He was in
mercantile
life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
)
Michigan, Jan. 10, 1887. He was a physicia
who came to this country in 1849, practiced
with distinction, acquired note as a journalist,
and succeeded in Michigan politics. (Short
Letters to the German People on Two Sides
of the Ocean' (1851) and (From the Old and
New Worlds) (1883) represent his prose and
poetry respectively.
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of. An
English poet ; born in Witham, 1637; died in
Bath, 1706. Elegant and agreeable as a man
and as a poet, he will be longest remembered
for the effusion, "To All You Ladies Now at
Hand,' a song unequaled for its sea-fighting
spirit.
10
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150
DORSEY – DOVALLE
Dorsey, Anna Hanson. An American poet,
novelist, and dramatist; born in Georgetown,
D. C. , Dec. 12, 1815; died in Washington, D. C. ,
Dec. 26, 1896. Many of her works have been
reprinted in foreign countries; among them
being May Brooke) (1856) and Oriental
Pearl, translated into German (1857). Her
novels, "Warp and Woof) and Palms, were
published in 1887.
Dorsey, James Owen. An American ethnol-
ogist; born in Baltimore, Md. , Oct. 31, 1848;
died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 4, 1895. He
was ordained a deacon in the Protestant Epis.
copal Church, and was engaged in parish work
in Maryland from 1873 to 1878. He was then
appointed ethnologist to the United States
Geological and Geographical Survey of the
Rocky Mountains; and after spending some
time at the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska,
was transferred to the United States Bureau of
Ethnology. His chief works are: (On the Com-
parative Phonology of Four Siouian (Sioux)
Languages) (1883); (Siouian Folklore and
Mythologic Notes) (1884); Kansas Mourning
and War Customs) (1884); Indian Personal
Names) (1886).
Dorsey, Sarah Anne. An American prose-
writer; born in Natchez, Miss. , Feb. 16, 1829;
died in New Orleans, La. , July 4, 1879. She
was a linguist and a student of Sanskrit.
Her literary work began with the (Episcopal)
Churchman. Included in her writings are :
(Lucia Dare) (1867); (Panola, a Tale of Loui.
siana' (1877); (Atalie); and (Agnes Graham. !
She was amanuensis to Jefferson Davis in the
preparation of his (Rise and Fall of the Con-
federate Government. "
Doudney, Sarah. An English writer of fic.
tion; born near Portsmouth, England, in 1842;
resides in London. She began contributing to
magazines at 18, and is very popular, chiefly
as a writer of stories for girls. Her poem “The
Lesson of the Water Mill) is a familiar favor.
ite. Her prose works, over forty in number,
include : Under Grey Walls) (1871); (The Pi.
lot's Daughters' (1874); Nothing but Leaves!
(1882); Under False Colours) (1889).
Douglas, Alice May. An American writer
of verse and stories; born in Maine, 1865. Her
writings are for young readers, and include in
verse : Phlox); “May Flowers ); (Gems without
Polish); in stories : Jewel Gatherers'; (The
Peacemaker); and (Self-Exiled from Russia. '
Douglas, Amanda Minnie. An American
story-writer; born in New York city, July 14,
1838; was carefully educated in English liter-
ature. She has written many stories, which in-
clude: (Kathie's Stories for Young People
(6 vols. , 1870–71); From Hand to Mouth'
(1877); and (Foes of her Household' (1886).
Douglas, Gavin. A Scotch poet; born in
Perth (? ), 1474 (? ); died in London, Septem-
ber 1522. He lived a man of peace amid
resounding arms"; writing (The Palice of
Honour) (1553) while a cloistered youth, and
(King Hart,' an allegory of the state of man,
after he had become famed as a churchman,
translating also all of the Æneid. Heroic in
figure and in strain, he towers among his coun-
try's ancient bards.
Douglas, Robert Kennaway. An English
librarian and educator; born at Ottery St.
Mary, Devon, 1838. He was consular interpreter
in China, and subsequently acting vice-consul
at Taku, 1858-64. On his return to England
he occupied several important positions, includ-
ing a librarianship in the British Museum. In
1873 he was appointed professor of Chinese at
King's College, London. Among his publica.
tions are : Confucianism and Taouism' (1879);
(China) (1882); Chinese Stories! (1893).
Douglass, Frederick. An American eman-
cipator and orator; born a slave in Tuckahoe,
Md. , February 1817; died 1895. He escaped
from slavery in 1838; edited the North Star
at Rochester from 1847 until the abolition of
slavery. He was renowned as a lecturer and
an orator. He published: (The Life and Times
of Frederick Douglass) (1882); My Bondage
and My Freedom); Narrative of my Experi-
ence in Slavery); etc. He held important
government posts.
Dovalle, Charles (dā-väl'). A French poet;
born at Montreuil-Bellay, June 23, 1807; died
Nov. 30, 1829. He was a poor provincial who
came to Paris unknown, studied law, and burst
on the literary world with (The Oratory in
the Garden) and other delightful poems of a
like nature, besides an 'Ode on Liberty. His
promising career was closed at 22 in a duel,
the challenger being enraged at a literay criti
cism.
(
Dostoévsky, Feodor Michailovitch (dos-
to-yev'skē). A notable Russian novelist; born
at Moscow, Nov. II, 1821 ; died at St. Peters-
burg, Feb. 8, 1881. His first book, "Poor Folk)
(1846), an example of his talent for psychologi-
cal analysis, was followed by the short sto-
ries (A Black Heart,' (The Little Hero,' and
others. He was condemned to the Siberian
mines in 1849 for a socialist conspiracy, but in
1859 returned to St. Petersburg and resumed
literary work. The thrilling (Memoirs of a
Dead House) describes penal life in Siberia.
(Raskolnikov) traces with wonderful skill the
origin and effects on the soul of a criminal
act. Complete Works, 14 vols. There are
translations of several of his works. *
Doucet, Charles Camille (dö-sā'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, May 16, 1812. He
became in 1853 a government official in the
theatrical department ; was elected to the
Academy in 1876, and soon after made its
standing secretary. The best known of his
many very successful comedies are: A Young
Man (1841); "Lawyer in his Own Cause)
(1842); Forbidden Fruit) (1857); Considera-
tion. His lyric pieces for the stage, Velas-
quez) (1847) and (Antonio's Barque) (1849),
were crowned by the Academy.
## p. 151 (#167) ############################################
DOVIZI - DRAPER
151
(
1
Dovizi or Dovizio, Bernardo. See Bibbiena.
Dowden, Edward. An Irish poet and his.
torian of literature; born at Cork, May 3, 1843.
He is professor of English literature in Trinity
College, Dublin. He published a volume of
(Poems) (1876); his other writings are bio-
graphical and critical : e. g. , 'Shakespeare, his
Mind and Art) (1872), a work of high author-
ity, which reached a fifth edition (1887) and has
been translated into German ; (Southey) (1879);
Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley) (1886); (Studies
in Literature) (3d ed. 1887); Introduction to
Shakespeare) (1893); (Primer of French Liter-
ature (1897). He visited this country in 1896,
delivering a notable series of lectures at Prince-
ton. *
Dowling, Bartholomew. An Irish poet ;
born in Limerick, 182-. He lived for a time
in this country. He is noted for his lyric (The
Brigade at Fontenoy) and for (The Revel. ?
Downes, William Howe. An American jour-
nalist; born in Connecticut, 1854. He is on the
staff of the Boston Transcript, and is an art
critic. His publications are : (Spanish Ways
and By-Ways); “The Tin Army of the Poto-
mac, or a Kindergarten of War.
Downing, Andrew Jackson. An American
landscape-gardener; born in Newburg, N. Y. ,
Oct. 20, 1815; drowned near Yonkers, N. Y. , July
28, 1852. His Landscape Gardening and Rural
Architecture ) (1841); <Cottage Residences)
(1842); Fruits and Fruit Trees of America)
(1845), were long considered authorities on the
subjects of which they treat.
Downing, Fanny Murdaugh. An American
poet and novelist; born in Portsmouth, Va. ,
about 1835; died 1894. Included in her novels
are Nameless) (1865); Perfect through Suf-
fering); her poems are (The Legend of Ca-
tawba) and (Dixie) (1867). Her pen-names
were ( Viola” and “Frank Dashmore. ”
Doyle, A. Conan. A Scotch story and ro.
mance writer; born in Edinburgh, 1859. He
was carefully trained for a physician, but went
to London at 20 and adopted literature as a
profession. His greatest success was won with
the series of detective tales known as the Sher-
lock Holmes stories : (The Adventures of Sher-
lock Holmes, etc. He has also written : (The
Adventures of Brigadier Gerard (1895), a Na-
poleonic romance; (The Stark-Munro Letters)
(1895), a series of portraitures; and Uncle
Bernac) (1897), a historical tale. *
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings. An English
poet; born in Yorkshire, 1810; died 1888. He
was long professor of poetry at Oxford. He
published The Return of the Guards, and
Other Poems) (1866).
Drachmann, Holger (dräch'män). A Dan.
ish poet and novelist; born at Copenhagen,
Oct. 9, 1846. He is essentially an improvisatore;
and his works show a lively fancy, and excel
in descriptions of the life of the common peo.
ple, especially fishermen and mariners. His
(Poems) appeared in 1872. His novels are
(Condemned) and "Once upon a Time. *
Drake, Benjamin. An American biograph.
ical writer; born in Mason County, Ky. , in
1794; died in Cincinnati, O. , April 1, 1841. He
established and for many years edited the West-
ern Agriculturist. Among his publications are :
(Adventures of Black Hawk) (1838); Life
of William Henry Harrison) (1840); and Life
of Tecumseh) (1841). The last work is consid-
ered of especial historic value.
Drake, Francis Samuel. An American his-
torical writer; born in Northwood, N. H. , Feb.
22, 1828; died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 22,
1885. He prepared a Dictionary of American
Biography) (1872). He also published: (Life
of Gen. Henry Knox) (1873); (Tea Leaves)
(1884); and (Indian History for Young Folks)
(1885). Before his death he had gathered ma-
terial for a new edition of his Dictionary,'
which is to be found in (Appleton's Cyclopædia
of American Biography. '
Drake, Joseph Rodman. An American poet;
born at New York, Aug. 7, 1795; died Sept. 21,
1820. The poems for which he is gratefully
remembered are (The Culprit Fay' (1819) and
(The American Flag) (1819). He wrote also
some shorter pieces, notably a poem : Abe-
lard to Heloïse. With Fitz-Greene Halleck,
under the signature «The Croakers,” he pub-
lished in a New York journal in 1819 a series
of short lyrics, mostly of a humorous kind, on
the political affairs of the time. *
Drake, Samuel Adams. An American jour-
nalist and miscellaneous writer; born at Bos.
ton, Dec. 20, 1833. He entered journalism in
1858 as correspondent of the Louisville Journal
and St. Louis Republican. In 1861 he joined
the army and served throughout the war, be-
coming brigadier-general in 1863. He returned
to Boston in 1871 and resumed literary work.
His most important publications are: Old
Landmarks of Boston' (1872); Around the
Hub) (1881); New England Legends) (1883).
Drake, Samuel Gardner. An American
antiquarian; born in Pittsfield, N. H. , Oct. II,
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888.
He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
3
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152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession. In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
1
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154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant. He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV.
Michigan, Jan. 10, 1887. He was a physicia
who came to this country in 1849, practiced
with distinction, acquired note as a journalist,
and succeeded in Michigan politics. (Short
Letters to the German People on Two Sides
of the Ocean' (1851) and (From the Old and
New Worlds) (1883) represent his prose and
poetry respectively.
Dorset, Charles Sackville, Earl of. An
English poet ; born in Witham, 1637; died in
Bath, 1706. Elegant and agreeable as a man
and as a poet, he will be longest remembered
for the effusion, "To All You Ladies Now at
Hand,' a song unequaled for its sea-fighting
spirit.
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150
DORSEY – DOVALLE
Dorsey, Anna Hanson. An American poet,
novelist, and dramatist; born in Georgetown,
D. C. , Dec. 12, 1815; died in Washington, D. C. ,
Dec. 26, 1896. Many of her works have been
reprinted in foreign countries; among them
being May Brooke) (1856) and Oriental
Pearl, translated into German (1857). Her
novels, "Warp and Woof) and Palms, were
published in 1887.
Dorsey, James Owen. An American ethnol-
ogist; born in Baltimore, Md. , Oct. 31, 1848;
died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 4, 1895. He
was ordained a deacon in the Protestant Epis.
copal Church, and was engaged in parish work
in Maryland from 1873 to 1878. He was then
appointed ethnologist to the United States
Geological and Geographical Survey of the
Rocky Mountains; and after spending some
time at the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska,
was transferred to the United States Bureau of
Ethnology. His chief works are: (On the Com-
parative Phonology of Four Siouian (Sioux)
Languages) (1883); (Siouian Folklore and
Mythologic Notes) (1884); Kansas Mourning
and War Customs) (1884); Indian Personal
Names) (1886).
Dorsey, Sarah Anne. An American prose-
writer; born in Natchez, Miss. , Feb. 16, 1829;
died in New Orleans, La. , July 4, 1879. She
was a linguist and a student of Sanskrit.
Her literary work began with the (Episcopal)
Churchman. Included in her writings are :
(Lucia Dare) (1867); (Panola, a Tale of Loui.
siana' (1877); (Atalie); and (Agnes Graham. !
She was amanuensis to Jefferson Davis in the
preparation of his (Rise and Fall of the Con-
federate Government. "
Doudney, Sarah. An English writer of fic.
tion; born near Portsmouth, England, in 1842;
resides in London. She began contributing to
magazines at 18, and is very popular, chiefly
as a writer of stories for girls. Her poem “The
Lesson of the Water Mill) is a familiar favor.
ite. Her prose works, over forty in number,
include : Under Grey Walls) (1871); (The Pi.
lot's Daughters' (1874); Nothing but Leaves!
(1882); Under False Colours) (1889).
Douglas, Alice May. An American writer
of verse and stories; born in Maine, 1865. Her
writings are for young readers, and include in
verse : Phlox); “May Flowers ); (Gems without
Polish); in stories : Jewel Gatherers'; (The
Peacemaker); and (Self-Exiled from Russia. '
Douglas, Amanda Minnie. An American
story-writer; born in New York city, July 14,
1838; was carefully educated in English liter-
ature. She has written many stories, which in-
clude: (Kathie's Stories for Young People
(6 vols. , 1870–71); From Hand to Mouth'
(1877); and (Foes of her Household' (1886).
Douglas, Gavin. A Scotch poet; born in
Perth (? ), 1474 (? ); died in London, Septem-
ber 1522. He lived a man of peace amid
resounding arms"; writing (The Palice of
Honour) (1553) while a cloistered youth, and
(King Hart,' an allegory of the state of man,
after he had become famed as a churchman,
translating also all of the Æneid. Heroic in
figure and in strain, he towers among his coun-
try's ancient bards.
Douglas, Robert Kennaway. An English
librarian and educator; born at Ottery St.
Mary, Devon, 1838. He was consular interpreter
in China, and subsequently acting vice-consul
at Taku, 1858-64. On his return to England
he occupied several important positions, includ-
ing a librarianship in the British Museum. In
1873 he was appointed professor of Chinese at
King's College, London. Among his publica.
tions are : Confucianism and Taouism' (1879);
(China) (1882); Chinese Stories! (1893).
Douglass, Frederick. An American eman-
cipator and orator; born a slave in Tuckahoe,
Md. , February 1817; died 1895. He escaped
from slavery in 1838; edited the North Star
at Rochester from 1847 until the abolition of
slavery. He was renowned as a lecturer and
an orator. He published: (The Life and Times
of Frederick Douglass) (1882); My Bondage
and My Freedom); Narrative of my Experi-
ence in Slavery); etc. He held important
government posts.
Dovalle, Charles (dā-väl'). A French poet;
born at Montreuil-Bellay, June 23, 1807; died
Nov. 30, 1829. He was a poor provincial who
came to Paris unknown, studied law, and burst
on the literary world with (The Oratory in
the Garden) and other delightful poems of a
like nature, besides an 'Ode on Liberty. His
promising career was closed at 22 in a duel,
the challenger being enraged at a literay criti
cism.
(
Dostoévsky, Feodor Michailovitch (dos-
to-yev'skē). A notable Russian novelist; born
at Moscow, Nov. II, 1821 ; died at St. Peters-
burg, Feb. 8, 1881. His first book, "Poor Folk)
(1846), an example of his talent for psychologi-
cal analysis, was followed by the short sto-
ries (A Black Heart,' (The Little Hero,' and
others. He was condemned to the Siberian
mines in 1849 for a socialist conspiracy, but in
1859 returned to St. Petersburg and resumed
literary work. The thrilling (Memoirs of a
Dead House) describes penal life in Siberia.
(Raskolnikov) traces with wonderful skill the
origin and effects on the soul of a criminal
act. Complete Works, 14 vols. There are
translations of several of his works. *
Doucet, Charles Camille (dö-sā'). A French
dramatist; born at Paris, May 16, 1812. He
became in 1853 a government official in the
theatrical department ; was elected to the
Academy in 1876, and soon after made its
standing secretary. The best known of his
many very successful comedies are: A Young
Man (1841); "Lawyer in his Own Cause)
(1842); Forbidden Fruit) (1857); Considera-
tion. His lyric pieces for the stage, Velas-
quez) (1847) and (Antonio's Barque) (1849),
were crowned by the Academy.
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DOVIZI - DRAPER
151
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1
Dovizi or Dovizio, Bernardo. See Bibbiena.
Dowden, Edward. An Irish poet and his.
torian of literature; born at Cork, May 3, 1843.
He is professor of English literature in Trinity
College, Dublin. He published a volume of
(Poems) (1876); his other writings are bio-
graphical and critical : e. g. , 'Shakespeare, his
Mind and Art) (1872), a work of high author-
ity, which reached a fifth edition (1887) and has
been translated into German ; (Southey) (1879);
Life of Percy Bysshe Shelley) (1886); (Studies
in Literature) (3d ed. 1887); Introduction to
Shakespeare) (1893); (Primer of French Liter-
ature (1897). He visited this country in 1896,
delivering a notable series of lectures at Prince-
ton. *
Dowling, Bartholomew. An Irish poet ;
born in Limerick, 182-. He lived for a time
in this country. He is noted for his lyric (The
Brigade at Fontenoy) and for (The Revel. ?
Downes, William Howe. An American jour-
nalist; born in Connecticut, 1854. He is on the
staff of the Boston Transcript, and is an art
critic. His publications are : (Spanish Ways
and By-Ways); “The Tin Army of the Poto-
mac, or a Kindergarten of War.
Downing, Andrew Jackson. An American
landscape-gardener; born in Newburg, N. Y. ,
Oct. 20, 1815; drowned near Yonkers, N. Y. , July
28, 1852. His Landscape Gardening and Rural
Architecture ) (1841); <Cottage Residences)
(1842); Fruits and Fruit Trees of America)
(1845), were long considered authorities on the
subjects of which they treat.
Downing, Fanny Murdaugh. An American
poet and novelist; born in Portsmouth, Va. ,
about 1835; died 1894. Included in her novels
are Nameless) (1865); Perfect through Suf-
fering); her poems are (The Legend of Ca-
tawba) and (Dixie) (1867). Her pen-names
were ( Viola” and “Frank Dashmore. ”
Doyle, A. Conan. A Scotch story and ro.
mance writer; born in Edinburgh, 1859. He
was carefully trained for a physician, but went
to London at 20 and adopted literature as a
profession. His greatest success was won with
the series of detective tales known as the Sher-
lock Holmes stories : (The Adventures of Sher-
lock Holmes, etc. He has also written : (The
Adventures of Brigadier Gerard (1895), a Na-
poleonic romance; (The Stark-Munro Letters)
(1895), a series of portraitures; and Uncle
Bernac) (1897), a historical tale. *
Doyle, Sir Francis Hastings. An English
poet; born in Yorkshire, 1810; died 1888. He
was long professor of poetry at Oxford. He
published The Return of the Guards, and
Other Poems) (1866).
Drachmann, Holger (dräch'män). A Dan.
ish poet and novelist; born at Copenhagen,
Oct. 9, 1846. He is essentially an improvisatore;
and his works show a lively fancy, and excel
in descriptions of the life of the common peo.
ple, especially fishermen and mariners. His
(Poems) appeared in 1872. His novels are
(Condemned) and "Once upon a Time. *
Drake, Benjamin. An American biograph.
ical writer; born in Mason County, Ky. , in
1794; died in Cincinnati, O. , April 1, 1841. He
established and for many years edited the West-
ern Agriculturist. Among his publications are :
(Adventures of Black Hawk) (1838); Life
of William Henry Harrison) (1840); and Life
of Tecumseh) (1841). The last work is consid-
ered of especial historic value.
Drake, Francis Samuel. An American his-
torical writer; born in Northwood, N. H. , Feb.
22, 1828; died in Washington, D. C. , Feb. 22,
1885. He prepared a Dictionary of American
Biography) (1872). He also published: (Life
of Gen. Henry Knox) (1873); (Tea Leaves)
(1884); and (Indian History for Young Folks)
(1885). Before his death he had gathered ma-
terial for a new edition of his Dictionary,'
which is to be found in (Appleton's Cyclopædia
of American Biography. '
Drake, Joseph Rodman. An American poet;
born at New York, Aug. 7, 1795; died Sept. 21,
1820. The poems for which he is gratefully
remembered are (The Culprit Fay' (1819) and
(The American Flag) (1819). He wrote also
some shorter pieces, notably a poem : Abe-
lard to Heloïse. With Fitz-Greene Halleck,
under the signature «The Croakers,” he pub-
lished in a New York journal in 1819 a series
of short lyrics, mostly of a humorous kind, on
the political affairs of the time. *
Drake, Samuel Adams. An American jour-
nalist and miscellaneous writer; born at Bos.
ton, Dec. 20, 1833. He entered journalism in
1858 as correspondent of the Louisville Journal
and St. Louis Republican. In 1861 he joined
the army and served throughout the war, be-
coming brigadier-general in 1863. He returned
to Boston in 1871 and resumed literary work.
His most important publications are: Old
Landmarks of Boston' (1872); Around the
Hub) (1881); New England Legends) (1883).
Drake, Samuel Gardner. An American
antiquarian; born in Pittsfield, N. H. , Oct. II,
1798; died in Boston, Mass. , June 14, 1875. Pub.
lished (The History and Antiquities of Boston)
(1856), and History of the French and Indian
War) (1870).
Dranmor (drän'mör), pseudonym of Ferdi.
nand von Schmid. A Swiss poet; born in
Muri, Switzerland, July 22, 1823; died in Bern,
March 17, 1888.
He was in mercantile life and
also in the Austrian diplomatic service for
years; but his “Poetic Fragments) (1860) and
(Requiem (1870) have added his name to the
list of true poets.
Draper, John William. An American phys-
iologist, chemist, historical and miscellaneous
prose-writer; born near Liverpool, England,
May 5, 1811; died at Hastings-on-the-Hudson,
N. Y. , Jan. 4, 1882. He came to this country
in 1833, and took his degree as M. D. at the
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152
DRAPER - DROZ
University of Pennsylvania in 1836. He became
professor of chemistry in the University of New
York in 1841, and in 1850 professor of physi-
ology. Among his works are: (Human Phys-
iology) (1856); History of the Intellectual
Development of Europe) (1862), a work of
great importance and very widely read; (His-
tory of the American Civil War) (1867–70);
(History of the Conflict between Religion and
Science) (1875), which ran through many edi-
tions and was translated into nearly all the
languages of Europe. *
Draper, Lyman Copeland. An American
antiquarian; born in Hamburg, N. Y. , Sept. 4,
1815; died in Madison, Wis. , Aug. 26, 1891.
He removed to Madison in 1853; became cor-
responding secretary of the State Historical
Society, and it was mainly through his efforts
that the State secured its library and its im-
portant antiquarian collection. The State Uni.
versity gave him the degree of LL. D. in 1871.
He has published (Collections) of the State
Historical Society (10 vols. , 1853–87); Madison
the Capital of Wisconsin (1857); King's
Mountain and its Heroes' (1881).
Draxler-Manfred, Karl Ferdinand (drex'ler
män'fred). An Austrian poet and story-writer;
born in Lemberg, June 17, 1806; died in Darm-
stadt, Dec. 31, 1879. His collected Poems)
(1839), and the verse collection (Joy and Pain)
(1858), have profoundly impressed thousands
of earnest men and women, while his tales in
prose are original and pleasing.
Drayton, Michael. An English poet; born
near Atherstone in Warwickshire in 1563; died
in 1631. His first poem, "Harmonie of the
Church, was condemned. Then followed (The
Shepherd's Garland,' and poems on the wars
of England. His most celebrated composition
is 'Polyolbion. He wrote also several dramas,
among them (Sir John Oldcastle); and (Poems
Lyrick and Pastorall (1605), including the
celebrated (Ballad of Agincourt. *
Dreyfus, Abraham (drā-füs'). A French
playwright; born at Paris, June 20, 1847. He
has a fine vein of kindly humor, and it per-
vades both his contributions to the public jour-
nals and his theatrical compositions, which are
mostly in one act. Among them are: (A
Gentleman in Black); (The Victim); (The
Klepht); (A Break. His four-act play (The
St. Catherine Institution, a comedy of man-
ners, was
ght out at the Odéon (1881).
Drinker, Anna. An American poet; born at
Philadelphia, Pa. , Dec. 3, 1827. She is best
known by her nom de plume (Edith May. ”
She has published: Poems by Edith May)
(1854); (Tales and Verses for Children' (1855);
and Katy's Story. )
Driver, Samuel Rolles. An English edu-
cator and eminent Hebraist; born in South-
ampton in 1846. Fellow of and tutor in New
College, Oxford, in 1882, he became professor
of llebrew there. He was a member of the
Old Testament Revision Company. His best-
known works are : (Isaiah) (1888); Notes on
the Books of Samuel (1890); Introduction to
the Literature of the Old Testament (4th ed.
1893); and a new Hebrew Lexicon now in
course of publication.
Drobisch, Gustav Theodor (dro'bish). A
German humorist and versifier; born in Dres-
den, Dec. 26, 1811; died there, April 15, 1882.
His perception of the droll side of things is
keen and irresistible in 'Conceits and Satires)
(1843) and many similar collections of prose
and rhyme.
Droogenbroeck, Jan van (drö'gen-brėk). A
Flemish poet; born in St. Amand-on-Scheldt,
Jan. 18, 1835. He has long been an educator
of eminence, and issued his first verse collec-
tion, (Ghazels and Makames) (Arabian terms
for stanzas and songs) in 1866, under the
pseudonym of Jan Fergunt); his subsequent
volumes, on Camoens and other important sub-
jects, fully sustaining his reputation.
Drossinis, Georg (drõs'in-is). A Greek poet;
born at Athens, Dec. 21, 1859. He has pub-
lished five volumes of lyrics : “Spiders' Webs)
(1880); (Stalactites) (1881); Idylls) (1885);
(Straw Flowers) (1890); (Amaranths) (1891):
also some stories and other minor works in
prose. A charming simplicity of language and
an unsophisticated sensibility characterize all
his works.
Droste-Hülshoff, Annette Elisabeth von,
Baroness. A German poet (1797-1848); born
at Hülshoff near Münster. Learned in science,
she resided for years at Coblentz, Cologne, and
Bonn, in intimate friendship with the ablest
men there; from 1840 on she lived in studious
retirement at Meersburg Castle on Lake Con-
stance. Her poetry is comprised in a volume
of Poems) (1838), with two posthumous vol-
umes : (The Church Year, with an Appendix
of Religious Poems) (1852), and "Last Gifts
(1860). It is vigorous, original, unaffected, and
perfect in form. Her simple devoutness is
specially marked in the fragments (A Noble-
man of Lusatia) and (A Country Priest's Ways. ?
She excelled also as a novelist.
Droysen, Johann Gustav (droi'sen). A
German historian and biographer; born in
Treptow, on the Rega, July 6, 1808; died in
Berlin, June 19, 1884. He was noted for ripe
scholarship and for versions of Æschylus long
before the production of his masterpieces : (The
Life of Field Marshal Count York of Warten-
burg) (1851), and “The History of Prussian
Politics) (1855), politics meaning statecraft.
Droz, Gustave (dro). A French story-teller;
born at Paris, June 6, 1832; died 1895. He was
trained for a painter, but in 1864 gave up the
pencil for the pen. The extraordinary success
of his first volume of stories, Monsieur, Ma-
dame, and Baby,' justified the change. He
excels in little sketches of life and manners,
and his lively, playful descriptions of bachelor-
hood and married life captivate the public. He
has written : (Sadnesses and Smiles) (1883);
>
## p. 153 (#169) ############################################
DRUMMOND-DUCANGE
153
PI
LE
(A Bunch of Letters ); (At a Spring'; (The
Child); etc.
Drummond, Henry. A Scotch geologist and
religious writer; born at Stirling, 1851; died at
Tunbridge Wells, England, March 11, 1897. He
studied theology at Edinburgh University, but
did not adopt the clerical profession. In 1877
he was appointed professor of natural science
in the Free Church College, Glasgow. Natural
Law in the Spiritual World (1883), and its
successor (The Ascent of Man,' applications
of modern scientific methods to the immaterial
universe, have made his popular fame. He
traveled in Central Africa (1883-84) studying
its botany and geology, and later wrote the
highly interesting and instructive volume on
(Tropical Africa) (1888). Other semi-religious
writings of his are: Pax Vobiscum) (1890);
'The Greatest Thing in the World' (1890);
(The Programme of Christianity) (1892). *
Drummond, William, of Hawthornden. A
Scotch poet; born at Hawthornden near Edin-
burgh, Dec. 13, 1585; died Dec. 4, 1649. His
principal works are: (Tears on the Death
of Mæliades! (1613), Maliades being Prince
Henry, son of James I. ; "Poems Amorous, Fu-
nerall, Divine, Pastorall, in Sonnets, Songs,
Sextains, Madrigals) (1616); Forth Feasting)
(1017); Flowers of Zion. After a visit from
Ben Jonson, Drummond printed notes of their
conversations; a very interesting chapter in
literary history. *
Drushinin, Alexander Vassilyevitch (drö'-
she-nēn). A Russian critic and story-writer;
born in St. Petersburg, Oct. 20, 1824; died
there, Jan. 31, 1864. He is best known by his
tales, especially that of (Pauline Sachs) (1847);
but his essays on literary topics, notably (John-
son and Boswell,' and his translations from
Shakespeare, are meritorious.
Dryden, John. An eminent English poet;
born at Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire, Aug. 9,
1631 ; died in London, May 1, 1700. His first
poems include (Astræa Returned' (Astræa Re-
dux) and the Year of Wonder) (Annus Mira-
bilis). The best of his plays are: (The Conquest
of Grenada! (1670); Marriage à la Mode);
Aurungzebe); (All for Love) (1677); “The
Spanish Friar' (1681); (Don Sebastian' (1689).
Much more worthy of his talents and his fame
are (Absalom and Achitophel' and (The Hind
and the Panther. His Pindaric odes are not
surpassed by the work of any English poet ;
and his (Alexander's Feast) stands supreme
in its kind. He made spirited translations
of Virgil and Juvenal; and elaborated into
'Fables,' stories culled from foreign authors or
earlier English. *
Duboc, Charles Edouard. See Waldmüller.
Duboc, Julius (dü'bok). A German essay-
ist and critic; born in Hamburg, Oct. 10, 1829.
In periodical literature his distinction is marked,
and as a student of men and things he works
to good purpose in "The Psychology of Love)
(1874) and ( Against the Stream) (1877).
Du Boccage, Marie Anne Fiquet (dü-bok-
äzh'). A French poet (1710-1802); born (Le-
page) at Rouen. She accompanied her husband
in his European travels, and everywhere won
great celebrity for wit and beauty: "A Venus
for form, a Minerva for art. ” Her principal
works are an imitation of Paradise Lost'; a
paraphrase of Gessner's (Death of Abel); an
original epic, (The Columbiad); a tragedy,
(The Amazons, well received. Her Letters
on England, etc. , give full report of the hon-
ors showered upon her.
Du Boisgobey. See Boisgobey.
Du Bois-Reymond, Emil (dü-bwä'rā-môn').
An eminent German scientist ; born in Berlin,
Nov. 7, 1818. His career has been a series of
services to chemical, electrical, and physiologi-
cal science, well attested by his "Extant Con-
clusions of the Ancients with Reference to
Magnetism in Fishes) (1843); (The Limits of
Our Knowledge of Nature) (6th ed. 1884); and
(Investigations into Animal Magnetism (1848–
84).
Dubos, Jean Baptiste (dü-bo'). A French
critic and essayist; born in Beauvais, 1670; died
in Paris, March 23, 1742. He elevated criticism
to a place among the arts with his (Critical
Reflections on Poetry, Painting, and Music)
(1719), and other works on ästhetic topics.
Du Oamp, Maxime (dü-kon'). A French
writer of history and travels; born at Paris,
Feb. 8, 1822; died at Baden-Baden, Feb. 8, 1894.
(Egypt, Nubia, Palestine, and Syria) (1852) ex-
plains itself. He wrote the history of the Paris
Commune : (The Convulsions of Paris) (4 vols. ,
1878–79), and other historical sketches. His
greatest work is Paris : Its Organs, its Func-
tions, and its Life) (6 vols. , 1869-75). He wrote
some lyric poems: Modern Chants) (1855);
(Convictions) (1858); and several novels, among
them : (Memoirs of a Suicide) (1853); (The
Six Adventures) (1857); (The Man with the
Gold Bracelet) (1862). *
Du Cange, Charles Dufresne, Sieur (dü-
känzh'). A celebrated French scholar, lexi-
cographer, and historian; born at Amiens, Dec.
18, 1610; died at Paris, Oct. 23, 1688. A juris-
consult, advocate of the Paris Parliament, he
gave up the post to study. His (Glossary of
Middle and Low Latin) (3 vols. , 1678; com-
pleted and extended to 6 vols. by the Benedic-
tines of St. Maur, 1733-36; latest ed. by La
Fayre, 10 vols. , 1883-88) is still indispensable in
reading mediæval books. He is author of a
similar work on Greek: (Glossary for the Au-
thors of Middle and Low Greek) (2 vols. , 1688).
Besides these he wrote in French a History
of the Empire of Constantinople under the
Frank Emperors' (1657), and in Latin a By-
zantine History. Another important historical
work written by him is “Of the Princedoms
Oversea, first published (1869) under the title
(Families of Oversea. '
Ducange, Victor Henri Joseph Brahain. A
French poet and story-teller (1783-1833); born
1
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154
DU CHAILLU – DUGDALE
(
etc.
at the Hague. His first stories, Agatha' and
(Valentine,' were received with great favor; but
for his too realistic description in Valentine !
of the excesses of the royalist bands, he was
sent to jail for six months. Released, he was
again imprisoned, ostensibly for vilifying the
French Academy. Once more he offended
with «Thelene, or Love and War, and had to
take refuge in Belgium. Other novels are :
(The Confessor-Doctor); (The Artist and the
Soldier'; etc. Of his numerous plays the best
and most famed is (Thirty Years, or the Life
of a Gambler. His novels are vividly dra.
matic and descriptive, but he loves the horri.
ble too well.
Du Chaillu, Paul Belloni (dü-shi-yü'). A
French-American explorer and writer; born in
Paris, July 31, 1835. His travels in Africa, in
which he discovered the gorilla and the Pig-
mies, are detailed charmingly in (A Journey to
Ashango Land (1867), and My Apingi King-
dom) (1870). "The Land of the Midnight
Sun (1881) deals with Norway. (The Viking
Age) (1887) is a more ambitious work, intended
to re-create the old Norse civilization, and is
full of interest and picturesque touches. He
has written also many books for the young.
“Duchess, The. ” See Hungerford.
Ducis, Jean François (dü-se'). A French
dramatist (1733-1816); born at Versailles. His
adaptations of Shakespeare, all conformed to
the classic traditions of the French stage, were
very successful. His first original play, (Abu-
far, or the Arab Family,' met with hearty ap-
probation. A royalist, and secretary to the
Count d'Artois, during the Revolution and Con-
sulate he lived abroad; he returned when the
Empire was set up, but declined Napoleon's
offers of a place in public life.
Duclos, Charles Pinot (dü-klö'). A French
historian (1704-72); born at Dinant. He made
his literary début as a story-teller, in Con-
fessions of Count . . . ) (1742), which had
great success. Turning to history, he published
the History of Louis XI. ? (4 vols. , 1745). This
was followed by his greatest work but one,
"Considerations on the Manners of the Present
Age) (1749). His (Secret Memoirs upon the
Reign of Louis XIV.
