The and extenuates his tergiversation ;
Augustin
also
choice of Hosius for this conciliatory mission, defends him.
choice of Hosius for this conciliatory mission, defends him.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
]
was the first person at Rome who brought peacocks HORUS (Apos), the Egyptian god of the sun,
to table. (Plin. H. N. X. 23).
whose worship was established very extensively in
He was not happy in his family. By his first Greece, and afterwards even at Rome, although
wife, the daughter of Catulus, he had one son (see Greek astronomy and mystic philosophy greatly
below, No. 8). It was after the death of Lutatia modified the original idea of Horus. He was com-
that the curious transaction took place by which pared with the Greek Apollo, and identified with
he bought or borrowed Marcia, the wife of Cato. Harpocrates, the last-bom and weakly son of
(Cato, No. 9, p. 648. ) He is acquitted of sensual Osiris. (Plut. de Is. et Os. 19. ) Both were re-
profligacy by Plutarch. (Cat. Mi. 25); though he presented as youths, and with the same attributes
wrote love-songs not of the most decent description. and symbols. (Artemid. Oneir. ii. 36 ; Macrob.
(Ov. Trist. ii. 441; Gell. xix. 9. )
Sat. i. 23 ; Porphyr. ap. Euseb. Praep. Evang. v.
8. Q. HortensIUS HORTALUS, Q. F. L. N. , 10; Iamblich. de Myster. vii. 2. ) He was believed
son of the great orator, by Lutatia. His education to have been born with his finger on his mouth, as
was probably little cared for, for Cicero attributes indicative of secrecy and mystery ; and the idea of
his profligacy to the corrupting influence of one something mysterious in general was connected with
Salvius, a freedman (ad Att. x. 18). On his re the worship of Horus-Harpocrates; the mystic
turn from his province, in B. c. 50, Cicero found philosophers of later times therefore found in him
him at Laodicea, living with gladiators and other a most welcome subject to speculate upon. In the
low company (ad Att. vi. 3). From the expres earlier period of his worship at Rome he seems to
sions in the same place, it appears that his father have been particularly regarded as the god of quiet
had cast him off; and we learn from other authority life and silence (Varr. de L. L. iv. p. 17, Bip. ;
that he purposed to make his nephew, Messalla, Ov. Met. ix. 691 ; Auson. Epist. ad Paul. xxv.
his beir, to the exclusion of this son. (Val. Max. 27), and at one time the senate forbade his worship
v. 9. & 2. ) However, he came in for part, at least, at Rome, probably on account of excesses committed
of his father's property ; for we find Cicero in- at the mysterious festivals ; but the suppression
quiring what he was likely to offer for sale to not permanent. His identification with
satisfy his creditors (ad Att. vii. 3). However, in Apollo is as old as the time of Herodotus (ii. 144,
49, the civil war broke out, and Hortensius seized 156; comp. the detailed mythuses in Diod. i. 25,
on the opportunity to repair his ruined fortunes. &c. ; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, &c. ) The god acts a
He joined Caesar in Cisalpine Gaul, and was sent prominent part also in the mystic works attributed
on by him to occupy Ariminum ; he therefore was to Hermes Trismegistus; but we cannot enter here
the man who first actually crossed the Rubicon. into an examination of the nature of this Egyptian
(Plut. Caes. 32; Suet. Jul. 31. ). Soon after he com- divinity, and refer the reader to Jablonsky, Panth.
manded a cruising squadron on the coast of Italy, and Aegypt. i. p. 244, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
received a letter from Curio, Caesar's lieutenant in der Weltgesch. vol. i. p. 505, &c. ,and other works on
Sicily, desiring him to favour the escape of Cicero. Egyptian mythology.
(L. S. ]
He visited Terentia, Cicero's wife, at their Cuman HORUS (*. 2pos or 'npos), according to Suidas,
villa, and Cicero himself at his Pompeian, to assure an Alexandrian grammarian, who taught at Con-
them of his good offices (Cic. ad Att. x. 12, 16, stantinople, and wrote a great many works on
17); but he did not, or perhaps could not, keep grammatical subjects, which are now lost. It has
his word. (Ib. 18). His squadron joined the fleet been supposed that he is the same as the gran-
of Dolabella a little before the battle of Pharsalia. marian Horapollo, but the works which Suidas
[Dolabella, No. 8. )
attributes to Horus are different from those of Ho-
In B. C. 44 he held the province of Macedonia, rapollo. Macrobius (Sat. i. 7) mentions a Cynic
and Brutus was to succeed him. After Caesar's philosopher of the pame of Horus. [L. S. ]
(ALEXANDE
instucted to
bad risen a
Ca sĩ H
which, bere
errian etter
an and yod
la A. D. 3
in the distris
tabe ebore
pertama it
tists of bars
thers, and of
had been cor
2
a synod of
prelates of
Parcianin
fatement ;
was
mu di sotte
secution of
with the clo
Hosies o
Nizza Nc
writen Eus
found for t
de ad ann
that in the
Busen, and
of these ass
of the Ada
and tha: hi
Diss his P1
Athanasias
take the
limits had
VOL, IL
## p. 529 (#545) ############################################
HOSIUS.
529
HOSIDIUS.
HOʻSIUS ("Orus, i. e. Holy), sometimes written | Nuala TOTIV débetu), an expression which Tille
OʻSIUS, an eminent Spanish ecclesiastic of the mont interprets of his composing the creed. We
fourth century. As he was above a century old at hear little of Hosius until the council of Sardica,
the time of his death, his birth cannot be fixed A. D. 347, where he certainly took a leading part,
later than A. D. 257, and is commonly fixed in 256. and at which probably he was again president. In
That he was a Spaniard is generally admitted, A. D. 355 Constantius endeavoured to persuade
though if he be (as Tillemont not unreasonably Hosius to write in condemnation of Athanasius,
suspects), the person mentioned by Zosimus (ii. 29), and the attempt, which was not successful, drew
he was an Egyptian by birth. That he was a from the aged bishop a letter, the only literary re-
native of Corduba (Cordova) is a mere conjecture main which we have of him, wh. ch is given by
of Nicolaus Antonio. As he held the bishopric Athanasius (Hist. Arian. ad Munach. c. 44). Con-
of Corduba above sixty years, his elevation to that stantius sent for Hosius to Milan A. D. 355, in hopes
bee was not later than A. D. 296. He assisted at the of subduing his firmness, but not succeeding, al-
council of Iliberi or Eliberi, near Granada, and his lowed him to return. In 356–7 the emperor made
name appears in the Acta of the council as given by a third trial, and with more success. He compelled
Labbe. (Concil
. vol. i. col. 967, &c. ) The date of this Hosius to attend the council of Sirmium ; kept hinu
council is variously computed. Labbe fixes it in A. D. there for a year in a sort of exile (Athanas. ut sup.
305, and Cave follows him; but Tillemont contends c. 45), and, according to the dying declaration of
for A. D. 300. Hosius suffered, as his own letter the old man, confirmed by Socrates, had him sub-
to the emperor Constantius shows, in the persecu- jected to personal violence. Hosius so far sub-
tion under Diocletian and Maximian, but to what mitted as to communicate with the Arian prelates
extent, and in what manner, is not to be gathered Valens and Ursacius, but could not be brought to con-
from the general term “confessus sum,” which he demn Athanasius, and with this partial submission
uses. The reverence which his unsullied integrity his persecutors were obliged to be content. (Atha-
excited was increased by his endurance of per- nas. l. c. ) This was in 357, and he was dead when
Becution; and he acquired the especial favour of Anathasius wrote the account of his sufferings a
the emperor Constantine the Great In A. D. 324 year after. The manner of his death is disputed.
Constantine sent him to Alexandria with a sooth-An ancient account states that while pronouncing
ing letter, in which he attempted to stop the dis sentence of deposition on Gregory of Iliberi, who
putes which had arisen between Alexander, the bad refused, on account of his prevarication at Sir-
bishop of Alexandria, and the presbyter Arius. mium, to communicate with him, he died sud-
(ALEXANDER, ST. p. 111; ARIUS. ] He was also denly. His memory was regarded differently by
instructed to quiet, if possible, the disputes which different persons; Athanasius eulogises him highly,
had arisen as to the observance of Easter.
The and extenuates his tergiversation ; Augustin also
choice of Hosius for this conciliatory mission, defends him. (Athanas. Augustin. Euseb. I. cc. ;
which, however, produced no effect, shows the Euseb. De Vit. Constantin. ii. 63, iii. 7; Socrat.
opinion entertained by the emperor of his moder- H. E. 7, 8, ii. 20, 29, 31 ; Soz. i. 10, 16,
ation and judgment.
17, iii. 11 ; Tillemont, Mémoires, vol. vii. p. 300,
In A. D. 313 he seems to have been concerned &c. ; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacrés, vol. iv. p. 521, &c. ;
in the distribution of money made by Constantine Nicolaus Antonio, Biblioth. Vet. Hisp. lib. ii. c. i. ;
to the churches in Africa (Euseb. H. E. . 6. ): Baronius, Annales Eccles. ; Galland. Bibl. Patruni,
perhaps it was owing to something which occurred vol. v. Proleg. c. viii. )
(J. C. M. ]
on this occasion, that he was accused by the Dona- HOSI'DIUS GETA. 1. Was proscribed by the
tists of having assisted Caecilianus in persecuting triumvirs in B. C. 43, and rescued by the ingenious
them, and of having instigated the emperor to severe piety of his son, who, pretending that his father
measures against them. They also affirmed that he had laid violent hands on himself, performed the
had been condemned on some charge not stated by funeral rites for him, and concealed him meanwhile
a synod of Spanish bishops, and absolved by the on one of his farms. To disguise himself more
prelates of Gaul Augustin (Contra Epistolam effectually, the elder Hosidius wore a bandage over
Parmeniani, i. 7) virtually admits the truth of this one eye. He was finally pardoned, but his simu-
statement ; and, from the nature of the Donatist | lated blindness was carried on so long as to cause
controversy, it is not improbable that the charge real privation of sight. (Appian, B. C. iv. 41;
was of some unworthy submission during the per- Dion. Cass. xlvii. 10. )
secution of Diocletian--a charge not inconsistent 2. Cn. Hosidius Geta, was propraetor of Nu-
with the closing incident in the career of Hosius. midia under the emperor Claudius in A. D. 42. He
Hosius certainly took part in the council of defeated and chased into the desert a Moorish chief
Nicaea (Nice) A. D. 325 ; and, although the earlier named Sabalus : but his army was in extreme dis-
writers, Eusebius, Sozomen, and Socrates give no "tress for water, and Hosidius was doubtful whether
ground for the assertions of Baronius (Annal. Eo to retreat or continue the pursuit, when a Numidian
des. ad ann. 325, xx. ) that Hosius presided, and recommended him to try magical arts to procure
that in the character of legate of the pope, who was rain. Hosidius made the experiment with such
absent, and even Tillemont admits that the proofs success, that his soldiers were immediately relieved ;
of these assertions are feeble, yet it is remarkable and Sabalus deeming him a man of preternatural
that the subscription of Hosius in the Latin copies powers, surrendered. (Dion Cass. Ix. 9. ) Hosi-
of the Acta of the council stands first; and Atha dius was afterwards legatus of A. Plautius in
nasius says that he usually presided in councils, Britain, when he obtained so signal a victory over
and that his letters were always obeyed. Perhaps the British, that, although a subordinate officer, he
also his presidency may be intimated in what obtained the triumphal ornaments. (Id. lx. 20. )
Athanasius (Histor. Arian. ad Monach. c. 42) According to an inscription (Reines. p. 475; com-
makes the Arian prelates say to Constantius, that pare Reimarus, ad Dion. Cass. lx. 9), Hosidius
Hosius had published the Nicene creed (Tolv év I was one of the supplementary consuls in A. D. 49.
;
a
a
VOL. IL
NN
## p. 530 (#546) ############################################
630
HOSTILIA.
HOSTILIUS.
ENVIR
GETA
It is uncertain to what Hosidius Geta the annexed her second husband, in order that her son by the
coin refers.
[W. B. D] first marriage might succeed him in the consulship.
(Liv. xl. 37. )
(W. B. D. )
HOSTI’LÍA GENS came originally from Me-
dullia, and was probably transported thence to
Rome by Romulus. (Dionys. iii. 1. ) It is uncertain
whether the Hostilia gens under the republic traced
their descent from this source ; but two coins of
HOIDICE
L. Hostilius Saserna, bearing the heads of Pallor
and Pavor, indicate such an origin, since Tullus
COIN OF HOSIDIUS GETA.
Hostilius, in his war with Veii and Fidenae, vowed
HOSI'DIUS GETA, the poet. [Gera. ] temples to Paleness and Panic. (Liv. i. 27; Lac-
HOSPITA’LIS, the guardian or protector of the tant. i 20 ; Augustin. de Civ. Dei, iv. 15, 23, vi.
law of hospitality. We find the title of dii hospi- 10. ) The Hostilia gens had the surnames Cato,
tales as applied to a distinct class of gods, though FIRMINUS (see below), MANCINUS, Rutilus, SA-
their names are not mentioned. (Tacit. Ann. xv. SERNA, and TUBULUS.
(W. B. D. ]
52; Liv. xxxix. 51; Ov. Met. v. 45. ) But the
HOSTI'LIUS. ). Hostus Hostilius, of Me
great protector of hospitality was Jupiter, at Rome dullia, was the first of the Hostilian name at Rome.
called" Jupiter hospitalis, and by the Greeks Zeus He married the Sabine matron Hersilia (Hersilia),
tévios. (Serv. ad Aen. i. 140; Cic. ad Q. frat, ii. by whom he had a son, the father of Tullus Hosti-
12; Hom. Od. xiv. 389. )
[L. S. ] lius, third king of Rome. In the war that sprung
HOSTILIA'NUS. Certain coins, belonging to from the rape of the Sabine women, Hostilius was
the reign of Decius, bear upon the obverse a repre- the champion of Rome, and fell in battle. (Liv. i.
sentation of the emperor and his wife Etruscilla, 12; Dionys. ii. 1. Macrob. Sat. i. 6. )
with the legend CONCORDIA AUGUSTORUM, while
2. Tullus Hostilius, grandson of the pre-
the reverse exhibits the portraits of two youths, ceding, was the third king of Rome. Thirty-iwo
with the words PIETAS AUGUSTORUM. One of
years—from about B. c. 670 to 638—were assigned
these individuals is unquestionably Herennius by the annalists to his reign. According to the
Etruscus [ETRUSCUS], and other medals taken in legends, his history ran as follows :-Hostilius
connection with inscriptions prove that the second departed from the peaceful ways of Numa, and
must be C. Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus, to aspired to the martial renown of Romulus. He
which Victor adds Perpenna, who after the defeat made Alba acknowledge Rome's supremacy in the
and death of Decius and Etruscus (A. D. 251) war wherein the three Roman brothers, the Ho-
[Decius) was associated in the purple with Tre- ratii, fought with the three Alban brothers, the
bonianus Gallus, and died soon afterwards, either Curiatii, at the Fossa Cluilia. Next he warred
of the plague at that time ravaging the empire, or with Fidenae and with Veii, and being straitly
by the treachery of his colleague. So obscure and pressed by their joint hosts, he vowed temples to
contradictory, however, are the records of this Pallor and Pavor-Paleness and Panic. And after
period, that historians have been unable to deter- the fight was won, he tore asunder with chariots
mine whether this 'Hostilianus was the son, the Mettius Fufetius, the king or dictator of Alba, be-
son-in-law, or the nephew of Decius. A view of cause he had desired to betray Rome; and he
the different arguments will be found in the works utterly destroyed Alba, sparing only the temples of
of Tillemont and Eckhel, but the question seems the gods, and bringing the Alban people to Rome,
to be in a great measure decided by the
testimony where he gave them the Caelian hill to dwell on.
of Zosimus, who distinctly states that Decius had Then he turned himself to war with the Sabines,
a son, whom he does not name, in addition to who, he said, had wronged the Roman merchants
Etruscus, and that this son was assumed by Tre- at the temple of Feronia, at the foot of Mount
bonianus as his partner in the imperial dignity. Soracte ; and being again straitened in fight in a
We must not omit to notice, at the same time, wood called the Wicked Wood, he vowed a yearly
that a reign of two years is assigned to a Hostili- festival to Saturn and Ops, and to double the number
anus, placed by Cedrenus (p. 451, ed. Bonn) im- of the Salii, or priests of Mamers. And when, by
mediately before Philip.
their help, he had vanquished the Sabines, he per-
(Victor, de Caes. 30, Epit. 30; Eutrop. ix.
was the first person at Rome who brought peacocks HORUS (Apos), the Egyptian god of the sun,
to table. (Plin. H. N. X. 23).
whose worship was established very extensively in
He was not happy in his family. By his first Greece, and afterwards even at Rome, although
wife, the daughter of Catulus, he had one son (see Greek astronomy and mystic philosophy greatly
below, No. 8). It was after the death of Lutatia modified the original idea of Horus. He was com-
that the curious transaction took place by which pared with the Greek Apollo, and identified with
he bought or borrowed Marcia, the wife of Cato. Harpocrates, the last-bom and weakly son of
(Cato, No. 9, p. 648. ) He is acquitted of sensual Osiris. (Plut. de Is. et Os. 19. ) Both were re-
profligacy by Plutarch. (Cat. Mi. 25); though he presented as youths, and with the same attributes
wrote love-songs not of the most decent description. and symbols. (Artemid. Oneir. ii. 36 ; Macrob.
(Ov. Trist. ii. 441; Gell. xix. 9. )
Sat. i. 23 ; Porphyr. ap. Euseb. Praep. Evang. v.
8. Q. HortensIUS HORTALUS, Q. F. L. N. , 10; Iamblich. de Myster. vii. 2. ) He was believed
son of the great orator, by Lutatia. His education to have been born with his finger on his mouth, as
was probably little cared for, for Cicero attributes indicative of secrecy and mystery ; and the idea of
his profligacy to the corrupting influence of one something mysterious in general was connected with
Salvius, a freedman (ad Att. x. 18). On his re the worship of Horus-Harpocrates; the mystic
turn from his province, in B. c. 50, Cicero found philosophers of later times therefore found in him
him at Laodicea, living with gladiators and other a most welcome subject to speculate upon. In the
low company (ad Att. vi. 3). From the expres earlier period of his worship at Rome he seems to
sions in the same place, it appears that his father have been particularly regarded as the god of quiet
had cast him off; and we learn from other authority life and silence (Varr. de L. L. iv. p. 17, Bip. ;
that he purposed to make his nephew, Messalla, Ov. Met. ix. 691 ; Auson. Epist. ad Paul. xxv.
his beir, to the exclusion of this son. (Val. Max. 27), and at one time the senate forbade his worship
v. 9. & 2. ) However, he came in for part, at least, at Rome, probably on account of excesses committed
of his father's property ; for we find Cicero in- at the mysterious festivals ; but the suppression
quiring what he was likely to offer for sale to not permanent. His identification with
satisfy his creditors (ad Att. vii. 3). However, in Apollo is as old as the time of Herodotus (ii. 144,
49, the civil war broke out, and Hortensius seized 156; comp. the detailed mythuses in Diod. i. 25,
on the opportunity to repair his ruined fortunes. &c. ; Plut. de Is. et Os. 12, &c. ) The god acts a
He joined Caesar in Cisalpine Gaul, and was sent prominent part also in the mystic works attributed
on by him to occupy Ariminum ; he therefore was to Hermes Trismegistus; but we cannot enter here
the man who first actually crossed the Rubicon. into an examination of the nature of this Egyptian
(Plut. Caes. 32; Suet. Jul. 31. ). Soon after he com- divinity, and refer the reader to Jablonsky, Panth.
manded a cruising squadron on the coast of Italy, and Aegypt. i. p. 244, &c. ; Bunsen, Aegyptens Stelle in
received a letter from Curio, Caesar's lieutenant in der Weltgesch. vol. i. p. 505, &c. ,and other works on
Sicily, desiring him to favour the escape of Cicero. Egyptian mythology.
(L. S. ]
He visited Terentia, Cicero's wife, at their Cuman HORUS (*. 2pos or 'npos), according to Suidas,
villa, and Cicero himself at his Pompeian, to assure an Alexandrian grammarian, who taught at Con-
them of his good offices (Cic. ad Att. x. 12, 16, stantinople, and wrote a great many works on
17); but he did not, or perhaps could not, keep grammatical subjects, which are now lost. It has
his word. (Ib. 18). His squadron joined the fleet been supposed that he is the same as the gran-
of Dolabella a little before the battle of Pharsalia. marian Horapollo, but the works which Suidas
[Dolabella, No. 8. )
attributes to Horus are different from those of Ho-
In B. C. 44 he held the province of Macedonia, rapollo. Macrobius (Sat. i. 7) mentions a Cynic
and Brutus was to succeed him. After Caesar's philosopher of the pame of Horus. [L. S. ]
(ALEXANDE
instucted to
bad risen a
Ca sĩ H
which, bere
errian etter
an and yod
la A. D. 3
in the distris
tabe ebore
pertama it
tists of bars
thers, and of
had been cor
2
a synod of
prelates of
Parcianin
fatement ;
was
mu di sotte
secution of
with the clo
Hosies o
Nizza Nc
writen Eus
found for t
de ad ann
that in the
Busen, and
of these ass
of the Ada
and tha: hi
Diss his P1
Athanasias
take the
limits had
VOL, IL
## p. 529 (#545) ############################################
HOSIUS.
529
HOSIDIUS.
HOʻSIUS ("Orus, i. e. Holy), sometimes written | Nuala TOTIV débetu), an expression which Tille
OʻSIUS, an eminent Spanish ecclesiastic of the mont interprets of his composing the creed. We
fourth century. As he was above a century old at hear little of Hosius until the council of Sardica,
the time of his death, his birth cannot be fixed A. D. 347, where he certainly took a leading part,
later than A. D. 257, and is commonly fixed in 256. and at which probably he was again president. In
That he was a Spaniard is generally admitted, A. D. 355 Constantius endeavoured to persuade
though if he be (as Tillemont not unreasonably Hosius to write in condemnation of Athanasius,
suspects), the person mentioned by Zosimus (ii. 29), and the attempt, which was not successful, drew
he was an Egyptian by birth. That he was a from the aged bishop a letter, the only literary re-
native of Corduba (Cordova) is a mere conjecture main which we have of him, wh. ch is given by
of Nicolaus Antonio. As he held the bishopric Athanasius (Hist. Arian. ad Munach. c. 44). Con-
of Corduba above sixty years, his elevation to that stantius sent for Hosius to Milan A. D. 355, in hopes
bee was not later than A. D. 296. He assisted at the of subduing his firmness, but not succeeding, al-
council of Iliberi or Eliberi, near Granada, and his lowed him to return. In 356–7 the emperor made
name appears in the Acta of the council as given by a third trial, and with more success. He compelled
Labbe. (Concil
. vol. i. col. 967, &c. ) The date of this Hosius to attend the council of Sirmium ; kept hinu
council is variously computed. Labbe fixes it in A. D. there for a year in a sort of exile (Athanas. ut sup.
305, and Cave follows him; but Tillemont contends c. 45), and, according to the dying declaration of
for A. D. 300. Hosius suffered, as his own letter the old man, confirmed by Socrates, had him sub-
to the emperor Constantius shows, in the persecu- jected to personal violence. Hosius so far sub-
tion under Diocletian and Maximian, but to what mitted as to communicate with the Arian prelates
extent, and in what manner, is not to be gathered Valens and Ursacius, but could not be brought to con-
from the general term “confessus sum,” which he demn Athanasius, and with this partial submission
uses. The reverence which his unsullied integrity his persecutors were obliged to be content. (Atha-
excited was increased by his endurance of per- nas. l. c. ) This was in 357, and he was dead when
Becution; and he acquired the especial favour of Anathasius wrote the account of his sufferings a
the emperor Constantine the Great In A. D. 324 year after. The manner of his death is disputed.
Constantine sent him to Alexandria with a sooth-An ancient account states that while pronouncing
ing letter, in which he attempted to stop the dis sentence of deposition on Gregory of Iliberi, who
putes which had arisen between Alexander, the bad refused, on account of his prevarication at Sir-
bishop of Alexandria, and the presbyter Arius. mium, to communicate with him, he died sud-
(ALEXANDER, ST. p. 111; ARIUS. ] He was also denly. His memory was regarded differently by
instructed to quiet, if possible, the disputes which different persons; Athanasius eulogises him highly,
had arisen as to the observance of Easter.
The and extenuates his tergiversation ; Augustin also
choice of Hosius for this conciliatory mission, defends him. (Athanas. Augustin. Euseb. I. cc. ;
which, however, produced no effect, shows the Euseb. De Vit. Constantin. ii. 63, iii. 7; Socrat.
opinion entertained by the emperor of his moder- H. E. 7, 8, ii. 20, 29, 31 ; Soz. i. 10, 16,
ation and judgment.
17, iii. 11 ; Tillemont, Mémoires, vol. vii. p. 300,
In A. D. 313 he seems to have been concerned &c. ; Ceillier, Auteurs Sacrés, vol. iv. p. 521, &c. ;
in the distribution of money made by Constantine Nicolaus Antonio, Biblioth. Vet. Hisp. lib. ii. c. i. ;
to the churches in Africa (Euseb. H. E. . 6. ): Baronius, Annales Eccles. ; Galland. Bibl. Patruni,
perhaps it was owing to something which occurred vol. v. Proleg. c. viii. )
(J. C. M. ]
on this occasion, that he was accused by the Dona- HOSI'DIUS GETA. 1. Was proscribed by the
tists of having assisted Caecilianus in persecuting triumvirs in B. C. 43, and rescued by the ingenious
them, and of having instigated the emperor to severe piety of his son, who, pretending that his father
measures against them. They also affirmed that he had laid violent hands on himself, performed the
had been condemned on some charge not stated by funeral rites for him, and concealed him meanwhile
a synod of Spanish bishops, and absolved by the on one of his farms. To disguise himself more
prelates of Gaul Augustin (Contra Epistolam effectually, the elder Hosidius wore a bandage over
Parmeniani, i. 7) virtually admits the truth of this one eye. He was finally pardoned, but his simu-
statement ; and, from the nature of the Donatist | lated blindness was carried on so long as to cause
controversy, it is not improbable that the charge real privation of sight. (Appian, B. C. iv. 41;
was of some unworthy submission during the per- Dion. Cass. xlvii. 10. )
secution of Diocletian--a charge not inconsistent 2. Cn. Hosidius Geta, was propraetor of Nu-
with the closing incident in the career of Hosius. midia under the emperor Claudius in A. D. 42. He
Hosius certainly took part in the council of defeated and chased into the desert a Moorish chief
Nicaea (Nice) A. D. 325 ; and, although the earlier named Sabalus : but his army was in extreme dis-
writers, Eusebius, Sozomen, and Socrates give no "tress for water, and Hosidius was doubtful whether
ground for the assertions of Baronius (Annal. Eo to retreat or continue the pursuit, when a Numidian
des. ad ann. 325, xx. ) that Hosius presided, and recommended him to try magical arts to procure
that in the character of legate of the pope, who was rain. Hosidius made the experiment with such
absent, and even Tillemont admits that the proofs success, that his soldiers were immediately relieved ;
of these assertions are feeble, yet it is remarkable and Sabalus deeming him a man of preternatural
that the subscription of Hosius in the Latin copies powers, surrendered. (Dion Cass. Ix. 9. ) Hosi-
of the Acta of the council stands first; and Atha dius was afterwards legatus of A. Plautius in
nasius says that he usually presided in councils, Britain, when he obtained so signal a victory over
and that his letters were always obeyed. Perhaps the British, that, although a subordinate officer, he
also his presidency may be intimated in what obtained the triumphal ornaments. (Id. lx. 20. )
Athanasius (Histor. Arian. ad Monach. c. 42) According to an inscription (Reines. p. 475; com-
makes the Arian prelates say to Constantius, that pare Reimarus, ad Dion. Cass. lx. 9), Hosidius
Hosius had published the Nicene creed (Tolv év I was one of the supplementary consuls in A. D. 49.
;
a
a
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630
HOSTILIA.
HOSTILIUS.
ENVIR
GETA
It is uncertain to what Hosidius Geta the annexed her second husband, in order that her son by the
coin refers.
[W. B. D] first marriage might succeed him in the consulship.
(Liv. xl. 37. )
(W. B. D. )
HOSTI’LÍA GENS came originally from Me-
dullia, and was probably transported thence to
Rome by Romulus. (Dionys. iii. 1. ) It is uncertain
whether the Hostilia gens under the republic traced
their descent from this source ; but two coins of
HOIDICE
L. Hostilius Saserna, bearing the heads of Pallor
and Pavor, indicate such an origin, since Tullus
COIN OF HOSIDIUS GETA.
Hostilius, in his war with Veii and Fidenae, vowed
HOSI'DIUS GETA, the poet. [Gera. ] temples to Paleness and Panic. (Liv. i. 27; Lac-
HOSPITA’LIS, the guardian or protector of the tant. i 20 ; Augustin. de Civ. Dei, iv. 15, 23, vi.
law of hospitality. We find the title of dii hospi- 10. ) The Hostilia gens had the surnames Cato,
tales as applied to a distinct class of gods, though FIRMINUS (see below), MANCINUS, Rutilus, SA-
their names are not mentioned. (Tacit. Ann. xv. SERNA, and TUBULUS.
(W. B. D. ]
52; Liv. xxxix. 51; Ov. Met. v. 45. ) But the
HOSTI'LIUS. ). Hostus Hostilius, of Me
great protector of hospitality was Jupiter, at Rome dullia, was the first of the Hostilian name at Rome.
called" Jupiter hospitalis, and by the Greeks Zeus He married the Sabine matron Hersilia (Hersilia),
tévios. (Serv. ad Aen. i. 140; Cic. ad Q. frat, ii. by whom he had a son, the father of Tullus Hosti-
12; Hom. Od. xiv. 389. )
[L. S. ] lius, third king of Rome. In the war that sprung
HOSTILIA'NUS. Certain coins, belonging to from the rape of the Sabine women, Hostilius was
the reign of Decius, bear upon the obverse a repre- the champion of Rome, and fell in battle. (Liv. i.
sentation of the emperor and his wife Etruscilla, 12; Dionys. ii. 1. Macrob. Sat. i. 6. )
with the legend CONCORDIA AUGUSTORUM, while
2. Tullus Hostilius, grandson of the pre-
the reverse exhibits the portraits of two youths, ceding, was the third king of Rome. Thirty-iwo
with the words PIETAS AUGUSTORUM. One of
years—from about B. c. 670 to 638—were assigned
these individuals is unquestionably Herennius by the annalists to his reign. According to the
Etruscus [ETRUSCUS], and other medals taken in legends, his history ran as follows :-Hostilius
connection with inscriptions prove that the second departed from the peaceful ways of Numa, and
must be C. Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus, to aspired to the martial renown of Romulus. He
which Victor adds Perpenna, who after the defeat made Alba acknowledge Rome's supremacy in the
and death of Decius and Etruscus (A. D. 251) war wherein the three Roman brothers, the Ho-
[Decius) was associated in the purple with Tre- ratii, fought with the three Alban brothers, the
bonianus Gallus, and died soon afterwards, either Curiatii, at the Fossa Cluilia. Next he warred
of the plague at that time ravaging the empire, or with Fidenae and with Veii, and being straitly
by the treachery of his colleague. So obscure and pressed by their joint hosts, he vowed temples to
contradictory, however, are the records of this Pallor and Pavor-Paleness and Panic. And after
period, that historians have been unable to deter- the fight was won, he tore asunder with chariots
mine whether this 'Hostilianus was the son, the Mettius Fufetius, the king or dictator of Alba, be-
son-in-law, or the nephew of Decius. A view of cause he had desired to betray Rome; and he
the different arguments will be found in the works utterly destroyed Alba, sparing only the temples of
of Tillemont and Eckhel, but the question seems the gods, and bringing the Alban people to Rome,
to be in a great measure decided by the
testimony where he gave them the Caelian hill to dwell on.
of Zosimus, who distinctly states that Decius had Then he turned himself to war with the Sabines,
a son, whom he does not name, in addition to who, he said, had wronged the Roman merchants
Etruscus, and that this son was assumed by Tre- at the temple of Feronia, at the foot of Mount
bonianus as his partner in the imperial dignity. Soracte ; and being again straitened in fight in a
We must not omit to notice, at the same time, wood called the Wicked Wood, he vowed a yearly
that a reign of two years is assigned to a Hostili- festival to Saturn and Ops, and to double the number
anus, placed by Cedrenus (p. 451, ed. Bonn) im- of the Salii, or priests of Mamers. And when, by
mediately before Philip.
their help, he had vanquished the Sabines, he per-
(Victor, de Caes. 30, Epit. 30; Eutrop. ix.
