Pacurius Taurus, plebeian
of the previous Latin writers had done, but worked aedile, mentioned by Pliny (H.
of the previous Latin writers had done, but worked aedile, mentioned by Pliny (H.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - c
(Arsaces XIV.
), king
down to us, and which is entitled Paraenesis sire of Parthia His history is given under ARSACES
Erhurtatorius Libellus ad Poenitentiam, that he had XIV. , p. 356.
written a book called Cervulus. We also possess a 2. A contemporary of Pacorus, the son of Orodes
work of Pacianus on Baptism, intended for the use [No. 1], was one of the royal cup-bearers. After
of catechumens. The works of Pacianus have Pacorus, the son of Orodes, had conquered Saxa,
been published by Tilius, Paris, 1538 ; by Paulus Antony's quaestor (B. C. 40), and had overrun a
Manutius, Rome, 1564 ; and in the Bibl. Putr. great part of Syria, Antigonus, the son of Aristo-
Marim. vol. iv. pp. 305-319.
bulus, applied to him for help to restore him to the
Pacianus had a son, Flavius Dexter, a friend of Jewish throne. This request was immediately
Jerome, who dedicated to him his work, De Viris complied with ; and Pacorus, the cup-bearer, was
Ilustribus. [FLAVIUS, p. 174, b. ]
sent with a large force against Jerusalem. The
PACIDEIANUS, a gladiator mentioned in a city surrendered: Hyrcanus and Phasaël were taken
passage of Lucilius, which is quoted or referred prisoners, and Herod fled to Rome. (Joseph. Antio.
to more than once by Cicero (Opt. gen, orat. 6, xiv. 13, B. Jut. i. 13; comp. Hyrcanus. p. 511,
Tuscul. iv. 21, ad Qu. Fr. ii. 4. § 2).
b. ) Dion Cassius, who makes no mention of Pa-
PACI'DII, two generals of the Pompeian party corus, the cup-bearer, attributes this expedition to
in Africa under Metel us Scipio, one of whom fell the son of Orodes (xlviii. 26); and Tacitus in like
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
PACULLA.
81
PACUVIUS.
manner speaks of Jerusalem having been taken by nian woman, one of the chief agents in introducing
the king Pacorus (Hist. v. 9); but the authority the worship of Bacchus into Rome, B. C. 166.
of Josephus on all matters relating to Jewish history (Liv. xxxix. 13).
is superior to that of these historians.
PACU'VI1, a Campanian family, is first men.
3. The son of Vonones II. , king of Parthia, tioned in the time of the second Punic war, when
obtained the kingdom of Media on the death we read of Pacuvius Calavius, who persuaded the
of his father, while his brother Vologeses I. suc- inhabitants of Capua to revolt to Hannibal (CAIA-
ceeded to the Parthian throne. (Arsaces XXIII. Vius, No. 4). Besides the poet Pacuvius, there
p. 358, b. )
were a few Romans of this name in the latest times
4. King of Parthia, succeeded his father Volo- of the republic and under the empire.
geses I. (ARSACES XXIV. ]
M. PACU'VIUS, one of the most celebrated of
5. AURELIUS PACORUS, a king of the Greater the early Roman tragedians, was born about B. C.
Armenia, was a contemporary of the Antonines, 220, since he was fifty years older than the poet
and is mentioned in a Greek inscription published Accius or Attius (Cic. Brut. 64), who was born in
by Gruter (p. 1091, No. 10). It appears by this B. c. 170 (Accius). This agrees with the state-
inscription that Pacorus had purchased a burial- ment of Jerome (in Euseb. Chron. Olymp. 156. 3)
place for himself and his brother Aurelius Meri- that Pacuvius flourished about B. c. 154, since we
dates, and that both brothers resided at Rome, know from various sources that Pacuvius attained
where one of them died. Niebuhr supposes that a great age, and accordingly the time understood by
a passage in Fronto bas reference to this Pacorus, the indefinite term fourished may properly be
in which a Pacorus is said to have been deprived placed in B. C. 154, though Pacuvius was then
of his kingdom by L. Verus (Fronto, p. 70, ed. about sixty-five years old. Jerome further relates
Niebuhr), and he further concludes from the that Pacuvius was almost ninety years of age at
name Aurelius that he was a client of the imperial the time of his death, which would therefore fall
family and a Roman citizen. He may be the same about B. C. 130. Pacuvius was a native of Brun-
as the Pacorus who was placed as king over the disium, and accordingly a countryman of Ennius,
Lazi, a people on the Caspian sea, by Antoninus with whom he was connected by ties of blood, and
Pius. (Capitol. Anton. Pius, 9).
whom he is also said to have buried. According to
PA'CTIUS. (Paccius. )
the accounts of most ancient writers he was the
PACTUMEIUS CLEMENS. (Clemens. ] son of the sister of Ennius, and this is more pro-
PACTUMEIUS MAGNUS, a man of con- bable than the statement of Jerome, that he was the
sular rank, slain by Commodus (Lamprid. Commod. grandson of Ennius by his daughter, since Ennius
7), occurs as one of the consules suffecti in A. D. was only nineteen years older than Pacuvius. Pa-
183. He had a daughter Pactumeia Magna, who cuvius appears to have been brought up at Brun-
is mentioned in the Digest (28, tit. 5, 8. 92), where disium, but be afterwards repaired to Rome,
we also read of a Pactumeius Androsthenes, who though in what year is uncertain. Here he
was no doubt a freedman of Magnus.
devoted himself to painting and poetry, and obtained
PA'CTYAS (Tlaktúas), a Lydian, who on the so much distinction in the former art, that a paint-
conquest of Sardis (B. C. 546), was charged by ing of his in the temple of Hercules, in the forum
Cyrus with the collection of the revenues of the boarium, was regarded as only inferior to the cele-
province. When Cyrus left Sardis on bis return brated painting of Fabius Pictor (Plin. H. N.
to Ecbatana, Pactyas induced the Lydians to Xxxv. 4. &. 7). After living many years at Rome,
revolt against Cyrus and the Persian governor for he was still there in his eightieth year (Cic.
Tabalus; and, going down to the coast, employed Brut. l. c. ), he at last returned to Brundisium, on
the revenues which he had collected in hiring account of the failure of his health, and died in his
mercenaries and inducing those who lived on the native town, in the ninetieth year of his age, as has
coast to join his army. He then marched against been already stated. We have no further par-
Sardis, and besieged Tabalus in the citadel. ticulars of his life, save that his talents gained him
Cyrus sent an army under the command of the friendship of Laelius, and that he lived on the
Mazares against the revolters ; and Pactyas, most intimate terms with his younger rival Accius,
hearing of its approach, Aed to Cume. Mazares of whom he seems to have felt none of that jealousy
sent a messenger to Cume to demand that he which poets usually entertain towards one another.
should be surrendered. The Cumaeans referred After his retirement to Brundisium Pacuvius invited
the matter to the oracle of A pollo at Branchidae. his friend to his house, and there they spent some
The oracle directed that he should be surrendered; time together, discoursing upon their literary pur.
and this direction was repeated when, at the sug- suits. These notices, brief though they are, seem
gestion of Aristodicus (ARISTODICUS] the oracle to show that Pacuvius was a man of an amiable
was consulted a second time. But the Cumaeans, character; and this supposition is supported by
not liking actually to surrender Pactyas, and yet the modest way in which he speaks of himself,
being afraid to keep him, sent him to Mytilene. in an epigram which he composed for his tombstone,
Hearing, however, that the Mytilenaeans were and which, even if it be not genuine, as soine
bargaining about his surrender, the Cumaeans modern writers have maintained, indicates at
sent a vessel to Mytilene, and conveyed him to least the opinion which was entertained of him
Chios. The Chians surrendered him, and, ac- in antiquity. The epigram runs as follows (Gell.
cording to stipulation, received possession of i. 24):-
Atarneus as a recompense.
The Persians, to
“Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogai,
whom Pactyas was surrendered, kept him in
Uti sese aspicias, deinde, quod scriptum est, legan.
custody, intending to deliver him up to Cyrus.
Hic sunt poëtae Pacuvi Marci sita
Of his subsequent fate we hear nothing. (Herod. Ossa. Hoc volebam, nescius ne esses. Vale. "
i 153–160 ; Paus. iv. 35. & 10. ) [C. P. M. ]
PACULLA, A'NNIA or MI'NIA, a Campa- Pacuvius was universally allowed by the best
VUL 111.
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
PACUVIUS.
PAEAN.
writers in antiquity to have been one of the greatest 3. Sex. Pacuvius, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 27,
of the Latin tragic poets. Horace regarded him in which year Octarian received the title of Au-
and Accius (Ep. ii. 1. 56) as the two most im- gustus, outdid all his contemporaries in his flattery
portant of the early tragedians ; and he is especially of Augustus, and devoted himself as a vassal to the
praised for the loftiness of his thoughts, the vigour emperor in the Spanish fashion. (Dion Cass. liii.
of his language, and the extent of his knowledge. 20. ) Dion Cassius says, that according to some
Hence we find the epithet doctus frequently applied authorities his name was Apudius ; but it would
to him, and the great critic Varro (ap. Gell. vii. 14) appear tbat Pacuvius is the right name, since Ma-
praises him for the ubertas of his style. He was at crobius tells us (Sat. i. 12) that it was Sex. Pacu-
the same time an equal favourite with the people, vius, tribune of the plebs, who proposed the ple-
with whom his verses continued to be esteemed in biscitum by which the name of the month of Sextilis
the time of Julius Caesar (comp. Cic. de A mic. 7 ; was changed into that of Augustus in honour of
Suet. Caes. 84). The tragedies of Pacuvius con- the emperor. This Sex. Pacuvius appears to be
tinued, like those of his predecessors on the Latin the same as the Pacuvius Taurus, upon whom
stage, to be taken from Sophocles, Euripides, and Augustus perpetrated a joke, when he was one day
the great Greek writers ; but he did not confine begging a congiarium from the emperor. (Macrob.
himself w a mere translation of the latter, as most Sut. ii. 4. ) The Sex.
Pacurius Taurus, plebeian
of the previous Latin writers had done, but worked aedile, mentioned by Pliny (H. N. xxxiv. 5. s. ll),
up his materials with more freedom and inde- was a different person from the preceding one, and
pendent judgment, of which we have an example in lived at a more ancient time.
his Dulorestes, which was an adaptation to the 4. Pacuvius Labeo, to whom was addressed a
Latin stage of the Iphigeneia in Tauris of Euripides. letter of Capito, cited by A. Gellius (v. 21).
Some of the plays of Pacuvius were not based upon 5. Pacuvius, a legate of Sentius in Syria,
the Greek tragedies, but belonged to the class A. D. 19 (Tac. Ann. ii. 79), is probably the same
called Praetextatae, in which the subjects were Pacuvius who is mentioned by Seneca (Ep. ii.
taken from Roman story. One of these was en- | 12).
titled Paullus, and had as its hero the celebrated PACUVIUS, C. ATEIU'S, was one of the
L. Aemilius Paullus who conquered Perseus, king pupils of Servius Sulpicius, who are enumerated
of Macedonia (Gell. ix. 14). The following titles by Pomponius. (Dig. 1. tit. 2. 8. 2. § 44. ) This
of his tragedies have come down to us :- Anchises ; appears to be the Ateius, who is cited by Labeo
Antiopa ; Armorum Judicium ; Atalanta ; Chryses ; (Dig. 23. tit. 3. s. 79) as authority for an opinion
Dulorestes ; Hermiona ; Iliona ; Medus or Medea ; of Servius on the words "cum commodissimum
Niptra ; Periboea ; Tantalus (doubtful) ; Teucer ; esset," which were part of the terms of a gift of dos.
Thyestes. Of these the Antiopa and the Dulorestes Another opinion of Servius is cited from him also
were by far the most celebrated.
by Labeo (31. tit. 2. 8. 39. & 2). This Pacuvius
Although the reputation of Pacuvius rested appears also to be the jurist quoted by Ulpian (13.
almost exclusively on his tragedies, yet he seems tit. 6. & 1).
(G. L. )
to have written other kinds of poetry. He is ex- PAEA'NIUS (Naiáv. os), the author of a trans-
pressly mentioned as having composed Saturae, lation of the history of Eutropius into Greek. It
according to the old Roman meaning of the word is quite uncertain who this Paeanius was, but it
(Diomedes, iii. p. 482, ed. Putschius), and there has been conjectured that he lived not long after
seems no reason for doubting, as some modern Eutropius himself
. This translation, of which
writers have done, that he also wrote comedies. Zonaras seems to have often arailed himself, is not
The Pseudo is expressly mentioned as a comedy of very accurate, but still not inelegant. It was printed
Pacuvius (Fulgentius, p. 562), and the Tarentilla for the first time by F. Sylburg in the third volume
may also have been a comedy. The fragments of his Romanae Historiae Scriptores, Francof.
of Pacurius are published in the collections of 1590, and is also contained in the editions of Eu-
Stephanus, Fragmenta l'et. Poët. , Paris, 1564, of tropius by Hearne, Havercamp, and Verheyk. It
Scriverius, Tragicorum Vet. Fragm. Lugd. Batav. has been printed in a separate form by Kaltwasser
1620, and of Bothe, Poët. Latii Scenic. Fragm. under the title, “ Paeanii Metaphrasis in Eutropii
vol. i. Lips. 1834. (The principal ancient autho- Historiam Romanam, in usum scholarum," Gotha,
rities respecting Pacuvius are: Hieronym. in Euseb. 1780.
Chron. Olymp. 156. 3 ; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 4. s. 7; PAEAN (Παιάν, Παιήων or Παιών), that is
Vell. Pat. ii. 9 ; Quintil. x. 1 ; Gell. vii. 14, xiii. " the healing," is according to Homer the designa-
2, xvii. 21 ; Cic. de Optim. Gen. Orat. i. 6, Brut. tion of the physician of the Olympian gods, who
64, 74, de Amic. 7, Tusc. ii. 2), de Orat. i. 58, ad heals, for example, the wounded Ares and Hades.
Herenn. iv. 4 ; Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 55; Pers. i. 77. (N. v. 401, 899. ) After the time of Homer and
The chief modern writers are: Delrio, Syntagm. Hesiod, the word Hardy becomes a surname of As-
Trag. Lat. Antv. 1594, and Paris, 1620 ; Sagit- clepius, the good who had the power of healing.
tarius, De Vita et Scriptis Livii Andronici, M. Pa. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1494 ; Virg. Aen. vii. 769. )
cuvi, &c. , Altenb. 1672 ; Annibal di Leo, Memorie The name was, however, used also in the more ge-
di M. Pacuvio Antichissimo Poeta Tragico, Napoli, neral sense of deliverer from any evil or calamity
1763 ; Lange, Vindiciae Trag. Rom. Lips. 1822 ; | (Pind. Pyth. iv. 480), and was thus applied to
Näke, Comment. de Pacuvii Duloreste, Ind. Lect. Apollo and Thanatos, or Death, who are conceived
Bonn. 1822 ; Stieglitz, de Pacuri Duloreste, Lips. as delivering men from the pains and sorrows of
1826: Vater, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyklopädie, life. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 154 ; Paus. i. 34. § 2 ;
art. Pacurius. )
Eurip. Hippol. 1373. ) With regard to Apollo and
PACU'VIÚS. ) and 2. M. and Q. Pacuvi, Thanatos however, the name may at the same
with the cognomen CLAUDII, who subscribed the time contain an allusion to malev, to strike, since
accusation of Valerius against M. Scaurus, B. c. 54. both are also regarded as destroyers. (Eustath. ad
(Ascon. in Scuur, p. 19, ed. Orelli. )
Hom. p. 137. ) From A pollo himself the name
## p. 83 (#99) ##############################################
PAERISADES.
83
PAETUS.
Pacan was transferred to the song dedicated to his reign have been tmnsmitted to us, except
him, that is, to hymns chanted to Apollo for the that we find him at one period (apparently
purpose of averting an evil, and to warlike songs, about B. c. 333) engaged in a war with the
which were sung before or during a battle. (L. S. ) neighbouring Scythians (Dem. C. Phorm. p. 909),
PAEDARITUS. [PedaRITUS. )
and he appears to have continued the saine
PAEON (Talww), of Amathus, wrote an ac-friendly relations with the Athenians which were
count of Theseus and Ariadne, referred to by Plu- begun by his father Leucon. (Id. ib. p.
down to us, and which is entitled Paraenesis sire of Parthia His history is given under ARSACES
Erhurtatorius Libellus ad Poenitentiam, that he had XIV. , p. 356.
written a book called Cervulus. We also possess a 2. A contemporary of Pacorus, the son of Orodes
work of Pacianus on Baptism, intended for the use [No. 1], was one of the royal cup-bearers. After
of catechumens. The works of Pacianus have Pacorus, the son of Orodes, had conquered Saxa,
been published by Tilius, Paris, 1538 ; by Paulus Antony's quaestor (B. C. 40), and had overrun a
Manutius, Rome, 1564 ; and in the Bibl. Putr. great part of Syria, Antigonus, the son of Aristo-
Marim. vol. iv. pp. 305-319.
bulus, applied to him for help to restore him to the
Pacianus had a son, Flavius Dexter, a friend of Jewish throne. This request was immediately
Jerome, who dedicated to him his work, De Viris complied with ; and Pacorus, the cup-bearer, was
Ilustribus. [FLAVIUS, p. 174, b. ]
sent with a large force against Jerusalem. The
PACIDEIANUS, a gladiator mentioned in a city surrendered: Hyrcanus and Phasaël were taken
passage of Lucilius, which is quoted or referred prisoners, and Herod fled to Rome. (Joseph. Antio.
to more than once by Cicero (Opt. gen, orat. 6, xiv. 13, B. Jut. i. 13; comp. Hyrcanus. p. 511,
Tuscul. iv. 21, ad Qu. Fr. ii. 4. § 2).
b. ) Dion Cassius, who makes no mention of Pa-
PACI'DII, two generals of the Pompeian party corus, the cup-bearer, attributes this expedition to
in Africa under Metel us Scipio, one of whom fell the son of Orodes (xlviii. 26); and Tacitus in like
## p. 81 (#97) ##############################################
PACULLA.
81
PACUVIUS.
manner speaks of Jerusalem having been taken by nian woman, one of the chief agents in introducing
the king Pacorus (Hist. v. 9); but the authority the worship of Bacchus into Rome, B. C. 166.
of Josephus on all matters relating to Jewish history (Liv. xxxix. 13).
is superior to that of these historians.
PACU'VI1, a Campanian family, is first men.
3. The son of Vonones II. , king of Parthia, tioned in the time of the second Punic war, when
obtained the kingdom of Media on the death we read of Pacuvius Calavius, who persuaded the
of his father, while his brother Vologeses I. suc- inhabitants of Capua to revolt to Hannibal (CAIA-
ceeded to the Parthian throne. (Arsaces XXIII. Vius, No. 4). Besides the poet Pacuvius, there
p. 358, b. )
were a few Romans of this name in the latest times
4. King of Parthia, succeeded his father Volo- of the republic and under the empire.
geses I. (ARSACES XXIV. ]
M. PACU'VIUS, one of the most celebrated of
5. AURELIUS PACORUS, a king of the Greater the early Roman tragedians, was born about B. C.
Armenia, was a contemporary of the Antonines, 220, since he was fifty years older than the poet
and is mentioned in a Greek inscription published Accius or Attius (Cic. Brut. 64), who was born in
by Gruter (p. 1091, No. 10). It appears by this B. c. 170 (Accius). This agrees with the state-
inscription that Pacorus had purchased a burial- ment of Jerome (in Euseb. Chron. Olymp. 156. 3)
place for himself and his brother Aurelius Meri- that Pacuvius flourished about B. c. 154, since we
dates, and that both brothers resided at Rome, know from various sources that Pacuvius attained
where one of them died. Niebuhr supposes that a great age, and accordingly the time understood by
a passage in Fronto bas reference to this Pacorus, the indefinite term fourished may properly be
in which a Pacorus is said to have been deprived placed in B. C. 154, though Pacuvius was then
of his kingdom by L. Verus (Fronto, p. 70, ed. about sixty-five years old. Jerome further relates
Niebuhr), and he further concludes from the that Pacuvius was almost ninety years of age at
name Aurelius that he was a client of the imperial the time of his death, which would therefore fall
family and a Roman citizen. He may be the same about B. C. 130. Pacuvius was a native of Brun-
as the Pacorus who was placed as king over the disium, and accordingly a countryman of Ennius,
Lazi, a people on the Caspian sea, by Antoninus with whom he was connected by ties of blood, and
Pius. (Capitol. Anton. Pius, 9).
whom he is also said to have buried. According to
PA'CTIUS. (Paccius. )
the accounts of most ancient writers he was the
PACTUMEIUS CLEMENS. (Clemens. ] son of the sister of Ennius, and this is more pro-
PACTUMEIUS MAGNUS, a man of con- bable than the statement of Jerome, that he was the
sular rank, slain by Commodus (Lamprid. Commod. grandson of Ennius by his daughter, since Ennius
7), occurs as one of the consules suffecti in A. D. was only nineteen years older than Pacuvius. Pa-
183. He had a daughter Pactumeia Magna, who cuvius appears to have been brought up at Brun-
is mentioned in the Digest (28, tit. 5, 8. 92), where disium, but be afterwards repaired to Rome,
we also read of a Pactumeius Androsthenes, who though in what year is uncertain. Here he
was no doubt a freedman of Magnus.
devoted himself to painting and poetry, and obtained
PA'CTYAS (Tlaktúas), a Lydian, who on the so much distinction in the former art, that a paint-
conquest of Sardis (B. C. 546), was charged by ing of his in the temple of Hercules, in the forum
Cyrus with the collection of the revenues of the boarium, was regarded as only inferior to the cele-
province. When Cyrus left Sardis on bis return brated painting of Fabius Pictor (Plin. H. N.
to Ecbatana, Pactyas induced the Lydians to Xxxv. 4. &. 7). After living many years at Rome,
revolt against Cyrus and the Persian governor for he was still there in his eightieth year (Cic.
Tabalus; and, going down to the coast, employed Brut. l. c. ), he at last returned to Brundisium, on
the revenues which he had collected in hiring account of the failure of his health, and died in his
mercenaries and inducing those who lived on the native town, in the ninetieth year of his age, as has
coast to join his army. He then marched against been already stated. We have no further par-
Sardis, and besieged Tabalus in the citadel. ticulars of his life, save that his talents gained him
Cyrus sent an army under the command of the friendship of Laelius, and that he lived on the
Mazares against the revolters ; and Pactyas, most intimate terms with his younger rival Accius,
hearing of its approach, Aed to Cume. Mazares of whom he seems to have felt none of that jealousy
sent a messenger to Cume to demand that he which poets usually entertain towards one another.
should be surrendered. The Cumaeans referred After his retirement to Brundisium Pacuvius invited
the matter to the oracle of A pollo at Branchidae. his friend to his house, and there they spent some
The oracle directed that he should be surrendered; time together, discoursing upon their literary pur.
and this direction was repeated when, at the sug- suits. These notices, brief though they are, seem
gestion of Aristodicus (ARISTODICUS] the oracle to show that Pacuvius was a man of an amiable
was consulted a second time. But the Cumaeans, character; and this supposition is supported by
not liking actually to surrender Pactyas, and yet the modest way in which he speaks of himself,
being afraid to keep him, sent him to Mytilene. in an epigram which he composed for his tombstone,
Hearing, however, that the Mytilenaeans were and which, even if it be not genuine, as soine
bargaining about his surrender, the Cumaeans modern writers have maintained, indicates at
sent a vessel to Mytilene, and conveyed him to least the opinion which was entertained of him
Chios. The Chians surrendered him, and, ac- in antiquity. The epigram runs as follows (Gell.
cording to stipulation, received possession of i. 24):-
Atarneus as a recompense.
The Persians, to
“Adulescens, tametsi properas, te hoc saxum rogai,
whom Pactyas was surrendered, kept him in
Uti sese aspicias, deinde, quod scriptum est, legan.
custody, intending to deliver him up to Cyrus.
Hic sunt poëtae Pacuvi Marci sita
Of his subsequent fate we hear nothing. (Herod. Ossa. Hoc volebam, nescius ne esses. Vale. "
i 153–160 ; Paus. iv. 35. & 10. ) [C. P. M. ]
PACULLA, A'NNIA or MI'NIA, a Campa- Pacuvius was universally allowed by the best
VUL 111.
## p. 82 (#98) ##############################################
82
PACUVIUS.
PAEAN.
writers in antiquity to have been one of the greatest 3. Sex. Pacuvius, tribune of the plebs, B. c. 27,
of the Latin tragic poets. Horace regarded him in which year Octarian received the title of Au-
and Accius (Ep. ii. 1. 56) as the two most im- gustus, outdid all his contemporaries in his flattery
portant of the early tragedians ; and he is especially of Augustus, and devoted himself as a vassal to the
praised for the loftiness of his thoughts, the vigour emperor in the Spanish fashion. (Dion Cass. liii.
of his language, and the extent of his knowledge. 20. ) Dion Cassius says, that according to some
Hence we find the epithet doctus frequently applied authorities his name was Apudius ; but it would
to him, and the great critic Varro (ap. Gell. vii. 14) appear tbat Pacuvius is the right name, since Ma-
praises him for the ubertas of his style. He was at crobius tells us (Sat. i. 12) that it was Sex. Pacu-
the same time an equal favourite with the people, vius, tribune of the plebs, who proposed the ple-
with whom his verses continued to be esteemed in biscitum by which the name of the month of Sextilis
the time of Julius Caesar (comp. Cic. de A mic. 7 ; was changed into that of Augustus in honour of
Suet. Caes. 84). The tragedies of Pacuvius con- the emperor. This Sex. Pacuvius appears to be
tinued, like those of his predecessors on the Latin the same as the Pacuvius Taurus, upon whom
stage, to be taken from Sophocles, Euripides, and Augustus perpetrated a joke, when he was one day
the great Greek writers ; but he did not confine begging a congiarium from the emperor. (Macrob.
himself w a mere translation of the latter, as most Sut. ii. 4. ) The Sex.
Pacurius Taurus, plebeian
of the previous Latin writers had done, but worked aedile, mentioned by Pliny (H. N. xxxiv. 5. s. ll),
up his materials with more freedom and inde- was a different person from the preceding one, and
pendent judgment, of which we have an example in lived at a more ancient time.
his Dulorestes, which was an adaptation to the 4. Pacuvius Labeo, to whom was addressed a
Latin stage of the Iphigeneia in Tauris of Euripides. letter of Capito, cited by A. Gellius (v. 21).
Some of the plays of Pacuvius were not based upon 5. Pacuvius, a legate of Sentius in Syria,
the Greek tragedies, but belonged to the class A. D. 19 (Tac. Ann. ii. 79), is probably the same
called Praetextatae, in which the subjects were Pacuvius who is mentioned by Seneca (Ep. ii.
taken from Roman story. One of these was en- | 12).
titled Paullus, and had as its hero the celebrated PACUVIUS, C. ATEIU'S, was one of the
L. Aemilius Paullus who conquered Perseus, king pupils of Servius Sulpicius, who are enumerated
of Macedonia (Gell. ix. 14). The following titles by Pomponius. (Dig. 1. tit. 2. 8. 2. § 44. ) This
of his tragedies have come down to us :- Anchises ; appears to be the Ateius, who is cited by Labeo
Antiopa ; Armorum Judicium ; Atalanta ; Chryses ; (Dig. 23. tit. 3. s. 79) as authority for an opinion
Dulorestes ; Hermiona ; Iliona ; Medus or Medea ; of Servius on the words "cum commodissimum
Niptra ; Periboea ; Tantalus (doubtful) ; Teucer ; esset," which were part of the terms of a gift of dos.
Thyestes. Of these the Antiopa and the Dulorestes Another opinion of Servius is cited from him also
were by far the most celebrated.
by Labeo (31. tit. 2. 8. 39. & 2). This Pacuvius
Although the reputation of Pacuvius rested appears also to be the jurist quoted by Ulpian (13.
almost exclusively on his tragedies, yet he seems tit. 6. & 1).
(G. L. )
to have written other kinds of poetry. He is ex- PAEA'NIUS (Naiáv. os), the author of a trans-
pressly mentioned as having composed Saturae, lation of the history of Eutropius into Greek. It
according to the old Roman meaning of the word is quite uncertain who this Paeanius was, but it
(Diomedes, iii. p. 482, ed. Putschius), and there has been conjectured that he lived not long after
seems no reason for doubting, as some modern Eutropius himself
. This translation, of which
writers have done, that he also wrote comedies. Zonaras seems to have often arailed himself, is not
The Pseudo is expressly mentioned as a comedy of very accurate, but still not inelegant. It was printed
Pacuvius (Fulgentius, p. 562), and the Tarentilla for the first time by F. Sylburg in the third volume
may also have been a comedy. The fragments of his Romanae Historiae Scriptores, Francof.
of Pacurius are published in the collections of 1590, and is also contained in the editions of Eu-
Stephanus, Fragmenta l'et. Poët. , Paris, 1564, of tropius by Hearne, Havercamp, and Verheyk. It
Scriverius, Tragicorum Vet. Fragm. Lugd. Batav. has been printed in a separate form by Kaltwasser
1620, and of Bothe, Poët. Latii Scenic. Fragm. under the title, “ Paeanii Metaphrasis in Eutropii
vol. i. Lips. 1834. (The principal ancient autho- Historiam Romanam, in usum scholarum," Gotha,
rities respecting Pacuvius are: Hieronym. in Euseb. 1780.
Chron. Olymp. 156. 3 ; Plin. H. N. xxxv. 4. s. 7; PAEAN (Παιάν, Παιήων or Παιών), that is
Vell. Pat. ii. 9 ; Quintil. x. 1 ; Gell. vii. 14, xiii. " the healing," is according to Homer the designa-
2, xvii. 21 ; Cic. de Optim. Gen. Orat. i. 6, Brut. tion of the physician of the Olympian gods, who
64, 74, de Amic. 7, Tusc. ii. 2), de Orat. i. 58, ad heals, for example, the wounded Ares and Hades.
Herenn. iv. 4 ; Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 55; Pers. i. 77. (N. v. 401, 899. ) After the time of Homer and
The chief modern writers are: Delrio, Syntagm. Hesiod, the word Hardy becomes a surname of As-
Trag. Lat. Antv. 1594, and Paris, 1620 ; Sagit- clepius, the good who had the power of healing.
tarius, De Vita et Scriptis Livii Andronici, M. Pa. (Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1494 ; Virg. Aen. vii. 769. )
cuvi, &c. , Altenb. 1672 ; Annibal di Leo, Memorie The name was, however, used also in the more ge-
di M. Pacuvio Antichissimo Poeta Tragico, Napoli, neral sense of deliverer from any evil or calamity
1763 ; Lange, Vindiciae Trag. Rom. Lips. 1822 ; | (Pind. Pyth. iv. 480), and was thus applied to
Näke, Comment. de Pacuvii Duloreste, Ind. Lect. Apollo and Thanatos, or Death, who are conceived
Bonn. 1822 ; Stieglitz, de Pacuri Duloreste, Lips. as delivering men from the pains and sorrows of
1826: Vater, in Ersch and Gruber's Encyklopädie, life. (Soph. Oed. Tyr. 154 ; Paus. i. 34. § 2 ;
art. Pacurius. )
Eurip. Hippol. 1373. ) With regard to Apollo and
PACU'VIÚS. ) and 2. M. and Q. Pacuvi, Thanatos however, the name may at the same
with the cognomen CLAUDII, who subscribed the time contain an allusion to malev, to strike, since
accusation of Valerius against M. Scaurus, B. c. 54. both are also regarded as destroyers. (Eustath. ad
(Ascon. in Scuur, p. 19, ed. Orelli. )
Hom. p. 137. ) From A pollo himself the name
## p. 83 (#99) ##############################################
PAERISADES.
83
PAETUS.
Pacan was transferred to the song dedicated to his reign have been tmnsmitted to us, except
him, that is, to hymns chanted to Apollo for the that we find him at one period (apparently
purpose of averting an evil, and to warlike songs, about B. c. 333) engaged in a war with the
which were sung before or during a battle. (L. S. ) neighbouring Scythians (Dem. C. Phorm. p. 909),
PAEDARITUS. [PedaRITUS. )
and he appears to have continued the saine
PAEON (Talww), of Amathus, wrote an ac-friendly relations with the Athenians which were
count of Theseus and Ariadne, referred to by Plu- begun by his father Leucon. (Id. ib. p.
