Renaissance, 3531, 357-350, 364.
274 ; ontological argument, 202 f. , ence of his monotheism, 211 recep
321, 331.
Anticipations of perception, 646. Antinomy, between thought and ex
perience, 11 ; Zeno's antinomies, 44,
55 f. ; Kant's doctrine of, 660.
Antiochus, 103, 161 f.
Antistbenes, 70, 72, 83 f. , 04, 06 ; see Arnauld, 381.
also Cynics.
Apathy, Stoic doctrine of, 168.
iwtipor, see Infinite.
Apelles, 268.
Apollodorus, 162.
Apollonius, 213, 216.
ApologisU, 214, 217, 222 ff. , 231, 237.
A posteriori, see A priori.
Apperception, distinguished from per apxt of cosmologists, 32 ff. ; the Ideas
ception, by Leibniz, 463 ; transcen as ipx'fi with Plato, 118 four princi dental, of Kant, 545 ; Herbart's doc ples, Aristotle, 138, 141.
trine of, 687. Asceticism, 230, 620
A priori, Leibniz's conception of, 308 ; Aseity of God, 202 of substance, 408 Wolff, 460 ; Kant, 533, note 2 ; evo of individuals, 676.
lutionary explanation of, 660, 602. Assent, as characteristic of the judg
Cf. also 106 ff. ; 202 f . , 343 ff. , 388 ff. ,
538 ff. , 661 ff.
Apuleius, 213, 216, 228.
Arabian Philosophy, 15, 316 f. , 310,
337 ff. , 600 (316 f. S. Arcesilaus, 103, 160 f. Archelaus, 76, 684 (30). Archytas, 31, 103, 123, 216. Ardigo, 631.
Aristarchus, 162.
Aristides, 217.
Aristippus, 70, 72, 86 ff, 03, 166, 170;
see also Cyrenaics.
Aristippus the Younger, 70, 72, 86. Aristobulus, 216, 220 f. Aristophanes, 81.
ment, 207 304 as ethical factor,
308.
Association (see also Psychology), in
recollection, Plato, 685 (110); John of Salisbury, 307 Hobbes, 413 Hart ley, 465; laws of, with Hume, 473; explains ideas of substance and cau sality, ace. to Hume, 473-476 of nineteenth century, 628 Mill and Bain, 635 in ethics, 662, 666 in Herbart's Pedagogic*, 586 in es thetics, 511.
Astrology, 373 ff.
Astronomy, of the Pythagoreans, 45.
66 of Anaxagoras, 54 of Plato, 130 of Aristotle, 147
tion of his doctrine the decisive factor in Scholasticism, 260, 311 f. ; cf. also 220, 236, 255, 320, 331, 340, 364, 308, 402, 420 see also Aristotelianism.
Aristoxenus, 160, 161.
Arius Didymus, 162, 216.
Arnobius, 214, 217, 224
Arnold, 445.
Arrian, 216.
Are inveniendi, 383-387.
Art, its influence on philosophy, 530,
668, 677 for theories of its origin,
purpose, and function, see ^Esthetics. Art of Lull see Lullus.
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Index. 701 Aiaraxy, 106; of Epicurus, 166; of Batteux, 466.
Sceptics, 107 ; of Stoics, 168.
Atheism, 86, 493, 641,675.
Atbenagoras, 217, 824.
Atom, conception of, with Leucippus, Bazard, 628.
43 ; of Democritus, 107, 1 10 ft. ; with Beattie, 442, 637.
Epicurus, 184 ; compared with monad Beautiful soul, as ideal, 602.
of Bruno, 371 ; Button's, 480. Beauty, its relation to the good with
Atomism, of Leucippus, 42 ; of Democri Plato, 126 first treated indepen
tus, 108, llOff. ; of Epicurus, 183 f. ;
in Ethics, see Individualism. Atomists, 20, 42 ff. , 64, 688 (238); see
also Leucippus, Democritus. Attributes, the two, of Descartes, 406 f. ;
dently by Plotinus, 248 . of the universe emphasised in Renaissance, 368, 367 ff. and by Shaftesbury, 489 factor in ethics, 609 Home, Burke, Sulzer on, 610 Kant, 660-663 Schiller on, 600 Cf. Esthetics.
with Spinoza, 408 f. , 410.
Augustine, 264 ff. , 268, 270 ; life and Beck, 670, 679, 696 (670).
works, 273, 680 (273); doctrine, 276- Becker, 398.
287 ; influence of his theory of the Becoming see Cosmic processes.
will, 811 f. , 329 ff. , 894, 416 ; bis em Bede, 273.
phasis on personality and inner ex Being, early Greek conceptions of, 31-
perience, 303, 340, 344, 364 ; influence on Reformers, 337, 363, 364 ; cf. also 324, 326, 333, 337, 391, and Augus- tinianism.
47 as world-stuff with Milesians, 32 as corporeality or space-filling sub stance, Parmenides, 37 plurality of, assumed, 39 ff. = atoms, 42 plu
Baumgarten, 444, 484.
Bayle, 439, 442, 477, 491, 494, 496, 604 Baynes, 629.
Augustinianism, contrasted with Aris- rality of, denied by Zeno, 44 found tntelianism, 303 ff. , 324, 326, 829 ff. , in numbers, Philolaus, 46 identified 334, 341, 344, 364, 661 note. with the good by Euclid, 96 equiva
Austin, 629. lent to atoms with Democritus, 108 Authority as philosophical principle, to Ideas with Plato, 109, 118; to
219 ff. , 602 f. , 614 f.
Autonomy of practical reason, 563 ; cf.
675, 680 ; see Will and Voluntarism. Avempace, 317.
Avenarius, 633, 6. '>1.
Arerroes and Averroism, 317 ff. , 320,
essence with Aristotle, 130 and fur ther to purs thought, 146 to spirit with Neo-Platonism and Patristic thought, 232; with Plotinus, 246; sought in the universal by John Scotus, 280 ff. treated as an attri bute of varying intensity, 291 and by Descartes. 405 God as infinite, bodies and minds as finite, 406 to be thought only as kind of con sciousness, 679 comprehensible only as product of reason, Fichte, 681 Eleatic conception of, in Herbart,
. 323, 829, 331, 330, 338 ff. , 354 Avicebron, 318, 332, 338 f. , 341. Avieenna, 299. 317, 340, 344. Axioms of perception, 546.
Baader, ■r>71. Babeuf, 623.
369.
Bacon, Francis, 379 life and writings. 584 only means, Fichte, 605 de
380, 602 (380) his method, 883-388
•• idols. " 383 aim, 386 attitude also Reality, Substance.
toward religion. 400; on final eauses, Bekker, 401.
401 "the New Atlantis," 387, 429. Belief. Hume's theory of, 476, 477. Cf. also 406, 412. 477, 494, 616. Bellarmin, 382.
Bacon, Koger, 314, 319, 333, 341, 344 Belsham, 628.
307. " Baer, von, 668.
Beneke, 573. 577, 637.
'«. . '■ Bentham, 441, 618, 622, 662-666, 666.
Bfthnten. 67S
Baifov;e».
Bain, 620. 636.
Baldwin, 630.
Ballanche, 628. 649.
Barbaro, 356.
Banleaanea, 217. 239. Barthez, 627, 636. Bartholnieas, 627.
Basedow, 446, 520. Buileides, 214, 217, 243, (68 Ba»»o. 355, 871, 406.
Berengar, 276, 207.
Berigard, 366.
Berkeley. 439 f. , 462, 469 f, 476 note. Bernard of Thames. 272, 274, 204.
302 367, 089 (274).
Bernard of Clairvaux, 273, 276, 301.
306.
Bernhard of Tours, 689 (274). Bernhard Silvestris, 689 (274). Bertrand, 627.
Beasarion, 864, 358
Bias. M.
