He
evidently
appears from his given in Kühn's edition.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
).
Sectis ad Tirones, or ad eos qui introducuntur (vol.
i.
)
115. On De Humoribus (vol. xvi. ). 116. On the 132. Προς Θρασύβουλον περί 'Αρίστης Αιρέσεως,
Prognosticon (vol. xviii. pt. j. ). 117. On the De Optima Secta ad Thrasybulum (vol. i. ). 133.
first book of the Draedictiones (or Prorrhetica) (vol. nepl Aplotas Aidaskalías, De Optima Doctrina
xvi). 118. On the first book De Morbis Popu- (vol. i. ) 134. Περί των παρά την λέξιν Σωφισ-
laribus (vol. xvii. pt. i. ). 119. On the second uátwv, De Sophismatibus (vel Captionibus) penes
book De Morbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pt. i. ). Dictionem (rol. xiv. ). 135. MPOT PETTIKÒS Moyos
120. On the third book De Morbis Popularibus én tds Téxras, Oratio Suasoria ad Artes (vol. i. ).
(vol. xvii. pt. 1. ). 121. On the sixth book De | 136. Προς Πατρόφιλον περί Συστάσεως Ιατρικής,
Morbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pts. i. and ii. ). De Constitutione Artis Medicae ad Patrophilum
122. On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, in seven (vol. 1. ). 137. Περί των Ιπποκράτους και Πλάτω-
books (vols. xvii. pt. ii. , and xviii. pt. i. ). 123. vos Aoyuátwv, De Hippocratis et Platonis Decretis
Mpòs Aúkov, Adversus Lycum (vol. xviii. pt. i. ). (vol. v. ). This is a philosophical and contro-
A work in defence of one of the Aphorisms of versial work, directed against Chrysippus, and
Hippocrates. (Aphor. i. 14. vol. iii
. p. 710. ) others of the old philosophers, and containing at
124. Προς τα 'Αντειρημένα τους Ιπποκράτους | the same time much physiological matter. It was
'Apoplouois UTÒ 'lovliavoû, Adversus ea quae a begun probably about A. D. 165, and finished about
Juliano in Hippocratis Aphorismos dicta sunt (vol. the year 170. 138. Téxon 'Iatpeka, Ars Me-
xviii. pt. i. ). 125. Commentary on Hippocrates, dica (vol. i. ). It is often called in old editions and
De Ratione Victus in Morbis Acutis (vol
. xv. ). MSS. Ars Parva, to distinguish it from Galen's
126. On De Officina Medici (vol. xviii. pt. ii. ). longer work, De Methodo Medendi; and this title
127. On De Fracturis (vol. xviii. pt. ii. ). 128. is not unfrequently corrupted into Microtechni,
On De Articulis (vol. xviii. pt. i. ). 129. Tep! Toù Microtegni, Teme, &c. This is perhaps the most
Tap' 'Intokpátel Kuatos, De Comate secundum celebrated of all Galen's works, and was commonly
Hippocraten (vol. vii. ); of doubtful genuineness. used as a text-book in the middle ages. Tbe
130. Περί της κατά τον Ιπποκράτης Διαίτης | number of Latin editions and commentaries is very
επί των οξέων Νοσημάτων, De Victus Ratione in | great. 139. Περί των Ιδίων Βιβλίων, Le Libris
Morbis Acutis secundum Hippocratem (vol. xix. ); Proprüs (vol. xix. ). 140. Tepl tñs Táçews TW
of doubtful genuineness.
'Ιδίων Βιβλίων, De Ordine Librorum Ρropriorum
Pew persons have ever been so well quali- |(vol. xix. ). 141. Tepi Alaycrews Kai Oepanelas
fied to illustrate and explain the writings of των εν τη εκάστου Ψυχή 'Ιδίων Παθών, De Dig-
Hippocrates as Galen ; both from his unfeigned notione et Curatione Propriorum cujusque Anima
(though not indiscriminate) admiration for his Affectuum (vol. v. ). 142. Nepi Alayvuoews kad
works, and also from the time in which he lived, | Θεραπείας των εν τη εκάστου Ψυχή Αμαρτημάτων,
and from his own intellectual qualities. Accord- De Dignotione et Curatione cujusque Animi Peccato
ingly, his Commentaries have always been con- rum (vol. v. ). 143. Eioarami, 'latpós, Intro
sidered a most valuable assistance in understanding Iductio, seu sledicus (vol
. xiv. ); of doubtful genư
## p. 217 (#233) ############################################
GALENUS.
217
GALERIANUS.
ineness. 144. De Subfururatione Empirica (vol. ii. scepticism who asserted that no such thing as cer-
ed. Chart. ). 145. Tepl’Ebwv, De Consuctudinibus tainty could be attained in any science, but was
(vol. vi. ed. Chart. ); of doubtful genuineness. content to suspend his judgment on those matters
146. Nepi Pidooópou 'Iotopías, De Historia Phi- | which were not capable of observation, as, for in-
losophica (vol. xix. ). This is Plutarch's work De stance, the nature of the human soul, respecting
Philosophorum Decrctis, with a few trifling altera- which he confessed he was still in doubt, and bad
tion. "147. "Opor 'latpikol, Definitiones Medicae not even been able to attain to a probable opinion.
(vol. xix. ); of doubtful genuineness. 148. De (De Foct. Form. vol
. iv. p. 700. ) The fullest ac-
Partibus Artis Medicae (vol. ii. ed. Chart. ); of count of Galen's philosophical opinions is given by
doubtful genuineness. 149. "Ori ai Moottes Kurt Sprengel in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der
'Aowuatoi, Quod Qualitutes Incorporeac sint (vol. Melicin, who thinks he has not hitherto been placed
xix. ); spurious.
in the rank he deserves to hold : and to this the
No one has ever set before the medical profession reader is referred for further particulars.
a higher standard of perfection than Galen, and A list of the fragments, short spurious works,
few, if any, have more nearly, approached it in and lost and unpublished writings of Galen, are
their own person.
He evidently appears from his given in Kühn's edition.
works to have been a most accomplished and Respecting Galen's personal history, see Phil.
learned man, and one of his short essays (§ 107. ) Labbei, Elogium Chronologicum Galoni; and, l'ita
is written to inculcate the necessity of a physician's Guleni ex propriis Operibus collecta, Paris, 1660,
being acquainted with other branches of knowledge 8vo. ; Ren. Chartier's Life, prefixed to his edition
besides merely medicine. Of his numerous philoso- of Galen ; Dan. Le Clerc, Hist. de la Médecine ;
phical writings the greater part are lost; but liis ce-J. A. Fabricii Biblioth. Graeca. In the new edition
lebrity in logic and metaphysics appears to have the article was revised and rewritten by J. C. G.
been great among the ancients, as he is mentioned Ackermann; and this, with some additions by
in company with Plato and Aristotle by his con- the editor, is prefixed by Kühn to his edition of
temporary, Alexander Aphrodisiensis. (Comment. in Galen. Kuri Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzney-
Aristot. “ Topica," viii. 1. p. 262, ed. Venet. 1513. ) kunde, translated into French by Jourdan.
Alexander is said by the Arabic historians to have His writings and opinions are discussed by
been personally acquainted with Galen, and to have Jac. Brucker, in his Hist. Crit. Philosoph. ; Alb.
nicknamed him Mule's Head, on account of “ the von Haller, in his Biblioth. Bolan. , Biblioth. Chi-
strength of his head in argument and disputation. " rurg. , and Biblioth. Medic. Pract. ; Le Clerc and
(Casiri, Biblioth. Aralico-Hisp. Escur. vol
. i. p: Sprengel, in their Histories of Medicine ; Spren-
243; Abu-l-Faraj, Hist. Dynast. p. 78. ) Galen had gel, in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der Medicin.
profoundly studied the logic of the Stoics and of Some of the most useful works for those who are
Aristotle: he wrote a Commentary on the whole studying Galen's own writings, are, — - Andr. La-
of the Organon (except perhaps the Topica), and cunae Epitome Galeni, Basil. 1551, fol. , and
bis other works on Logic amounted to about thirty, several times reprinted. ; Ant. Musa Brassavoli
of which only one short essay remains, viz. De So Index in Opera Galeni, forming one of the volumes
phismatibus penes Dictionem, whose genuineness has of the Juntine editions of Galen (a most valu-
been considered doubtful. His logical works ap- able work, though unnecessarily prolix); Conr.
pear to have been well known to the Arabic Gesneri Prolegomena to Froben's third edition of
authors, and to have been translated into that lan- Galen's works.
guage ; and it is from Averroës that we learn that The Commentaries on separate works, or on
the fourth figure of a syllogism was ascribed to different classes of his works, are too numerous to
Galen (Erpos, in Porphyr. “ Introd. " vol. i. p. 56, be here mentioned. The most complete biblio-
verso, and p. 63, verso, ed. Venet. 1552); à tra- graphical information respecting Galen will be found
dition which is found in no Greek writer, but in Haller's Bibliothecae, Ackermann's Historia
which, in the absence of any contradictory tes Literaria, and Choulant's Handb. der Bücherkunde
timony, has been generally followed, and has für die Aeltere Medicin, and his Biblioth. Medica
caused the figure to be called by his name. It is, Historica,
however, rejected by Averroës, as less natural than Some other physicians that are said to have
the others; and M. Saint Hilaire (De la Logique bome the name of Galen, and who are mentioned
d'Aristote) considers that it may possibly have by Fabricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 166, ed.
been Galen who gave to this form the name of the vet. ), seem to be of doubtful authority. (W. A. G. )
fourth figure, but that, considered as an annex to GALEOTAE. (Galeus. )
the first (of which it is merely a clumsy and in- GALERIA FUNDA'NA, the second wife of
verted form), it had long been known in the Peri- the emperor Vitellius, by whom he had a daughter
patetic School, and was probably received from and a son, Germanicus, who was almost deaf, and
Aristotle himself.
was afterwards killed by Mucianus. The father
In Philosophy, as in Medicine, he does not ap- of Galeria Fundana had been praetor. She appears
pear to have addicted himself to any particular to have been a woman of a mild and gentle cha-
school, but to have studied the doctrines of each ; racter, for she protected Trachalus, with her hus-
though neither is he to be called an eclectic in the band, against those who had denounced him, and
same sense as were Plotinus, Porphyry, lambli. she felt very deeply and keenly the brutal de-
chus, and others. He was most attached to the gradation and cruelty of which Vitellius was guilty.
Peripatetic School, to which he often accommo- (Tac. Hist. ii. 59, 60, 64, iii. 66, iv. 80 ; Suet.
dates the maxims of the Old Academy. He was Vil. 6 ; Dion Cass. Ixv. 4. )
(L. S. )
far removed from the Neo-Platonists, and with the GALEʻRIA VALE’RIA. [MAXIMJANUS. )
followers of the New Academy, the Stoics, and the GALERIA'NUS, CALPURNIUS, was a son
Epicureans he carried on frequent controversies. of C. Piso, who perished immediately after his adopu
He did not agree with those advocates of universal | tion to the empire by Galba, in A. D. 69. Galerianus
:
## p. 218 (#234) ############################################
218
GALLA.
GALLA.
1
1
1
1
son.
was too young to take part in the contest between Valentinian ; but we prefer, with Gibbon, the ac-
Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. But his noble count of Zosimus. During the absence of Theo-
birth, his youth, and popularity, awakened the dosius in Italy, Galla was turned out of the palace
jealousy of Vespasian's prefect, Mucianus. Gale- at Constantinople by her step-son, the boy Arca-
rianus was arrested at Rome, conducted by a strong dius, or by those who governed in his name. She
guard forty miles along the Appian road, and put died in childbirth, A. D. 394, just as Theodosius
to death by injecting poison into his veins. (Tac. was setting out to attack Arbogastes and Eugenius,
llist. iv. 11. )
(W. B. D. ] after giving to Theodosius a daughter, Galla Placidia
GALERIUS TRA'CHALUS. [TRACHALUS. ) (No. 3), and apparently a son named Gratian.
GALE'RIUS VALE'RIUS MAXIMIA' (Ambros. De Obit. Thcodos. Orat. c. 10, and note of
NUS. [MAXIMIANUS. )
the Benedictine editors. ) Whether the latter, who
GAʼLEUS (ráneos), that is, “the lizard," a certainly died before his father, was the child
son of Apollo and Themisto, the daughter of the whose birth occasioned her death, or whether there
Hyperborean king Zabius. In pursuance of an was a third child, is not clear. Tillemont under-
oracle of the Dodonenn Zeus, Galeus emigrated to stands Philostorgius to claim Galla as an Arian ;
Sicily, where he built a sanctuary to his father but the passage in Philostorgius (x. 7) appears to
A pollo. The Galeotae, a family of Sicilian sooth- refer rather to her mother, Justina. However, the
sayers, derived their origin from him. (Aelian, Paschal Chronicle calls her an Arian, and the
V. H. xii. 46 ; Cic. de Dirin. 1. 20 ; Steph. Byz. marked silence of Ambrose with respect to Gaila
s. v. yaltwta1. ) The principal seat of the Galea- | in the passage just referred to makes it not unlikely
the was the town of Hybla, which was hence that she was suspected or known to be not ortho-
called yalewmis, or, as Thucydides (vi. 62. ) writes dox. (Zosim. iv. 44, 45, 55, 57; Marcellin.
it, γελεάτις. )
[L. S. ) Chron. ; Chron. l'asch. p. 563, cd. Bonn; Tille-
GALI'NTHIAS (Talvolás), or, as Ovid (Met. mont, Hist. des Emp. vol. v. ; Gibbon, c. xxvii. )
ix. 306) calls her, Galanthis, was a daughter of 3. GALLA PLACIDIA, so named in coins and
Proetus of Thebes and a friend of Alcmene. When inscriptions ; but by historians more commonly
the latter was on the point of giving birth to Hera- called simply PLACIDIA, was the daughter of Theo-
cles, and the Moerae and Eileithyia, at the re- dosius the Great by his second wife Galla (No. 2. ),
quest of Hera, were endeavouring to prevent or the date of her birth does not appear: it must
delay the birth, Galinthias suddenly rushed in with have been not earlier than 388, and not later than
the false report that Alcmene had given birth to a 393. She was at Rome in A. D. 408, and is ac-
The hostile goddesses were so surprised at cused of being one of the parties to the death of
this information that they dropped their arms. her cousin Serena, Stilicho's widow, who was
Thus the charm was broken, and Alcmene was suspected of corresponding with or favouring
enabled to give birth to Heracles. The deluded Alaric, who was then besieging the city. It ap-
goddesses avenged the deception practised upon pears from this, that Placidia was then old enough
them by Galinthias by metamorphosing her into a to have some influence in public affairs, which con-
weasel or cat (yatñ), and dooming her to lead a sideration would lead us to throw back the date of
joyless life in obscure holes and corners. Hecate, her birth as far as possible. Gibbon says she was
however, took pity upon her, and made her her about twenty in 408, which is probably correct.
attendant, and Heracles afterwards erected a sanc- When Alaric took Rome, A. D. 410, Placidia fell
tuary to her. At Thebes it was customary at the into his hands (if indeed she had not been pre-
festival of Heracles first to offer sacrifices to Galin- viously in his power), and was detained by him
thias. (Ov. loc. ; Anton. Lib. 29; Aelian, H.
115. On De Humoribus (vol. xvi. ). 116. On the 132. Προς Θρασύβουλον περί 'Αρίστης Αιρέσεως,
Prognosticon (vol. xviii. pt. j. ). 117. On the De Optima Secta ad Thrasybulum (vol. i. ). 133.
first book of the Draedictiones (or Prorrhetica) (vol. nepl Aplotas Aidaskalías, De Optima Doctrina
xvi). 118. On the first book De Morbis Popu- (vol. i. ) 134. Περί των παρά την λέξιν Σωφισ-
laribus (vol. xvii. pt. i. ). 119. On the second uátwv, De Sophismatibus (vel Captionibus) penes
book De Morbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pt. i. ). Dictionem (rol. xiv. ). 135. MPOT PETTIKÒS Moyos
120. On the third book De Morbis Popularibus én tds Téxras, Oratio Suasoria ad Artes (vol. i. ).
(vol. xvii. pt. 1. ). 121. On the sixth book De | 136. Προς Πατρόφιλον περί Συστάσεως Ιατρικής,
Morbis Popularibus (vol. xvii. pts. i. and ii. ). De Constitutione Artis Medicae ad Patrophilum
122. On the Aphorisms of Hippocrates, in seven (vol. 1. ). 137. Περί των Ιπποκράτους και Πλάτω-
books (vols. xvii. pt. ii. , and xviii. pt. i. ). 123. vos Aoyuátwv, De Hippocratis et Platonis Decretis
Mpòs Aúkov, Adversus Lycum (vol. xviii. pt. i. ). (vol. v. ). This is a philosophical and contro-
A work in defence of one of the Aphorisms of versial work, directed against Chrysippus, and
Hippocrates. (Aphor. i. 14. vol. iii
. p. 710. ) others of the old philosophers, and containing at
124. Προς τα 'Αντειρημένα τους Ιπποκράτους | the same time much physiological matter. It was
'Apoplouois UTÒ 'lovliavoû, Adversus ea quae a begun probably about A. D. 165, and finished about
Juliano in Hippocratis Aphorismos dicta sunt (vol. the year 170. 138. Téxon 'Iatpeka, Ars Me-
xviii. pt. i. ). 125. Commentary on Hippocrates, dica (vol. i. ). It is often called in old editions and
De Ratione Victus in Morbis Acutis (vol
. xv. ). MSS. Ars Parva, to distinguish it from Galen's
126. On De Officina Medici (vol. xviii. pt. ii. ). longer work, De Methodo Medendi; and this title
127. On De Fracturis (vol. xviii. pt. ii. ). 128. is not unfrequently corrupted into Microtechni,
On De Articulis (vol. xviii. pt. i. ). 129. Tep! Toù Microtegni, Teme, &c. This is perhaps the most
Tap' 'Intokpátel Kuatos, De Comate secundum celebrated of all Galen's works, and was commonly
Hippocraten (vol. vii. ); of doubtful genuineness. used as a text-book in the middle ages. Tbe
130. Περί της κατά τον Ιπποκράτης Διαίτης | number of Latin editions and commentaries is very
επί των οξέων Νοσημάτων, De Victus Ratione in | great. 139. Περί των Ιδίων Βιβλίων, Le Libris
Morbis Acutis secundum Hippocratem (vol. xix. ); Proprüs (vol. xix. ). 140. Tepl tñs Táçews TW
of doubtful genuineness.
'Ιδίων Βιβλίων, De Ordine Librorum Ρropriorum
Pew persons have ever been so well quali- |(vol. xix. ). 141. Tepi Alaycrews Kai Oepanelas
fied to illustrate and explain the writings of των εν τη εκάστου Ψυχή 'Ιδίων Παθών, De Dig-
Hippocrates as Galen ; both from his unfeigned notione et Curatione Propriorum cujusque Anima
(though not indiscriminate) admiration for his Affectuum (vol. v. ). 142. Nepi Alayvuoews kad
works, and also from the time in which he lived, | Θεραπείας των εν τη εκάστου Ψυχή Αμαρτημάτων,
and from his own intellectual qualities. Accord- De Dignotione et Curatione cujusque Animi Peccato
ingly, his Commentaries have always been con- rum (vol. v. ). 143. Eioarami, 'latpós, Intro
sidered a most valuable assistance in understanding Iductio, seu sledicus (vol
. xiv. ); of doubtful genư
## p. 217 (#233) ############################################
GALENUS.
217
GALERIANUS.
ineness. 144. De Subfururatione Empirica (vol. ii. scepticism who asserted that no such thing as cer-
ed. Chart. ). 145. Tepl’Ebwv, De Consuctudinibus tainty could be attained in any science, but was
(vol. vi. ed. Chart. ); of doubtful genuineness. content to suspend his judgment on those matters
146. Nepi Pidooópou 'Iotopías, De Historia Phi- | which were not capable of observation, as, for in-
losophica (vol. xix. ). This is Plutarch's work De stance, the nature of the human soul, respecting
Philosophorum Decrctis, with a few trifling altera- which he confessed he was still in doubt, and bad
tion. "147. "Opor 'latpikol, Definitiones Medicae not even been able to attain to a probable opinion.
(vol. xix. ); of doubtful genuineness. 148. De (De Foct. Form. vol
. iv. p. 700. ) The fullest ac-
Partibus Artis Medicae (vol. ii. ed. Chart. ); of count of Galen's philosophical opinions is given by
doubtful genuineness. 149. "Ori ai Moottes Kurt Sprengel in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der
'Aowuatoi, Quod Qualitutes Incorporeac sint (vol. Melicin, who thinks he has not hitherto been placed
xix. ); spurious.
in the rank he deserves to hold : and to this the
No one has ever set before the medical profession reader is referred for further particulars.
a higher standard of perfection than Galen, and A list of the fragments, short spurious works,
few, if any, have more nearly, approached it in and lost and unpublished writings of Galen, are
their own person.
He evidently appears from his given in Kühn's edition.
works to have been a most accomplished and Respecting Galen's personal history, see Phil.
learned man, and one of his short essays (§ 107. ) Labbei, Elogium Chronologicum Galoni; and, l'ita
is written to inculcate the necessity of a physician's Guleni ex propriis Operibus collecta, Paris, 1660,
being acquainted with other branches of knowledge 8vo. ; Ren. Chartier's Life, prefixed to his edition
besides merely medicine. Of his numerous philoso- of Galen ; Dan. Le Clerc, Hist. de la Médecine ;
phical writings the greater part are lost; but liis ce-J. A. Fabricii Biblioth. Graeca. In the new edition
lebrity in logic and metaphysics appears to have the article was revised and rewritten by J. C. G.
been great among the ancients, as he is mentioned Ackermann; and this, with some additions by
in company with Plato and Aristotle by his con- the editor, is prefixed by Kühn to his edition of
temporary, Alexander Aphrodisiensis. (Comment. in Galen. Kuri Sprengel, Geschichte der Arzney-
Aristot. “ Topica," viii. 1. p. 262, ed. Venet. 1513. ) kunde, translated into French by Jourdan.
Alexander is said by the Arabic historians to have His writings and opinions are discussed by
been personally acquainted with Galen, and to have Jac. Brucker, in his Hist. Crit. Philosoph. ; Alb.
nicknamed him Mule's Head, on account of “ the von Haller, in his Biblioth. Bolan. , Biblioth. Chi-
strength of his head in argument and disputation. " rurg. , and Biblioth. Medic. Pract. ; Le Clerc and
(Casiri, Biblioth. Aralico-Hisp. Escur. vol
. i. p: Sprengel, in their Histories of Medicine ; Spren-
243; Abu-l-Faraj, Hist. Dynast. p. 78. ) Galen had gel, in his Beiträge zur Geschichte der Medicin.
profoundly studied the logic of the Stoics and of Some of the most useful works for those who are
Aristotle: he wrote a Commentary on the whole studying Galen's own writings, are, — - Andr. La-
of the Organon (except perhaps the Topica), and cunae Epitome Galeni, Basil. 1551, fol. , and
bis other works on Logic amounted to about thirty, several times reprinted. ; Ant. Musa Brassavoli
of which only one short essay remains, viz. De So Index in Opera Galeni, forming one of the volumes
phismatibus penes Dictionem, whose genuineness has of the Juntine editions of Galen (a most valu-
been considered doubtful. His logical works ap- able work, though unnecessarily prolix); Conr.
pear to have been well known to the Arabic Gesneri Prolegomena to Froben's third edition of
authors, and to have been translated into that lan- Galen's works.
guage ; and it is from Averroës that we learn that The Commentaries on separate works, or on
the fourth figure of a syllogism was ascribed to different classes of his works, are too numerous to
Galen (Erpos, in Porphyr. “ Introd. " vol. i. p. 56, be here mentioned. The most complete biblio-
verso, and p. 63, verso, ed. Venet. 1552); à tra- graphical information respecting Galen will be found
dition which is found in no Greek writer, but in Haller's Bibliothecae, Ackermann's Historia
which, in the absence of any contradictory tes Literaria, and Choulant's Handb. der Bücherkunde
timony, has been generally followed, and has für die Aeltere Medicin, and his Biblioth. Medica
caused the figure to be called by his name. It is, Historica,
however, rejected by Averroës, as less natural than Some other physicians that are said to have
the others; and M. Saint Hilaire (De la Logique bome the name of Galen, and who are mentioned
d'Aristote) considers that it may possibly have by Fabricius (Biblioth. Graec. vol. xiii. p. 166, ed.
been Galen who gave to this form the name of the vet. ), seem to be of doubtful authority. (W. A. G. )
fourth figure, but that, considered as an annex to GALEOTAE. (Galeus. )
the first (of which it is merely a clumsy and in- GALERIA FUNDA'NA, the second wife of
verted form), it had long been known in the Peri- the emperor Vitellius, by whom he had a daughter
patetic School, and was probably received from and a son, Germanicus, who was almost deaf, and
Aristotle himself.
was afterwards killed by Mucianus. The father
In Philosophy, as in Medicine, he does not ap- of Galeria Fundana had been praetor. She appears
pear to have addicted himself to any particular to have been a woman of a mild and gentle cha-
school, but to have studied the doctrines of each ; racter, for she protected Trachalus, with her hus-
though neither is he to be called an eclectic in the band, against those who had denounced him, and
same sense as were Plotinus, Porphyry, lambli. she felt very deeply and keenly the brutal de-
chus, and others. He was most attached to the gradation and cruelty of which Vitellius was guilty.
Peripatetic School, to which he often accommo- (Tac. Hist. ii. 59, 60, 64, iii. 66, iv. 80 ; Suet.
dates the maxims of the Old Academy. He was Vil. 6 ; Dion Cass. Ixv. 4. )
(L. S. )
far removed from the Neo-Platonists, and with the GALEʻRIA VALE’RIA. [MAXIMJANUS. )
followers of the New Academy, the Stoics, and the GALERIA'NUS, CALPURNIUS, was a son
Epicureans he carried on frequent controversies. of C. Piso, who perished immediately after his adopu
He did not agree with those advocates of universal | tion to the empire by Galba, in A. D. 69. Galerianus
:
## p. 218 (#234) ############################################
218
GALLA.
GALLA.
1
1
1
1
son.
was too young to take part in the contest between Valentinian ; but we prefer, with Gibbon, the ac-
Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian. But his noble count of Zosimus. During the absence of Theo-
birth, his youth, and popularity, awakened the dosius in Italy, Galla was turned out of the palace
jealousy of Vespasian's prefect, Mucianus. Gale- at Constantinople by her step-son, the boy Arca-
rianus was arrested at Rome, conducted by a strong dius, or by those who governed in his name. She
guard forty miles along the Appian road, and put died in childbirth, A. D. 394, just as Theodosius
to death by injecting poison into his veins. (Tac. was setting out to attack Arbogastes and Eugenius,
llist. iv. 11. )
(W. B. D. ] after giving to Theodosius a daughter, Galla Placidia
GALERIUS TRA'CHALUS. [TRACHALUS. ) (No. 3), and apparently a son named Gratian.
GALE'RIUS VALE'RIUS MAXIMIA' (Ambros. De Obit. Thcodos. Orat. c. 10, and note of
NUS. [MAXIMIANUS. )
the Benedictine editors. ) Whether the latter, who
GAʼLEUS (ráneos), that is, “the lizard," a certainly died before his father, was the child
son of Apollo and Themisto, the daughter of the whose birth occasioned her death, or whether there
Hyperborean king Zabius. In pursuance of an was a third child, is not clear. Tillemont under-
oracle of the Dodonenn Zeus, Galeus emigrated to stands Philostorgius to claim Galla as an Arian ;
Sicily, where he built a sanctuary to his father but the passage in Philostorgius (x. 7) appears to
A pollo. The Galeotae, a family of Sicilian sooth- refer rather to her mother, Justina. However, the
sayers, derived their origin from him. (Aelian, Paschal Chronicle calls her an Arian, and the
V. H. xii. 46 ; Cic. de Dirin. 1. 20 ; Steph. Byz. marked silence of Ambrose with respect to Gaila
s. v. yaltwta1. ) The principal seat of the Galea- | in the passage just referred to makes it not unlikely
the was the town of Hybla, which was hence that she was suspected or known to be not ortho-
called yalewmis, or, as Thucydides (vi. 62. ) writes dox. (Zosim. iv. 44, 45, 55, 57; Marcellin.
it, γελεάτις. )
[L. S. ) Chron. ; Chron. l'asch. p. 563, cd. Bonn; Tille-
GALI'NTHIAS (Talvolás), or, as Ovid (Met. mont, Hist. des Emp. vol. v. ; Gibbon, c. xxvii. )
ix. 306) calls her, Galanthis, was a daughter of 3. GALLA PLACIDIA, so named in coins and
Proetus of Thebes and a friend of Alcmene. When inscriptions ; but by historians more commonly
the latter was on the point of giving birth to Hera- called simply PLACIDIA, was the daughter of Theo-
cles, and the Moerae and Eileithyia, at the re- dosius the Great by his second wife Galla (No. 2. ),
quest of Hera, were endeavouring to prevent or the date of her birth does not appear: it must
delay the birth, Galinthias suddenly rushed in with have been not earlier than 388, and not later than
the false report that Alcmene had given birth to a 393. She was at Rome in A. D. 408, and is ac-
The hostile goddesses were so surprised at cused of being one of the parties to the death of
this information that they dropped their arms. her cousin Serena, Stilicho's widow, who was
Thus the charm was broken, and Alcmene was suspected of corresponding with or favouring
enabled to give birth to Heracles. The deluded Alaric, who was then besieging the city. It ap-
goddesses avenged the deception practised upon pears from this, that Placidia was then old enough
them by Galinthias by metamorphosing her into a to have some influence in public affairs, which con-
weasel or cat (yatñ), and dooming her to lead a sideration would lead us to throw back the date of
joyless life in obscure holes and corners. Hecate, her birth as far as possible. Gibbon says she was
however, took pity upon her, and made her her about twenty in 408, which is probably correct.
attendant, and Heracles afterwards erected a sanc- When Alaric took Rome, A. D. 410, Placidia fell
tuary to her. At Thebes it was customary at the into his hands (if indeed she had not been pre-
festival of Heracles first to offer sacrifices to Galin- viously in his power), and was detained by him
thias. (Ov. loc. ; Anton. Lib. 29; Aelian, H.
