: the amount of the war-tax
varied according to circumstances; cp.
varied according to circumstances; cp.
Demosthenese - First Philippic and the Olynthiacs
rd.
81"].
60'10.
xpfipa-ra.
Steve'pov'ro).
The modern idea Of a
surplus is the yearly balance of revenue over expenditure; but there is
no trace of any yearly budget at Athens, nor evidence of any actual dis-
tribution of a surplus. At all times there were the ordinary expenses to
be met, the yearly charges for the necessary outlay on the peace administra-
tion, the maintenance of the defences of Attica, and (in case of war) the
expenses of war. Besides this, there was at all times a certain expenditure
on public amusements. The amount so spent must have been only a
question of degree. The general consensus of ancient authorities seems
to justify the belief that Eubulus did increase the extent and amount
of these public distributions; at the same time, there is ample evidence
that he did not stint the other branches of the administration. He was
opposed to an aggressive war-policy; but, during a great part of his tenure
of office, Athens was at war, and expeditious were sent to Thermopylae
(352 13. 0. ) and Euboea; the fleet was kept up, new triremes, dockyards and
arsenals were built (19 ? 89, Dinarch. 1 ? 96, CIA. ii 795", Philochorus
Frag. 135), and, in particular, works of peace, such as the repair of roads
and the supply of water, were promoted (3 ? 29). It would even appear
that surplus funds were allowed to accumulate (19 ? 89 xprjnofl' My
nepte'o'nv Kat nepte'a'rat 81d Thu eipfivnv). SO that, however considerable
the theoric distributions may have been, Eubulus did not starve the needs
of the state, but confessedly spent large sums on public works, whether
for peace or for war. But we have no means of judging what proportion
was set aside for theoric purposes. Boeckh Publ. Econ. bk. ii c. 13 assumes
"a yearly expenditure of 25 to 30 t, which in good times may have been two
or three times as much. " An expenditure of even 100t would not have
been a very heavy charge; and the saving would not have enabled the
Athenians to prosecute a very vigorous war-policy.
' Apart from the "distribution of 115. Bear met," there are many passages
referring to the question whether funds shou d be Gewpuui 0r arpanwrmd :--
[59]-? 4, 19 ? 291, 3 ? ? 11, 19 and the text; also schol. on Aeschin. 3 ? 24
rd. 8% xpfiua'ra. rd 0cm txd sis o'rpa'rturrtxd neraBoiAAew e? 'n-ew'e updrro: Anno-
aOe? vng (339--8 B. c. ) Tliis need not mean that funds hitherto nt on theoric
purposes were now applied to purposes of war. Comparing Philochorus
Frag. 135 1d 8e xpfina'r' e? ipn? iaavro 1ro'w-r' elvat arpanwrtno't, Annoa'ae'vovc
ypdipawog, we may conclude that both the schol. and Philochorus are
referring to all the funds of the state. Oewpme? v refers sometimes to a
particular distribution (3 ? 31, [44] ? 37), but 1'2) 0. more often means "the
theoric fund " (or treasury? ) as in the ordinary title oi. e? n't Tb 0. (cp. 18
? 113). ' Mr. Whibley suggests that Oswptxa'. might ' similarly mean (1) money
actually spent in theoric distributions, (2) money that went into the theoric
treasury. If 12) 0. were, under Eubulus, the state-treasury for all receipts
and expenses (which would be a natural interpretation of Aeschin. 3 ? 25),
'rd 0. would clearly include all the expenditure of the state, for whatever
purpose. From this fund special grants would be made for purposes of war
(these would be 161 o'rpa'rtw'rtxd xp 'nwra, inscr. of 347-6 13. 0. , Hicks no. 111,
Dem. [49] ? 12, [50] ? 10). Eubu us, as the ruling spirit of oi. e'rr't 76 0. ,
had the disposal of these funds; he used them (as we have seen) for the
general purposes of the administration, as well as for theoric distributions;
the proposal to make them 0-1- anwnxo't would have involved the transfer
of the state-revenues to anot er treasury, and would so have deprived
Eubulus and his party of the control of finance. (Thus in 339-8 8. 0. a
mutate rdw O'Tpa'rtw'rtxdw was apparently appointed to give effect to the
policy of Demosthenes. )
'On this interpretation the question involved was one of financial
administration, carrying with it, however, important issues of policy and
of persons. ' The conclusion suggested by Mr. Whibley is that ' while the
funds of the state went into a theoric treasury, they were under the control
of Eubulus and his party, and used to a considerable extent for theoric
L
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 146 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC I ? 19, 20
purposes; when transferred to a military treasury, they were more easily
applied to purposes of war, and passed into other bands; but, in either
case, the ordinary expenses of war or peace administration had to be met.
' Further difficulties are raised by [59] ? ? 4, 5. The speaker asserts that,
at the time of the expedition to Euboea, the laws provided that, in time of
war, 18. reptowo. xp 'para . . crrpa-rmnxd ell/at. This is in flat contradic-
tion to everything t iat is assumed about Eubulus; and the statement is
supposed to refer to a time when his policy was in force. In 3 ? 11 the
statement is exactly the opposite. Is there anything to show at what date
Eubulus first carried his policy into effect? Supposing that he had get
control of the state in 354 5. 0. , might he not, after the proposal of
Apollodorus and before the third Olynthiac, have passed a law changing
the financial system, which would have involved the penalties implied in
3 Q 13? (the latter passage would be consistent with a recent change of law). '
The expedition to Euboea is placed by ASchaefer in 850 3. 0. , or before
the Olynthiacs; by Weil and Blass in 348 9. 0. , or after the Olynthiacs.
It is placed by Baran in 349 5. 0. , after the first, but before the third
Olynthiac, This last view would harmonise with Mr. Whibley's sugges-
tion that it was before the third Olynthiac, and after the proposal of
Apollodorus (and his punishment for the same), that Eubulus carried a
measure which (until repealed) would prevent any one else from making
any similar proposal for the future.
etirus its fioi'vkeo'ee Mpfie? ve're : a vaguer and therefore
milder form of expression than that in ? 20 06110 mus dvev
rpayadrwv--eis rd: e? oprds.
173. 6. 108601" implies the payment of a debt actually due,
2? 30, 5? 10,6? ? 22, so; 8? 65.
174. wpocBei--e? v'dei, 'so far from its being merely a fresh
source of revenue that is needed, you have no revenue at all. '
175. 11v ns strrot: ? 14 l. 123. 'ype? cbets lei-k, 'Do you
propose (or more) that this money should be (really) a military
fund? Verily, not I. My own opinion indeed is that soldiers
must be raised [and that this should be a military fund indeed],
and that there should be one and the same rule for receiving
payment and for doing one's duty (i. e. that only those should
receive military money who actually perform military service) ;
whereas your opinion is that you should simply without any
trouble receive (this fund) for the festivals. ' [Kai rafrr'
elvcu o-rparmrmd] is retained by OMeiser in Neue Jahrb.
no. 109 (1874), 706.
? 20 l. 179. ptav o'i'rv'rogw . . 'rfiv m'rrfiv: 3 ? 34, 14 ? 23
[110. mil/rafts.
180. fipeis 8' (h-yeTaOe 6621') . . hapfidvcw. 061-0: was,
'just as you do,' I won't say how; a formula for declining
to go into particulars. In 8 ? 74 'to the following efl'ect';
0p. 18 ? 138, 269, and 21 ? 7; 16 ? 27, 22 ? 40, 23 ? 193 did!
mar, 27 ? 30 raparrhr'la'id mar, 20 ? 82 ,Beflalws mos, Xen.
Anab. vi 1, 5 rexvmibs mus. dhhws mas and s! 1w: are frequent
in Demosthenes, etc.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1 ? 20, 21 FIRST 0L YNTHIAO' 147
181. t'cr'rl. Sfi hourdv ink, 'the only course left (I presume)
is for all of us to contribute ' to a war-tax. From the war-tax
no citizen was exempt (20 ? 18). Gilbert Gk. Cmt. Ant. i
4072 = 364 Eng]. ed. The orator's purpose, in threatening the
citizens with this unpopular tax, is to make them more disposed
to utilise the theoric fund.
182. Av no>>. ch Se? n, wohhe?
: the amount of the war-tax
varied according to circumstances; cp. Gilbert pp. 367, 369
Eng]. ed.
183. Sci and (185) sedwwv, 'money must be had: without
money we can do nothing that must be done. '
186. 65v depends on 66715 (re? pos).
187. $05 Eo'rl. Kaipds, now, while there is opportunity; the
relative with a definite antecedent has no effect on the mood of
the verb. Had the exhortation been referred to the future,
we should have had {-'ws 8. 11 Kaipos, so long as there shall be an
opportunity (Goodwin MT. ? 520). amxaawei 're? 'w rpm-
ypd'raw, 'take our public policy in hand,' capessite rempublicam,
Sallust Cat. 52, 3.
? 21 l. 188. 1'6. rpziypwr(u. ): placed in the principal instead
of the subordinate clause, further defined by rd. @l-M'lr'rrov,
which is put in an emphatic position at the end of the sentence,
to introduce a new topic.
191. eirrpemis, 'in very good trim' (K. ), 4 ? 18; 3 ? 13
ebrperrto'at. 6); iv KdMur'r' 5x01: 18 ? 291 mix (I); 8. >>
eiivous Kat Nicolas nohlrns Ecrxe riyv 'ymb/trlv. The ellipse is
supplied in 4 ? 6 e? 'xei, 1('1 ,ue? v the 6. 11 e? llufw TLS' e? 'xot rohe? pip.
192. oli'r' 6v e? fifiveyxe ark, 'nor would he have begun the
war' ; 14 ? 35 e? x? e? pew rbv 1re? 7\e,u. ov.
193. wokepeiv: emphatic, 'really to fight. ' airrdv:
not mihsftov, but Whammy.
194. (is e? mdw: oil-rm dis e? -rrru'iv TL! duarpeirat, primo stat'im
impetu ct aggressu, dis e? }; e? rri8po/riis (Reiske), 'on the first
advance. ' 9 ? 22 (of Philip) e'rrie? r'ra. dis often coalesces with
adverbial phrases such as M17069, e? re? pws, dkkws, rdxos, e? TflTll~
,uwr, 7'71rlws, and it is here similarly used, but in an exceptional
manner, with a participle. Julian p. 273 (I); e? E e? ? 66ou Mil/6-
,uevov (quoted by Blass).
d>>; is, however, hard to explain. Wcil asks whether it means an quelque
sort. Hahn regards s'mdw as Fut. , 'as one who was on the point of attack-
ing,' 'even if he merely threatened an attack ' (Commentationes in honorem
Mommseni p. 695).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 148 FIRST 0L YNTHIAG I ? 21, 22
167(5): i. e. when he began the war. This implies that the
speech was not delivered at the very beginning of Philip's war
with Olynthus (Weil).
195. dvatpv'la'eo'hi, 'to carry' or 'carry off" (everything).
For another sense see 1. 55.
197. 1'6. 16v Gmake? iv, 'the attitude of the Thessalians,'
'the state of Thessaly. ' In 353 13. 0. Philip had been invited
to aid the Aleuadae against the tyrants of Pherae (? 9, 12;
4 ? 35). The latter, though aided by the Phocians, were
finally defeated by the Macedonian forces and the Thessalian
cavalry in 352 B. 0. Magnesia was occupied by Philip, to enable
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(? 13, 2 ? 7).
? 22 l. 198. mime: the Thessalians, implied in a T601!
GETTath. On the neuter cp. 4 ? 8. (tn-ma: the
treachery of the Thessalians was proverbial, det 'yz'ip 115.
Ger-raMbv darw-ra (schol. on Aristoph. Plut. 521, and Zenohius
iv 29 Omahibv "mm/m, cp. Voemel's I'roleg. in Phil. p. 89).
23 ? 112 basis ,ue? v . . 0175610. wpoziddiKa-Ts 1rufi1r0're 163v Wham,
Ger-rake! 6' ofide? va. 1ru'11roG' durw' all. Eur. Frag. 422 Hohhot
rapfio'av, dhh' dmo'ra. Gsaaahuiv. Sirlrou, 'as you know. '
199. 4760'" Kai. def, ' by nature and by constant habit ' ;
Diphilus ap. Atheu. 225 A 12 Was: Kal raw-raxofi. KoptSfi,
' exactly,' 'just,' ' quite,' ' perfectly,' 5 ? 25. xopafifi 8(e? ) instead
of dmara. 1%, as though the former clause had begun with (paint
,ue'v Ital dei drwra 'r'7v.
200. I10. ua-as 6. 1raL-re'iv: 2 ? 11. Pagasae, the port of
Pherae, ha been captured by Philip, and was held by a
Macedonian garrison after he had given up Pherae itself. Cp.
? 13.
201. tillnepw'p-e? vou Middle, as in Aristoph. Vesp. 591 e? ? fi<
? w-ra. z. Muyvqa-Cav KeKmXfiKQo-t 'raxtgew, 'prevented'
by diplomatic protests. 2 ? 11 1repl Ma'yvrlalas Mryous rolsi'o'fial.
'I take the latter expression to state the fact with more precision:
the Thessalians ssed a vote to rcmonstmfe with Philip ; it is not probable
that they actual y hindered him. And if he afterwards gcwe to them Mag-
nesia, as we are told in a later oration, delivered 844 3. 0. (Phil. ii 5 22), he
probably gave it with reserve of the fortified ports to himself; since we
now that his ascendency over Thessaly was not only not relaxed, but
became more violent and oppressive,' Grote c. 87 viii 56. Cp. Thirlwall
v 306. If the Second Olymhiac is really the first in order of delivery,
xrwaixaUL would imply that the remonstrances previously expressed by
Ae? yuve n'mrio'eat were successful (Heslop). It was not until the close of
the Sacred War (346 5. 0. ) that Philip surrendered Magnesia, if as much as
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? ? 22, 23 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 149
this is implied in the Ilupf. e? 8i80v (Phil. ii ? 22). Philip III afterwards
placed a permanent garrison there, regarding it as one of the 'keys of
Greece' (Pans. vii 7, O).
202.
surplus is the yearly balance of revenue over expenditure; but there is
no trace of any yearly budget at Athens, nor evidence of any actual dis-
tribution of a surplus. At all times there were the ordinary expenses to
be met, the yearly charges for the necessary outlay on the peace administra-
tion, the maintenance of the defences of Attica, and (in case of war) the
expenses of war. Besides this, there was at all times a certain expenditure
on public amusements. The amount so spent must have been only a
question of degree. The general consensus of ancient authorities seems
to justify the belief that Eubulus did increase the extent and amount
of these public distributions; at the same time, there is ample evidence
that he did not stint the other branches of the administration. He was
opposed to an aggressive war-policy; but, during a great part of his tenure
of office, Athens was at war, and expeditious were sent to Thermopylae
(352 13. 0. ) and Euboea; the fleet was kept up, new triremes, dockyards and
arsenals were built (19 ? 89, Dinarch. 1 ? 96, CIA. ii 795", Philochorus
Frag. 135), and, in particular, works of peace, such as the repair of roads
and the supply of water, were promoted (3 ? 29). It would even appear
that surplus funds were allowed to accumulate (19 ? 89 xprjnofl' My
nepte'o'nv Kat nepte'a'rat 81d Thu eipfivnv). SO that, however considerable
the theoric distributions may have been, Eubulus did not starve the needs
of the state, but confessedly spent large sums on public works, whether
for peace or for war. But we have no means of judging what proportion
was set aside for theoric purposes. Boeckh Publ. Econ. bk. ii c. 13 assumes
"a yearly expenditure of 25 to 30 t, which in good times may have been two
or three times as much. " An expenditure of even 100t would not have
been a very heavy charge; and the saving would not have enabled the
Athenians to prosecute a very vigorous war-policy.
' Apart from the "distribution of 115. Bear met," there are many passages
referring to the question whether funds shou d be Gewpuui 0r arpanwrmd :--
[59]-? 4, 19 ? 291, 3 ? ? 11, 19 and the text; also schol. on Aeschin. 3 ? 24
rd. 8% xpfiua'ra. rd 0cm txd sis o'rpa'rturrtxd neraBoiAAew e? 'n-ew'e updrro: Anno-
aOe? vng (339--8 B. c. ) Tliis need not mean that funds hitherto nt on theoric
purposes were now applied to purposes of war. Comparing Philochorus
Frag. 135 1d 8e xpfina'r' e? ipn? iaavro 1ro'w-r' elvat arpanwrtno't, Annoa'ae'vovc
ypdipawog, we may conclude that both the schol. and Philochorus are
referring to all the funds of the state. Oewpme? v refers sometimes to a
particular distribution (3 ? 31, [44] ? 37), but 1'2) 0. more often means "the
theoric fund " (or treasury? ) as in the ordinary title oi. e? n't Tb 0. (cp. 18
? 113). ' Mr. Whibley suggests that Oswptxa'. might ' similarly mean (1) money
actually spent in theoric distributions, (2) money that went into the theoric
treasury. If 12) 0. were, under Eubulus, the state-treasury for all receipts
and expenses (which would be a natural interpretation of Aeschin. 3 ? 25),
'rd 0. would clearly include all the expenditure of the state, for whatever
purpose. From this fund special grants would be made for purposes of war
(these would be 161 o'rpa'rtw'rtxd xp 'nwra, inscr. of 347-6 13. 0. , Hicks no. 111,
Dem. [49] ? 12, [50] ? 10). Eubu us, as the ruling spirit of oi. e'rr't 76 0. ,
had the disposal of these funds; he used them (as we have seen) for the
general purposes of the administration, as well as for theoric distributions;
the proposal to make them 0-1- anwnxo't would have involved the transfer
of the state-revenues to anot er treasury, and would so have deprived
Eubulus and his party of the control of finance. (Thus in 339-8 8. 0. a
mutate rdw O'Tpa'rtw'rtxdw was apparently appointed to give effect to the
policy of Demosthenes. )
'On this interpretation the question involved was one of financial
administration, carrying with it, however, important issues of policy and
of persons. ' The conclusion suggested by Mr. Whibley is that ' while the
funds of the state went into a theoric treasury, they were under the control
of Eubulus and his party, and used to a considerable extent for theoric
L
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 146 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC I ? 19, 20
purposes; when transferred to a military treasury, they were more easily
applied to purposes of war, and passed into other bands; but, in either
case, the ordinary expenses of war or peace administration had to be met.
' Further difficulties are raised by [59] ? ? 4, 5. The speaker asserts that,
at the time of the expedition to Euboea, the laws provided that, in time of
war, 18. reptowo. xp 'para . . crrpa-rmnxd ell/at. This is in flat contradic-
tion to everything t iat is assumed about Eubulus; and the statement is
supposed to refer to a time when his policy was in force. In 3 ? 11 the
statement is exactly the opposite. Is there anything to show at what date
Eubulus first carried his policy into effect? Supposing that he had get
control of the state in 354 5. 0. , might he not, after the proposal of
Apollodorus and before the third Olynthiac, have passed a law changing
the financial system, which would have involved the penalties implied in
3 Q 13? (the latter passage would be consistent with a recent change of law). '
The expedition to Euboea is placed by ASchaefer in 850 3. 0. , or before
the Olynthiacs; by Weil and Blass in 348 9. 0. , or after the Olynthiacs.
It is placed by Baran in 349 5. 0. , after the first, but before the third
Olynthiac, This last view would harmonise with Mr. Whibley's sugges-
tion that it was before the third Olynthiac, and after the proposal of
Apollodorus (and his punishment for the same), that Eubulus carried a
measure which (until repealed) would prevent any one else from making
any similar proposal for the future.
etirus its fioi'vkeo'ee Mpfie? ve're : a vaguer and therefore
milder form of expression than that in ? 20 06110 mus dvev
rpayadrwv--eis rd: e? oprds.
173. 6. 108601" implies the payment of a debt actually due,
2? 30, 5? 10,6? ? 22, so; 8? 65.
174. wpocBei--e? v'dei, 'so far from its being merely a fresh
source of revenue that is needed, you have no revenue at all. '
175. 11v ns strrot: ? 14 l. 123. 'ype? cbets lei-k, 'Do you
propose (or more) that this money should be (really) a military
fund? Verily, not I. My own opinion indeed is that soldiers
must be raised [and that this should be a military fund indeed],
and that there should be one and the same rule for receiving
payment and for doing one's duty (i. e. that only those should
receive military money who actually perform military service) ;
whereas your opinion is that you should simply without any
trouble receive (this fund) for the festivals. ' [Kai rafrr'
elvcu o-rparmrmd] is retained by OMeiser in Neue Jahrb.
no. 109 (1874), 706.
? 20 l. 179. ptav o'i'rv'rogw . . 'rfiv m'rrfiv: 3 ? 34, 14 ? 23
[110. mil/rafts.
180. fipeis 8' (h-yeTaOe 6621') . . hapfidvcw. 061-0: was,
'just as you do,' I won't say how; a formula for declining
to go into particulars. In 8 ? 74 'to the following efl'ect';
0p. 18 ? 138, 269, and 21 ? 7; 16 ? 27, 22 ? 40, 23 ? 193 did!
mar, 27 ? 30 raparrhr'la'id mar, 20 ? 82 ,Beflalws mos, Xen.
Anab. vi 1, 5 rexvmibs mus. dhhws mas and s! 1w: are frequent
in Demosthenes, etc.
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 1 ? 20, 21 FIRST 0L YNTHIAO' 147
181. t'cr'rl. Sfi hourdv ink, 'the only course left (I presume)
is for all of us to contribute ' to a war-tax. From the war-tax
no citizen was exempt (20 ? 18). Gilbert Gk. Cmt. Ant. i
4072 = 364 Eng]. ed. The orator's purpose, in threatening the
citizens with this unpopular tax, is to make them more disposed
to utilise the theoric fund.
182. Av no>>. ch Se? n, wohhe?
: the amount of the war-tax
varied according to circumstances; cp. Gilbert pp. 367, 369
Eng]. ed.
183. Sci and (185) sedwwv, 'money must be had: without
money we can do nothing that must be done. '
186. 65v depends on 66715 (re? pos).
187. $05 Eo'rl. Kaipds, now, while there is opportunity; the
relative with a definite antecedent has no effect on the mood of
the verb. Had the exhortation been referred to the future,
we should have had {-'ws 8. 11 Kaipos, so long as there shall be an
opportunity (Goodwin MT. ? 520). amxaawei 're? 'w rpm-
ypd'raw, 'take our public policy in hand,' capessite rempublicam,
Sallust Cat. 52, 3.
? 21 l. 188. 1'6. rpziypwr(u. ): placed in the principal instead
of the subordinate clause, further defined by rd. @l-M'lr'rrov,
which is put in an emphatic position at the end of the sentence,
to introduce a new topic.
191. eirrpemis, 'in very good trim' (K. ), 4 ? 18; 3 ? 13
ebrperrto'at. 6); iv KdMur'r' 5x01: 18 ? 291 mix (I); 8. >>
eiivous Kat Nicolas nohlrns Ecrxe riyv 'ymb/trlv. The ellipse is
supplied in 4 ? 6 e? 'xei, 1('1 ,ue? v the 6. 11 e? llufw TLS' e? 'xot rohe? pip.
192. oli'r' 6v e? fifiveyxe ark, 'nor would he have begun the
war' ; 14 ? 35 e? x? e? pew rbv 1re? 7\e,u. ov.
193. wokepeiv: emphatic, 'really to fight. ' airrdv:
not mihsftov, but Whammy.
194. (is e? mdw: oil-rm dis e? -rrru'iv TL! duarpeirat, primo stat'im
impetu ct aggressu, dis e? }; e? rri8po/riis (Reiske), 'on the first
advance. ' 9 ? 22 (of Philip) e'rrie? r'ra. dis often coalesces with
adverbial phrases such as M17069, e? re? pws, dkkws, rdxos, e? TflTll~
,uwr, 7'71rlws, and it is here similarly used, but in an exceptional
manner, with a participle. Julian p. 273 (I); e? E e? ? 66ou Mil/6-
,uevov (quoted by Blass).
d>>; is, however, hard to explain. Wcil asks whether it means an quelque
sort. Hahn regards s'mdw as Fut. , 'as one who was on the point of attack-
ing,' 'even if he merely threatened an attack ' (Commentationes in honorem
Mommseni p. 695).
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? 148 FIRST 0L YNTHIAG I ? 21, 22
167(5): i. e. when he began the war. This implies that the
speech was not delivered at the very beginning of Philip's war
with Olynthus (Weil).
195. dvatpv'la'eo'hi, 'to carry' or 'carry off" (everything).
For another sense see 1. 55.
197. 1'6. 16v Gmake? iv, 'the attitude of the Thessalians,'
'the state of Thessaly. ' In 353 13. 0. Philip had been invited
to aid the Aleuadae against the tyrants of Pherae (? 9, 12;
4 ? 35). The latter, though aided by the Phocians, were
finally defeated by the Macedonian forces and the Thessalian
cavalry in 352 B. 0. Magnesia was occupied by Philip, to enable
him to keep the 'l'hessalian confederation under his control
(? 13, 2 ? 7).
? 22 l. 198. mime: the Thessalians, implied in a T601!
GETTath. On the neuter cp. 4 ? 8. (tn-ma: the
treachery of the Thessalians was proverbial, det 'yz'ip 115.
Ger-raMbv darw-ra (schol. on Aristoph. Plut. 521, and Zenohius
iv 29 Omahibv "mm/m, cp. Voemel's I'roleg. in Phil. p. 89).
23 ? 112 basis ,ue? v . . 0175610. wpoziddiKa-Ts 1rufi1r0're 163v Wham,
Ger-rake! 6' ofide? va. 1ru'11roG' durw' all. Eur. Frag. 422 Hohhot
rapfio'av, dhh' dmo'ra. Gsaaahuiv. Sirlrou, 'as you know. '
199. 4760'" Kai. def, ' by nature and by constant habit ' ;
Diphilus ap. Atheu. 225 A 12 Was: Kal raw-raxofi. KoptSfi,
' exactly,' 'just,' ' quite,' ' perfectly,' 5 ? 25. xopafifi 8(e? ) instead
of dmara. 1%, as though the former clause had begun with (paint
,ue'v Ital dei drwra 'r'7v.
200. I10. ua-as 6. 1raL-re'iv: 2 ? 11. Pagasae, the port of
Pherae, ha been captured by Philip, and was held by a
Macedonian garrison after he had given up Pherae itself. Cp.
? 13.
201. tillnepw'p-e? vou Middle, as in Aristoph. Vesp. 591 e? ? fi<
? w-ra. z. Muyvqa-Cav KeKmXfiKQo-t 'raxtgew, 'prevented'
by diplomatic protests. 2 ? 11 1repl Ma'yvrlalas Mryous rolsi'o'fial.
'I take the latter expression to state the fact with more precision:
the Thessalians ssed a vote to rcmonstmfe with Philip ; it is not probable
that they actual y hindered him. And if he afterwards gcwe to them Mag-
nesia, as we are told in a later oration, delivered 844 3. 0. (Phil. ii 5 22), he
probably gave it with reserve of the fortified ports to himself; since we
now that his ascendency over Thessaly was not only not relaxed, but
became more violent and oppressive,' Grote c. 87 viii 56. Cp. Thirlwall
v 306. If the Second Olymhiac is really the first in order of delivery,
xrwaixaUL would imply that the remonstrances previously expressed by
Ae? yuve n'mrio'eat were successful (Heslop). It was not until the close of
the Sacred War (346 5. 0. ) that Philip surrendered Magnesia, if as much as
? ? Generated for (University of Chicago) on 2014-12-27 05:10 GMT / http://hdl. handle. net/2027/uc1. 31175009758841 Public Domain, Google-digitized / http://www. hathitrust. org/access_use#pd-google
? I ? ? 22, 23 FIRST 0L YNTHIAC' 149
this is implied in the Ilupf. e? 8i80v (Phil. ii ? 22). Philip III afterwards
placed a permanent garrison there, regarding it as one of the 'keys of
Greece' (Pans. vii 7, O).
202.
