Cicero Glaucon, the
physician
to the consul, C.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
iv.
the Thessalian, had persuaded his troops to show p. 729, &c. ; Cave, Hist. lit. vol. ii. p. 206, &c. ;
their zcal for Cyrus, by crossing the Euphrates Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 199. ) (W. P. ]
before the rest of the Greeks, Glus was sent by the GLY'CERA (rauképa)," the sweet one," a
prince to convey to them his thanks and promises favourite name of helairae. The most celebrated
of reward. After the battle of Cunaxa he was one hetairae of this name are, 1. The daughter of Tha-
of those who announced to the Greeks the death of lassis and the mistress of Harpalus. (Athen. xiii.
Cyrus, and he is mentioned again by Xenophon as pp. 586, 595, 605, &c. ) (HARPALUS. ) 2. Of Si-
watching their movements, when, in the course of cyon, and the mistress of Pausias. (PAUSIĄS. ) 3. A
their retreat, they were crossing the bridge over favourite of Horace. (Hor. Carm. i. 19. 30. iii. 19. 29. )
the Tigris. (Xen. Anab. i. 4. $ 16,5. § 7, ii. 1. $ 3, GLYCE'RIUS, one of the phantom emperors
4. $ 24. )
(E. E. ] of the latest period of the western empire. Before
GLYCAS, MICHAEL (Mixanla o rauras), a his accession he held the office of Comes domesti-
Byzantine historian, was a native either of Con- corum, and is described by Theophanes as durip
stantinople or Sicily, whence he is often called oŮK dobriuos (“ a man of good reputation "). After
"Siculus. " There are great doubts with regard to the death of the emperor Olybrius and the patrician
the time when he lived. Oudin, Hamberger, and Ricimer, Glycerius was instigated to assume the
others, are of opinion that he was a contemporary empire by Gundibatus or Gundobald the Burgun-
of the last emperors of Constantinople, as may be dian, Ricimer's nephew. His elevation took place
concluded from letters of his being extant in MS. at Ravenna in March, A. D. 473. His reign was
which are addressed to the last Constantine, who too short, and the records of it are too obscure, for
perished in the storm of Constantinople by the us to form any trustworthy judgmer:t of his cha-
Turks in 1453: but it is doubtful whether those racter. He showed great respect for Epiphanius,
letters are really written by him. Walch, Fabri- bishop of Ticinum or Pavia, at whose intercession
cius, Vossius, and Cave, on the contrary, believe he pardoned some individuals who had incurred
that Glycas lived in the twelfth century. However his displeasure by some injury or insult offered to
this may be, it is certain that he lived after 1118, his mother. When Widemir, the Ostro-Goth,
because his Annals go down to that year. Glycas invaded Italy, Glycerius sent him several presents,
was probably an ecclesiastic: he possessed an er- and induced him to quit Italy and to march into
tensive amount of knowledge, and he was ac- Gaul, and incorporate his army with the Visi-
quainted with several languages. His style is Goths, who were already settled in that province.
generally clear and concise, and he is justly placed This event, which is recorded by Jornandes, is, by
among the better Byzantine historians. The An- Tillemont, but without any apparent reason, placed
nals (Bibos Xpovinn) mentioned above are his before the accession of Glycerius. The eastern
principal work. They are divided into four parts. emperor Leo I. , the Thracian, does not appear to
The first part treats of the creation of the world : have acknowledged Glycerius ; and, by his direc-
it is a physico-theological treatise ; the second part tion, Julius Nepos was proclaimed emperor at
is historical, and contains the period from the Ravenna, either in the latter part of 473 or the
Creation to Christ ; the third goes from Christ to beginning of 474. Nepos marched against Gly-
Constantine the Great ; and the fourth from cerius, and took him prisoner at Portus (the
Constantine the Great to ihe death of the em- harbour of Rome at the mouth of the Tiber), and
peror Alexis I. Comnenus, in 1118. It was first compelled him to become a priest. He was ap-
published in a Latin translation, by Leunclavius, pointed then, or soon afterward, to the bishoprick
together with a continuation of the Annals down of Salona in Dalmatia.
to the capture of Constantinople, by the editor, The subsequent history of Glycerius is involved
Basel, 1572, 8vo. The first part of the work was in some doubt. The Chronicon of Marcellinus com-
first published in Greek, with a Latin translation, prebends the notice of his deposition, ordination to
by Meursius, under the title of “Theodori Metochi- the priesthood, and death in one paragraph, as if they
tae Historiae Romanae a Julio Caesare ad Constan- had all happened in the same year. But accord-
tinum Magnum," Lugdun. 1618, 8vo. ; and it is also ing to Malchus, he was concerned in the death of
given in the 7th vol. of Meursius' works: Meursius the emperor Nepos, who, after being driven from
erroneously attributed it to Theodorus Metochita. Italy by the patrician Orestes, preserved the im-
'The whole of the Greek text was first published by perial title, and apparently a fragment of the em-
Labbe, who took great care in collecting MSS. , and pire, at Salona, and was killed (A. D. 480) by his
added valuable notes, as well as the translation of own followers, Viator and Ovida or Odiva, of
Leunclavius, which he revised in many places. This whom the second was conquered and killed the
edition forms part of the Paris collection of the year after by Odoacer. A Glycerius appears among
T 3
## p. 278 (#294) ############################################
278
GLYCON.
GNAEUS.
the archbishops of Milan mentioned by Ennodius, statue of Heracles, which is commonly called the
and Gibbon, though with some hesitation, identifies - Farnese Hercules. ” It was found in the baths of
the archbishop with the ex-emperor, and suggests Caracalla, and, after adorning the Farnese palace
that his promotion to Milan was the reward of his for some time, it was removed, with the other
participation in the death of Nepos ; but we much works of art belonging to that palace, to the royal
doubt whether the two were identical. (Marcelli- museum at Naples : it represents the hero resting
nus, Marius A venticensis and Cassiodorus, Chron. ; on his club, after one of his labours. The swollen
Jornand. de Reb. Get. c. 56, de Regn. Succ. p. muscles admirably express repose after severe ex-
58, ed. Lindenbrogii, Hamb. 1611 ; Malchus and ertion. The right hand, which holds the golden
Candidus, apud Phot. Bibl. codd. 78, 79; Evagr. apples, is modern : the legs also were restored by
II. E. ii. 16; Ennod. Epiphan. Ticin. Vita and Gulielmo della Porta, but the original legs were dis-
Carmina apud Sirmond. Opera Vuria, vol. i. ; covered and replaced in 1787. The name of the
Excerpta imoti Auctoris, subjoined to Amm. artist is carved on the rock, which forms the main
Marc. , by Valesius and other editors ; Eckhel ; support of the statue;, as follows:
Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. vi. ; Gibbon,
ΓΛΥΚωή
c. 36. )
(J. C. M. )
AOHJAIOC
GLYCIS, JOANNES ('Ιωάννης ο Γλύκις), or
enores
perhaps also GLYCAS (raukas), patriarch of
Constantinople from 1316 to 1320, was a scholar Though no ancient writer mentions Glycon,
of great learning, and renowned for his oratorical there can be no doubt that he lived in the period
attainments. He was the teacher of Nicephorus between Lysippus and the early Roman emperors.
Gregoras, the historian, who speaks of him with The form of the Omega, in his name, which was
great praise in several passages of his History. not used in inscriptions till shortly before the
Glycis resigned his office, worn out by age, sick-Christian era, fixes his age more definitely, for
ness, and labour, and retired to the convent of Cy- there is no reason to doubt the genuineness of the
notissa, living there upon a small sum of money, inscription. The silence of Pliny suggests a doubt
which was all that he had reserved for himself out whether Glycon did not live even later than the
of his extensive property.
reign of Titus.
Glycis wrote in a superior style, and endeavoured At all events, it seems clear that the original
to purify the Greek language from those barbarisms type of the “ Hercules Farnese” was the Heracles
with which it was then crowded. He was not of Lysippus, of which there are several other imi-
only distinguished as a scholar and divine, but also tations, but none equal to the Farnese. One of
as a statesman. The emperor sent him as ambas- the most remarkable is the Hercules of the Pitti
sador to Rome, and Glycis wrote an account of his palace, inscribed AT INNOT EPTON, but this in-
journey thither, of which Nicephorus Gregoras scription is without doubt a forgery, though pro-
speaks with great praise, but which is unfortunately bably an ancient one. (Winckelmann, Geschichte
lost. His other works are, a Greek grammar, ex- d. Kunst, b. X. C. 3, § 18; Meyer, b'unstgeschichte,
tant in MS. in various libraries, entitled lepi 'Op- vol. iii. pp. 58-61; Müller, Archäol. d. Kunst,
Oótoros Luvrátews. He has also left some minor $ 129, n. 2. $ 160, n. 5; Mus. Borbon, vol. iii.
productions ; such as 'H napaſtnous Toù Matplap- pl. 23, 24 ; Müller, Denkmäl. d. Alt. Kunst, rol. i.
xelov, in which he explains the motives that in- pl. xxxvii. )
duced him to resign the patriarchate, and 'Tha The only other remaining work of Glyeon is a
UNNITTiKdY eis tdr Basınéa rdv äylov, an admoni- base in the Biscari museum at Catania, inscribed :
tion to the holy emperor, viz. Michael Palaeologus,
ΓΛΥΚΩΝ ΑΘΗΝΑ
extant in MSS. in the Royal Library in Paris.
1ΟΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΙ
(Wharton's Appendix to Cave's Hist. Lit. p. 21,
ad an. 1316; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. (Raoul-Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 75. )
520 ; Jahn, Anecd. Graeca, Praef. p. 1. ) [W. P. ] 2. The engraver of a gem in the royal library
GLYCON (r^úkwv). 1. A lyric poet, from at Paris. (Clarac, Déscription des Antiques du
whom the Glyconean metre took its name. No Musée Royal, p. 420. )
[P. S. )
thing remains of him but three lines, which are GLYCON (r^úkwv), called in some editions of
quoted by Hephaestion in illustration of the metre.
Cicero Glaucon, the physician to the consul, C. Vi-
(Ench. p. 33. )
bius Pansa, who upon his death, after the battle of
2. The author of an epigram in the Greek An- Mutina, April, B. C. 43, was thrown into prison by
thology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 278 ; Jacobs, Torquatus, Pansa's quaestor, upon a suspicion of
Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 254, vol. xiii. p. 898. ) having poisoned his wounds. (Sueton. Aug. 11;
3. Another name for the philosopher Lycon. comp. Tac. Ann. i. 10. ) This accusation, however,
(Diog. Laërt. v. 65. )
seems to have been unfounded, as there is extant a
4. Of Pergamus, a celebrated athlete, on whom letter from M. Brutus to Cicero, in which he ear-
Antipater of Thessalonica wrote an epitaph. (Brunck, nestly begs him to procure his, liberation, and to
Anal. vol. ii. p. 126, No. 68 ; Anth. Palat. x. 124 ; protect him from injury, as being a worthy man, who
Horat. Ep. i. 1, 30. )
suffered as great a loss as any one by Pansa's death,
5. A grammarian, ridiculed in an epigram by and who, even if this had not been the case, would
Apollinaris. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 283, Anth. never have allowed himself to be persuaded to commit
Palat. xi. 399. )
such a crime. (Cic. ad Brut. 6. ) He is perhaps the
6. Spiridion, or Scyridicus, a rhetorician men- same person who is quoted by Scribonius Largus.
tioned by Quintilian (Inst
. vi. 1. § 41), and fre (De Compos. Medicum. c. 206. ) (W. A. G. )
quently by Seneca. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. GNAEUS, or CNEIUS (Traos), an engraver
p. 122, vol. vi. p. 130. )
[P. S. ] of gems, contemporary with Dioscorides, in the time
GLYCON (Trówv). 1. An Athenian sculptor, of Augustus. Several beautiful gems are inscribed
known to us by his magnificent colossal marble with his name. (Mus. Florent, vol. ii. tab. 7;
## p. 279 (#295) ############################################
GOBRYAS.
279
GORDIANUS.
Stosch, Pierres gravées, tab. 23; Bracci, tab. | 2 ext. § 2; Aristeid. rol i. p. 502, vol. ii. p. 236. )
49. ).
(P. S. ] Gobryas accompanied Dareius into Scythia, and
GNATHAENA (Tvádaiva), a celebrated Greek discovered the true meaning of the symbolical de
hetaera, of whom some witty sayings are recorded fiance of the Scythians. (Herod. iv. 132, 134. )
by Athenaeus (ziü. p. 585). She wrote a róuos He was doubly related to Dareius by marriage :
OVO OITIKÓS, in the same fashion as vbuos were com- Dareius married the daughter of Gobryas, and
monly written by philosophers. It consisted of Gobryas married the sister of Dareius ; and one of
323 lines, and was incorporated by Callimachus in his children by her was Mardonius. (Herod. vii.
his πίναξ των νόμων.
(L. S. ) 2, 5. )
GNESIPPUS (PVOITTOS), the son of Cleoma- 3. One of the commander of the army with
chus, a Dorian lyric poet, according to Meineke, which Artaxerxes II. met his brother Cyrus. (Xe-
whose light and licentious love verses were attacked noph. Anab. i. 7. & 12. )
[P. S. )
by Chionides, Cratinus, and Eupolis. . The pas- GOLGUS (róxyos), a son of Adonis and Aphro-
sages quoted by Athenaeus seem, however, to bear dite, from whom the town of Golgi, in Cyprus, was
out fully the opinion of Welcker, that Gncsippus believed to have derived its name. (Schol. ad
was a tragic poet, and that the description of his Theocrit. xv. 100. )
(L. S. ]
poetry given by Athenaeus (παιγνιαγράφου της GO'NATUS ANTIGONUS. (ANTIGONUS. )
inapās uotons) refers to his choral odes. (Athen. GOʻNGYLUS (Ponyúaos). 1. Of Eretria, was
xiv. p. 638, d. e. ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. the agent by whose means Pausanias entered into
vol. ii. pp. 7, 27–29; Welcker, die Griech. Trag. communication with Xerxes, B. C. 477. To his
vol. iii. pp. 1024-1029. )
[P. S. ] charge Pausanias entrusted Byzantium after its re-
GNIPHO, M. ANTO'NIUS, a distinguished capture, and the Persian prisoners who were there
Roman rhetorician, who lived in the last century taken, and who, by his agency, were now allowed to
before the Christian aera. He was born in B. C. escape, and (apparently in their company) he also
114, and was a native of Gaul, but studied at Alex- himself went to Xerxes, taking with him the re-
andria. He was a man of great talent and extra markable letter from Pausanias, in which he pro-
ordinary memory, and was thoroughly acquainted posed to put the Persian king in possession of
with Greek as well as Roman literature, and he is Sparta and all Greece, in return for marriage with
further praised as a person of a kind and generous his daughter. (Thuc. i. 129 ; Diod. xi. 44 ; Nepos,
disposition. After his returu from Alexandria, he Paus. 2. ).
taught rhetoric at first in the house of J. Caesar, Xenophon, on his arrival in Mysia with the
who was then a boy, and afterwards set up a school Cyrean soldiers (B. C. 399), found Hellas, the
in his own house. He gave instruction in rhetoric widow of this Gongylus, living at Pergamus. She
every day, but declaimed only on the pundines, entertained him, and, by her direction, he attacked
Many men of eminence are said to have attended the castle of Asidates, a neighbouring Persian
his lectures, and among them Cicero, when he was noble. She had borne her husband two sons, Gor-
praetor. He died in his fiftieth year, and left be- gion, and another Gongylus, the latter of whom, on
hind him many works, though Ateius Capito main finding Xenophon endangered in his attempt, went
tained that the only work written by him was out, against his mother's will, to the rescue, accom-
De Latino Sermone, in two books, and that the panied by Procles, the descendant of Demaratus.
other treatises bearing his name were productions (Xen. Anab. vii. 8.
the Thessalian, had persuaded his troops to show p. 729, &c. ; Cave, Hist. lit. vol. ii. p. 206, &c. ;
their zcal for Cyrus, by crossing the Euphrates Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. 199. ) (W. P. ]
before the rest of the Greeks, Glus was sent by the GLY'CERA (rauképa)," the sweet one," a
prince to convey to them his thanks and promises favourite name of helairae. The most celebrated
of reward. After the battle of Cunaxa he was one hetairae of this name are, 1. The daughter of Tha-
of those who announced to the Greeks the death of lassis and the mistress of Harpalus. (Athen. xiii.
Cyrus, and he is mentioned again by Xenophon as pp. 586, 595, 605, &c. ) (HARPALUS. ) 2. Of Si-
watching their movements, when, in the course of cyon, and the mistress of Pausias. (PAUSIĄS. ) 3. A
their retreat, they were crossing the bridge over favourite of Horace. (Hor. Carm. i. 19. 30. iii. 19. 29. )
the Tigris. (Xen. Anab. i. 4. $ 16,5. § 7, ii. 1. $ 3, GLYCE'RIUS, one of the phantom emperors
4. $ 24. )
(E. E. ] of the latest period of the western empire. Before
GLYCAS, MICHAEL (Mixanla o rauras), a his accession he held the office of Comes domesti-
Byzantine historian, was a native either of Con- corum, and is described by Theophanes as durip
stantinople or Sicily, whence he is often called oŮK dobriuos (“ a man of good reputation "). After
"Siculus. " There are great doubts with regard to the death of the emperor Olybrius and the patrician
the time when he lived. Oudin, Hamberger, and Ricimer, Glycerius was instigated to assume the
others, are of opinion that he was a contemporary empire by Gundibatus or Gundobald the Burgun-
of the last emperors of Constantinople, as may be dian, Ricimer's nephew. His elevation took place
concluded from letters of his being extant in MS. at Ravenna in March, A. D. 473. His reign was
which are addressed to the last Constantine, who too short, and the records of it are too obscure, for
perished in the storm of Constantinople by the us to form any trustworthy judgmer:t of his cha-
Turks in 1453: but it is doubtful whether those racter. He showed great respect for Epiphanius,
letters are really written by him. Walch, Fabri- bishop of Ticinum or Pavia, at whose intercession
cius, Vossius, and Cave, on the contrary, believe he pardoned some individuals who had incurred
that Glycas lived in the twelfth century. However his displeasure by some injury or insult offered to
this may be, it is certain that he lived after 1118, his mother. When Widemir, the Ostro-Goth,
because his Annals go down to that year. Glycas invaded Italy, Glycerius sent him several presents,
was probably an ecclesiastic: he possessed an er- and induced him to quit Italy and to march into
tensive amount of knowledge, and he was ac- Gaul, and incorporate his army with the Visi-
quainted with several languages. His style is Goths, who were already settled in that province.
generally clear and concise, and he is justly placed This event, which is recorded by Jornandes, is, by
among the better Byzantine historians. The An- Tillemont, but without any apparent reason, placed
nals (Bibos Xpovinn) mentioned above are his before the accession of Glycerius. The eastern
principal work. They are divided into four parts. emperor Leo I. , the Thracian, does not appear to
The first part treats of the creation of the world : have acknowledged Glycerius ; and, by his direc-
it is a physico-theological treatise ; the second part tion, Julius Nepos was proclaimed emperor at
is historical, and contains the period from the Ravenna, either in the latter part of 473 or the
Creation to Christ ; the third goes from Christ to beginning of 474. Nepos marched against Gly-
Constantine the Great ; and the fourth from cerius, and took him prisoner at Portus (the
Constantine the Great to ihe death of the em- harbour of Rome at the mouth of the Tiber), and
peror Alexis I. Comnenus, in 1118. It was first compelled him to become a priest. He was ap-
published in a Latin translation, by Leunclavius, pointed then, or soon afterward, to the bishoprick
together with a continuation of the Annals down of Salona in Dalmatia.
to the capture of Constantinople, by the editor, The subsequent history of Glycerius is involved
Basel, 1572, 8vo. The first part of the work was in some doubt. The Chronicon of Marcellinus com-
first published in Greek, with a Latin translation, prebends the notice of his deposition, ordination to
by Meursius, under the title of “Theodori Metochi- the priesthood, and death in one paragraph, as if they
tae Historiae Romanae a Julio Caesare ad Constan- had all happened in the same year. But accord-
tinum Magnum," Lugdun. 1618, 8vo. ; and it is also ing to Malchus, he was concerned in the death of
given in the 7th vol. of Meursius' works: Meursius the emperor Nepos, who, after being driven from
erroneously attributed it to Theodorus Metochita. Italy by the patrician Orestes, preserved the im-
'The whole of the Greek text was first published by perial title, and apparently a fragment of the em-
Labbe, who took great care in collecting MSS. , and pire, at Salona, and was killed (A. D. 480) by his
added valuable notes, as well as the translation of own followers, Viator and Ovida or Odiva, of
Leunclavius, which he revised in many places. This whom the second was conquered and killed the
edition forms part of the Paris collection of the year after by Odoacer. A Glycerius appears among
T 3
## p. 278 (#294) ############################################
278
GLYCON.
GNAEUS.
the archbishops of Milan mentioned by Ennodius, statue of Heracles, which is commonly called the
and Gibbon, though with some hesitation, identifies - Farnese Hercules. ” It was found in the baths of
the archbishop with the ex-emperor, and suggests Caracalla, and, after adorning the Farnese palace
that his promotion to Milan was the reward of his for some time, it was removed, with the other
participation in the death of Nepos ; but we much works of art belonging to that palace, to the royal
doubt whether the two were identical. (Marcelli- museum at Naples : it represents the hero resting
nus, Marius A venticensis and Cassiodorus, Chron. ; on his club, after one of his labours. The swollen
Jornand. de Reb. Get. c. 56, de Regn. Succ. p. muscles admirably express repose after severe ex-
58, ed. Lindenbrogii, Hamb. 1611 ; Malchus and ertion. The right hand, which holds the golden
Candidus, apud Phot. Bibl. codd. 78, 79; Evagr. apples, is modern : the legs also were restored by
II. E. ii. 16; Ennod. Epiphan. Ticin. Vita and Gulielmo della Porta, but the original legs were dis-
Carmina apud Sirmond. Opera Vuria, vol. i. ; covered and replaced in 1787. The name of the
Excerpta imoti Auctoris, subjoined to Amm. artist is carved on the rock, which forms the main
Marc. , by Valesius and other editors ; Eckhel ; support of the statue;, as follows:
Tillemont, Hist. des Emp. vol. vi. ; Gibbon,
ΓΛΥΚωή
c. 36. )
(J. C. M. )
AOHJAIOC
GLYCIS, JOANNES ('Ιωάννης ο Γλύκις), or
enores
perhaps also GLYCAS (raukas), patriarch of
Constantinople from 1316 to 1320, was a scholar Though no ancient writer mentions Glycon,
of great learning, and renowned for his oratorical there can be no doubt that he lived in the period
attainments. He was the teacher of Nicephorus between Lysippus and the early Roman emperors.
Gregoras, the historian, who speaks of him with The form of the Omega, in his name, which was
great praise in several passages of his History. not used in inscriptions till shortly before the
Glycis resigned his office, worn out by age, sick-Christian era, fixes his age more definitely, for
ness, and labour, and retired to the convent of Cy- there is no reason to doubt the genuineness of the
notissa, living there upon a small sum of money, inscription. The silence of Pliny suggests a doubt
which was all that he had reserved for himself out whether Glycon did not live even later than the
of his extensive property.
reign of Titus.
Glycis wrote in a superior style, and endeavoured At all events, it seems clear that the original
to purify the Greek language from those barbarisms type of the “ Hercules Farnese” was the Heracles
with which it was then crowded. He was not of Lysippus, of which there are several other imi-
only distinguished as a scholar and divine, but also tations, but none equal to the Farnese. One of
as a statesman. The emperor sent him as ambas- the most remarkable is the Hercules of the Pitti
sador to Rome, and Glycis wrote an account of his palace, inscribed AT INNOT EPTON, but this in-
journey thither, of which Nicephorus Gregoras scription is without doubt a forgery, though pro-
speaks with great praise, but which is unfortunately bably an ancient one. (Winckelmann, Geschichte
lost. His other works are, a Greek grammar, ex- d. Kunst, b. X. C. 3, § 18; Meyer, b'unstgeschichte,
tant in MS. in various libraries, entitled lepi 'Op- vol. iii. pp. 58-61; Müller, Archäol. d. Kunst,
Oótoros Luvrátews. He has also left some minor $ 129, n. 2. $ 160, n. 5; Mus. Borbon, vol. iii.
productions ; such as 'H napaſtnous Toù Matplap- pl. 23, 24 ; Müller, Denkmäl. d. Alt. Kunst, rol. i.
xelov, in which he explains the motives that in- pl. xxxvii. )
duced him to resign the patriarchate, and 'Tha The only other remaining work of Glyeon is a
UNNITTiKdY eis tdr Basınéa rdv äylov, an admoni- base in the Biscari museum at Catania, inscribed :
tion to the holy emperor, viz. Michael Palaeologus,
ΓΛΥΚΩΝ ΑΘΗΝΑ
extant in MSS. in the Royal Library in Paris.
1ΟΣ ΕΠΟΙΕΙ
(Wharton's Appendix to Cave's Hist. Lit. p. 21,
ad an. 1316; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. p. (Raoul-Rochette, Lettre à M. Schorn, p. 75. )
520 ; Jahn, Anecd. Graeca, Praef. p. 1. ) [W. P. ] 2. The engraver of a gem in the royal library
GLYCON (r^úkwv). 1. A lyric poet, from at Paris. (Clarac, Déscription des Antiques du
whom the Glyconean metre took its name. No Musée Royal, p. 420. )
[P. S. )
thing remains of him but three lines, which are GLYCON (r^úkwv), called in some editions of
quoted by Hephaestion in illustration of the metre.
Cicero Glaucon, the physician to the consul, C. Vi-
(Ench. p. 33. )
bius Pansa, who upon his death, after the battle of
2. The author of an epigram in the Greek An- Mutina, April, B. C. 43, was thrown into prison by
thology. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 278 ; Jacobs, Torquatus, Pansa's quaestor, upon a suspicion of
Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 254, vol. xiii. p. 898. ) having poisoned his wounds. (Sueton. Aug. 11;
3. Another name for the philosopher Lycon. comp. Tac. Ann. i. 10. ) This accusation, however,
(Diog. Laërt. v. 65. )
seems to have been unfounded, as there is extant a
4. Of Pergamus, a celebrated athlete, on whom letter from M. Brutus to Cicero, in which he ear-
Antipater of Thessalonica wrote an epitaph. (Brunck, nestly begs him to procure his, liberation, and to
Anal. vol. ii. p. 126, No. 68 ; Anth. Palat. x. 124 ; protect him from injury, as being a worthy man, who
Horat. Ep. i. 1, 30. )
suffered as great a loss as any one by Pansa's death,
5. A grammarian, ridiculed in an epigram by and who, even if this had not been the case, would
Apollinaris. (Brunck, Anal. vol. ii. p. 283, Anth. never have allowed himself to be persuaded to commit
Palat. xi. 399. )
such a crime. (Cic. ad Brut. 6. ) He is perhaps the
6. Spiridion, or Scyridicus, a rhetorician men- same person who is quoted by Scribonius Largus.
tioned by Quintilian (Inst
. vi. 1. § 41), and fre (De Compos. Medicum. c. 206. ) (W. A. G. )
quently by Seneca. (Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. ii. GNAEUS, or CNEIUS (Traos), an engraver
p. 122, vol. vi. p. 130. )
[P. S. ] of gems, contemporary with Dioscorides, in the time
GLYCON (Trówv). 1. An Athenian sculptor, of Augustus. Several beautiful gems are inscribed
known to us by his magnificent colossal marble with his name. (Mus. Florent, vol. ii. tab. 7;
## p. 279 (#295) ############################################
GOBRYAS.
279
GORDIANUS.
Stosch, Pierres gravées, tab. 23; Bracci, tab. | 2 ext. § 2; Aristeid. rol i. p. 502, vol. ii. p. 236. )
49. ).
(P. S. ] Gobryas accompanied Dareius into Scythia, and
GNATHAENA (Tvádaiva), a celebrated Greek discovered the true meaning of the symbolical de
hetaera, of whom some witty sayings are recorded fiance of the Scythians. (Herod. iv. 132, 134. )
by Athenaeus (ziü. p. 585). She wrote a róuos He was doubly related to Dareius by marriage :
OVO OITIKÓS, in the same fashion as vbuos were com- Dareius married the daughter of Gobryas, and
monly written by philosophers. It consisted of Gobryas married the sister of Dareius ; and one of
323 lines, and was incorporated by Callimachus in his children by her was Mardonius. (Herod. vii.
his πίναξ των νόμων.
(L. S. ) 2, 5. )
GNESIPPUS (PVOITTOS), the son of Cleoma- 3. One of the commander of the army with
chus, a Dorian lyric poet, according to Meineke, which Artaxerxes II. met his brother Cyrus. (Xe-
whose light and licentious love verses were attacked noph. Anab. i. 7. & 12. )
[P. S. )
by Chionides, Cratinus, and Eupolis. . The pas- GOLGUS (róxyos), a son of Adonis and Aphro-
sages quoted by Athenaeus seem, however, to bear dite, from whom the town of Golgi, in Cyprus, was
out fully the opinion of Welcker, that Gncsippus believed to have derived its name. (Schol. ad
was a tragic poet, and that the description of his Theocrit. xv. 100. )
(L. S. ]
poetry given by Athenaeus (παιγνιαγράφου της GO'NATUS ANTIGONUS. (ANTIGONUS. )
inapās uotons) refers to his choral odes. (Athen. GOʻNGYLUS (Ponyúaos). 1. Of Eretria, was
xiv. p. 638, d. e. ; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. the agent by whose means Pausanias entered into
vol. ii. pp. 7, 27–29; Welcker, die Griech. Trag. communication with Xerxes, B. C. 477. To his
vol. iii. pp. 1024-1029. )
[P. S. ] charge Pausanias entrusted Byzantium after its re-
GNIPHO, M. ANTO'NIUS, a distinguished capture, and the Persian prisoners who were there
Roman rhetorician, who lived in the last century taken, and who, by his agency, were now allowed to
before the Christian aera. He was born in B. C. escape, and (apparently in their company) he also
114, and was a native of Gaul, but studied at Alex- himself went to Xerxes, taking with him the re-
andria. He was a man of great talent and extra markable letter from Pausanias, in which he pro-
ordinary memory, and was thoroughly acquainted posed to put the Persian king in possession of
with Greek as well as Roman literature, and he is Sparta and all Greece, in return for marriage with
further praised as a person of a kind and generous his daughter. (Thuc. i. 129 ; Diod. xi. 44 ; Nepos,
disposition. After his returu from Alexandria, he Paus. 2. ).
taught rhetoric at first in the house of J. Caesar, Xenophon, on his arrival in Mysia with the
who was then a boy, and afterwards set up a school Cyrean soldiers (B. C. 399), found Hellas, the
in his own house. He gave instruction in rhetoric widow of this Gongylus, living at Pergamus. She
every day, but declaimed only on the pundines, entertained him, and, by her direction, he attacked
Many men of eminence are said to have attended the castle of Asidates, a neighbouring Persian
his lectures, and among them Cicero, when he was noble. She had borne her husband two sons, Gor-
praetor. He died in his fiftieth year, and left be- gion, and another Gongylus, the latter of whom, on
hind him many works, though Ateius Capito main finding Xenophon endangered in his attempt, went
tained that the only work written by him was out, against his mother's will, to the rescue, accom-
De Latino Sermone, in two books, and that the panied by Procles, the descendant of Demaratus.
other treatises bearing his name were productions (Xen. Anab. vii. 8.
