þēawum (_in
accordance
with custom_), 2145.
Beowulf
.
.
sēo þe bān-cofan beorgan cūðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_),
1446, etc. ; þǣr ge-lȳfan sceal dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_he
shall believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437,
1292 (cf. Heliand I. , 1308).
þæs þe. See þæt.
þēah þe. See þēah.
for þām þe. See for-þām.
þȳ, þē, _the, by that_, instr. of se: āhte ic holdra þȳ lǣs . . . þē dēað
for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
þeccan, w. v. , _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þā sceal brond
fretan, ǣled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),
3016; pret. pl. þǣr git ēagor-strēam earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.
þegn, st. m. , _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg. ,
235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Bēowulf), 194; (Wīglāf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen
(Bēowulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;
(Wīglāf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl.
þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628,
1674, 1830, 2034, etc. --Comp. : ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.
þegnian, þēnian, w. v. , _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him
þēnode dēoran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i. e. slew them
with it), 560.
þegn-sorh, st. f. , _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.
þegn-sorge, 131.
þegu, st. f. , _taking_: in comp. : bēah-, bēor-, sinc-þegu.
þel, st. n. , _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.
þencan, w. v. : 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. sē þe wēl þenceð,
289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nǣnig heora þōhte þæt hē . . .
(_none of them thought that he_), 692. --2) w. inf. , _to intend_: pres. sg.
III. þā and-sware . . . þē mē se gōda ā-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the
good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blōdig wæl) byrgean þenceð, 448;
þonne hē . . . gegān þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),
1536; pret. sg. nē þæt āglǣca yldan þōhte (_the monster did not mean to
delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þōhton, 541;
(hine) on healfa ge-hwone hēawan þōhton, 801.
ā-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (hē) þis ellen-weorc āna
ā-þōhte tō ge-fremmanne, 2644.
ge-þencan, w. acc. : 1) _to think of_: þæt hē his selfa ne mæg . . . ende
ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),
1735. --2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nū . . . hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,
1475.
þenden: 1) adv. , _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fācen-stafas
Þēod-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings
done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wīdsīð, 45 seqq. ); þenden
rēafode rinc ōðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i. e. Eofor robbed
Ongenþēow), 2986. --2) conj. , _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,
2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj. , _whilst, as long as_: þenden þū
mōte, 1178; þenden þū lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sȳ (_whilst the heat
lasts_), 2650.
þengel, st. m. , _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Bēowulf),
1508.
þes (m. ), þēos (f. ), þis (n. ), demons. pron. , _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,
1703; f. , 484; nom. acc. neut. , 2156, 2252, 2644; þȳs, 1396; acc. sg. m.
þisne, 75; f. þās, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f.
þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807;
nom. pl. and acc. þās, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.
þē. See þæt.
þēh. See þēah.
þearf, st. f. , _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þā him wæs manna
þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;
fremmað gē nū lēoda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),
2802; dat. sg. æt þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum
ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the
thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795. --Comp. : firen-, nearo-,
ofer-þearf.
þearf. See þurfan.
ge-þearfian, w. v. , = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þā him swā
ge-þearfod wæs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
þearle, adv. , _very, exceedingly_, 560.
þēah, þēh, conj. , _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þēah, 203,
526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þēah þe, 683,
1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þēah . . . eal (_although_), 681. --2)
with indic. : þēah, 1103; þēh, 1614. --3) doubtful: þēah hē ūðe wēl, 2856;
swā þēah (_nevertheless_), 2879; nō . . . swā þēah (_not then however_), 973;
næs þē forht swā þēh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
(_yet however_), 2443.
þēaw, st. m. , _custom, usage_: nom. sg. , 178, 1247; acc. sg. þēaw, 359;
instr. pl.
þēawum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
þeód, st. f. : 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg. , 644, 1231, 1251. --2)
_nation, folk_: nom. sg. , 1692; gen. pl. þēoda, 1706. --Comp. : sige-,
wer-þēod.
þēod-cyning, st. m. , (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 2145; (Ongenþēow), 2964, 2971; þīod-cyning (Bēowulf),
2580; acc. sg. þēod-cyning (Bēowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þēod-cyninges
(Bēowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þēod-cyninga, 2.
þēoden, st. m. , _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg. , 129,
365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc. ; þīoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þēoden, 34,
201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þīoden, 2789; dat. sg. þēodne, 345,
1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc. ; þēoden, 2033; gen. sg. þēodnes 798, 911,
1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þīodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þēodnas, 3071.
þēoden-lēas, adj. , _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þēoden-lēase, 1104.
þēod-gestrēon, st. n. , _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
þēod-ge-strēonum, 44; gen. pl. þēod-ge-strēona, 1219.
þēodig, adj. , _appertaining to a_ þēod: in comp. el-þēodig.
þēod-scaða, w. m. , _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þēod-sceaða
(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
þēod-þrēa, st. f. m. , _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
þēod-þrēaum, 178.
þēof, st. m. , _thief_: gen. sg. þēofes cræfte, 2221.
þēon, st. v. : 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þāh (_grew
in glory_), 8. --2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hūru þæt on lande
lȳt manna þāh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-þēon, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þēoh
tela, 1219; inf. lof-dǣdum sceal . . . man geþēon, 25; þæt þæt þēodnes bearn
ge-þēon scolde, 911.
on-þēon? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen. : pret. hē þæs ǣr onþāh, 901. [In
MS. Emended in text. --KTH] See Note l. 901.
þēon (for þēowan), w. v. , _to oppress, restrain_: inf. næs se folc-cyning
ymb-sittendra ǣnig þāra þe mec . . . dorste egesan þēon (_that durst oppress
me with terror_), 2737.
þēostor, adj. , _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
þēow, st. m. , _slave, serf_ 2225.
þicgan, st. v. w. acc. , _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þæt hē
(Grendel) mā mōste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þā niht, 737; symbel þicgan
(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þæt hīe mē þēgon, 563;
þǣr wē medu þēgun, 2634.
ge-þicgan, w. acc. , _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bēowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
manig) ge-þǣgon, 1015.
þider, þyder, adv. , _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
þīhtig, þȳhtig, adj. , _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord . . .
ecgum þȳhtig, 1559. --Comp. hyge-þīhtig.
þincan. See þyncan.
þing, st. n. : 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ǣnige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
2906. --2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. mē wearð Grendles þing
. . . undyrne cūð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409. --3)
_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(? ): acc. sg. sceal . . . āna gehegan
þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-þing, st. n. : 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086. --2) _fate,
providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS. ), 525.
ge-þingan, st. v. , _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX. , 430):
pret. part. cwēn mōde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
625. See wēl-þungen.
ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v. : 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrēðrīc tō hofum Gēata
ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at? ) _with the court of
the Gēatas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo. --2) _to prepare, appoint_:
pret. part. wiste [æt] þǣm āhlǣcan . . . hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs . . .
mēce ge-þinged, 1939.
þingian, w. v. : 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
hȳrde ic snotor-līcor on swā geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
man so young speak so wisely_), 1844. --2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo . . . fēo þingian (_would not compound the
life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg.
sēo þe bān-cofan beorgan cūðe (_the corselet that could protect the body_),
1446, etc. ; þǣr ge-lȳfan sceal dryhtnes dōme sē þe hine dēað nimeð (_he
shall believe in God's judgment whom death carrieth off_), 441; so, 1437,
1292 (cf. Heliand I. , 1308).
þæs þe. See þæt.
þēah þe. See þēah.
for þām þe. See for-þām.
þȳ, þē, _the, by that_, instr. of se: āhte ic holdra þȳ lǣs . . . þē dēað
for-nam (_I had the less friends whom death snatched away_), 488; so, 1437.
þeccan, w. v. , _to cover_ (thatch), _cover over_: inf. þā sceal brond
fretan, ǣled þeccean (_fire shall eat, flame shall cover, the treasures_),
3016; pret. pl. þǣr git ēagor-strēam earmum þehton (_in swimming_), 513.
þegn, st. m. , _thane, liegeman, king's higher vassal; knight_: nom. sg. ,
235, 494, 868, 2060, 2710; (Bēowulf), 194; (Wīglāf), 2722; acc. sg. þegen
(Bēowulf, MS. þegn), 1872; dat. sg. þegne, 1342, 1420; (Hengest), 1086;
(Wīglāf), 2811; gen. sg. þegnes, 1798; nom. pl. þegnas, 1231; acc. pl.
þegnas, 1082, 3122; dat. pl. þegnum, 2870; gen. pl. þegna, 123, 400, 1628,
1674, 1830, 2034, etc. --Comp. : ambiht-, ealdor-, heal-, magu-, sele-þegn.
þegnian, þēnian, w. v. , _to serve, do liege service_: pret. sg. ic him
þēnode dēoran sweorde (_I served them with my good sword_, i. e. slew them
with it), 560.
þegn-sorh, st. f. , _thane-sorrow, grief for a liegeman_: acc. sg.
þegn-sorge, 131.
þegu, st. f. , _taking_: in comp. : bēah-, bēor-, sinc-þegu.
þel, st. n. , _deal-board, board for benches_: in comp. benc-þel, 486, 1240.
þencan, w. v. : 1) _to think_: absolutely: pres. sg. III. sē þe wēl þenceð,
289; so, 2602. With depend. clause: pres. sg. nǣnig heora þōhte þæt hē . . .
(_none of them thought that he_), 692. --2) w. inf. , _to intend_: pres. sg.
III. þā and-sware . . . þē mē se gōda ā-gifan þenceð (_the answer that the
good one intendeth to give me_), 355; (blōdig wæl) byrgean þenceð, 448;
þonne hē . . . gegān þenceð longsumne lof (_if he will win eternal fame_),
1536; pret. sg. nē þæt āglǣca yldan þōhte (_the monster did not mean to
delay that_), 740; pret. pl. wit unc wið hronfixas werian þōhton, 541;
(hine) on healfa ge-hwone hēawan þōhton, 801.
ā-þencan, _to intend, think out_: pret. sg. (hē) þis ellen-weorc āna
ā-þōhte tō ge-fremmanne, 2644.
ge-þencan, w. acc. : 1) _to think of_: þæt hē his selfa ne mæg . . . ende
ge-þencean (_so that he himself may not think of, know, its limit_),
1735. --2) _to be mindful_: imper. sg. ge-þenc nū . . . hwæt wit geō sprǣcon,
1475.
þenden: 1) adv. , _at this time, then, whilst_: nalles fācen-stafas
Þēod-Scyldingas þenden fremedon (_not at all at this time had the Scyldings
done foul deeds_), 1020 (referring to 1165; cf. Wīdsīð, 45 seqq. ); þenden
rēafode rinc ōðerne (_whilst one warrior robbed another_, i. e. Eofor robbed
Ongenþēow), 2986. --2) conj. , _so long as, whilst_, 30, 57, 284, 1860, 2039,
2500, 3028;--_whilst_, 2419. With subj. , _whilst, as long as_: þenden þū
mōte, 1178; þenden þū lifige, 1255; þenden hyt sȳ (_whilst the heat
lasts_), 2650.
þengel, st. m. , _prince, lord, ruler_: acc. sg. hringa þengel (Bēowulf),
1508.
þes (m. ), þēos (f. ), þis (n. ), demons. pron. , _this_: nom. sg. 411, 432,
1703; f. , 484; nom. acc. neut. , 2156, 2252, 2644; þȳs, 1396; acc. sg. m.
þisne, 75; f. þās, 1682; dat. sg. neut. þissum, 1170; þyssum, 2640; f.
þisse, 639; gen. m. þisses, 1217; f. þisse, 929; neut. þysses, 791, 807;
nom. pl. and acc. þās, 1623, 1653, 2636, 2641; dat. þyssum, 1063, 1220.
þē. See þæt.
þēh. See þēah.
þearf, st. f. , _need_: nom. sg. þearf, 1251, 2494, 2638; þā him wæs manna
þearf (_as he was in need of men_), 201; acc. sg. þearfe, 1457, 2580, 2850;
fremmað gē nū lēoda þearfe (_do ye now what is needful for the folk_),
2802; dat. sg. æt þearfe, 1478, 1526, 2695, 2710; acc. pl. se for andrysnum
ealle beweotede þegnes þearfe (_who would supply in courtesy all the
thane's needs_), 1798 (cf. sele-þegn, 1795. --Comp. : firen-, nearo-,
ofer-þearf.
þearf. See þurfan.
ge-þearfian, w. v. , = _necessitatem imponere_: pret. part. þā him swā
ge-þearfod wæs (_since so they found it necessary_), 1104.
þearle, adv. , _very, exceedingly_, 560.
þēah, þēh, conj. , _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þēah, 203,
526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þēah þe, 683,
1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þēah . . . eal (_although_), 681. --2)
with indic. : þēah, 1103; þēh, 1614. --3) doubtful: þēah hē ūðe wēl, 2856;
swā þēah (_nevertheless_), 2879; nō . . . swā þēah (_not then however_), 973;
næs þē forht swā þēh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
(_yet however_), 2443.
þēaw, st. m. , _custom, usage_: nom. sg. , 178, 1247; acc. sg. þēaw, 359;
instr. pl.
þēawum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
þeód, st. f. : 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg. , 644, 1231, 1251. --2)
_nation, folk_: nom. sg. , 1692; gen. pl. þēoda, 1706. --Comp. : sige-,
wer-þēod.
þēod-cyning, st. m. , (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 2145; (Ongenþēow), 2964, 2971; þīod-cyning (Bēowulf),
2580; acc. sg. þēod-cyning (Bēowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þēod-cyninges
(Bēowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þēod-cyninga, 2.
þēoden, st. m. , _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg. , 129,
365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc. ; þīoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þēoden, 34,
201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þīoden, 2789; dat. sg. þēodne, 345,
1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc. ; þēoden, 2033; gen. sg. þēodnes 798, 911,
1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þīodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þēodnas, 3071.
þēoden-lēas, adj. , _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þēoden-lēase, 1104.
þēod-gestrēon, st. n. , _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
þēod-ge-strēonum, 44; gen. pl. þēod-ge-strēona, 1219.
þēodig, adj. , _appertaining to a_ þēod: in comp. el-þēodig.
þēod-scaða, w. m. , _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þēod-sceaða
(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
þēod-þrēa, st. f. m. , _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
þēod-þrēaum, 178.
þēof, st. m. , _thief_: gen. sg. þēofes cræfte, 2221.
þēon, st. v. : 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þāh (_grew
in glory_), 8. --2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hūru þæt on lande
lȳt manna þāh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-þēon, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þēoh
tela, 1219; inf. lof-dǣdum sceal . . . man geþēon, 25; þæt þæt þēodnes bearn
ge-þēon scolde, 911.
on-þēon? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen. : pret. hē þæs ǣr onþāh, 901. [In
MS. Emended in text. --KTH] See Note l. 901.
þēon (for þēowan), w. v. , _to oppress, restrain_: inf. næs se folc-cyning
ymb-sittendra ǣnig þāra þe mec . . . dorste egesan þēon (_that durst oppress
me with terror_), 2737.
þēostor, adj. , _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
þēow, st. m. , _slave, serf_ 2225.
þicgan, st. v. w. acc. , _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þæt hē
(Grendel) mā mōste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þā niht, 737; symbel þicgan
(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þæt hīe mē þēgon, 563;
þǣr wē medu þēgun, 2634.
ge-þicgan, w. acc. , _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bēowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
manig) ge-þǣgon, 1015.
þider, þyder, adv. , _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
þīhtig, þȳhtig, adj. , _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord . . .
ecgum þȳhtig, 1559. --Comp. hyge-þīhtig.
þincan. See þyncan.
þing, st. n. : 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ǣnige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
2906. --2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. mē wearð Grendles þing
. . . undyrne cūð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409. --3)
_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(? ): acc. sg. sceal . . . āna gehegan
þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-þing, st. n. : 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086. --2) _fate,
providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS. ), 525.
ge-þingan, st. v. , _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX. , 430):
pret. part. cwēn mōde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
625. See wēl-þungen.
ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v. : 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III. gif him þonne Hrēðrīc tō hofum Gēata
ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at? ) _with the court of
the Gēatas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo. --2) _to prepare, appoint_:
pret. part. wiste [æt] þǣm āhlǣcan . . . hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs . . .
mēce ge-þinged, 1939.
þingian, w. v. : 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
hȳrde ic snotor-līcor on swā geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
man so young speak so wisely_), 1844. --2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo . . . fēo þingian (_would not compound the
life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg.
