No More Learning

213

faculty was, and in which he was a master, to make PART
difficult matters more intricate and perplexed ; and



very easy things to seem more hard than they were. I643 -
The king considered the matter and subject of that
proclamation at the council ; where that draught the
chancellor had provided was agreed to ; and the at-
torney seemed to be satisfied in it, and was content
to have it believed that it had been consulted with
him ; though he never forgave the chancellor for
exposing him in that manner ; by which he found
he had lost much ground.

After the treaty of Uxbridge, most of the com- 1645.
missioners had given so good a testimony of the
chancellor's diligence and industry, that the fcing,
shortly after his return, very graciously took notice exchequer's
of it to him; and, above all, of his affection to the in the treaty
church, of which, he said, Dr. Steward had so fully of Uxbridge '
informed him, that he looked upon him as one of
the few who was to be relied upon in that particular :
at which, he said, himself was not at all surprised,
having long known his affection and judgment in
that point ; but confessed he was surprised with the
carriage of some others, from whom he had expected
another kind of behaviour in matters of the church ;
and named sir Orlando Bridgman, upon whom, he
said, he had always looked, being the son of a bishop,
as so firm, that he could not be shaken ; and there-
fore he was the more amazed, to hear what conde-
scensions he had been willing to have made, in what
concerned religion ; and pressed the chancellor to
answer some questions he asked him about that
transaction : to the particulars whereof he excused
himself from answering, by the protestation they had
all taken before the treaty, wfth his majesty's appro-

P 3



214 THE LIFE OF

PART bation : though indeed himself had been very much

surprised with the first discovery of that temper in

1645 * that gentleman, which he had never before suspect-
ed : and ever after said, that " he was a man of ex-
" cellent parts, and honestly inclined ; and would
" choose much rather to do well than ill ; but if it
" were not safe for him to be steady in those reso-
" lutions, he was so much given to find out expedi-
" ents to satisfy unreasonable men, that he would
. " at last be drawn to yield to any thing he should
" be powerfully pressed to do. "

The king at that time having resolved to separate
the prince his son from himself, by sending him into
the west, the chancellor had a great desire to excuse
himself from attending upon the prince in that jour-
ney ; and represented to his majesty, that his office
made it more proper for him to be near his majesty's
person ; and therefore renewed his suit again to him,
that his service might be spared in that employment;
which he was the less inclined to, because he had
discovered, that neither the duke of Richmond or
the earl of Southampton did intend to wait upon
his highness in that expedition : but the king told
him positively, and with some warmth, that if he
would not go, he would not send his son : where-
upon he submitted to do any thing which his majesty
should judge fit for his service.

The chancellor speaking one day with the duke
of Richmond, who was exceedingly kind to him, of
the ill state of the king's affairs, and of the prince's
journey into the west ; the duke asked him, whether
he was well resolved to carry the prince into France,
when he should be required. He answered, that
there had been no such thing mentioned to him, nor



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 215

could he ever be made instrumental in it, but in one PART
case, which was, to prevent his falling into the



hands of the parliament ; and in that case, he did be-
lieve every honest man would rather advise his going
any whither, than being taken r by them : yet even
in that case, he should prefer many places before
France. The duke wished he might stay till then,
implying, that he doubted it was the present design ;
but there was never any thing discovered to make
it believed, that there was a design at that time
formed to such a purpose : yet the lord Digby, who
had all familiarity and confidence with the chan-
cellor, shortly after gave him occasion to apprehend
that there might even then be some such intention.

After a long discourse of the great satisfaction Lord pig-
the king had in his (the chancellor's) service, and coJrse^wit
how much he was pleased with his behaviour in the ce



treaty at Uxbridge. and that he had not a greater ce in F the

prince s

confidence in any man's affection and fidelity : he & oin g to

. . France.

said, his majesty had a great mind to confer with
him upon a point of the last importance ; but that
he was kept from it by an apprehension that he was
of a different judgment from his majesty in that
particular. The other answered, that he was very
sorry . that the king was reserved for such a reason ;
for though he knew the chancellor did never pretend
to think one thing when he did think another, and
so might take the boldness to differ from his majesty
in his judgment ; yet the king could not believe that
he would discover the secret, or refuse to do any
thing that became an honest man, upon his com-
mand, though he did not believe it counsellable.

r being taken] to be taken
p 4



16 THE LIFE OF

PART Whereupon he entered upon a very reasonable con-
sideration of the low condition of the king ; of the



1645. discontent and murmur of the court, and of the
camp ; how very difficult a thing it was like to be,
to raise such an army as would be fit to take the
field ; and how much more unfit it would be for the
king to suffer himself to be enclosed in any garrison ;
which he must be, if there were no army for him to
be in. If the first difficulty should be mastered,
and an army made ready to march, there could be
little doubt, how great soever their distractions were
at London, but that the parliament would be able
to send another more numerous, and much better
supplied than the king's could be ; and then, if the
king's army was beaten, he could have no hope ever
to raise another, his quarters already being very
strait ; and after a defeat, the victorious army would
find no opposition ; nor was there any garrison that
could oppose them any considerable time ; London
would pour out more forces ; that all the west would
be swallowed up in an instant ; and in such a case
he asked him, whether he would not think it fit,
and assist to the carrying the prince out of the
kingdom.
The chan- The chancellor told him, he would deliver his

cellor's

reply. opinion freely to him, and was willing he should let
the king know it. That such a prospect as he had
supposed, might and ought to be prudently con-
sidered ; but that it must be with great secrecy, for
that there were already, to his knowledge, some
whispers of such a purpose ; and that it was the true
end of sending the prince into the west ; which, if it
should be believed, it would never be in their power
to execute, though the occasion should be most



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 217

pressing: therefore desired there might not be the PART

least whisper of any contingency that might make 1_

it fit. For the matter itself, it must never be done 1 645 -
upon any supposition of a necessity; but when the
necessity should be real, and in view, it ought to be
resolved and executed at once ; and he would make
no scruple of carrying him rather into Turkey, than
suffering him to be made a prisoner to the par-
liament.

The lord Digby replied, that though the king
would be very well pleased with this opinion of his,
yet he would not be surprised with it ; since he knew
his affection and wisdom to be such, that in such an
extremity he could not but have that resolution :
therefore that was not the point that the king
doubted he would differ with him in. Then he con-
tinued the discourse, that he hoped there would not
such an occasion fall out, and that the divisions at
London would yet open some door for a good peace
to enter at ; but if they should unite, and should
send out a strong army, and likewise appoint the
Scots to march towards them ; how the king would
do between two such armies, was a terrible prospect :
and then the least blow would raise so general a
consternation, that the king would be more dis-
quieted by his friends and servants, than by the
enemy; that his council was so constituted, that they
would look upon the prince's leaving the kingdom,
as less advisable than giving himself up to the par-
liament ; and that many men were yet so weak a
to believe, that the best way the king could take
for his security, and preservation of his posterity,
was to deliver up both himself and all his children
into the hands of the parliament ; and that they



218 THE LIFE OF

PART would then give him better conditions than they
. had offered in their treaties, having it then in their



1645. power to keep all such persons from him as they
were dissatisfied with.

If this opinion should once spread itself, as upon
any signal defeat it would undoubtedly do, it must
be expected, that the council, and most of the lords,
who looked upon themselves as ruined for their loy-
alty, out of their natural apprehension, would ima-
gine, that the prince being then in the west, and at
liberty to do what should be thought fit, would be
directed by the king to transport himself into parts
beyond the sea ; and the queen his mother being
then in France, most probably thither ; which was
a circumstance that would likewise make his trans-
portation more universally odious. So that upon
this reflection and erroneous animadversion, the
king would be, in the first unfortunate conjuncture,
importuned by all about him to send for the prince ;
or at least to send such orders to those to whose
care he was intrusted, that they should not presume
to transport him beyond the seas, in what exigent
soever. Most men would believe, that they should
merit of the parliament by this advice, and would
prosecute it with the more earnestness and impor-
tunity ; whilst those few who discerned the mischief
and ruin that must flow from it, would not have
the courage to deliver their opinions in public, for
fear of being accused of the counsel ; and by this
means the king might be so wearied and tired with
importunity, that, against his judgment, he might
be prevailed with to sign such a direction and order
as is before mentioned; though his majesty was
clearly satisfied in his understanding, that if both



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 219

himself and the prince were in their hands together, PART
the best that could happen would be murdering him
and crowning his son ; whereas if his son were at
liberty, and out of their reach, they would get no-
thing by his death, and consequently would not at-
tempt it.

This, he said, was the fatal conjuncture the king
apprehended ; and he then asked the chancellor,
what he would do. To which he answered, without
pausing, that he hoped the king had made up a firm
resolution never to depart from his own virtue, upon
which his fate depended; and that if he forsook
himself, he had no reason to depend upon the con-
stancy of any other man, who had nothing to sup-
port that confidence but the conscience of doing
what was just : that no man could doubt the law-
fulness of obeying him, in carrying the prince out
of the kingdom, to avoid his being taken by the re-
bels ; and he was not only ready to obey in that
case, but would confidently advise it, as a thing in
policy and prudence necessary to be done. But if
the king, being at liberty, and with his own coun-
sellors and servants, should under his hand forbid
the prince to transport himself, and forbid all about
him to suffer it to be done, he would never be guilty
of disobeying that express command; though he
should be very sorry to receive it. He wished the
king would speak with him of it, that he might take
the boldness to conjure him never to put an honest
and a faithful servant to that unjust strait, to do
any thing expressly contrary to his plain and posi-
tive command, upon pretence of knowing his secret
pleasure; which is exposing him to public justice
and reproach, which can never be wiped out by the



220 THE LIFE OF

PART conscience of the other; and that the artifice was
not worthy the royal breast of a great monarch.



1645. This, he said, was still Upon the supposition of the
king's liberty; but if he were a prisoner in the
hands of his enemies, (though that should not shake
his resolution, or make him say things he doth not
intend, upon imagination that others will know his -
meaning,) the case would be different; and honest
men would pursue former resolutions, though they
should be countermanded, according to circum-
stances.

The conference ended ; and was never after re-
sumed : nor did the king ever, in the least degree,
enter upon the argument with the chancellor, though
he had many private conferences with him upon all
that occurred to him, with reference to what the
prince should do in the west ; and of all the melan-
cholic contingencies which might fall out in his own
fortune. And it was generally believed, that his ma-
jesty had a much greater confidence in the chancel-
lor than in the other, whose judgment he had no
reverence for ; and this made the chancellor after-
wards believe, that all the other discourse from the
lord Digby proceeded rather from some communi-
cation of counsels he had with the queen, than any
directions from the king. And he did upon concur-
rent circumstances ever think, that the queen did,
from the first minute of the separation of the prince
from the king, intend to draw his highness into
France, that he might be near her, and under her
tuition, before any thing in the declension of the
king's fortune required it, or made it counsellable ;
and therefore had appointed the lord Digby, her
creature, who she knew had great friendship with



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON.

the chancellor, to feel his pulse, and discover, whe- PART

Hi-
ther he (in whom she had never confidence) might



be applicable to her purposes. But he often declared, l645 *
that the king himself never intimated the least
thought of the prince's leaving the kingdom, till
after the battle of Naseby ; and when Fairfax was
marched with his army into the west, and himself
was in despair of being able to raise another army ;
and even then, when he signified his pleasure to that
purpose, he left the time, and the manner, and the
place to them, who were especially trusted by him
about the prince ; as will appear by the particular
papers which are preserved of that affair; and
wherein it will likewise appear, that his majesty re-
ceived infinite satisfaction and content in the whole
management of that affair, and the happy and se-
cure transportation of the prince, in the just and
proper season, and when all the kingdom was right
glad that it was done.

As his majesty was more particularly gracious to
the chancellor from the time of the treaty at Ux-
bridge ; so there was no day passed without his con-
ferring with him in private upon his most secret
considerations and apprehensions, before his depar-
ture with the prince for the west. One day he told
him, he was very glad of what the duke of Rich-
mond had done the day before ; and indeed he had
done somewhat the day before which very much
surprised the chancellor. When his majesty arose
from council, the duke of Richmond whispered
somewhat privately to him, upon which the king
went into his bedchamber ; and the duke called the
chancellor, and told him, the king would speak with
him, and so took him by the hand, and led him into



222 THE LIFE OF

PART the bedchamber ; the privilege and dignity of which
. room was then so punctually preserved, that the



16-45. ting very rarely called any privy counsellor to con-
fer with him there, who was not of the bedcham-
ber : which maintained a just reverence to the place,
and an esteem of those who were admitted to attend
there. ^

The cimn- As soon as he came into the room, before he said
the king's any thing to the king, who was there alone, the
duke spake to the chancellor, and told him, that he
p had been brought up from his childhood by the
duke of crown, and had always paid it the obedience of a

Richmond.

child ; that as he had taken a wife with the appro-
bation and advice of the crown, so he had never
made a friendship, which he took to be a kind of
marriage, without the king's privity and particular
approbation ; that he had long had a kindness for
him, but had taken time to know him well, which
he thought he now did; and therefore had asked
his majesty's consent, that he might make a friend-
ship with him : and then said to the king, " Sir,
" have I not your approbation to this conjunction ? "
to which his majesty said, " Yes, my lord, I am
" very glad of it ; and I will pass my word to you
" for the chancellor, that you will not repent it ;"
with many gracious expressions to them both : and
so the duke led him out of the room again, saying,
f ' Now, Mr. Chancellor, it is in your power to de-
" ceive me. " And to this it was, that his majesty's
discourse related the next day, when he told him he
was glad of what had passed, &c. and said, he hoped
he would give him good counsel ; for he had not of
late lived towards him in the manner he was used
to do ; that he knew well the duke was a very ho-



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 223

nest and worthy man, and had all the kindness, as PART
well as duty for his majesty ; but that he was grown '



sullen, or discontented, and had not the same coun-
tenance he used to have ; for which he could ima-
gine no other reason, but that his man Webb gave
him ill counsel : he said, he was well contented that
he should take notice, that his majesty was not well
satisfied ; and asked him suddenly, when the duke
was at Oriel college with them ; (Oriel college was
the lodging of the lord treasurer, where that com-
mittee for secret affairs, of which the duke was one,
used to meet. ) The chancellor answered, that in-
deed the duke had not been there lately, which he
thought had proceeded from his attendance upon
his majesty, or some other necessary divertisement.
The king said, it proceeded not from thence ; and
that he might take occasion from his absence from
thence, to let himself into that discourse, and after-
wards proceed as he thought fit.

The duke was a person of a very good under- character of
standing ; and of so great perfection and punctuality
in all matters of honesty and honour, that he was
infinitely superior to any kind of temptation. He
had all the warmth and passions of a subject, and a
servant, and a friend for the king, and for his per-
son ; but he was then a man of a high spirit, and
valued his very fidelity at the rate it was worth ;
and not the less, for that it had almost stood single
for some time. The chancellor was very sorry for
this discovery ; and chose to wait upon the duke
the same day, near the hour when the meeting used
to be at Oriel college : and when he had spent a
short time with him, he said, he thought it was time
to go to Oriel college, and asked his grace, whether



224 THE LIFE OF

PART he would please to go thither ; for which he making
IIL some excuse, the other pressed him with some ear-



1645. nestness, and said, it was observed that he had a
good time declined that meeting, and if he should
not now go thither, he should be doubtful there
was some reason for it.

The duke replied, that he had indeed been absent
from thence for some time, and that he would deal
clearly with him as his friend, but desired it should
not be known ; that he was resolved to be there no
more. Then complained, that the king was not kind
to him ; at least, had not that confidence in him
which he had used to have : and then spake of many
particulars loosely ; and especially, that before the
treaty, he had advised the king to use all the means
he could to draw them to a treaty, for many advan-
tages which were like to be gotten by it ; and to
that purpose produced a letter that he had newly re-
ceived from the countess of Carlisle, and read it to
his majesty, who then seemed not to be moved with
the contents ; but afterwards, in several discourses,
reflected upon it in such a manner, as if he were
jealous that the duke held too much correspondence
with that people : which he looked upon . as such a
point of diffidence, that it was no longer fit for him
to be present when s the secret part of his affairs
was transacted ; and so he had and would forbear to
meet in that place, till iris majesty should entertain a
better opinion of him : yet he concealed the trouble
of rtiind which he sustained ; and wished that no
notice might be taken of it.

The chancellor told him, it was too late for that

* when] where



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON.

caution ; that the lords themselves could not but ob- PART

in.
serve his long absence, who before used to be the



most punctual ; and confessed to him, that the king Whom h ' e
himself had spoken to him of it with a sense of won- endeavour*

to reconcile

der and dislike; which, he said, he was to blame to the king;
himself for; since the honour he had done him to the
king, had likewise disposed his majesty to trust him
so far, as to express some dissatisfaction he had in
his grace's late carriage and behaviour. The duke
seemed not displeased with the communication, but
thereupon entered into a fuller and warmer dis-
course than before ; how much the king had with-
drawn his confidence from him, and trusted others
much more than him. In sum, it was easy to dis-
cern, that the thing that troubled him was the
power and credit that John Ashburnham had with
the king ; which his vanity made him own to that
degree, that he was not content to enjoy the benefit
of it, except he made it public, and to be taken
notice of by all men ; which could not but reflect
upon his honour : and when the chancellor seemed
to think it impossible, that himself could believe
that the king could prefer a man of Mr. Ashburn-
ham's talent before his grace, he proceeded with
many instances, and insisted with most indignation
upon one.

That about a year before, sir John Lucas, who
was well known to his grace, having met him abroad
in his travels, and ever after paid a particular re-
spect to him, had applied himself to him, and de-
sired his favour ; that when there should be any
opportunity offered, he would recommend him to
the king, to whom he was not unknown : that his
affection to his majesty's service was notorious

VOL. i. a



THE LIFE OF

PART enough, and that his sufferings were so likewise, his
house being the first that was plundered in the be-



1 645. ginning of the war ; by which, the loss he sustained in
furniture, plate, money, and stock, was very consider-
able ; so that he might modestly hope, that when his
majesty scattered his favours upon others of his own
rank, his poor service might likewise be remembered :
but he had seen men raised to dignities, who he was
sure had not the advantage over him in their suffer-
ings, whatever they might have in their actings ; and
he desired no more, but (since it was too ^evident
that his majesty's wants were great, and that money
would do him some service) that he might receive
that degree of honour which others had, and he
would make such a present to him as should mani-
fest his gratitude ; and he desired to owe the obli-
gation to his grace, and to receive it only by his me-
diation.

He said, he had moved this matter, with the
relation of all the circumstances, to his majesty,
who spake very graciously of the gentleman, as a
person of merit, but said, he was resolved to make
no more lords ; which he received as a very good an-
swer, and looked upon as a good resolution, and
commended it; desiring only, that if at any time
his majesty found it necessary to vary from that re-
solution, he would remember his proposition, and
gratify that gentleman ; which he promised to do ;
and with all which he acquainted the person con-
cerned ; thinking it could not but well satisfy him.
But he told him, that he was sorry that he could
not receive the honour by his grace's recommenda-
tion ; but for the thing itself, he could have it when
he would ; and shortly after it was despatched by



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 227

Mr. Ashburnham : he asked, whether this was not PART
preferring Mr. Ashburnham very much before him.



1 f* A t\

The chancellor told him, he was preferred as the
better market man ; and that he ought not to be-
lieve that the king's affection swayed him to that
preference, but an opinion that the other would
make the better bargain. He replied, his majesty
was deceived in that, for he had told him what the
other meant to give, without the least thought of re-
serving any thing for himself; whereas his majesty
had now received five hundred pounds less, and his
market man had gotten so much for his pains.

In conclusion, he prevailed so far with him, that
they went that afternoon together to the committee
to Oriel college ; and the next day the chancellor
spake with the king again, and told him, that the
duke had been in the afternoon with the committee,
where many things had been consulted ; and that he And the
found all his trouble proceeded from an apprehen- duke of
sion, that his majesty had withdrawn his affection
from him ; at least, that he, the duke, had not the
same credit with his majesty which he had formerly
had ; and that the sense and fear of that, could not but
make an impression upon a good servant, who loved
his master as well as he did. His majesty said, they
two should not live as well together as they had done,
as long as the duke kept his man Webb ; who made
him believe that the king was wholly governed by
Ashburnham, and cared not for any body else. He
said, nobody who knew him could believe he could
be governed by Ashburnham ; who, though an honest
man, and one that he believed loved him well, no man
thought was of an understanding superior to his ma-
jesty ; and enlarged himself upon this argument so

Q 2



228 THE LIFE OF

PART much, that he seemed as it were glad of the oppor-
tunity to clear himself from that aspersion or impu-



1645 - tation.

It is a very great misfortune for any prince to be
suspected to be governed by any man ; for as the
reproach is of all others the most grievous, so they
think the trusting weak men, who are much short
of their own vigour of wit and understanding, is a
sufficient vindication from that calumny ; and so,
before they are aware of it, they decline wiser men,
who are fit to advise them, and give themselves to
weaker, upon an imagination, that nobody will ever

But with- suspect they can be governed by them. In fine, he
5S> found the work too hard for him ; the king being
so much incensed against Webb, that he expected
the duke should turn him away : and the duke him-
self looked upon the king's prejudice as infused into
him by Ashburnham, upon particular malice ; hav-
ing often desired, that some accuser might charge
Webb, and he be heard to answer for himself;
which the king not being willing to admit, the
other was unwilling to dismiss a servant, his secre-
tary, who had served him long, and was very useful
to him ; and who indeed was never suspected for any
infidelity or want of affection to his master : and so
the chancellor, to his great trouble, was not able to
remove that cloudiness that remained in both their
countenances ; which never produced the least ill
effect in the view or observation of any ; the duke's
duty being never in any degree diminished ; and the
king's kindness to him continuing with many gra-
cious evidences to his death.

The king's The last conference his majesty had with the

last confer-
ence with chancellor was the very day the prince began his



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 229

journey towards the west, and indeed after he had PART
received his blessing ; when his majesty sent for



HI.



him into his bedchamber, and repeated some things I6 i 4o<

v the chan-

he had mentioned before. He told him, " there had ceiior of the
" been many things which had troubled him, with
" reference to his son's absence from him ; for all
" which, but one, he had satisfied himself: the one
" was, the inconvenience which might arise from
" the weakness and folly of his governor ; against
" which he had provided, as well as he could, by
" obliging the prince to follow the advice of his
" council in all things ; which he was well assured
" he would do ; and he had given them as much au-
" thority as they could wish : another was, that
" there was one servant about the prince, who he
" thought had too much credit with him, which was
" Elliot ; who he did not intend should be with him
" in the journey ; and had therefore sent him into
" France to the queen, with direction to her majesty,
" to keep him there ; and if he should return whilst
" the prince remained in the west, that he should be
" sent to his majesty, and not suffered to stay with
" his highness ; and that was all the care he could
" take in those two particulars : but there was a
" third, in which he knew not what to do, and that
" troubled him much more than the other two. "
When the chancellor seemed full of expectation to
know what that might be, the king said, " I have
" observed of late some kind of sharpness, upon
" many occasions, between Colepepper and you ; and
" though you are joined with other honest men, yet
" my great confidence is upon you two : I know not
" that the fault is in you ; nay, I must confess, that
" it is very often in him ; but let it be where it will,

Q3



230 THE LIFE OF

PART " any difference and unkindness between you two
" must be at my charge ; and I must tell you, the



1645. t ( f ear j have o f ft gi ves me much trouble: I have
" spoken very plainly to him my apprehension in
" this point, within this hour ; and he hath made as
" fair promises to me as I can wish ; and upon my
" conscience I think he loves you, though he may
" sometimes provoke you to be angry. "

The king here making a pause, the chancellor,
out of countenance, said, " he was very sorry that he
" had ever given his majesty any occasion for such
" an apprehension, but very glad that he had vouch-
" safed to inform him of it ; because he believed he
" should give his majesty such assurance in that
" particular as would fully satisfy him : he assured
" his majesty, that he had a great esteem of the lord
" Colepepper; and though he might have at some
" times passions which were inconvenient, he was
" so confident of himself, that they should not pro-
" voke or disturb him, that he was well content that
" his majesty should condemn, and think him in the
" fault, if any thing should fall out, of prejudice to
" his service, from a difference between them two. "
With which his majesty appeared abundantly satis-
fied and pleased ; and embracing him, gave him his
hand to kiss ; and he immediately went to horse,
and followed the prince : and this was the last time
the chancellor ever saw that gracious and excellent
king.
The cban- It was upon the fourth of March, in the year

cellor at- - /> . , > . -, 11* i /

tends the lt>44, that the prince parted from the king his ta-
thTwest 1 ; ther. He lodged that night at Farringdon, having
first aLauit- mac ' e ^ s j ournev thither in one continued storm of
ed by the ra j n from the minute he left Oxford ; and from

gout.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 231

thence went the next day to the garrison of the De- FART
vizes ; and the third to the city of Bath ; which be-



ing a safe place, and within seven or eight miles of 1645 -
Bristol, he stayed there two or three days. And in
this journey the chancellor was first assaulted with
the gout, having never had the least apprehension
of it before ; but from his coming to Bath, he was
not able to stand, and so went by coach to Bristol ;
where in few days he recovered that first lameness,
which ever after afflicted him too often. And so the
year 1644 ended, which shall conclude this part.

^ November 6, 1669-



Q 4



THE LIFE

OF

EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON;

FROM HIS BIRTH TO THE RESTORATION OF THE
ROYAL FAMILY IN THE YEAR 1660.



PART IV.



A VERY particular memorial 'of all material af- PART

IV

fairs in the west, during the subsequent year of.



1645, during the prince's residence in the west 1645 -
The state and temper of that country, after the de-
feat of his majesty's army at Naseby The several
plots and devices of the lord Goring, to get the
prince into his power The debauchery of that army
and amongst the officers of it, and the defeats it
suffered from the enemy through that debauchery
Goring's departure out of the kingdom, and the pos-
ture he left his army in The beating up of their
quarters afterwards- The entering of Fairfax into
the west with his army ; and his sudden taking the
towns there The mutinous behaviour of sir Richard
Greenvil, and the quarrels and conflicts between the
troops under his command with those under the
lord Goring The prince's retreat by degrees back-
ward into Cornwall, as Fairfax advanced The seve-
ral messages and orders from the king, for the trans-



234, THE LIFE OF

PART porting the prince out of England, and all the di-
rections and resolutions thereupon; and the several
messages from the queen and the earl of St. Alban's;
with the assurance of a supply of six thousand foot,
under the command of Ruvignie, promised confi-
dently to be landed in Cornwall within- one month,
when there was not any such thing in nature, nor
one company raised, or ship in readiness, or in view

1646. for such an expedition, &c. The king's obliging
the lord Hopton to take charge of those broken and
dissolute troops The commitment of sir Richard
Greenvil, for not submitting to be commanded by
him, and for endeavouring to raise a party in the
country to treat with the enemy for the security
and neutrality of Cornwall, and the routing the lord
Hopton's troops at Torrington The prince's retreat
thereupon to Pendennis; and the factions and con-
spiracies between some of his own servants, and
some gentlemen of the country, to hinder the prince
from going out of the kingdom ; and the departure
of his highness from Pendennis, in the end of that
year 1645 % and his arrival in the island of Scilly, is
contained in papers, orderly and methodically set
down ; which papers and relation are not now
at hand, but are safe, and will be easily found;
together with his highness's stay in the island of
Scilly: from whence, the next day, the lord Cole-
pepper was despatched with letters to the queen to
Paris, to give notice of his highness's being in that
island ; and to desire money, arms, and ammunition
for the defence thereof: and at the same time an-
other vessel was sent into Ireland, to give the mar-

a in the end of that year 1645] Namely, Old Style.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 235

quis of Ormond likewise information of it, and to PART
desire that two companies of foot might be sent thi- '
ther, to increase that garrison, and to defend it, in
case the enemy should attack it His highness's stay
in Scilly near six weeks, until the lords Capel and
Hopton came thither, after they had made condi-
tions for the disbanding their troops with Fairfax ;
which Goring's troops made it necessary to do ; they
not only refusing to obey all orders, but mingling
every day with the troops of the enemy, and re-
maining quietly together in the same quarters,
drinking and making merry with each other The
report of a fleet designed from the parliament for
Scilly, and those lords viewing the island, and not
looking upon it as tenable, caused a new consulta-
tion to be held, whether it were fit for his highness
to remain there, till the return of the lord Colepep-
per, or to remove sooner ; and whither he should
remove ; the frigate which brought the prince from
Pendennis being still kept in readiness at Scilly,
upon the foresight that his remove might come to
be necessary That upon this consultation it was
resolved, that it would not be safe for his highness
to remain there, but that he should transport him-
self from thence into the island of Jersey ; which
was done accordingly And his highness's arrival
there about the beginning of April, 1645 The
prince's reception in Jersey, by sir George Carteret ;
and the universal joy of the island for his arrival ;
with the situation and strength of the island The
lord Digby's arrival in Jersey, with two frigates
from Ireland, and with two hundred soldiers ; hav-
ing been at Scilly, and there heard of his highness's
departure for Jersey His earnest advice for the



236 THE LIFE OF

PART prince's going for Ireland; and when he could not

! obtain his highness's consent, till the return of the

C46 ' lord Colepepper, his going to Paris, to persuade the
queen, and to protest against the prince's going for
France ; against which he inveighed with more pas-
sion than any man The arrival of Mr. Thomas
Jermyn from Paris, with very positive orders for
the prince's repair thither, from the queen And
shortly after, the lord Colepepper's arrival, who
had been despatched from her majesty -to return to
Scilly, before she knew of his highness's remove
from thence; which advertisement overtook the
lord Colepepper at Havre de Grace, after he was
embarked; and so he bent his course thither, and
had the same orders for the prince's going to Paris,
as Mr. Jermyn had likewise brought.

There was none of the council inclined that his
highness, being in a place of unquestionable safety,
should suddenly depart from thence, till the state
and condition in which his majesty was, and his
pleasure might be known : it was then understood
that his majesty had left Oxford, and was with the
Scottish army before Newark ; which he had caused
to be rendered, that the army might retire ; which
it presently did, and the king in it, to Newcastle :
the prince was yet in his father's -dominions ; some
places in England still holding out, as Oxford, Wor-
cester, Pendennis, and other places ; that it would
be easy, in a short time, to understand the king's
pleasure, and that there could be no inconvenience
in expecting it, the prince's person being in no pos-
sible danger; but that the mischief might be very
great, if, without the king's direction, it were done,
whether his majesty should be well or ill treated by



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 237

the Scots; and that the parliament might make it PART
a new matter of reproach against the king, that iie



had sent the heir apparent of the crown out of the
kingdom ; which could be no otherwise excused, at
least by those who attended him, than by evident
and apparent necessity : those reasons appeared of
so much weight to the prince himself, (who had not
a natural inclination to go into France,) and to all
the council, that the lord Capel and the lord Cole-
pepper were desired to go to Paris, to satisfy the
queen why the prince had deferred yielding a pre-
sent obedience to her command.

The treatment they received at Paris, and their
return again to Jersey, together with the lord Jer-
myn and lord Digby, and some other persons of
quality: the lord Digby being to return to Ireland
with eight thousand pistoles, which the cardinal sent
towards the supply of the king's service there ; and
being by it and the cardinal so throughly convinced
of the necessity of the prince's going for France, that
he was more positive for it than any of the rest ; and
had promised the queen that he would convert the
chancellor, and make him consent to it ; with whom
he had a great friendship The debate at Jersey
upon their coming back The lord Capel adhering
to his former opinion, that we might first know the
king's opinion ; towards the receiving of which he
had offered the queen, and now offered again, to go
himself to Newcastle, where the king still was ; no-
body knowing what would be the issue of the con-
troversy between the Scots and the parliament ; and
if the king should direct it, every man would will-
ingly attend his highness, and punctually observe
whatsoever the king commanded ; and because the



238 THE LIFE OF EDWARD &c.

PART objection might be removed, of his being taken pri-
. soner by the parliament, or his being not suffered



1646. by the Scots to speak with the king, he" did offer,
and all who were of his opinion consented to it, that
if he did not return to Jersey within one month,
the prince should pursue the queen's orders, and
every man would attend his highness into France ;
and a month's delay could be of no ill consequence
The prince's resolution to go presently for Paris
and the reasons which moved the lords Capel and
Hopton, and the chancellor, to excuse themselves
and his highness's permission to remain in Jersey ;
from whence they would attend his commands, when
he had any service for them And the sudden re-
servedness and strangeness that grew between those
who advised the going, and those who were for stay-
ing and the prince's embarking himself for France
about July, in the year 1646

All these particulars are so exactly remembered
in those papers, remaining in a cabinet easy to be
found, that they will quickly be put into a method ;
and contain enough to be inserted in the fourth part
of this relation.

Montpelier, November 9, 1669-

N. B. These materials were afterwards made
use of by the author, when he completed the
History of the Rebellion, where these occur-
rences are treated of more at large.



THE LIFE

OF

EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON ;

FROM HIS BIRTH TO THE RESTORATION OF THE
ROYAL FAMILY IN THE YEAR 160.



PART V.



AHE prince having left Jersey about July in the PART
year 1646, the chancellor of the exchequer remained
there about two years after; where he presently be- 164 6.

* . J The chan-

took himself to his study; and enjoyed, as he wasceiiorofthe
wont to say, the greatest tranquillity of mind imagin- residence' at
able. Whilst the lords Capel and Hopton stayed jersey '
there, they lived and kept house together in St.
Hilary's ; which is the chief town of the island :
where, having a chaplain of their own, they had
prayers every day in the church, at eleven of the
clock in the morning ; till which hour they enjoyed
themselves in their chambers, according as they
thought fit ; the chancellor betaking himself to the
continuance of the History, which he had begun at
Scilly, and spending most of his time at that exercise.
The other two walked, or rode abroad, or read, as
they were disposed ; but at the hour of prayers they
always met; and then dined together at the lord
Hopton's lodging, which was the best house ; they



240 THE LIFE OF

being lodged at several houses, with convenience

enough. Their table was maintained at their joint

expense only for dinners ; they never using to sup ;
but met always upon the sands in the evening to
walk, often going to the castle to sir George Carte-
ret ; who treated them with extraordinary kindness
and civility, and spent much time with them ; and,
in truth, the whole island shewed great affection to
them, and all the persons of quality invited them to
their houses, to very good entertainments ; and all
other ways expressed great esteem towards them 3 .
He writes ^ n( jf f rom Ji enc e theu writ a joint letter to the

from thence 9

to the king. & fl^, which they sent to him by Mr. Fanshaw; in
which they made great profession of their duty to
his majesty, and their readiness to proceed in his
service, and to wait upon the prince upon the first
occasion; with such reasons for their not attending
him into France, as they thought could not but be
satisfactory to his majesty; declaring, that they
had only desired that he would stay so long in a
place of his own, of unquestionable security, as
that they might receive the signification of his ma-
jesty's pleasure for his remove ; upon which they
were all resolved to have waited upon him : though
it was evident enough to them, that their advice
would be no longer hearkened unto, after his high-
ness should arrive with the queen.

1647. In England, men's hopes and fears were raised
according to their tempers ; for there was argument
for both affections in the transactions and occur-
rences of every day; it being no easy matter to make

a towards them] MS. adds: against any attempt the parlia-
and appeared very . unanimous ment should make against it
and resolute to defend the island



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 241

a judgment which party would prevail, nor what PART
they would do if they did. The lord Capel received '
advice from his friends in England, to remove from 164 ^-
Jersey into some part of the United Provinces ; that
so, being in a place to which there could be no pre-
judice, his friends might the more hopefully solicit
for liberty for him to return into his own country,
and that he might live in his own house; which
they had reason to hope would not be denied to a
person who had many friends, and could not be con-
ceived to have any enemies, his person being wor-
thily esteemed by all. Whereupon, with the full
concurrence and advice of his two friends, from
whom he had great tenderness to part, and with
whom he renewed his contract of friendship at part-
ing in a particular manner, upon foresight of what
might happen; he went from thence, and first waited
upon the prince at Paris, that he might have his
royal highness's approbation for his return into
England, if he might do it upon honourable condi-
tions : and from thence, with all possible demonstra-
tion of grace from the prince, he transported him-
self to Middleburgh in Zealand ; where he remained
till his friends procured liberty for him to return,
and remain at his own house. The worthy and
noble things he did after, deserve b to be transmitted
to posterity in some more illustrious testimony, that
may be worthy to be recorded.

The lord Capel thus leaving Jersey, the lord
Hopton and the chancellor remained still there, in
the same conjunction, until, some few months after,
the lord Hopton received the news of the death of

b deserve] will be mentioned in order, and deserve
VOL. I. R



242 THE LIFE OF

PART his wife, and of the arrival in France of his uncle,
v ' sir Arthur Hopton ; who, having been ambassador



1647. from the king in Spain, had left that court, and
retired to Paris ; from whence he shortly after re-
moved to Rouen, with a purpose, as soon as he had
at large conferred with his nephew, to go into Eng-
land, for the good and benefit of both their fortunes:
and upon this occasion the lord Hopton likewise left
Jersey, with all possible professions of an entire
friendship to the chancellor, which was never vio-
lated in the least degree to his death. And the
chancellor being thus left alone, he was with great
And re- civility and friendship invited by sir George Carteret

moves to sir /i*iiiiii

George car- to remove from the town, (where he had lived with
his friends till then,) and to live with him in the
castle Elizabeth; whither he went the next day
after the departure of the lord Hopton, and remain-
ed there, to his wonderful contentment, in the very
cheerful society of sir George Carteret and his lady ;
in whose house he received all the liberty and enter-
tainment he could have expected in his own family ;
of which he always retained so just a memory, that
there was never any intermission or decay of that
friendship he then made : and he remained there till
he was sent for again to attend the prince, which
will be mentioned in its time.

He built a lodging in the castle, of two or three
convenient rooms, to the wall of the church, which
sir George Carteret had repaired and beautified ;
and over the door of his lodging he set up his arms,
with this inscription, JSene vixit, qui bene latuit:
and he always took pleasure in relating, with what
great tranquillity of spirit (though deprived of the
joy he took in his wife and children) he spent his



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 243

time here, amongst his books (which he got from PART
Paris) and his papers ; between which he seldom !



spent less than ten hours in the day: and it

* Where he

hardly be believed how much he read and writ wriles the

i . ,. History of

there ; insomuch as he did usually compute, that the Tnm-
during his whole stay in Jersey, which was some
months above two years, he writ daily little less
than one sheet of large paper with his own hand;
most of which are still to be seen amongst his
papers.

From Hampton Court, his majesty writ to the
chancellor of the exchequer with his own hand ; in
which he took notice, that he was writing the His-
tory of the late Troubles; for which he thanked
him, saying, that he knew no man could do it so
well; and that he would not do it the worse, by the Towards
helps that he would very speedily send him : (as his king im-



majesty shortly after did, in two manuscripts very "1"
fairly written, containing all matters of importance ^ s ^^ o
that had passed from the time that the prince of )645and

1646.

Wales went from his majesty into the west, to the
very time that his majesty himself went from Ox-
ford to the Scottish army ; which were all the pas-
sages in the years 1645 and 1646. ) He used many
gracious expressions in that letter to him ; and said,
he looked upon him as one of those who had served
him with most fidelity, and therefore he might be
confident of his kindness ; and that he would bring
him to him with the first ; though, he said, he did
not hold him to be infallible, as he might discern by
what he had commanded Dr. Sheldon, who was then
clerk of his closet, to write to him ; and at the same

c daily] Omitted in MS.
R 2



244 THE LIFE OF

PART time the doctor writ him word, that the king was



sorry that he, the chancellor, stayed at Jersey, and
647 ' did not attend the prince into France ; and that if
he had been there, he would have been able to have
prevented the vexation his majesty had endured at
Newcastle, by messages from Paris.

The doctor likewise sent him word, that great
pains had been taken from Paris to incense the king
against him ; but that it had so little prevailed, that
his majesty had with some sharpness reprehended
those who blamed him, and had justified the chan-
cellor. He made haste to answer his majesty's letter,
and gave him so much satisfaction, that his majesty
said, he was too hard for him. And about the same
time the lord Capel came into England ; and though
he was under security to the parliament for behaving
himself peaceably, he was not -restrained from seeing
the king ; and so gave him a very particular infor-
mation of all that had passed at Jersey ; and many
other things, of which his majesty had never been
informed before ; which put it out of any body's
power to make any ill impressions in him towards
the chancellor.

Upon the king's refusing to give his assent to
the four acts sent to him from the parliament when
he was in the Isle of Wight, they voted, " that no
" more addresses should be made to the king;"
and jmblisked a declaration to that effect, which
contained severe charges against his majesty. Vid.
Hist. Reb. 8vo. vol. v. p. 512. &c.

cnance ll r f tne exchequer no sooner re-



ceiior of ceived a copy of it in Jersey, than he prepared a very

the exche- .

quer writes large and full answer to it ; in which he made the
iShes U an malice and the treason of that libellous declaration



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 245

to appear; and his majesty's innocence in all the PART
particulars charged upon him, with such pathetical _____



applications and insinuations, as were most like to

answer to

work upon the affections of the people : all which the pariia-

i r ** n ment's de-

transmitted (by the care of Mr. Secretary ciaration of



Nicholas, who resided at Caen in Normandy,
held a constant correspondence with the chancellor)
to a trusty hand in London ; who caused it to be
well printed and divulged, and found means to send
it to the king : who, after he had read it, said he
durst swear it was writ by the chancellor, if it
were not that there was more divinity in it than he
expected from him, which made him believe he
had conferred with Dr. Steward. But some months
after, being informed by secretary Nicholas, he sent
the chancellor thanks for it ; and expressed upon all
occasions, that he was much pleased with that vindi-
cation.

The lord Capel had written to the chancellor of
the exchequer, who remained still in Jersey, sig-
nifying the king's commands, that as soon as the
chancellor 'should be required to wait upon the
prince, he should without delay obey the summons.
The king had writ to the queen, that when it should
be necessary for the prince to remove out of France,
the chancellor should have notice oj it, and be re-
quired to attend him. About the beginning of
April, in the year 1648, the lord Capel writ again
to the chancellor, giving him notice, that he would
probably be sent for soon, and desiring him to be
ready. About the middle of May, the queen sent
to the chancellor of the exchequer to Jersey, com-
manding, that he would , wait upon the prince at
Pdris, upon a day that was past before the letter

R 3



246 THE LIFE OF

PART came to his hands ; but as soon as he received the
summons, he immediately transported himself into



1 648. Normandy, and went to Caen ; from thence he hast-
ened to Rouen, where he found the lord Cottington,
the earl of Bristol, and secretary Nicholas, who
had received the same commands. They were in-
formed that the prince was passed by towards
Calais ; and direction was sent, that the chancellor
and the rest should stay at Rouen till they should
receive new orders from Calais. Within few days
they received advice, that the prince had put
himself on board a ship that he found at Calais
bound for Holland, where they were to hear from
him; whereupon they removed from Rouen to
Dieppe ; from whence they might embark for Hol-
land when required. Vid. Hist. Reb. 8vo. vol. vi.
p. 20. &c.

After the lord Cottington, the earl of Bristol,
and the chancellor of the exchequer had stayed at
Dieppe some days, and were confirmed by reports
every day that the prince was in Holland, and
that the fleet wanted some provisions, without which
it could not put out to sea ; they resolved to make
use of the first vessel, of which there were many
then in the harbour, that should be bound for Hol-
land, and to transport themselves thither ; and there
was one which within two or three days would
set out for Flushing. The earl of Bristol had
no mind to venture himself in such a vessel ; and
since the fleet that had declared for the king was
then in Holland, he apprehended that the parlia-
ment might have other vessels abroad, that might
easily seize upon that small bark ; and so, after some
debate with the lord Cottington, (they two being



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 247

seldom of one mind,) the earl resolved to return PART

v.
to his old habitation at Caen, and expect another.



occasion.
] fi48 '

The chancellor, who knew nothing of the sea, nor
understood the hazards thereof, (being always so 'af-
flicted upon that element with sickness, that he con-
sidered nothing about it ; and holding himself obliged
to make what haste he could to the prince,) com-
mitted himself entirely to the lord Cottington : and
when they resolved to embark themselves in the ves-
sel bound for Flushing, a French man of war, which
was called the king's ship, came into the road of
Dieppe, and offered to carry them the next day to
Dunkirk ; which they took to be the safer passage :
and so giving the captain as much money as he de-TFiechan-
manded, they put themselves upon his miserable fri- exchequer e
gate, where they had no accommodations but the
open deck ; and were safely set on shore at Dunkirk,
where marshal Ranzaw was then governor. And
they no sooner landed in the evening, but Carteret,
a servant of the prince's, came to them, and in-
formed them, that the prince was entered the
river of Thames with the fleet; and that he was
sent by his highness to the marshal for a frigate,
which he had offered to lend the prince : and that
he had delivered the letter, and the marshal (who
had been out all the night before upon a design
upon the enemy, and was newly arrived, and gone
to bed) had promised him that the frigate should be
ready the next day. This seemed an extraordinary
good fortune to them, that they might now embark
directly for the fleet without going into Holland,
which they were willing to avoid ; and so resolved
to speak with the marshal as soon as they could,

ll 4



248 THE LIFE OF

PART that they might be confirmed by him, that his fri-
. gate should be ready the next day ; and thereupon



1648. sent a serv ant to wait at the marshal's lodging, that
they might know when he waked, and was to be
spoken with.

The marshal had notice of their arrival before the
servant came to him, and of their desire to go to the
prince ; and sent one of his officers to welcome them
to the town, and to see them well accommodated with
lodging; and to excuse him, that he did not wait
upon them that night, by reason of the fatigue he
had undergone the night before, and that day ; and
to oblige them to dine with him the next day, against
which time the vessel would be made ready to re-
ceive them, and transport them to the prince's fleet ;
with which they were abundantly satisfied ; and be-
took themselves to their rest for that night : and
were early up the next morning to see the marshal ;
but it was late before he rose.

He received them with great civility, being a very
proper man, of a most extraordinary presence and
aspect, and might well be reckoned a very hand-
some man, though he had but one leg, one hand, one
eye, and one ear, the other being cut off with that
side of his face ; besides many other cuts on the
other cheek, and upon his head, with many wounds
in the body ; notwithstanding all which, he stood
very upright, and had a very graceful motion, a
clear voice, and a charming delivery ; and if he had
not, according to the custom of his nation, (for he
was a German,) too much indulged to the excess of
wine, he had been one of the most excellent captains
of that age. He professed great affection to the
prince, and much commended the frigate he in-



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 249

tended to send to him ; which, for the swiftness of it, PART

was called the Hare, and outsailed, as he said, all !

the vessels of that coast: and after he had treated 1648 *

them with a very excellent and a jovial dinner, about

four of the clock in the afternoon he brought them And from

. , i i n thence for

to their boat, that put them on board their frigate ; the prince's
which was but a small vessel of twenty guns, much
inferior to what they expected, by the description
the marshal had made of it. However, it was very
proper for the use they were to make of it, to be de-
livered at the fleet ; and so, the moon shining very
fair, they weighed anchor about sunset, with a very
small gale of wind.

The prince being master at sea, they had no man-
ner of apprehension of an enemy; not knowing or con-
sidering that they were very near Ostend, and so, in
respect of the vessel they were in, liable to be made
a prize by those men of war ; as it fell out : for about
break of day, in a dead calm, they found themselves
pursued by six or seven ships, which, as they drew
nearer, were known by the seamen to be the frigates
of Ostend. There was no hope to escape by the
swiftness of -the vessel, for there was not the least
breath of wind ; and it was to no purpose to resist ;
for, besides that the vessel was not half manned, four
or five of the pursuers were stronger ships ; so that
it was thought best to let the sails fall, that they
might see there was no purpose of resistance ; and
to send Carteret in the boat, to inform the ships who
the persons were that were on board, and that they
had a pass from the archduke : for an authentic
copy of a pass the archduke had sent to the prince,
had been sent to them. All the ships, though they
had the king of Spain's commission, were freebooters,



250 THE LIFE OF

PART belonging to private owners, who observed no rules
! or laws of nations ; but they boarded the vessel with



1 / their swords drawn and pistols cocked, and without

But is taken

by some fri- any distinction plundered all the passengers with

gates of

ostend ; equal rudeness ; save that they stripped some of the
servants to their very shirts : they used not the rest
with that barbarity, being satisfied with taking all
they had in their pockets, and carefully examined
all their valises and trunks, in which they found
good booty.

The lord Cottington lost in money and jewels
above one thousand pounds ; the chancellor, in mo-
ney about two hundred pounds, and all his clothes
and linen ; and sir George Ratcliff and Mr. Wans-
ford, who were in the company, above five hundred

and carried pounds in money and jewels. And having pillaged
iatport 'them in this manner, they carried them all, with the
frigate they had been in, prisoners to Ostend ; where
they arrived about two of the clock in the afternoon ;
all the men and women of the town being gathered
together to behold the prize that was brought in
within so few hours : for intelligence had been sent
from Dunkirk the night before, (according to the
custom and good intelligence observed in those
places,) of the going out of this vessel, which had
such persons on board. When they were on shore,
they were carried through all the spectators to a
common inn ; from whence they sent to the ma-
gistrates, to inform them of what condition they
were, and of the injuries they had received, by hav-
ing been treated as enemies ; and demanded resti-
tution of ship and goods.

The magistrates, who were called the lords of the
admiralty, came presently to them ; and when they



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 251

were fully informed of the whole matter, and had PART
seen the archduke's pass, they seemed very much '



troubled; and with much civility assured them, that
they should not only receive all that had been taken
from them, but that the men should be severely pu-
nished for their transgression. They immediately He is set at
discharged those guards that kept them as prisoners, promised"
and provided the best lodgings in the town for them : satisfaction -
and because it was growing towards the evening,
and the frigates were not yet come in, they excused
themselves that they could do no more that night,
but promised to go themselves on board the ships
the next morning early ; and desired that some of
the gentlemen of their company might go with them,
to the end that they might discover at least some of
those who had been most rude towards them ; who
should be sure to be imprisoned till full satisfaction
were made by the rest.

As soon as the lords of the admiralty were gone,
the governor, an old Spaniard, came to visit them,
with all professions of civility and service, and seemed
to abhor the barbarity with which they had been
treated ; asked very particularly of the manner of
them, and of every particular that had been taken
from them ; and told them, they should be sure to
have it all returned ; for that they did not trouble
themselves in such cases to find out the seamen who
were the plunderers, but resorted always to the
owners of the ships, who lived in the town, and
were substantial men, and bound to answer and sa-
tisfy for all misdemeanours committed by the com-
pany ; and said, he would be with them the next
day, and take care that all should be done that was
just. These professions and assurances made them



252 THE LIFE OF

PART believe that they should receive full reparation for
the damages they had received; and the lord Cot-



1648. tington began to commend the good order and dis-
cipline that was observed under the Spanish govern-
ment, much different from that in other places ; and
in how much better condition they were, after such
usage, to be brought into Ostend, than if they had
been so used by the French, and carried into any of
their ports.

The next morning two of the lords of the admi-
ralty called upon them in their way to the ships,
retaining the same professions they had made the
night before ; and sir George Ratcliff, Mr. Wans-
ford, and some of their servants accompanied them
according to their desire ; and as soon as they were
on board the admiral's vessel, that had brought them
in, and had taken them out of their own, they knew
some of those seamen who had been most busy
about them ; which were immediately seized on and
searched ; and about some of them some pieces of
chains of gold, and other things of value belonging
to the lord Cottington were found ; and some mails,
in which were linen and clothes ; all which were pre-
sently restored and delivered to some of the servants
who were present, and brought them to their mas-
ters. The chancellor was more solicitous for some
papers he had lost, than for his money ; and he was
used to say, that he looked upon it as a singular act
of Providence, that those officers prevailed with a
seaman, who had taken it out of his pocket, to re-
store a little letter which he had lately received from
the king whilst he was in the hands of the army ;
which, for the grace and kindness contained in it,
he did ever exceedingly value.



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 253

Those of the admiralty, though they had not yet PART
found out either any. of the jewels or money of which
they had been robbed, thought they had done enough
for the morning, and so returned to dinner ; declar-
ing that they would return in the afternoon ; and
directed the ships to be drawn nearer together, to
the end they might visit them together : and they
did return in the afternoon, accompanied as before,
but their reception by the seamen was not as in the
morning. The captains answered those questions
which were asked of them negligently and scorn-
fully ; and those seamen who had been searched in
the morning, and were appointed to be produced in
the afternoon to be further examined, could not be
found ; and instead of bringing the ships nearer to-
gether, some of them were gone more out to sea;
and the rest declared, that they would go all out to
sea that night : and when the magistrates seemed to
threaten them, they swore they would throw both
them and all who came with them overboard ; and
offered to lay hands upon them in order to it ; so
that they were all glad to get off; and returned to
the town, talking loud what vengeance they would
take upon the captains and seamen when they re-
turned again into port, (for they already stood out
to sea in their sight ;) and in the mean time they
would prosecute the owners of the vessels, who
should satisfy for the damage received: but from
this time the governor nor the lords of the admiralty
cared to come near them ; and they quickly found
that the reason of all the governor's civility the first
night, and the many questions he had asked con-
cerning all the particulars they had lost of any kind,
was only to be the better informed, to demand his



254 THE LIFE OF

PART share from the seamen ; and that the lords of the
v.

admiralty were the owners of the several vessels, or



C48< had shares in them, and in the victualling, and so

were to divide the spoil, which they pretended

But cannot should be restored. So that after they had remained

obtain it.

there four or five days, they were contented to
receive one hundred pistoles for discharging the
debts they had contracted in the town, (for there
was not any money left amongst them,) and to carry
them to the prince ; which those of the admiralty
pretended to have received from some of the own-
ers, and to wait for further justice when the ships
should return, which they doubted not should be
effectually called for by the commands of the arch-
duke, when he should be informed: and so they
prosecuted their journey to the prince, making their
way by Bruges, and from thence by the way of
Sluys to Flushing : and those hundred pistoles were
the only recompense that they ever received for that
affront and damage they had sustained, which in
the whole amounted to two thousand pounds at the
least ; though the king's resident, De Vic, at Brus-
sels prosecuted the pretence with the archduke as
long as there was any hope.

The chancellor was often used to relate an obser-
vation that was generally made and discoursed at
Ostend at that time, that never any man who ad-
ventured in setting out those frigates of rapine,
which are called men of war, or in victualling or
bearing any share in them, died rich, or possessed
of any valuable estate : and that as he walked one
morning about the town and upon the quay with an
English officer, who was a lieutenant in that garri-
son, they saw a poor old man walk by them, whom



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 255

the lieutenant desired the chancellor to observe; PART
and when he was passed by, he told him, that he



had known that man the richest of any man in the 1648 *
town ; that he had been the owner of above ten
ships of war at one time, without any partner or
sharer with him ; that he had had in his ware-
houses in the town as much goods and merchandise
together as amounted to the value of one hundred
thousand pounds, within seven years before the time
he was then speaking ; and after the loss of two or
three frigates, he insensibly decayed so fast, that
having begun to build another frigate, which he
shewed him as they walked, and which lay then not
half finished, he was not able to go through with it ;
and that he was at that time so poor, that he had
not wherewith to maintain him, but received the
charity of those who had known him in a plentiful
estate : and this relation he made in confirmation of
that discourse and observation ; and it made so deep
an impression upon the chancellor, that afterwards,
when the war was between England, and Holland,
and France, and when many gentlemen thought it
good husbandry to adventure in the setting out
such ships of war, he always dissuaded his friends
from that traffic, relating to them this story, of the
truth whereof he had such evidence ; and did in
truth moreover in his own judgment believe, that
all engagements of that kind were contrary to the
rules of justice and a good conscience,

When they came to Flushing, they thought it He goes to
best to stay there, as the most' likely place to have
commerce with the fleet ; and they found there co-
lonel William Vavasour, who had, by the prince's
commission, drawn some companies of foot together,



256 THE LIFE OF

PART and expected some vessel to be sent from the fleet
for their transportation ; and Carteret was already



1648. despatched, to inform the prince of what had be-
fallen the treasurer and chancellor, and that they
waited his commands at Flushing : and because Mid-
dleburgh would be as convenient to receive intelli-
gence, and more convenient for their accommoda-

m thence tion, they removed thither, and took a private lodg-

to Middle- t J

burgh. ing ; where, by having a cook, and other servants,
they might make their own provisions. They had
been at Middleburgh very few days, before the Hind
frigate was sent by the prince to bring them to the
fleet, with direction that they should make as much
haste as was possible ; and they had no occasion to
delay, but the wind was so directly against them for
two or three days, that they could not put them-
selves on board. It was now about the middle of



attend the T . , -i / 11

prince in July, when the wind appeared fair, and they pre-



sently embarked, and weighed anchor, and sailed all
s driven the night; but in the morning the wind changed,
and blew so hard a gale, that they were compelled
to turn about, and came before night again to Flush-
ing; whence they endeavoured three times more to
get into the Downs, from whence they might easily
have got to the fleet; but as often as they put to
sea, so often they were driven back, and once with
so violent a storm that their ship was in danger,
and was driven in under the Ramekins, a fort near
the mouth of the river that goes to Middleburgh ;
whither they again repaired : and the winds were
so long contrary, that they received order from the
prince to repair into Holland ; for that his highness
resolved within very few days, it being now tow'ards
the end of August, to carry the fleet thither ; as he



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 257

shortly after did. And by this means the lord Cot- PART
tington and the chancellor were not able to attend !
the prince whilst he remained with the fleet within IC 48.
the river of Thames ; but were well informed, when
they came to him, of all that had passed there.

The lord Cottington and the chancellor of 'the ex-
chequer, as soon as they received advertisement at
Middleburgh that the prince resolved to return with
the fleet into Holland, made all the haste they could Arrives at

the Hague.

to the Hague ; it being then about the end of Au-
gust; and came thither within one day after the
prince's arrival there.

The next morning after the lord Cottington and
the chancellor of the exchequer came to the Hague,
the prince appointed his council, to meet together,
to receive and deliberate upon a message the lord
Lautherdale had brought from the parliament of
Scotland, earnestly pressing him to repair forth-
with to their army; which was already entered
into England, under the command of the duke of
Hamilton the chancellor reproves the lord Lau-
therdale for his insolent behaviour before the coun-
cil. Vid. Hist, of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 83. &c.

The factions in the prince's family, and the
great animosity which prince Rupert had against
the lord Colepepper, infinitely disturbed the coun-
sels, and perplexed the lord Cottington and the
chancellor of the exchequer Colepepper had pas-
sions and infirmities which no friends could re-
strain ; and prince Rupert, though very well in-
clined to the chancellor, >was absolutely governed
by Herbert the attorney general, who industri-
ously cultivated his prejudice to Colepepper. Hist,
of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 126. &c.

VOL, I. s



258 THE LIFE OF



PART Whilst the prince was at the Hague, he received
the shocking account of the murder of the king his



father ; and soon after, the queen wrote to him
from Paris, advising him to repair into France as
soon as possible, and desiring him not to swear any
persons to be of his council, till she could speak
with him: but before he received her letter, he had
already caused those of his father's council who
had attended him to be sworn of his privy council;
adding only Mr. Long his secretary. He had no
mind to go into France ; and it was evident that he
could not be long able to reside at the Hague, an
agent from the parliament being there at that very
time: so that it was time to think of some other re-
treat. Ireland was then thought most advisable ;
some favourable accounts having 1 been received
from thence of the transactions of the marquis of
Ormond and lord Inchiquin, arid of the arrival of
prince Rupert at Kinsale with the Jleet. Hist, of
the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 277- &c.

The chancellor of the exchequer was sent to con-
fer with the marquis of Mountrose in a village
near the Hague upon the state of affairs in Scot-
land. The marquis came now into Holland to
offer his service to his majesty ; expecting that he
would presently send him to Scotland with some
forces, to prepare the way for his majesty to follow
after. Hist, of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 286. &c.

The king declared his resolution of going into
Ireland, and preparations were made for that ex-
pedition; which however, from accidents that af-
terwards fett out, did not take effect. The lord
Cottington, wishing to avoid the fatigue of such
expeditions, took that occasion to confer with the



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 259

chancellor of the exchequer upon the expediency of PART
the king's sending an embassy into Spain ; and.



proposed, that himself and the chancellor should ] 649>
be appointed ambassadors to that court ; to which
the chancellor consented: and upon the lord Cot-
tingtori's representation of the matter to the king,
his majesty soon after publicly declared his resolu-
tion to send those two, ambassadors extraordinary
into Spain. Hist, of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 309. &c.

This was no sooner known, but all kind of people, The mur-

. i i i 11 mursofthe

who agreed in nothing else, murmured and com- court on his
plained of this counsel; and the more, because it p oinfed P a"m-
had never been mentioned or debated in council.
Only the Scots were very glad of it, (Mountrose
excepted,) believing that when the chancellor was
gone, their beloved covenant would not be so irre-
verently mentioned; and that the king would be
wrought upon to withdraw all countenance and fa-
vour from the marquis of Mountrose ; and the mar-
quis himself looked upon it as a deserting him, and
complying with the other party : and from that
time, though they lived with civility towards each
other, he withdrew very much of his confidence,
which he had formerly reposed in him. They who
loved him were sorry for him and themselves ; they
thought he deserted a path he had long trod, and
was well acquainted with ; and was henceforward
to move " extra sphaeram activitatis," in an office he
had not been acquainted with ; and then they should
want his credit to support and confirm them in the
king's favour and grace : and there were many who
were very sorry when they heard it, out of par-
ticular duty to the king; who, being young, they

s 2



260 THE LIFE OF

PART thought might be without that counsel and advertise-
ment, which they knew well he would still admin-



1649> istertohim.

No man was more angry and offended with the
counsel than the lord Colepepper, who would have
been very glad to have gone himself in the employ-
ment, if he could have persuaded the lord Cotting-
ton to have accepted his company ; which he would
by no means do ; and though he and the chancellor
were not thought to have the greatest kindness for
each other, yet he knew he could agree with no other
man so well in business ; and was very unwilling he
His own should be from the person of the king. But the

content in

that office, chancellor himself, from the time that the king had
signified his own pleasure to him, was exceedingly
pleased with the commission ; and did believe that
he should in some degree improve his understand-
ing, and very much refresh his spirits, by what he
should learn by the one, and by his absence from
being continually conversant with those wants which
could never be severed from that court, and that
company which would be always corrupted by those
wants. And so he sent for his wife and children to
meet him at Antwerp, where he intended they should
reside whilst he continued in Spain, and where they
were like to find some civilities in respect of his em-
ployment.

The ambassadors took leave of the king before
the middle of May. , and went to Antwerp, where
the chancellor's wife and family were arrived,, who
were to remain there during his embassy After
staying two or three days at Antwerp, they went
to Brussels, to deliver their credentials to the arch-



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 261

duke and to the duke of Lor rain, and to visit the PART
Spanish ministers there, &c. Hist, of the Reb. 8vo.



vol. vi. p. 325. ]649 -

When the ambassadors had despatched all their
business at Brussels, they returned to Antwerp, to
negociate the remittance of their money to Madrid,
Hist, of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 328.

The queen is much displeased that the king had
taken any resolutions before she was consulted,
and imputed all that had been done principally
to the chancellor of the exchequer; suspecting he
meant to exclude her from meddling in the affairs.
Hist, of the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 329.

Lord Cottington and the chancellor, hearing
that the king was on his way to France, resolve to
defer going to St. Germain's till the king's first
interview with the queen should be over. Hist, of
the Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 331.

About a week after the king left Brussels, the
two ambassadors prosecuted their journey to Paris;
stayed only one day there, and then went to St.
Germain's; where the king, and the queen his
mother, with both their families, and the duke of
York then were They found that court full of
jealousy and disorder The queen much troubled
at the king's behaviour to her, as if he had no mind
that she should interfere in his affairs She now
attributes this reservedness of the king towards
her, more to the influence of somebody else than to
the chancellor of the exchequer He had a pri-
vate audience of the queen She complained of the
king's unkindness to her, and of the great credit
Mr. Elliot (one of his majesty's grooms of the

s 3



THE LIFE OF

PART bedchamber) had with the king. Hist, of the Reb.
V ' 8vo. vol. vi. p. 333.



1649. About the middle of September, the king left St.
Germain's, and began his journey towards Jersey,
and the queen removed to Paris The two am-
bassadors attended her majesty thither, and pre<-
pared for their journey into Spain. Hist, of the
Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 354.

The queen During the time of their short stay at Paris, the
at bis* going queen used the chancellor very graciously; but still
) Spam. ex p resse( j trouble that he was sent on that embassy,
which, she said, would be fruitless, as to any ad-
vantage' the king would receive from it ; and, she
said, she must confess, that though she was not con-
fident of his affection and kindness towards her, yet
she believed that he did wish that the king's car-
riage towards her should be always fair and respect-
ful ; and that she did desire that he might be al-
ways about his majesty's person ; not only because
she thought he understood the business of England
better than any body else, but because she knew
that he loved the king, and would always give him
good counsel towards his living virtuously ; and that
she thought he had more credit with him than any
other, who would deal plainly and honestly with
him.

There was a passage at that time, of which he
used to speak often, and looked upon as a great ho-
nour to him. The queen one day, amongst some of
her ladies in whom she had most confidence, ex-
pressed some sharpness towards a lord of the king's
council, whom she named not ; who, she said, al-
ways gave her the fairest words, and promised her



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 263

every thing she desired, and had persuaded her to PART
affect somewhat that she had before no mind to; !



and yet she was well assured, that when the same
was proposed to the king on her behalf, he was the
only man who dissuaded the king from granting it.
Some of the ladies seemed to have the curiosity to
know who it was ; which the queen would not tell :
one of them, who was known to have a friendship
for him, said, she hoped it was not the chancellor ;
to which her majesty replied with some quickness, The queen's

,, . , , . , , , opinion of

that she might be sure it was not he, who was so his sin-
far from making promises, or giving fair words, and centy '
flattering her, that she did verily believe, that " if
" he thought her to be a whore, he would tell her of
" it ;" which when that lady told him, he was not
displeased with the testimony.

The two ambassadors began their journey from
Paris on Michaelmas day, and continued it with-
out one day's rest to Bourdeaux. Hist, of the Reb.
8vo. vol. v. p. 357. V

They continued their journey to Bayonne ; and
from thence to St. Sebastian's; where they were
told by the corregidor that he had received direc-
tions from the secretary of state, to persuade them
to remain there till the king's further pleasure
might be known ; and they received a packet from
sir Benjamin Wright at Madrid, enclosing a pass
for them, under the title of ambassadors from the
prince of Wales. They immediately sent an ex-
press to the court, complaining of their treatment,
and desiring to know whether their persons were
unacceptable to his catholic majesty; and if other-
wise, they desired they might be treated in the
manner due to the honour and dignity of the king

s 4



264 THE LIFE OF

PART their master. They received an answer full of ci-
vility, imputing the error in the style of their pass



1 649 - to the negligence or ignorance of the secretary; and
new passes were sent to them in the proper style;
with assurance, that they should find a very good
welcome from his majesty They left St. Sebas-
tian's about the middle of November. Hist, of the
Reb. 8vo. vol. vi. p. 358. &c.

When they came to Alcavendas, within three
leagues of Madrid, sir Benjamin Wright came to
them, and informed them that all things were in
the state they were when he writ to them at St. Se-
bastian's; that no house was yet prepared for their
reception ; and that there was an evident want of
attention for them in the court ; the Spanish am-
bassador in England having done them ill offices,
lest their good, reception in Spain might incense
the parliament After a week's stay in that little
town, they accepted of sir Benjamin Wrighfs in-
vitation to his house at Madrid; they went pri-
vately thither, to reside incognito The court knew
of their arrival, but took no notice of it Lord
Cottington desired and obtained a private audi-
ence of don Lewis de Haro Don Lewis excused
the omissions towards the ambassadors, on pre-
tence that the fiestas for their new queen's arrival
had engrossed the whole attention of all the officers
about the court ; and promised immediate repara-
tion Lord Cottington returned home well satis-
fied The ambassadors are invited to see the exer-
cises of the fiestas ; and the chancellor accordingly
went to the place assigned. Hist, of the Reb. 8vo.
vol. vi. p. 363. &c.

The masquerade is an exercise they learned from



EDWARD EARL OF CLARENDON. 265



the Moors, performed by squadrons of horse, seem- PART
ing to charge each other with great fierceness, with '
bucklers in their left hands, and a kind of cane in 1649 -

Description

their right; which, when they come within little of the mas-
more than a horse's length, they throw with all the q "
strength they can ; and against them they defend
themselves with very broad bucklers ; and as soon as
they have thrown their darts, they wheel about in a
full gallop, till they can turn to receive the like as-
sault from those whom they had charged ; and so
several squadrons of twenty or five and twenty horse
run round and charge each other. It hath at first
the appearance of a martial exercise ; the horses are
very beautiful, and well adorned ; the men richly
clad, and must be good horsemen, otherwise they
could not conduct d the quick motions and turns of
their horses ; all the rest is too childish, the darts
being nothing else but plain bulrushes of the biggest
growth. After this, they run the course ; which is
like our running at the ring ; save that two run still
together, and the swifter hath the prize ; a post di-
viding them at the end : from the start they run
their horses full speed about fifty paces, and the
judges are at that post to determine who is first at
the end. c

d conduct] obey itself had nothing wonderful.

e who is first at the end. ] Here there happened to be some

Thus continued in MS. : There sudden sharp words between the

the king and don Lewis ran se- admirante of Castile, a haughty

veral courses, in all which don young man, and the marquis de

Lewis was too good a cour- Liche, the eldest son of don

tier to win any prize; though Lewis de Haro ; the which being

he always lost it by very little, taken notice of, they were both

The appearance of the people dismissed the squadrons where-

was very great, and the ladies in they were, and committed to

in all the windows made a very their chambers. See pp. 369,

rich show, otherwise the show 370. vol. vi.