;
alliance
of William II
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
Cambridge Medieval History - v5 - Contest of Empire and the Papacy
; rôle of Peter the Hermit in, 299
Crusade, Second, Eugenius III and, 353;
St Bernard preaches the crusade, ib. ;
Conrad III and, 353 sqq. , 410; its dis-
astrous results, 307; 188 sq. , 347, 351
Crusade, Third, William II of Sicily and,
200; 310 sqq. ; dissensions among its
leaders, 311; its results, 311 sq. ; Frede-
rick I and, 410 sqq. ; hostility of Isaac
Angelus, ib. ; capture of Iconium, 412;
death of Frederick I, ib. ; 409, 460, 467
Crusade, Fourth, 314, 329, 332, 411
Crusade, Fifth, 314
Crusades against Christians, 323
Crusades against the Wends, 355 sq.
Cujas, on the commentators, 739; 752
Cumberland, conquered by William II, 524;
enfeoffed to Henry of Scotland, 543; sur-
rendered to Henry II, 556; 582
Cunegunda, Empress, wife of Henry II,
crowned by Benedict VIII, 15
Cunegunda (Cuniza), heiress of the Welfs,
wife of Azzo of Este, 129, 337 note, 386
Cunibert, bishop of Turin, 13 note
Cuno (Cono), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina,
excommunicates Henry V, 160; his
activity against Henry V, 103, 161; 595
Curia, Papal, viii
Curia Regis, in England, under William I,
515; under Henry I, 533 sqq. ; in Sicily,
205
Cyprus, conquered by Richard I, 310; dynasty
of Lusignans in, 314; Henry VI and, 473;
Kings of, see Amaury, Guy, Henry de
Lusignan, Hugh III
Dābiq, battle of, 260
Dagobert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, Latin Patriarch
of Jerusalem, 92, 220; his claims as
Patriarch, 304, 313
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
61
## p. 962 (#1008) ###########################################
962
Index
Dialogus de Scaccario, 573
Diepold of Vohburg, German general, 464,
470, 472
Dieppe, tolls of, 486
Diether, chancellor of Henry VI, on Sicily,
462
Dietrich, count of Katlenburg, 152 note
Dietrich of Landsberg, bis accusations
against Henry the Lion, 404
Dietrich, bishop of Verdun, given territory
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143
Dietrich of Wettin, 465
Dijon, 2, 437, 618 sq. , 649; monastery of
St Bénigne at, 659 sq. , 662 sq. ; 695
Dinant, échevins at, 632
Dionysius Exiguus, his collection of canons,
Dudley, 544
Dudo, dean of Saint-Quentin, on history of
Normandy, 484
Duffield, 568
Duisburg, 407
Dunois, county of, 653
Duns Scotus, his philosophy, 827 sqq.
Dunstable, 538
Dunstan, St, 3; his reform of English
monasteries, 663; Theodulf's capitulary
and, 775
Dunster, 544
Dunwich, 538
Duqāq, Shams-al-mulūk, ruler of Damascus,
Turkish leader, 264, 293
Durance, river, 664
Durand, bishop of Troarn, 3
Durandus (Wilhelmus Durantis), the canon.
ist, 742
Durazzo, captured by Normans, 181 sq. ; re-
taken, 182; 199, 280, 283
Durham, 504, 543 sq. ; castle of, 522; see
of, 511, 537; cathedral, 553; abbey, 689,
691
Dyfed, South Welsh principality, 525, 546
708 sq.
Dirghām, vizier of Egypt, defeated by
Amaury I, 308; deposed by Nūr-ad-Din,
ib.
Disceptatio Synodalis, treatise of St Peter
Damian, 44
Dives, river, 495, 499
Djidjelli, captured by Roger II, 189
Dmitri, King of Russia, and Gregory VII, 85
Dobin, Wendish fortress, 355, 397
Dol, in Brittany, 518, 536
Dole, in Franche Comté, 618
Domain, royal, in Germany, 122 sq. ; Henry
IV and domain in Saxony, 128; in Eng.
land, 508 sq. ; in France, 592 sqq.
Domesday Book, evidence to be drawn from,
505 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; church lands,
509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; secular clerks,
679
Domfront, seized by William I, 495; 527,
531
Dominic, St, 683
Donaldbane, elected King of Scotland, but
deposed by William II, 524
Donati, Corso, podestà, 238
Donation of Constantine, 711; Nicholas II
and, 175; Gregory VII makes use of,
85; Urban II uses, 85 note, 90, 175
Doneau, the jurist, 752
Donnelay, 654
Donzy, 615
Dorchester (on Thames), see of, 511, 516
Dorotheus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Dorset, 544, 549
Dorylaeum, crusaders defeat Turks at, 286
sq. ; Conrad III defeated at, 608
Douaren, the jurist, 752
Dover, 501, 503, 521, 567 sq.
Dreu of Mouchy, and Louis VII, 615
Dreux, 593; count of, 614; see Robert
Drogo, bishop of Macon, 34
Drogo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, goes
to Aversa, 170; wars against Byzantines,
171; recognised as leader of Apulian
Normans, 172; murder of, 173
Drogo of Nesle, a leader of crusades, 277
Druses, their belief as to Caliph Hākim,
253
Dublin, 504, 565 sq.
Eadmer, chronicler, on St Anselm, 97
Eadric the Wild, revolts against William I,
504
Eadwig, King of England, 663
Ealdgyth, Queen, wife of Harold, 497
Ealdred, archbishop of York, crowns
William I, 502; death of, 516
East Anglia, 481, 501 sq. , 504, 507, 522,
551, 568, 570, 578, 581; earl of, 518
Eberhard, archbishop of Salzburg, papal
sympathies of, 394; Frederick I's letter
to, 431; 395
Eberhard, archbishop of Trèves, made
primate of Gallia Belgica, 34
Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg, sent by
Frederick I on embassy to Rome, 382; tries
to reconcile Frederick I and Hadrian IV,
429; his attitude towards claims of
Frederick I, 394
Eberhard, count of Nellenburg, sent by
Henry IV on embassy to Italy, 65; sent to
garrison Lüneburg, 130; captured by
Saxons, 131
Eborard, bishop of Norwich, 553
Ę brach, Cistercian abbey, 676
Échauffour, barony of, 488 sq.
Échevins, in French communes,
Eden, river, 524
Edessa, Frankish county of, 301 sq. ; 304 sq. ;
Baldwin first count, 287; conquered by
Zangī, 307; effect of its fall on Europe,
307, 353, 373, 607; counts of, see Baldwin,
Joscelin
Edgar the Aetheling, set aside by Harold,
481; plan to raise him to the throne on
Harold's death, 501; submits to William,
502; taken to Normandy, 503; vain re-
bellions of, 503 sqq. ; sent by William II to
invade Scotland, 524; takes the Cross, 527
632 sq.
## p. 963 (#1009) ###########################################
Index
963
Edgar, son of Malcolm Canmore, King of
Scotland, 524
Edictum Rotharis, the, 723, 730 sq.
Edinburgh, castle of, 571
Edington, canons of, 683
Edith, Queen, widow of Edward the Con-
fessor, 508
Edith, Queen of Henry I, see Matilda
Edward the Confessor, King of England,
death of, 481
Edward I, King of England, and French
communes, 634; his crusade, 317
Edward III, King of England, 692
Edwin, earl of Mercia, acquiesces in Harold's
election, 482; defeated by Harold Hardrada,
499; retires to his estates after Hastings,
501 sq. ; submits to William, 502; rebels,
503; death of, 505
Egbert, archbishop of York, his collection of
penitentials, 710
Egilbert, archbishop of Trèves, 113 note
Egypt, Islām in, Chap. vi; Tūlūnite dynasty
in, 244 sq. ; rule of emirs from Baghdad, 245
sq. ; conquered byFātimite Caliphs, 247sqq. ;
position of, in second half of tenth century,
252 sq. ; under Caliph Hākim, ib. ; under
Caliph Mustanşir, 258 sqq. ; peace restored
by Badr-al-jamāli, 262; invaded by Turks,
262; Norman attacks on coasts of, 200;
relations with kingdom of Jerusalem, 308;
conquered for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Saladin,
Sultan of, 309; crusades against, 314 sqq. ;
Mamlūks of, conquer Latin States, 317 sq.
Eichstädt, 32
Eider, river, 344, 387, 399
Eike von Repkow, his Sachsenspiegel, 753
Eilica, daughter of duke Magnus Billung,
marries Otto of Ballenstadt, 152 sq. ; mother
of Albert the Bear, ib.
Einhard, the historian, 773
Ekbert I, count of Brunswick, aids Anno to
capture Henry IV, 115, 129; made mar-
grave of Meissen, 129
Ekbert II, count of Brunswick, made
margrave of Meissen, 129; leader in Saxon
revolt, 130 sq. ; expels Vratislav of Bohe-
mia from Meissen, 135; won over by Henry
IV, 141; his ambition, 144; his isolation
and death, 145; 152 sq. , 164, 334
Ekbert, bishop of Münster, 342
Ekkehard, chronicler, 155; on inception of
the First Crusade, 272
Elbe, river, 344, 355, 357, 397, 399, 401, 460,
465
Eleanor, of Aquitaine, Queen, marries Louis
VII, 604; urges Louis to support Ralph of
Vermandois, 606; divorced, and marries
Henry II, 551, 609; imprisoned, 567; vice-
regal authority of, 575
Elim, 301
Elster, river, battle near, 141
Elvira, council of, and celibacy, 11
Elvira, wife of Roger II, 191
Ely, 504 sq. , 549, 552; monastery, 509;
diocese created by Henry I, 535
Emico, count of Leiningen, a leader of
crusaders, persecutes Jews, 277,
Emmehard, missionary, made bishop of
Mecklenburg, 356
Emperors of the East, see Alexius I, II, III,
Andronicus, Basil I, II, Constantine VII,
VIII, IX, Isaac Angelus, John Comnenus,
John Tzimisces, Leo III, VI, Manuel,
Michael IV, VII, Nicephorus II, III,
Romanus III, IV
Emperors of the West (and Kings of the
Romans), see Charles, Conrad II, III,
Frederick, I, II, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar III, Louis, Otto I, II, III, IV, Philip
England, Chaps. XIV, xv, XVI; Norman
monarchy in, xv sq. ; simony in, 9 sq. ;
Leo IX and, 29; church reform in, 45 sq. ;
Gregory VII and, 63, 83 sq. ; Henry the
Lion and, 406 sq. , 460; rental in 1086,
506 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; lands held by
clergy, 509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; tenure
of fiefs under William I, 511 sqq. ; con-
dition of peasants, 513; development of
Roman and canon law in, 757 sqq. ; see also
Peter's Pence; Kings of, see Edward the
Confessor, Edward I, III, Harold, Henry
I, II, V, VIII, John, Richard, Stephen,
William I, II
Enguerrand of Coucy, 593, 595
Ennodius, historian, 766
Epernon, castle of, 593, 596
Eppenstein, family of, predominant in
Carinthia, 114, 140; see Liutold
Eppin the cup-bearer, at the court of Charles
the Great, 772
Epte, river, 491, 601 sq.
Equestrian order, revived at Rome, 373
Erfurt, synod at (1073), 131 note; synod at
(1074), 61; diet of (1182), Henry the Lion
submits to Frederick I at, 406; diet of
(1196), refuses to make crown hereditary,
478
Eric I, King of Denmark, 344
Eric II, King of Denmark, driven out by
Magnus, 344; obtains the throne, 344 sq. ;
386
Eric III, King of Denmark, 355, 386
Erlembald, leader of reformers at Milan, 40,
47 sq. ; visits Rome, 47; war against Guido,
48; ruler of Milan, 48, 219; rising against
him, and his murder, 64
Erluin, abbot of Lobbes, 5
Erlung, bishop of Würzburg, revolts against
Henry V, 160
Ermengarde, viscountess of Narbonne,
appeals to Louis VII, 616
Ermesinde, daughter of Henry, count of
Namur, 411
Ermingarde, sister of Conrad III, marries
Godfrey of Lorraine, 350 note
Esdraelon, plain of, 249
Eskil, archbishop of Lund, outrage against,
390, 424
Esne, 630
Essex, 502 sq. , 508, 549, 568; earldom of,
61—2
## p. 964 (#1010) ###########################################
964
Index
created by Stephen, 546; earls of, see
Mandeville
Este, castle of Estensi Otbertines, 230
Estensi, line of Otbertine marquesses,
225
Estrith, sister of Knut, 490
Esychius, 768
Etampes, 342, 620
Étienne of Tournai, the canonist, 742
Eu, 483, 490, 531, 536, 539; comté, 485
Eudes, duke of Burgundy, helps to found
Cîteaux, 672
Eudes, count of Corbeil, 596
Eugenius II, Pope, and schools, 776
Eugenius III, Pope (Bernard of Pisa), election
of, 370, 677; and Roman republic, 370 sq. ;
proclaims Second Crusade, 353, 373; his
doubts as to the Second Crusade, 374 sq. ;
holds council of Rheims to discuss doctrine,
376; returns to Italy, 377; attacks Arnold
at council of Brescia, ib. ; relations with
Roger II, 188, 377; attempts to regain
Rome, 377; strives to detach Conrad III
from his alliance with Manuel, 378 sq. ;
his negotiations with Conrad III, 379 sq. ;
embassy of Frederick I to, 382, 413 sq. ;
close alliance with Frederick I, 190, 384;
and Frederick I's appointment to the see
of Magdeburg, 392; unites Savigny to
Cistercians, 678; dies, 677; 383, 682
Eugenius IV, Pope, and monastic reform,
695
Eugenius,emir, translator of Ptolemy's Optics,
207
Eure, river, 536
Euric, King of the Visigoths, laws of, 726,
744 sq. , 763
Eustace, count of Boulogne, helps William I,
498; tries to drive Odo of Bayeux from
Dover, 503; his baronies, 511
Eustace, count of Boulogne, goes with his
brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, on First
Crusade, 274, 283; quarrels and is recon.
ciled with Henry I of England, 529; heiress
of, marries Stephen, 537
Eustace of Blois, count of Boulogne, son of
King Stephen, 550; supported by Louis
VII, 609; death of, 551, 610
Eustace Grener, captures Tyre, 305
Eutin, 354
Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Murrough,
565
Everard de Ros, 578
Ęvesham, abbey, 684
Evrecy, 525, 530
Évreux, 531, 536, 539, 603; comté, 485;
count of, 612
Ewyas, 525
Exchequer, English, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 533 sq. ; under Henry II, 573
Fakhr-al-mulūk Ridwān, see Ridwan
Falaise, 483, 490, 492 sq. , 523, 531, 55);
Robert of Bellême and, 530; tolls of, 486
Falkenstein, castle, 339
False Decretals, see Law, Canon
Fāmiyah, besieged by Greeks, 250, 252
Fārābi, Arab philosopher, 815 sq.
Farfa, monastery of, 658; its endowment,
661 ; resists reform, 5, 662; reformed by
abbot Hugh, 664; Frederick I at, 421; 14,
36
Fasdiq (Tell-as-sultān), 261
Fātik, Aziz-ad-Daulah, 255
Fātimite Caliphs, dynasty of, 244; attacks
on Egypt, 245; conquest of Egypt, 247;
rivalry with Qarmatians, 248; conquest of
South Syria, 249; contact and wars with
Byzantine Empire, 249 sqq. ; treaties with
Byzantines, 251 sq. , 256 sq. ; Syrian revolts,
253 sqq. ; loss of North Africa, 258; em.
ployment of Turks, 259; loss of Syria to
Seljūgs, 260 sqq. ; recovery of Palestine,
264; loss of Palestine to crusaders, 295 599. ;
puppets of their viziers, 308; conquered
for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Caliphs, see 'Aziz,
Hâkim, Mu'izz, Musta'lī, Mustanşir,
*Ubaidallāh, Zahir
Fécamp, 490, 524; abbey of, foundation of,
484; charters of, 486 sq. ; 491, 500
Felix, St, of Valois, 683
Felix, bishop of Urgel, his heresy, 659
Felixstowe, 569
Fermo, 5, 65, 179 sq.
Ferrara, 23; rival of Venice, 230; death of
Urban III at, 458
Ferrers, family of, 511
Ferrers, Robert de, created earl of Derby by
Stephen, 546
Ferrers, William de, earl of Derby, rebels
against Henry II, 568; 580
Ferruchius, sells the Lateran to Urban II,
91
Fieschi, Sinibaldo de', see Innocent IV, Pope
Figeac, commune at, 634
Filieffe, commune, 653
Firdaus, see Philaretus
Fitero, abbey, 682
Fitz Alan, William, of Oswestry, rebels
against Stephen, 544
Fitz Baldwin, William, in Wales, 525
Fitz Count, Brian, 536; rebels against
Stephen, 545
Fitz Flaald, Alan, ancestor of the Stuarts,
536
Fitz Gerald, Henry, 580
Fitz Gerald, Warin, 580
Fitz Gilbert, Richard, see Strongbow, Richard
Fitz Hamon, Robert, his campaign in Wales,
525; 536; supports Henry 1, 528; im-
prisoned by Robert of Normandy, 530
Fitz John, Eustace, rebels against Stephen,
544
Fitz Osbern, Osbern, dean of Bosham, 497
Fitz Osbern, William, earl of Hereford,
founds a monastery at Lire, 493; seneschal
$99.
Exeter, besieged, 503; see of, 511; com-
munal chapter of, 678
Exmes, tolls of, 486; 543
Eye, honour of, 528, 537, 541, 558, 561
## p. 965 (#1011) ###########################################
Index
965
of William I, 497; left in charge in England,
503; his baronies, 511; erects castles, 512;
death of, 518
Fitz Stephen, William, on the exchequer,
574
Flanders, dispute as to succession in, 598 sqq. ;
communes in, 626, 637, 639, 643 sqq. , 649;
monasticism in, 677; 135, 288, 410 sq. ,
494, 518, 535, 604; counts of, see Baldwin,
Charles, Philip, Robert, Thierry, William
Flarchheim, indecisive battle of (1080), 141
Fleury, monastery of, 661; reformed by Odo,
662; its dependent houses, 663
Fleury, historian, on Ratherius, 3
Flochberg, castle, besieged by Welf VI, 357
Flora, hermitage, 688
Florence, council in (1055), 31; death of
en IX at, 33; 35; death of Nicholas II
near, 39; consuls at, 220; wars with the
Guidi and Alberti, 224; position at end of
twelfth century, 225; her increasing power,
228; her foes and allies, ib. ; meetings of
the Savii at, 234
Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, later of
London, 555, 557, 563
Foliot, Roger, 576
Folmar, archdeacon, his claim to arch-
bishopric of Trèves, 408, 455 sq. , 458;
finally deposed by Clement III, 409,
459
Fontaines, Pierre de, French jurist, 751
Fontaneto, provincial synod at (1057), 41
Fonte Avellana, monastery of, 33, 667
Fontebuono, monastery, 667
Fontenay, abbey, 673
Fontevrault, monastery and order of, 671,694
Fontfroide, abbey, 688
Forchheim, diet at, Rudolf of Swabia elected
king, 71, 137 sqq. , 166, 334
· Formulas Visigoticas, the, 744
Fornham St Genevieve, battle at, 570
Foroiulium (Udine), see of, 28
Forth, the, 524
Fountains, abbey, 553, 666, 677, 686 sq.
Framlingham, castle, 568 sq. , 571
France, Chap. XVIII; anarchy in, 592 sqq. ;
growth of royal power in, xvi sq. ; simony
in, 9; church reform in, 34, 46, 81 sqq. ,
88 sq. ; lay investiture abolished in, 99;
alliance of Hohenstaufen with, 397;
temporary breach of alliance, 468 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
748 sqq. ; legal literature and teaching,
750 sqq. ; schools of rhetoric in, 766;
episcopal schools in, 771 sq. ; Charles the
Great and schools in, 772 sqq. ; schools
after Charles, 776 sqq. ; Kings of, see
Charles, Henry I, Louis VI, VII, IX,
Philip I, II; see also Communes
Franche Comté, see Burgundy, county of
Francis, St, of Assisi, his mission to Egypt,
325
Franciscans, the, and Aristotelianism, 822
sg.
Franconia, duchy of, 113, 118 sq. , 137, 140,
145, 339, 383; bishops of Würzburg given
ducal rights in, 118; bishop Erlung de-
prived of these rights, 160; ascendancy of
Hohenstaufen in, 336; monasticism in,
676
Frangipani, John, Urban II supported by, 91
Frangipani, Roman family, drive Gelasius II
from Rome, 105; bring back Innocent II
to Rome, 368
Frankfort, council of (794), 8; settlement of
(1142), 349 sq. ; diet at (1147), 353, 357;
348, 382, 478
Franks, laws of the, 723, 727 sq.
Frederick I, Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
Chaps. XII, XIII; duke of Swabia, 379;
his unanimous election, 380 sq. ; character
of, 382, 413; his work in Germany, xvii sq. ;
his legislative work, 382 sq. ; promulgates
a Land Peace, 383; settlement of Bavaria,
385; and Denmark, 386; disturbances in
Germany during absence of, 387 sq. ; rela-
tions with Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary,
388 sq. ; relations with Burgundy, 389 sq. ;
divorces Adelaide and marries Beatrix of
Burgundy, 390; the diet of Besançon
(1157), 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; ecclesiastical
policy of, 108, 390 sqq. ; success of his
ecclesiastical policy, 395; relations with
Byzantine Empire, 396; with France, 397;
and England, ib. ; and Louis VII, 617 sqq. ;
alliance with Philip Augustus, 409; his
support of Henry the Lion, 401; breach
with Henry, 402 sq. ; tries and condemns
Henry, 404 sq. ; the Lombard League and,
Chap. XII; relations with Eugenius III,
190, 413 sg. ; his first expedition to Italy,
191, 194, 415; sacks various Milanese
castelli, 417 sq. ; alliance with Venice,
Genoa, and Pisa, 418; conference with the
Pope's ambassadors at San Quirico, 418 sq. ;
acts as Hadrian IV's squire, 419 sq. ; his
imperial coronation, 421; conflict with the
Romans, 420 sq. ; returns to Germany, 422;
negotiations with Byzantium, 191, 193,
196, 422; estrangement from Hadrian IV,
109, 424; quarrel over beneficia, xii, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; Italian campaign (1158), 426 sqq. ;
diet of Roncaglia, xx, 117 note, 427; re-
newed dispute with Hadrian, 429 sq. ; his
attitude towards Victor IV and Alexander
III, 431 sq. ; his capture and destruction of
Milan, 434 sq. ; forms alliance with Pavia
and Genoa, 435; failure of negotiations
with Louis VII, 436; renewed difficulties
in Italy, 437 sqq. ; his third expedition to
Italy, 437 sq. ; fourth expedition to Italy,
439 sqq. ; holds diet at Lodi, 439 sq. ; be-
sieges Rome, 441; destruction of his army
by pestilence, 442; leaves Italy, ib. ; affairs
in Germany (1168), 443; failure of nego-
tiations with Alexander III, 444; fifth
expedition to Italy, 444 $99. ; and battle of
Legnano, 446 sq. ; makes treaties of Anagni
and Venice, 447 sqq. ; makes Peace of Con.
stance with Lombards, 452; holds festival
## p. 966 (#1012) ###########################################
966
Index
at Mayence, 452; and Lucius III, 408, 453,
455 sqq. ; and Urban III, 408 sq. , 457 sq. ,
475; and Gregory VIII, 409, 458 sq. ; and
Clement III, 409, 459 sq. ; and the Third
Crusade, 310, 374, 409 sqq. , 459; his
death, 310, 412; 109, 138 note, 153 sq. ,
454, 467, 477
Frederick II, Western Emperor, birth of, 457,
472; elected king, 478; his renunciation of
imperial rights at ecclesiastical elections,
109; marries Yolande, daughter of John de
Brienne, 314; becomes King of Jerusalem,
ib. ; his crusade, ib. ; weakness of his rule
in Syria, 315 sq. ; 412, 476 sq.
Frederick, archbishop of Cologne, revolts
against Henry V, 159 sqq. ; 103, 335
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, made duke, 140; governs Germany
in Henry IV's absence, 121 note, 146; his
claims to duchy confirmed, 148; death of,
150, 154 ; 147, 153
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, 153 sq. ; aids Henry V, 160;
governs Germany in Henry's absence,
161; his fame as a castle builder, 164
note; named by Henry V as his successor,
165; passed over at Mayence in favour of
Lothar, 165 sq. , 334 sqq. ; breach with
Lothar, 336, 338 sq. , 361 sq. ; anathe-
matised by Innocent II, 363; forced to sub-
mit to Lothar III, 340 sq. , 366; estranged
from Conrad III, 350; death of, 351; 381,
387, 404 note
Frederick IV of Rothenburg, duke of
Swabia, younger son of Conrad III, 379,
381; made duke, 384; supports Hugh of
Tübingen against Welf VI, 388; death of,
442; 387
Frederick V, duke of Swabia, son of
Frederick Barbarossa, knighted, 407; takes
the Cross, 410; dies, 472
Frederick, duke of Upper Lorraine, father of
Beatrice of Tuscany, 23
Frederick, duke of Bohemia, 389
Frederick, count-palatine of Saxony, leads
Saxons against Albert the Bear, 348
Frederick, count of Stade, unjustly im.
prisoned by Lothar of Saxony, 157
Frederick of Bogen, advocatus of Ratisbon,
his rebellion against Henry the Proud,
339 sq. ; supports Henry Jasomirgott
against the bishop of Ratisbon, 352
Freeman, E. A. , on battle of Hastings, 501
note
Fresnay, 517
Fressenda, second wife of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170
Fréteval, Henry II and Becket reconciled at,
Fruttuaria, monastery of, 22
Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, 3; and schools,
778
Fulbert, a tanner, grandfather of William
the Conqueror, 492
Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler, his report
of Urban II's speech at Clermont, 265;
305
Fulcher of Orleans, dubious identification
of, with Volkmar, 276
Fulda, abbey, 340, 661; peace of Henry VI
with Henry the Lion at, 460
Fulford, defeat of earls Edwin and Morkere
at, 499
Fulgentius Ferrandus, his arrangement of
canons, 709
Fulgorius, Raphael, the jurist, 740
Fulham, 507
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 491; founds
a nunnery at Ronceray, 671
Fulk le Rechin, count of Anjou, and
William I, 517; opposes William II,
527; his influence in Maine, 529
Fulk V, count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem,
marries daughter of Baldwin II, 305;
succeeds to throne of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry I, 539 sq.
Furness, monastery, 541, 684
Gaeta, duke of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; beginnings of commune at,
216
Galen, translated by William of Moerbeke,
814
Galeria, 36; count of, see Gerard
Galilee, principality of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 302
Galliate, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Gallipoli, 411
Gallipoli, in Apulia, 173
Galluccio, 187
Gardie, 653
Garigliano, river, Innocent II defeated on,
187
Garlande, family of, and Louis VII, 620 sq.
Garlande, Anseau of, 595, 620
Garlande, Gilbert of, 620 sq.
Garlande, Païen of, 620
Garlande, Stephen of, 620 sq.
Garlande, William of, 620
Garonne, river, 616
Gascony, communes in, 627, 634
Gaudri, bishop of Laon, and Thomas of
Marle, 595
Gautier, archdeacon of Laon, 595
Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg, given
power to create new bishops in his diocese,
46; hostile to Henry IV, 139; death of,
145
Gebhard, bishop of Constance, papal legate
in Germany, elected bishop, 142; creates
strong papal party in South Germany,
91 sq. , 139, 143; proclaimed spiritual head
of Swabia, at assembly at Ulm, 147; sup-
563 sq.
Frisians, expedition of Henry V against,
159; join Baldwin at Tarsus, 288; colonise
Slav lands, 399; 354
Fritzlar, Henry V begins his revolt at, 149
Frosinone, 416
## p. 967 (#1013) ###########################################
Index
967
ports revolt of Henry V, 150; consecrates
bishops appointed by Henry V, 98, 100;
censured by Paschal II, 101
Gebhard, bishop of Eichstädt, see Victor II,
Pope
Gebhard, name assumed by Jaromir, bishop
of Prague, 4
Gebhard, count of Supplinburg, father of
Lothar III, 334 sq.
Gelasius I, Pope, and presentation to bene-
fices, 7 sq. ; Gelasian theory, 56 sq. , 67
Gelasius II, Pope (John of Gaeta), 105;
excommunicates Henry V, 105, 161; death
of, 105, 666; 680
Gelnhausen, diet of (1180), 404 sq. ; diet at
(1186), 409, 458
Genoa, customs confirmed by Berengar II,
213 sq. ; consuls at, 220 sqq. ; geographical
position of, 229; wars with Muslims, 226,
266 sq. ; rivalry with Pisa, 226 sq. , 311,
316 sq. , 438; rivalry with Venice, 227, 316
sq. ; aids Baldwin I, 304 sq. , 329; develop-
ment of commerce of, during crusades, 312,
328 sqq. ; supports Innocent II, 366; opposes
Frederick I, 428; allies with Alexander
III, 435, 443 sg.
; alliance of William II
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
Genoese, at Antioch, receive charter from
Bohemond, 295 note; ships at Jaffa, 295
sqq.
Gentile, bishop of Girgenti, one of Council
of Ten in Sicily, 197
Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, 504; his
baronies, 511; rebels against William II,
521 sq.
Geoffrey, bishop-elect of Lincoln, illegiti.
mate son of Henry II, 568, 570, 572;
resigns, 579; chancellor, ib.
Geoffrey, abbot of Vendôme, visits Urban II
at Rome, 91
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of King
Henry II, revolt of, 567; his death, 572
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, and
William I, 494 sq. ; death of, 495
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou,
marries Matilda, 540, 604; makes a truce
with Stephen, 542; invited to Caen by
Robert of Gloucester, 545; conquers
Normandy, 550, 607; Louis VII and, 605;
later relations with Louis, 608 sqq. ; death
of, 551, 611
Geoffrey, count of Nantes, brother of Henry
II, 555 sq. , 610 sq.
Geoffrey, count of Montescaglioso, his
rebellion crushed by William I of Sicily,
192
Geoffrey, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Geoffrey of Conversano, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176, 180
Geoffrey of Donzy, 615
Geoffrey of Mayenne, and William I, 495;
stirs up revolt in Maine, 517
Geoffrey of Monmouth, his fabulouschronicle,
553
George of Antioch, grand emir of Sicily, 205;
heads Roger II's expeditions to Africa, 189;
his death, 190
George Maniaces, see Maniaces, George
Gerald of Windsor, defends Pembroke, 525
Gerard, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, papal legate
in France, 46
Gerard, bishop of Florence, see Nicholas II,
Pope
Gerard, bishop of Pisa, his award to the
city, 220
Gerard, St, bishop of Toul, abbot of St Evré,
24
Gerard, Master of the Hospital of St John
at Jerusalem, 305
Gerard de Rideford, Master of the Temple,
aids Guy de Lusignan to the throne, 309
Gerard of Brogne, 2; and monastic reform
in the Netherlands, 663
Gerard, count of Galeria, helps Benedict IX,
19; elects Benedict X, 35; 39; embassy to
Henry IV on death of Nicholas II, 42
Gerard, lord of Buonalbergo, seeks aid from
Robert Guiscard, 172
Gerard of Cremona, translates Aristotle,
812 sq.
Gerba, captured by Roger II, 189
Gerberoi, battle of, 519
Gerbert of Aurillac, see Sylvester II, Pope
Géré, a Norman baron, description of his
fief, 488
Gerhard, provost of Magdeburg, 392
Gerhohof Reichersperg, on freedom of
Church, 392
Germain de Granval, St, 771
Germany, Chaps. III, X, XII, XIV; reform of
monasteries in, 2; resentment in, against
papal authority, 60 sq. ; ravaged by pesti-
lence (1093), 92; permanent papal legate
in, 88; political and social structure of,
xvii sq. , 117 sqq. ; nobles in, xviii; towns
in, xix, 119 sq. ; effect of king's minority
on, xii; alliance of kings with bishops, 59,
123 sq. ; position of Henry IV in, in 1076,
139; evil state of, 141; rise of new noble
families in, 152 sq. ; famine in, 352 sq. ;
condition of, on accession of Frederick I,
381; feuds in, during Frederick's absence,
387 sqq. ; effect of fall of Henry the Lion
in, 405; position in, on the departure of
Frederick I to the Crusade, 459 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
752 sqq. ; Kings of, see Emperors of the
West
Germigny-sur-l'Aubois, 598
Gero, bishop of Halberstadt, 403
Gerold, bishop of Oldenburg, 399
Gersindis of Maine, wife of Azo, and William
I, 517
Gerstungen, assembly at, Henry IV makes
peace with Saxons, 132, 134, 143
Gertrude, daughter of Henry the Lion, widow
of Frederick of Rothenburg, marries Canute
VI of Denmark, 387
Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, wife of
## p. 968 (#1014) ###########################################
968
Index
Henry the Proud, 153 sq. , 337; supports
Welf cause on death of Henry, 348; her
character, 349; marries Henry Jasomir-
gott, 350; death of, 350
Gertrude of Babenberg, half-sister of Conrad
III, marries Vladislav II of Bohemia, 352
Gertrude, countess of Holland, step-sister of
Lothar III, 164, 599
Gertrude, sister of Ekbert of Meissen, 145,
153; marries Henry the Fat, 145 sq. , 152;
her other marriages, 152 note
Gervais, archbishop of Rheims, 38
Gervase of Canterbury, chronicler, on
Gregory VIII, 458; on the Justiciar, 577
Gesta Francorum, on Alexius' claim to
Antioch, 294
Gesta Tancredi, on battle of Dorylaeum,
286 note; on strength of Baldwin and
Tancred, 288 note, 289 note
Geuksun (Coxon), 286
Géza I, King of Hungary, son of Béla of
Hungary, 113; expels Salomo, King of
Hungary, 85; marriage alliance with
Magnus of Saxony, 130; struggle with
Henry IV, 133; obtains a crown from
Michael VIII, 133
Géza II, King of Hungary,defeats Henry Jaso.
mirgott, 352; relations with Frederick I,
389
Ghent, 483, 599 sq. ; monastery of St Pierre
at, 663
Gherardesca family, become Pisan citizens,
224
Ghibelline (Weibling), first use of term, 349
Gibbon, on economic effects of the Crusades,
Giovenazzo, 192
Giraldus Cambrensis, chronicler,on Henry VI,
477
Girgenti, 176 sq.
Gisela, Empress, wife of Conrad II, 17 sq. ,
24
Gisors, Calixtus II meets Henry I at, 106,
603; Henry I annexes, 601 sqq. ; recovered
by Louis VI, 607; 609; 611 sq. ; occupied
by Henry II, 614; Henry II meets his
sons at, 569
Gisulf, prince of Salerno, established at
Salerno by Normans, 173; conflict with
Richard of Aversa, ib. ; negotiates with
Roger, 174; deprived of his states by
Guiscard, 179
Glamorgan,conquered by Robert Fitz Hamon,
525, 530
Glanville, Ranulf de, 571; his treatise on
English laws, 572; as justiciar, 578; a
sheriff, 580; a judge in the north, 585
Glastonbury, monastery, 509, 685, 691;
St Dunstan at, 663, 691
Gleichen, castle, 145
Glossators, the, at Bologna, 736 sqq.
Gloucester, Robert of Caen, earl of, illegiti-
mate son of Henry I, created earl, 536;
540 sqq. ; submits to Stephen, 543; takes
up arms for Matilda in Normandy, 544 sq. ;
invades England, 545; captures Stephen,
547; captured and exchanged, 548; con-
tinues the war, 549; dies, ib. ; 498 note
Gloucester, William, earl of, 568 sq.
Gloucester, honour of, 536
Gloucester, town and castle, 524, 537 sq. ,
547, 549, 555; miracle in, 564; abbey, 690
Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 689
Gloucestershire, 503, 580
Glycys, river, Norman army winters near, 182
Godalming, 523
Godebald, bishop of Utrecht, his revolt
against Henry V, 164
Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim, 3
Godfrey the Bearded, duke of Lorraine,
marries Beatrice of Tuscany, 31; assists
Alexander II, 43 sq. ; his challenge to
imperial authority, 112; his influence in
Italy, 114; marches against Normans,
45, 116, 178; death of, 49, 125 note; 33,
35, 115, 145
Godfrey II Gibbosus, duke of Lower Lorraine,
asked by Gregory VII for aid, 59; his
loyalty to Henry IV, 125 note; husband
of Matilda, ib. ; murder of, 135
Godfrey of Bouillon, heir of Duke Godfrey
of Lower Lorraine, 135; allotted ter ry
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143; made duke
of Lower Lorraine, 145; joins First Crusade,
147, 274, 280 sq. , 300; his relations with
Alexius, 281 sq. , 284; at Nicaea, 285; at
battle of Dorylaeum, 286 sq. ; at siege of
Antioch, 291; marches to Jerusalem, 295;
storms city and defeats Egyptians at
Ascalon, 296 sq. ; 298; elected Defender
of the Holy Sepulchre, 296, 300; dies,
327 sq.
Gien, 615
Giffard, family, fiefs of, 511, 536 sq.
Giffard, Walter, earl of Buckingham, 522 sq. ;
supports Henry I, 528
Giffard, William, chancellor, 528
Gigny, abbey, 661 sq.
Gilbert de la Porrée, bishop of Poitiers,
theological opinions of, 376; attacked by
Walter of St Victor, 804; his philosophy,
809 sq.
Gilbert of Sempringham, founds his Order,
553, 682
Gilbert, count of Brionne, 491 sq.
Gilbert, count of Gravina, revolts against
William I, 195
Gilbert le Tonnelier (the Cooper, Buatere,
Botericus), first leader of Normans in
South Italy, 169
Gilbert de Clare, see Clare, Gilbert of
Gilbert of Mons, chronicler, on relations of
Frederick I and Henry the Lion, 402; his
account of Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Gilbertines, see Sempringham, Order of
Gilds, in Italian cities, 236 sq. ; in France,
637
Giles of Lessines, and Albertus Magnus,
821
Gioacchino (Joachim), the hermit, abbot of
Flora, 688; his mysticism, 804
## p. 969 (#1015) ###########################################
Index
969
300; his part in the First Crusade, 292,
300; legend of, 303; 304
Godfrey of Brabant, made duke of Lower
Lorraine by Henry V, 151; relations with
Lothar III, 338; and Flanders, 599; death
of, 350
Godfrey the younger, duke of Lower
Lorraine, 350 sq.
Godfrey, count of Calw, made count-palatine
of the Rhine, 159; governs Germany in
Henry V's absence, 161
Godfrey, count of Namur, aids Henry IV,
151
Godfrey, sub-deacon, nominated by Guido
as his successor as archbishop of Milan,
48; condemned by Alexander II, ib. ; in-
vested by Henry IV and consecrated, 49;
ignored by Henry IV and supplanted by
Tedald, 64 sq.
Godfrey of Viterbo, chronicler, on Conrad III,
358; on Henry VI, 454
Godwin, family of, 482
Godwine of Warwick, 576
Gometz, castle of, 593, 596 sq.
Gonville Hall, Cambridge, 690
Gorze, monastery of, 2, 13, 663
Goslar, council of (1019), 16; diet at (1070),
condemns Otto of Nordheim, 129; Henry IV
at, 130; besieged by Henry the Lion, 406;
122, 135, 140, 160, 336, 346, 357 sq. , 385,
394, 401, 403, 410
Gospatric, earl of Bernicia, rebels against
William I, 503 sq.
Gottschalk, leader of a band of crusaders, 276
Gottschalk, his views on predestination,
holds synod at Rome (1075), 38, 62 sqq. ;
efforts to enforce obedience in North Italy,
63 sqq. ; plans for crusade, 63, 147, 268,
271; conflict with Henry IV begins, 64,
134; ultimatum to Henry IV, 65 sq. , 135;
imprisoned by Cencius, 66; Henry's attack
on, 66 sq. , 135; excommunicates Henry,
67, 135; his justification, 67; goes north
to preside over council at Augsburg, 69;
absolves Henry at Canossa, 69 sqq. , 136 sq. ;
returns to Rome, 71; sends legates to diet
at Forchheim, 71; his neutrality on elec-
tion of Rudolf of Swabia, 71 sq. , 140; dis-
satisfaction of both kings with, 72; legisla-
tion of (1078-9), 72 sq. ; excommunicates
and deposes Henry IV (1080), 74 sq. , 141;
effect of sentence, 75 sq. ; deposed by
council of Brixen, 76, 141; seeks aid from
Normans, 76; relations with Normans,
76 sq. , 178 sqq. , 193; alliance with Robert
Guiscard, 77, 181; Romans begin to fail
him, 78; Henry IV victorious over, 79;
rescued by Robert Guiscard, 79; death of,
at Salerno, 80; summary of his work, 80;
his extreme claims the result of opposition,
81; his relations with France, 81 sqq. ;
with England, 84 sq. , 497,516; with other
countries, 85, 133; results of his policy,
85; position of his supporters at his death,
86; Cluny and, 665; and schools, 777 sq. ;
4, 13 note, 109 sqq. , 130, 143, 151 sq. , 391
Gregory VIII, anti-Pope, see Bourdin
Gregory VIII, Pope (Albert of Morra), 409,
458 sq. ; death of, 459
Gregory IX, Pope, and Aristotle, 818; issues
his Decretals, 713 sq. , 748; and the reform
of the Benedictine Order, 686; and the
Celestines, 688; and Frederick II's crusade,
314
Gregory XI, Pope, approves Order of Corpus
Christi, 692
Gregory XII, Pope, and abbey of Santa
Giustina, 693
Gregory XIII, Pope, issues official edition of
the Corpus iuris canonici, 714, 742
Gregory Papareschi, see Innocent II, Pope
Gregory, rival of Benedict VIII, 15
Gregory, naval prefect under Otto III, 14 sq.
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, and
Lombard law, 730
Grimoald of Bari, rebels against Roger II,
186
Groby, castle, 568 sq.
Groenendael, monastery, 694
Groot, Gerhard, of Deventer, mystic, 694
Grosmont, monastery, 669
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, his
translations from Greek, 331, 812 sqq.
Gruffydd ap Cynan, prince of North Wales
(Gwynedd), 525
Guaimar IV, prince of Salerno, obtains aid
from Normans, 168 sq. ; death of, 169
Guaimar V, prince of Salerno, succeeds to
principality, 169; joined by Rainulf, 170;
chosen as leader by Normans, 171; de-
784 sq.
Gozzolini, Silvestro, 688
Grado, patriarch of, rights of, 18, 28
Grand Assize, see Assize of Windsor
Grande-Chartreuse, monastery of, 669 sq.
Grandmont, monastic order of, 668 sq.
Gratian, John, see Gregory VI, Pope
Gratian, canon-lawyer, his Decretum, 73,
706 sq. , 712 sqq. ; 711; teaches canon law
at Bologna, 742
Gravina, 176; concordat of, between Tancred
and Celestine III, 202, 465
Gregory I the Great, St, Pope, Gregory VII
and, 53 sq. , 72; 711
Gregory II, Pope, 711
Gregory IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; 13 note
Gregory V, Pope, 22
Gregory VI, Pope (John Gratian), papacy of,
19; deposition and death of, 21; 22 sqq. ,
52, 69
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), ix sq. , xii;
Chaps. II, III; early life of, 19, 24 sq. ,
32 sqq. , 36 sqq. , 41, 49,51 sqq. , 174; elected
Pope, 51; his character and policy, 53 sqq. ;
situation of Papacy on his accession, 58 sq. ;
reconciliation with Henry IV, 59 sq. ; and
church reform, 60 sqq. ; reduces Siegfried,
archbishop of Mayence, to obedience, 60 sq. ;
relations with German episcopate, 53, 61 ;
## p. 970 (#1016) ###########################################
970
Index
Guy of Rochefort, 597, 602
Guzance, nunnery,
681
Gwynedd (North Wales), 525, 556 sq. ;
princes of, see Gruffydd, Owen
Gyrth, brother of Harold, killed at Hastings,
501
Gytha, mother of Harold, holds out against
William, 503
prived of Capua by Henry III, 172; murder
of, 173
Gualbert, St John, see John Gualbert
Guarino, bishop of Modena, and celibacy,
14
Guastalla, council of (1106), 101
Guibert of Nogent, on Thomas of Marle,
593
Guibert (anti-Pope Clement III), archbishop
of Ravenna, and the pa pal election decree,
37, 42; submits to Alexander II, 60; again
proclaims independence of his see, 64;
elected Pope at Brixen, 75 sq. , 141 sq. ;
his character, 76; enthroned as Clement
III, 79; expelled from Rome, 91; his
attitude on re-ordination, 93; and election
of Paschal II, 96; death of, 94, 96 sq. , 149;
87, 90, 143, 145, 182, 526
Guibert, chronicler, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Guidi, counts, wars with Florence, 224
Guido of Crema (anti-Pope Paschal III),
elected Pope, 394 sq. , 438; canonises
Charlemagne, 439; at Viterbo, 440; at
Rome, 441; death of, 443; 397
Guido, cardinal, protects Arnold of Brescia,
372
Guido, archbishop of Milan, 28, 33, 39 sqq. ;
summoned to Rome, 42; conflict with
Pataria, 47 sq. ; resigns, but returns, 48;
death of, 48; 219
Guido, bishop of Arezzo, and simony, 26
Guido, son of the count of Biandrate,
nominated by Frederick I as archbishop
of Ravenna, 429
Guienne, communes in, 627, 650
Guifred of Cerdagne, archbishopof Narbonne,
10
Guigues du Châtel, prior of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669 sq.
Guiscard, Robert, see Robert Guiscard
Guisnes, county of, 548; see also Vere
Gulielmus, a Pavese lawyer, 733
Guncelin of Hagen, count of Schwerin, and
the Wends, 398; aids Henry the Lion,
406
Gundisalvi, Dominic, translator and philo-
sopher, 811, 817
Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, his
Lex Gundobada, 722, 726; his Lex Romana
Burgundionum, 722
Gunther, archbishop of Cologne, 13
Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and
Cyprus, marries Sibylla, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309; his rule in Jerusalem, 310;
captured by Saladin, ib. ; besieges Acre,
ib. ; his rivalry with Conrad of Montferrat,
310 sq. ; receives Cyprus from Richard I,
311
Guy, archbishop of Rheims, 26
Guy, archbishop of Vienne, see Calixtus II,
Pope
Guy, count of Flanders, 404 note
Guy of Burgundy, and William I of
Normandy, 493
Hadrian I, Pope, his collection of canons
(Dionysio-Hadriana), 709; his (forged)
privilege to Charles the Great, 101
Hadrian IV, Pope (Nicholas Breakspear),
his accession and character, 415 sq. ; rela.
tions with Arnold of Brescia, 415 sq. ;
places Rome under interdict, 416; rela-
tions with William I of Sicily, 192 sq. ,
416 sq. ; signs treaty of Benevento with
Normans, 193; mediates between Manuel
VII and William I, 194; his alliance with
Normans against the Empire, ib. ; sends
an embassy to Frederick I, 418; meets
Frederick I, 419 sq. ; crowns Frederick,
421; his critical position in 1155, 423;
his war against William of Sicily, ib. ;
defeated and forced to make peace, 424;
his estrangement from Frederick I, ib. ;
quarrel over beneficia, xii, 109, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; disputes renewed, 429 sq. ; tries
to form league against Frederick, 430;
death of, 430; approves Rule of Order of
Grammont, 668; 111, 477, 805
Hadrianople, 411
Hainault, 410
Hākim, Fātimite Caliph, 252 sqq. ; his
character, 253; damages the Holy Sepul-
chre, 257
Halberstadt, seeof, dispute between Frederick
I and Henry the Lion as to, 403; captured
by Henry, 405; 344
Haldensleben, 401, 405 sq.
Halinard, archbishop of Lyons, reforms of,
10; proposed as Pope, 23
Halle, sack of, by Lothar III, 340
Halmyrus, see Almira
Halrefeld, Henry the Lion's victory at, 406
Hamāh, in Syria, 247, 249, 256, 261, 306, 315
Hamdān, Arab house of, 245 sqq. , 250 sq. ,
Hampshire, 581
Hanover, 460
Hanseatic League, alliance with Teutonic
Order, 333
Harbottle, castle, 570
Harding, Stephen, abbot of Cîteaux, 672 sqq. ,
681
Hārim, raiders from, defeated by crusaders,
290; capture of, ib. ; 247, 257
Harmenopulus, Constantinus, an Eastern
jurist, 719
Harold, King of England, his election, 481;
its justification, 482; his fear of William
of Normandy, 482 sq. ;
marries Ealdgyth,
497 ; defeats Harold Hardrada, 499; de-
feated and killed at Hastings, 500 sq.
254 sq.
## p. 971 (#1017) ###########################################
Index
971
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, invades
England, 499; defeated and slain, ib.
Harold, brother of Canute of Schleswig,
344
Harrān, 263; Bohemond defeated at, 301
Harrow, manor of, 507
Hartwig, archbishop of Bremen, and Henry
the Lion, 356, 401, 460; deprived of regalia
by Frederick I, 393; Wendish bishoprics
and, 356, 399; death of, 401
Hartwig, archbishop of Magdeburg, at battle
of Pleichfeld, 144; relations with Henry
IV, 145
Hartwig, bishop of Ratisbon, and Frederick
I, 393
Hārūn ibn Khān, first Seljūg to gain footing
in Syria, 260
Harzburg, castle, Magnus confined in, 129;
Henry IV at, 131; destruction of, 132 sq.
Hasan, Zairid prince of Mahdiyah, and
Roger II, 189
Hasan al-'asam (Hasan al-a-sham), Qarma-
tian leader, 248
Hasan al-yāzūrī, minister of Mustanşir, 259
Hasan ibn 'Ammār, Fățimite governor in
Syria, 252
Hasan ibn Jaʼfar, sharif of Mecca, 253
Hassān, son of Mufarrij ibn Daghfal, 255
Hastings, battle of, 500 sq. ; 577
Haughley, castle, 569
Hauteville, in Normandy, 170, 493; house
of Hauteville, Chap. IV passim
Headda, schooling of, 771
Hébert, count, gives a charter to St Quentin,
626
Hélie, lord of la Flèche, in Maine, 527; re-
established as count of Maine, 529; and
Henry I, 530
Helmold, chronicler, on Henry the Lion and
the Wends, 399
Helmold of Schwerin, 460
Henfrid IV of Toron, marries Isabella, sister
of Baldwin IV, 309; refuses kingship,
310; divorced by Isabella, 311
Henry II, Western Emperor, ecclesiastical
policy of, 15 sqq. , 22; and South Italy,
168 sq. ; receives collective fealty from
Lombard towns, 214, 216; his grant to
Savona, 217
Henry III, Western Emperor, succeeds Con-
rad II, 19; ecclesiastical policy of, vii, 3, 14,
17 sqq. ; and Gregory VI, 21; his second
marriage, 21; in Italy (1054-5), 31; death
of, 31, 112; 26, 28, 32, 39 sq. ,52,59, 69, 83,
85, 109, 114, 118, 127, 152, 172, 345, 366,
394
Henry IV, Western Emperor, Chaps. II,
III; minority of, vii, xii, 31, 37, 39, 42,
44, 112 sqq. ; end of regency, 115; forced
to dismiss Adalbert, 116; personal govern-
ment begins, 116; marriage to Bertha of
Turin, ib. ; attempts to divorce her, 34,
117; his policy, 125 sq. ; his statesmanship
and character, 126; breach with Pope
Alexander II, 49, 59, 130; relations with
Poland, 130; and Saxony, xvii, 128 sqq. ;
Saxon revolt of 1073, 60, 130 sqq. ; his
reconciliation with Gregory VII, 59 sq. ,
131; and the treaty of Gerstungen, 132;
relations with Hungary, 133; defeats
Saxons on the Unstrut, 62, 64, 133 sq. ;
his harsh treatment of the Saxons, 134;
his challenge to the Pope over Milan, xii,
64 sq. , 130, 134; holds Council of Worms
(Jan. 1076), 66 sq. ; excommunicated, 67,
135 sq. ; effects of excommunication, 68,
135; and diet of Tribur, 68 sq. , 136 sq. ;
at Canossa, 69 sq. , 137; success of Henry's
plan, 71, 137; position in Germany on
coronation of Rudolf, 139; relations with
Pope, 72, 74, 139; his appointment of
dukes, 140; his diplomacy, 140 sq. ; second
excommunication of, in 1080, 74 sq. , 141;
council of Brixen deposes Gregory VII, and
sets up anti-Pope, 75, 141; expeditions to
Italy, 78, 142; captures Leonine city, 78;
captures Rome, 79; crowned Emperor by
anti-Pope, 79, 142; establishes his hold
in Germany, 143; proclaims the Peace of
God, ib. ; forced to leave Saxony again, 144;
end of Saxon revolt, ib. ; climax of his
power, 145; his second marriage, ib. ;
second campaign in Italy, 91, 146; revolt
of Conrad and Praxedis, ib. ; and First
Crusade, 147 sq. , 273; peace in Germany
(1098), 148; Henry V elected as his suc-
cessor, ib. ; Paschal II and, 97, 149; revolt
of Henry V, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ; captured and
deposed by Henry V, 150 sq. ; escapes, 151;
death of, ib. ; character of his reign, 151
sq. ; his grant to Pisa, 220 note; 109 sq. ,
154, 158, 166, 179 sq. , 182 sq. , 665
Henry V, Western Emperor, Chaps. II, III;
elected as successor to Henry IV, 148;
revolts against Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ;
captures and imprisons Henry IV, 150 sq. ;
character of, 154; his forced reliance on
the nobles, 155; relations with Paschal II,
86,96 sqq. ,100 sqq. ,155 sq. ; German policy
of, 156 sqq. ; marries Matilda, daughter of
Henry I, 159, 604; conflict with Adalbert
of Mayence, 104, 158 sqq. ; revolt of 1115
against, 159; second expedition to Italy,
104 sq. , 160 sq. ; excommunicated by
Gelasius II, 105 sq. , 161; relations with
Calixtus II, 106 sqq. , 161 sqq. ; and the Diet
of Würzburg (1121), 162; and the Concordat
of Worms,107 sq. , 163; results of his struggle
with Papacy, 163 sq. ; his position in Ger-
many, ib. ; relations with Lotharof Saxony,
164; relations with Bohemia, Hungary,
and Poland, 113, 165; last years and death,
165 sq. , 334; his character and policy,
166; his diplomas to Italian communes,
231; 104, 117, 121, 125 sq. , 161
Henry VI, Western Emperor, Chap. XIV;
his character, 454, 479 sq. ; crowned King
of Germany, 407; and of Italy, 408, 457;
his marriage with Constance of Sicily, 408,
453, 456 sq. ; regent in Germany during
## p. 972 (#1018) ###########################################
972
Index
absences of Frederick I, 407 sq. , 410, Henry VIII, King of England, 696
459 sq. ; his first Italian expedition, 202, Henry I, King of France, and Leo IX, 26 sq. ;
462 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 464; fails helped by Robert I of Normandy, 490 sq. ;
to defeat Tancred, 201 sq. , 464; difficulties helps William of Normandy, 493; attacks
in Germany, 465 sqq.
Crusade, Second, Eugenius III and, 353;
St Bernard preaches the crusade, ib. ;
Conrad III and, 353 sqq. , 410; its dis-
astrous results, 307; 188 sq. , 347, 351
Crusade, Third, William II of Sicily and,
200; 310 sqq. ; dissensions among its
leaders, 311; its results, 311 sq. ; Frede-
rick I and, 410 sqq. ; hostility of Isaac
Angelus, ib. ; capture of Iconium, 412;
death of Frederick I, ib. ; 409, 460, 467
Crusade, Fourth, 314, 329, 332, 411
Crusade, Fifth, 314
Crusades against Christians, 323
Crusades against the Wends, 355 sq.
Cujas, on the commentators, 739; 752
Cumberland, conquered by William II, 524;
enfeoffed to Henry of Scotland, 543; sur-
rendered to Henry II, 556; 582
Cunegunda, Empress, wife of Henry II,
crowned by Benedict VIII, 15
Cunegunda (Cuniza), heiress of the Welfs,
wife of Azzo of Este, 129, 337 note, 386
Cunibert, bishop of Turin, 13 note
Cuno (Cono), cardinal-bishop of Palestrina,
excommunicates Henry V, 160; his
activity against Henry V, 103, 161; 595
Curia, Papal, viii
Curia Regis, in England, under William I,
515; under Henry I, 533 sqq. ; in Sicily,
205
Cyprus, conquered by Richard I, 310; dynasty
of Lusignans in, 314; Henry VI and, 473;
Kings of, see Amaury, Guy, Henry de
Lusignan, Hugh III
Dābiq, battle of, 260
Dagobert, abbot of Farfa, 5
Daimbert, archbishop of Pisa, Latin Patriarch
of Jerusalem, 92, 220; his claims as
Patriarch, 304, 313
C. MED. H. VOL. V.
61
## p. 962 (#1008) ###########################################
962
Index
Dialogus de Scaccario, 573
Diepold of Vohburg, German general, 464,
470, 472
Dieppe, tolls of, 486
Diether, chancellor of Henry VI, on Sicily,
462
Dietrich, count of Katlenburg, 152 note
Dietrich of Landsberg, bis accusations
against Henry the Lion, 404
Dietrich, bishop of Verdun, given territory
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143
Dietrich of Wettin, 465
Dijon, 2, 437, 618 sq. , 649; monastery of
St Bénigne at, 659 sq. , 662 sq. ; 695
Dinant, échevins at, 632
Dionysius Exiguus, his collection of canons,
Dudley, 544
Dudo, dean of Saint-Quentin, on history of
Normandy, 484
Duffield, 568
Duisburg, 407
Dunois, county of, 653
Duns Scotus, his philosophy, 827 sqq.
Dunstable, 538
Dunstan, St, 3; his reform of English
monasteries, 663; Theodulf's capitulary
and, 775
Dunster, 544
Dunwich, 538
Duqāq, Shams-al-mulūk, ruler of Damascus,
Turkish leader, 264, 293
Durance, river, 664
Durand, bishop of Troarn, 3
Durandus (Wilhelmus Durantis), the canon.
ist, 742
Durazzo, captured by Normans, 181 sq. ; re-
taken, 182; 199, 280, 283
Durham, 504, 543 sq. ; castle of, 522; see
of, 511, 537; cathedral, 553; abbey, 689,
691
Dyfed, South Welsh principality, 525, 546
708 sq.
Dirghām, vizier of Egypt, defeated by
Amaury I, 308; deposed by Nūr-ad-Din,
ib.
Disceptatio Synodalis, treatise of St Peter
Damian, 44
Dives, river, 495, 499
Djidjelli, captured by Roger II, 189
Dmitri, King of Russia, and Gregory VII, 85
Dobin, Wendish fortress, 355, 397
Dol, in Brittany, 518, 536
Dole, in Franche Comté, 618
Domain, royal, in Germany, 122 sq. ; Henry
IV and domain in Saxony, 128; in Eng.
land, 508 sq. ; in France, 592 sqq.
Domesday Book, evidence to be drawn from,
505 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; church lands,
509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; secular clerks,
679
Domfront, seized by William I, 495; 527,
531
Dominic, St, 683
Donaldbane, elected King of Scotland, but
deposed by William II, 524
Donati, Corso, podestà, 238
Donation of Constantine, 711; Nicholas II
and, 175; Gregory VII makes use of,
85; Urban II uses, 85 note, 90, 175
Doneau, the jurist, 752
Donnelay, 654
Donzy, 615
Dorchester (on Thames), see of, 511, 516
Dorotheus, an Eastern jurist, 717
Dorset, 544, 549
Dorylaeum, crusaders defeat Turks at, 286
sq. ; Conrad III defeated at, 608
Douaren, the jurist, 752
Dover, 501, 503, 521, 567 sq.
Dreu of Mouchy, and Louis VII, 615
Dreux, 593; count of, 614; see Robert
Drogo, bishop of Macon, 34
Drogo, son of Tancred de Hauteville, goes
to Aversa, 170; wars against Byzantines,
171; recognised as leader of Apulian
Normans, 172; murder of, 173
Drogo of Nesle, a leader of crusades, 277
Druses, their belief as to Caliph Hākim,
253
Dublin, 504, 565 sq.
Eadmer, chronicler, on St Anselm, 97
Eadric the Wild, revolts against William I,
504
Eadwig, King of England, 663
Ealdgyth, Queen, wife of Harold, 497
Ealdred, archbishop of York, crowns
William I, 502; death of, 516
East Anglia, 481, 501 sq. , 504, 507, 522,
551, 568, 570, 578, 581; earl of, 518
Eberhard, archbishop of Salzburg, papal
sympathies of, 394; Frederick I's letter
to, 431; 395
Eberhard, archbishop of Trèves, made
primate of Gallia Belgica, 34
Eberhard, bishop of Bamberg, sent by
Frederick I on embassy to Rome, 382; tries
to reconcile Frederick I and Hadrian IV,
429; his attitude towards claims of
Frederick I, 394
Eberhard, count of Nellenburg, sent by
Henry IV on embassy to Italy, 65; sent to
garrison Lüneburg, 130; captured by
Saxons, 131
Eborard, bishop of Norwich, 553
Ę brach, Cistercian abbey, 676
Échauffour, barony of, 488 sq.
Échevins, in French communes,
Eden, river, 524
Edessa, Frankish county of, 301 sq. ; 304 sq. ;
Baldwin first count, 287; conquered by
Zangī, 307; effect of its fall on Europe,
307, 353, 373, 607; counts of, see Baldwin,
Joscelin
Edgar the Aetheling, set aside by Harold,
481; plan to raise him to the throne on
Harold's death, 501; submits to William,
502; taken to Normandy, 503; vain re-
bellions of, 503 sqq. ; sent by William II to
invade Scotland, 524; takes the Cross, 527
632 sq.
## p. 963 (#1009) ###########################################
Index
963
Edgar, son of Malcolm Canmore, King of
Scotland, 524
Edictum Rotharis, the, 723, 730 sq.
Edinburgh, castle of, 571
Edington, canons of, 683
Edith, Queen, widow of Edward the Con-
fessor, 508
Edith, Queen of Henry I, see Matilda
Edward the Confessor, King of England,
death of, 481
Edward I, King of England, and French
communes, 634; his crusade, 317
Edward III, King of England, 692
Edwin, earl of Mercia, acquiesces in Harold's
election, 482; defeated by Harold Hardrada,
499; retires to his estates after Hastings,
501 sq. ; submits to William, 502; rebels,
503; death of, 505
Egbert, archbishop of York, his collection of
penitentials, 710
Egilbert, archbishop of Trèves, 113 note
Egypt, Islām in, Chap. vi; Tūlūnite dynasty
in, 244 sq. ; rule of emirs from Baghdad, 245
sq. ; conquered byFātimite Caliphs, 247sqq. ;
position of, in second half of tenth century,
252 sq. ; under Caliph Hākim, ib. ; under
Caliph Mustanşir, 258 sqq. ; peace restored
by Badr-al-jamāli, 262; invaded by Turks,
262; Norman attacks on coasts of, 200;
relations with kingdom of Jerusalem, 308;
conquered for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Saladin,
Sultan of, 309; crusades against, 314 sqq. ;
Mamlūks of, conquer Latin States, 317 sq.
Eichstädt, 32
Eider, river, 344, 387, 399
Eike von Repkow, his Sachsenspiegel, 753
Eilica, daughter of duke Magnus Billung,
marries Otto of Ballenstadt, 152 sq. ; mother
of Albert the Bear, ib.
Einhard, the historian, 773
Ekbert I, count of Brunswick, aids Anno to
capture Henry IV, 115, 129; made mar-
grave of Meissen, 129
Ekbert II, count of Brunswick, made
margrave of Meissen, 129; leader in Saxon
revolt, 130 sq. ; expels Vratislav of Bohe-
mia from Meissen, 135; won over by Henry
IV, 141; his ambition, 144; his isolation
and death, 145; 152 sq. , 164, 334
Ekbert, bishop of Münster, 342
Ekkehard, chronicler, 155; on inception of
the First Crusade, 272
Elbe, river, 344, 355, 357, 397, 399, 401, 460,
465
Eleanor, of Aquitaine, Queen, marries Louis
VII, 604; urges Louis to support Ralph of
Vermandois, 606; divorced, and marries
Henry II, 551, 609; imprisoned, 567; vice-
regal authority of, 575
Elim, 301
Elster, river, battle near, 141
Elvira, council of, and celibacy, 11
Elvira, wife of Roger II, 191
Ely, 504 sq. , 549, 552; monastery, 509;
diocese created by Henry I, 535
Emico, count of Leiningen, a leader of
crusaders, persecutes Jews, 277,
Emmehard, missionary, made bishop of
Mecklenburg, 356
Emperors of the East, see Alexius I, II, III,
Andronicus, Basil I, II, Constantine VII,
VIII, IX, Isaac Angelus, John Comnenus,
John Tzimisces, Leo III, VI, Manuel,
Michael IV, VII, Nicephorus II, III,
Romanus III, IV
Emperors of the West (and Kings of the
Romans), see Charles, Conrad II, III,
Frederick, I, II, Henry II, III, IV, V, VI,
Lothar III, Louis, Otto I, II, III, IV, Philip
England, Chaps. XIV, xv, XVI; Norman
monarchy in, xv sq. ; simony in, 9 sq. ;
Leo IX and, 29; church reform in, 45 sq. ;
Gregory VII and, 63, 83 sq. ; Henry the
Lion and, 406 sq. , 460; rental in 1086,
506 sqq. ; crown lands, 508; lands held by
clergy, 509 sq. ; lay fiefs, 510 sqq. ; tenure
of fiefs under William I, 511 sqq. ; con-
dition of peasants, 513; development of
Roman and canon law in, 757 sqq. ; see also
Peter's Pence; Kings of, see Edward the
Confessor, Edward I, III, Harold, Henry
I, II, V, VIII, John, Richard, Stephen,
William I, II
Enguerrand of Coucy, 593, 595
Ennodius, historian, 766
Epernon, castle of, 593, 596
Eppenstein, family of, predominant in
Carinthia, 114, 140; see Liutold
Eppin the cup-bearer, at the court of Charles
the Great, 772
Epte, river, 491, 601 sq.
Equestrian order, revived at Rome, 373
Erfurt, synod at (1073), 131 note; synod at
(1074), 61; diet of (1182), Henry the Lion
submits to Frederick I at, 406; diet of
(1196), refuses to make crown hereditary,
478
Eric I, King of Denmark, 344
Eric II, King of Denmark, driven out by
Magnus, 344; obtains the throne, 344 sq. ;
386
Eric III, King of Denmark, 355, 386
Erlembald, leader of reformers at Milan, 40,
47 sq. ; visits Rome, 47; war against Guido,
48; ruler of Milan, 48, 219; rising against
him, and his murder, 64
Erluin, abbot of Lobbes, 5
Erlung, bishop of Würzburg, revolts against
Henry V, 160
Ermengarde, viscountess of Narbonne,
appeals to Louis VII, 616
Ermesinde, daughter of Henry, count of
Namur, 411
Ermingarde, sister of Conrad III, marries
Godfrey of Lorraine, 350 note
Esdraelon, plain of, 249
Eskil, archbishop of Lund, outrage against,
390, 424
Esne, 630
Essex, 502 sq. , 508, 549, 568; earldom of,
61—2
## p. 964 (#1010) ###########################################
964
Index
created by Stephen, 546; earls of, see
Mandeville
Este, castle of Estensi Otbertines, 230
Estensi, line of Otbertine marquesses,
225
Estrith, sister of Knut, 490
Esychius, 768
Etampes, 342, 620
Étienne of Tournai, the canonist, 742
Eu, 483, 490, 531, 536, 539; comté, 485
Eudes, duke of Burgundy, helps to found
Cîteaux, 672
Eudes, count of Corbeil, 596
Eugenius II, Pope, and schools, 776
Eugenius III, Pope (Bernard of Pisa), election
of, 370, 677; and Roman republic, 370 sq. ;
proclaims Second Crusade, 353, 373; his
doubts as to the Second Crusade, 374 sq. ;
holds council of Rheims to discuss doctrine,
376; returns to Italy, 377; attacks Arnold
at council of Brescia, ib. ; relations with
Roger II, 188, 377; attempts to regain
Rome, 377; strives to detach Conrad III
from his alliance with Manuel, 378 sq. ;
his negotiations with Conrad III, 379 sq. ;
embassy of Frederick I to, 382, 413 sq. ;
close alliance with Frederick I, 190, 384;
and Frederick I's appointment to the see
of Magdeburg, 392; unites Savigny to
Cistercians, 678; dies, 677; 383, 682
Eugenius IV, Pope, and monastic reform,
695
Eugenius,emir, translator of Ptolemy's Optics,
207
Eure, river, 536
Euric, King of the Visigoths, laws of, 726,
744 sq. , 763
Eustace, count of Boulogne, helps William I,
498; tries to drive Odo of Bayeux from
Dover, 503; his baronies, 511
Eustace, count of Boulogne, goes with his
brother, Godfrey of Bouillon, on First
Crusade, 274, 283; quarrels and is recon.
ciled with Henry I of England, 529; heiress
of, marries Stephen, 537
Eustace of Blois, count of Boulogne, son of
King Stephen, 550; supported by Louis
VII, 609; death of, 551, 610
Eustace Grener, captures Tyre, 305
Eutin, 354
Eva, daughter of Dermot Mac Murrough,
565
Everard de Ros, 578
Ęvesham, abbey, 684
Evrecy, 525, 530
Évreux, 531, 536, 539, 603; comté, 485;
count of, 612
Ewyas, 525
Exchequer, English, organised by Roger of
Salisbury, 533 sq. ; under Henry II, 573
Fakhr-al-mulūk Ridwān, see Ridwan
Falaise, 483, 490, 492 sq. , 523, 531, 55);
Robert of Bellême and, 530; tolls of, 486
Falkenstein, castle, 339
False Decretals, see Law, Canon
Fāmiyah, besieged by Greeks, 250, 252
Fārābi, Arab philosopher, 815 sq.
Farfa, monastery of, 658; its endowment,
661 ; resists reform, 5, 662; reformed by
abbot Hugh, 664; Frederick I at, 421; 14,
36
Fasdiq (Tell-as-sultān), 261
Fātik, Aziz-ad-Daulah, 255
Fātimite Caliphs, dynasty of, 244; attacks
on Egypt, 245; conquest of Egypt, 247;
rivalry with Qarmatians, 248; conquest of
South Syria, 249; contact and wars with
Byzantine Empire, 249 sqq. ; treaties with
Byzantines, 251 sq. , 256 sq. ; Syrian revolts,
253 sqq. ; loss of North Africa, 258; em.
ployment of Turks, 259; loss of Syria to
Seljūgs, 260 sqq. ; recovery of Palestine,
264; loss of Palestine to crusaders, 295 599. ;
puppets of their viziers, 308; conquered
for Nūr-ad-Din, 308 sq. ; Caliphs, see 'Aziz,
Hâkim, Mu'izz, Musta'lī, Mustanşir,
*Ubaidallāh, Zahir
Fécamp, 490, 524; abbey of, foundation of,
484; charters of, 486 sq. ; 491, 500
Felix, St, of Valois, 683
Felix, bishop of Urgel, his heresy, 659
Felixstowe, 569
Fermo, 5, 65, 179 sq.
Ferrara, 23; rival of Venice, 230; death of
Urban III at, 458
Ferrers, family of, 511
Ferrers, Robert de, created earl of Derby by
Stephen, 546
Ferrers, William de, earl of Derby, rebels
against Henry II, 568; 580
Ferruchius, sells the Lateran to Urban II,
91
Fieschi, Sinibaldo de', see Innocent IV, Pope
Figeac, commune at, 634
Filieffe, commune, 653
Firdaus, see Philaretus
Fitero, abbey, 682
Fitz Alan, William, of Oswestry, rebels
against Stephen, 544
Fitz Baldwin, William, in Wales, 525
Fitz Count, Brian, 536; rebels against
Stephen, 545
Fitz Flaald, Alan, ancestor of the Stuarts,
536
Fitz Gerald, Henry, 580
Fitz Gerald, Warin, 580
Fitz Gilbert, Richard, see Strongbow, Richard
Fitz Hamon, Robert, his campaign in Wales,
525; 536; supports Henry 1, 528; im-
prisoned by Robert of Normandy, 530
Fitz John, Eustace, rebels against Stephen,
544
Fitz Osbern, Osbern, dean of Bosham, 497
Fitz Osbern, William, earl of Hereford,
founds a monastery at Lire, 493; seneschal
$99.
Exeter, besieged, 503; see of, 511; com-
munal chapter of, 678
Exmes, tolls of, 486; 543
Eye, honour of, 528, 537, 541, 558, 561
## p. 965 (#1011) ###########################################
Index
965
of William I, 497; left in charge in England,
503; his baronies, 511; erects castles, 512;
death of, 518
Fitz Stephen, William, on the exchequer,
574
Flanders, dispute as to succession in, 598 sqq. ;
communes in, 626, 637, 639, 643 sqq. , 649;
monasticism in, 677; 135, 288, 410 sq. ,
494, 518, 535, 604; counts of, see Baldwin,
Charles, Philip, Robert, Thierry, William
Flarchheim, indecisive battle of (1080), 141
Fleury, monastery of, 661; reformed by Odo,
662; its dependent houses, 663
Fleury, historian, on Ratherius, 3
Flochberg, castle, besieged by Welf VI, 357
Flora, hermitage, 688
Florence, council in (1055), 31; death of
en IX at, 33; 35; death of Nicholas II
near, 39; consuls at, 220; wars with the
Guidi and Alberti, 224; position at end of
twelfth century, 225; her increasing power,
228; her foes and allies, ib. ; meetings of
the Savii at, 234
Foliot, Gilbert, bishop of Hereford, later of
London, 555, 557, 563
Foliot, Roger, 576
Folmar, archdeacon, his claim to arch-
bishopric of Trèves, 408, 455 sq. , 458;
finally deposed by Clement III, 409,
459
Fontaines, Pierre de, French jurist, 751
Fontaneto, provincial synod at (1057), 41
Fonte Avellana, monastery of, 33, 667
Fontebuono, monastery, 667
Fontenay, abbey, 673
Fontevrault, monastery and order of, 671,694
Fontfroide, abbey, 688
Forchheim, diet at, Rudolf of Swabia elected
king, 71, 137 sqq. , 166, 334
· Formulas Visigoticas, the, 744
Fornham St Genevieve, battle at, 570
Foroiulium (Udine), see of, 28
Forth, the, 524
Fountains, abbey, 553, 666, 677, 686 sq.
Framlingham, castle, 568 sq. , 571
France, Chap. XVIII; anarchy in, 592 sqq. ;
growth of royal power in, xvi sq. ; simony
in, 9; church reform in, 34, 46, 81 sqq. ,
88 sq. ; lay investiture abolished in, 99;
alliance of Hohenstaufen with, 397;
temporary breach of alliance, 468 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
748 sqq. ; legal literature and teaching,
750 sqq. ; schools of rhetoric in, 766;
episcopal schools in, 771 sq. ; Charles the
Great and schools in, 772 sqq. ; schools
after Charles, 776 sqq. ; Kings of, see
Charles, Henry I, Louis VI, VII, IX,
Philip I, II; see also Communes
Franche Comté, see Burgundy, county of
Francis, St, of Assisi, his mission to Egypt,
325
Franciscans, the, and Aristotelianism, 822
sg.
Franconia, duchy of, 113, 118 sq. , 137, 140,
145, 339, 383; bishops of Würzburg given
ducal rights in, 118; bishop Erlung de-
prived of these rights, 160; ascendancy of
Hohenstaufen in, 336; monasticism in,
676
Frangipani, John, Urban II supported by, 91
Frangipani, Roman family, drive Gelasius II
from Rome, 105; bring back Innocent II
to Rome, 368
Frankfort, council of (794), 8; settlement of
(1142), 349 sq. ; diet at (1147), 353, 357;
348, 382, 478
Franks, laws of the, 723, 727 sq.
Frederick I, Barbarossa, Western Emperor,
Chaps. XII, XIII; duke of Swabia, 379;
his unanimous election, 380 sq. ; character
of, 382, 413; his work in Germany, xvii sq. ;
his legislative work, 382 sq. ; promulgates
a Land Peace, 383; settlement of Bavaria,
385; and Denmark, 386; disturbances in
Germany during absence of, 387 sq. ; rela-
tions with Bohemia, Poland, and Hungary,
388 sq. ; relations with Burgundy, 389 sq. ;
divorces Adelaide and marries Beatrix of
Burgundy, 390; the diet of Besançon
(1157), 390 sq. , 424 sq. ; ecclesiastical
policy of, 108, 390 sqq. ; success of his
ecclesiastical policy, 395; relations with
Byzantine Empire, 396; with France, 397;
and England, ib. ; and Louis VII, 617 sqq. ;
alliance with Philip Augustus, 409; his
support of Henry the Lion, 401; breach
with Henry, 402 sq. ; tries and condemns
Henry, 404 sq. ; the Lombard League and,
Chap. XII; relations with Eugenius III,
190, 413 sg. ; his first expedition to Italy,
191, 194, 415; sacks various Milanese
castelli, 417 sq. ; alliance with Venice,
Genoa, and Pisa, 418; conference with the
Pope's ambassadors at San Quirico, 418 sq. ;
acts as Hadrian IV's squire, 419 sq. ; his
imperial coronation, 421; conflict with the
Romans, 420 sq. ; returns to Germany, 422;
negotiations with Byzantium, 191, 193,
196, 422; estrangement from Hadrian IV,
109, 424; quarrel over beneficia, xii, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; Italian campaign (1158), 426 sqq. ;
diet of Roncaglia, xx, 117 note, 427; re-
newed dispute with Hadrian, 429 sq. ; his
attitude towards Victor IV and Alexander
III, 431 sq. ; his capture and destruction of
Milan, 434 sq. ; forms alliance with Pavia
and Genoa, 435; failure of negotiations
with Louis VII, 436; renewed difficulties
in Italy, 437 sqq. ; his third expedition to
Italy, 437 sq. ; fourth expedition to Italy,
439 sqq. ; holds diet at Lodi, 439 sq. ; be-
sieges Rome, 441; destruction of his army
by pestilence, 442; leaves Italy, ib. ; affairs
in Germany (1168), 443; failure of nego-
tiations with Alexander III, 444; fifth
expedition to Italy, 444 $99. ; and battle of
Legnano, 446 sq. ; makes treaties of Anagni
and Venice, 447 sqq. ; makes Peace of Con.
stance with Lombards, 452; holds festival
## p. 966 (#1012) ###########################################
966
Index
at Mayence, 452; and Lucius III, 408, 453,
455 sqq. ; and Urban III, 408 sq. , 457 sq. ,
475; and Gregory VIII, 409, 458 sq. ; and
Clement III, 409, 459 sq. ; and the Third
Crusade, 310, 374, 409 sqq. , 459; his
death, 310, 412; 109, 138 note, 153 sq. ,
454, 467, 477
Frederick II, Western Emperor, birth of, 457,
472; elected king, 478; his renunciation of
imperial rights at ecclesiastical elections,
109; marries Yolande, daughter of John de
Brienne, 314; becomes King of Jerusalem,
ib. ; his crusade, ib. ; weakness of his rule
in Syria, 315 sq. ; 412, 476 sq.
Frederick, archbishop of Cologne, revolts
against Henry V, 159 sqq. ; 103, 335
Frederick of Lorraine, see Stephen IX, Pope
Frederick I of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, made duke, 140; governs Germany
in Henry IV's absence, 121 note, 146; his
claims to duchy confirmed, 148; death of,
150, 154 ; 147, 153
Frederick II of Hohenstaufen, duke of
Swabia, 153 sq. ; aids Henry V, 160;
governs Germany in Henry's absence,
161; his fame as a castle builder, 164
note; named by Henry V as his successor,
165; passed over at Mayence in favour of
Lothar, 165 sq. , 334 sqq. ; breach with
Lothar, 336, 338 sq. , 361 sq. ; anathe-
matised by Innocent II, 363; forced to sub-
mit to Lothar III, 340 sq. , 366; estranged
from Conrad III, 350; death of, 351; 381,
387, 404 note
Frederick IV of Rothenburg, duke of
Swabia, younger son of Conrad III, 379,
381; made duke, 384; supports Hugh of
Tübingen against Welf VI, 388; death of,
442; 387
Frederick V, duke of Swabia, son of
Frederick Barbarossa, knighted, 407; takes
the Cross, 410; dies, 472
Frederick, duke of Upper Lorraine, father of
Beatrice of Tuscany, 23
Frederick, duke of Bohemia, 389
Frederick, count-palatine of Saxony, leads
Saxons against Albert the Bear, 348
Frederick, count of Stade, unjustly im.
prisoned by Lothar of Saxony, 157
Frederick of Bogen, advocatus of Ratisbon,
his rebellion against Henry the Proud,
339 sq. ; supports Henry Jasomirgott
against the bishop of Ratisbon, 352
Freeman, E. A. , on battle of Hastings, 501
note
Fresnay, 517
Fressenda, second wife of Tancred de
Hauteville, 170
Fréteval, Henry II and Becket reconciled at,
Fruttuaria, monastery of, 22
Fulbert, bishop of Chartres, 3; and schools,
778
Fulbert, a tanner, grandfather of William
the Conqueror, 492
Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler, his report
of Urban II's speech at Clermont, 265;
305
Fulcher of Orleans, dubious identification
of, with Volkmar, 276
Fulda, abbey, 340, 661; peace of Henry VI
with Henry the Lion at, 460
Fulford, defeat of earls Edwin and Morkere
at, 499
Fulgentius Ferrandus, his arrangement of
canons, 709
Fulgorius, Raphael, the jurist, 740
Fulham, 507
Fulk Nerra, count of Anjou, 491; founds
a nunnery at Ronceray, 671
Fulk le Rechin, count of Anjou, and
William I, 517; opposes William II,
527; his influence in Maine, 529
Fulk V, count of Anjou, King of Jerusalem,
marries daughter of Baldwin II, 305;
succeeds to throne of Jerusalem, ib. ; and
Henry I, 539 sq.
Furness, monastery, 541, 684
Gaeta, duke of, defeated by Richard of
Aversa, 173; beginnings of commune at,
216
Galen, translated by William of Moerbeke,
814
Galeria, 36; count of, see Gerard
Galilee, principality of the kingdom of
Jerusalem, 302
Galliate, castello, destroyed by Frederick I,
417
Gallipoli, 411
Gallipoli, in Apulia, 173
Galluccio, 187
Gardie, 653
Garigliano, river, Innocent II defeated on,
187
Garlande, family of, and Louis VII, 620 sq.
Garlande, Anseau of, 595, 620
Garlande, Gilbert of, 620 sq.
Garlande, Païen of, 620
Garlande, Stephen of, 620 sq.
Garlande, William of, 620
Garonne, river, 616
Gascony, communes in, 627, 634
Gaudri, bishop of Laon, and Thomas of
Marle, 595
Gautier, archdeacon of Laon, 595
Gebhard, archbishop of Salzburg, given
power to create new bishops in his diocese,
46; hostile to Henry IV, 139; death of,
145
Gebhard, bishop of Constance, papal legate
in Germany, elected bishop, 142; creates
strong papal party in South Germany,
91 sq. , 139, 143; proclaimed spiritual head
of Swabia, at assembly at Ulm, 147; sup-
563 sq.
Frisians, expedition of Henry V against,
159; join Baldwin at Tarsus, 288; colonise
Slav lands, 399; 354
Fritzlar, Henry V begins his revolt at, 149
Frosinone, 416
## p. 967 (#1013) ###########################################
Index
967
ports revolt of Henry V, 150; consecrates
bishops appointed by Henry V, 98, 100;
censured by Paschal II, 101
Gebhard, bishop of Eichstädt, see Victor II,
Pope
Gebhard, name assumed by Jaromir, bishop
of Prague, 4
Gebhard, count of Supplinburg, father of
Lothar III, 334 sq.
Gelasius I, Pope, and presentation to bene-
fices, 7 sq. ; Gelasian theory, 56 sq. , 67
Gelasius II, Pope (John of Gaeta), 105;
excommunicates Henry V, 105, 161; death
of, 105, 666; 680
Gelnhausen, diet of (1180), 404 sq. ; diet at
(1186), 409, 458
Genoa, customs confirmed by Berengar II,
213 sq. ; consuls at, 220 sqq. ; geographical
position of, 229; wars with Muslims, 226,
266 sq. ; rivalry with Pisa, 226 sq. , 311,
316 sq. , 438; rivalry with Venice, 227, 316
sq. ; aids Baldwin I, 304 sq. , 329; develop-
ment of commerce of, during crusades, 312,
328 sqq. ; supports Innocent II, 366; opposes
Frederick I, 428; allies with Alexander
III, 435, 443 sg.
; alliance of William II
of Sicily with, 199; alliance of Henry VI
with, 201, 203, 464, 470 sqq.
Genoese, at Antioch, receive charter from
Bohemond, 295 note; ships at Jaffa, 295
sqq.
Gentile, bishop of Girgenti, one of Council
of Ten in Sicily, 197
Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances, 504; his
baronies, 511; rebels against William II,
521 sq.
Geoffrey, bishop-elect of Lincoln, illegiti.
mate son of Henry II, 568, 570, 572;
resigns, 579; chancellor, ib.
Geoffrey, abbot of Vendôme, visits Urban II
at Rome, 91
Geoffrey, duke of Brittany, son of King
Henry II, revolt of, 567; his death, 572
Geoffrey Martel, count of Anjou, and
William I, 494 sq. ; death of, 495
Geoffrey Plantagenet, count of Anjou,
marries Matilda, 540, 604; makes a truce
with Stephen, 542; invited to Caen by
Robert of Gloucester, 545; conquers
Normandy, 550, 607; Louis VII and, 605;
later relations with Louis, 608 sqq. ; death
of, 551, 611
Geoffrey, count of Nantes, brother of Henry
II, 555 sq. , 610 sq.
Geoffrey, count of Montescaglioso, his
rebellion crushed by William I of Sicily,
192
Geoffrey, son of Tancred de Hauteville, 170
Geoffrey of Conversano, revolts against
Robert Guiscard, 176, 180
Geoffrey of Donzy, 615
Geoffrey of Mayenne, and William I, 495;
stirs up revolt in Maine, 517
Geoffrey of Monmouth, his fabulouschronicle,
553
George of Antioch, grand emir of Sicily, 205;
heads Roger II's expeditions to Africa, 189;
his death, 190
George Maniaces, see Maniaces, George
Gerald of Windsor, defends Pembroke, 525
Gerard, cardinal-bishop of Ostia, papal legate
in France, 46
Gerard, bishop of Florence, see Nicholas II,
Pope
Gerard, bishop of Pisa, his award to the
city, 220
Gerard, St, bishop of Toul, abbot of St Evré,
24
Gerard, Master of the Hospital of St John
at Jerusalem, 305
Gerard de Rideford, Master of the Temple,
aids Guy de Lusignan to the throne, 309
Gerard of Brogne, 2; and monastic reform
in the Netherlands, 663
Gerard, count of Galeria, helps Benedict IX,
19; elects Benedict X, 35; 39; embassy to
Henry IV on death of Nicholas II, 42
Gerard, lord of Buonalbergo, seeks aid from
Robert Guiscard, 172
Gerard of Cremona, translates Aristotle,
812 sq.
Gerba, captured by Roger II, 189
Gerberoi, battle of, 519
Gerbert of Aurillac, see Sylvester II, Pope
Géré, a Norman baron, description of his
fief, 488
Gerhard, provost of Magdeburg, 392
Gerhohof Reichersperg, on freedom of
Church, 392
Germain de Granval, St, 771
Germany, Chaps. III, X, XII, XIV; reform of
monasteries in, 2; resentment in, against
papal authority, 60 sq. ; ravaged by pesti-
lence (1093), 92; permanent papal legate
in, 88; political and social structure of,
xvii sq. , 117 sqq. ; nobles in, xviii; towns
in, xix, 119 sq. ; effect of king's minority
on, xii; alliance of kings with bishops, 59,
123 sq. ; position of Henry IV in, in 1076,
139; evil state of, 141; rise of new noble
families in, 152 sq. ; famine in, 352 sq. ;
condition of, on accession of Frederick I,
381; feuds in, during Frederick's absence,
387 sqq. ; effect of fall of Henry the Lion
in, 405; position in, on the departure of
Frederick I to the Crusade, 459 sq. ;
development of Roman and canon law in,
752 sqq. ; Kings of, see Emperors of the
West
Germigny-sur-l'Aubois, 598
Gero, bishop of Halberstadt, 403
Gerold, bishop of Oldenburg, 399
Gersindis of Maine, wife of Azo, and William
I, 517
Gerstungen, assembly at, Henry IV makes
peace with Saxons, 132, 134, 143
Gertrude, daughter of Henry the Lion, widow
of Frederick of Rothenburg, marries Canute
VI of Denmark, 387
Gertrude, daughter of Lothar III, wife of
## p. 968 (#1014) ###########################################
968
Index
Henry the Proud, 153 sq. , 337; supports
Welf cause on death of Henry, 348; her
character, 349; marries Henry Jasomir-
gott, 350; death of, 350
Gertrude of Babenberg, half-sister of Conrad
III, marries Vladislav II of Bohemia, 352
Gertrude, countess of Holland, step-sister of
Lothar III, 164, 599
Gertrude, sister of Ekbert of Meissen, 145,
153; marries Henry the Fat, 145 sq. , 152;
her other marriages, 152 note
Gervais, archbishop of Rheims, 38
Gervase of Canterbury, chronicler, on
Gregory VIII, 458; on the Justiciar, 577
Gesta Francorum, on Alexius' claim to
Antioch, 294
Gesta Tancredi, on battle of Dorylaeum,
286 note; on strength of Baldwin and
Tancred, 288 note, 289 note
Geuksun (Coxon), 286
Géza I, King of Hungary, son of Béla of
Hungary, 113; expels Salomo, King of
Hungary, 85; marriage alliance with
Magnus of Saxony, 130; struggle with
Henry IV, 133; obtains a crown from
Michael VIII, 133
Géza II, King of Hungary,defeats Henry Jaso.
mirgott, 352; relations with Frederick I,
389
Ghent, 483, 599 sq. ; monastery of St Pierre
at, 663
Gherardesca family, become Pisan citizens,
224
Ghibelline (Weibling), first use of term, 349
Gibbon, on economic effects of the Crusades,
Giovenazzo, 192
Giraldus Cambrensis, chronicler,on Henry VI,
477
Girgenti, 176 sq.
Gisela, Empress, wife of Conrad II, 17 sq. ,
24
Gisors, Calixtus II meets Henry I at, 106,
603; Henry I annexes, 601 sqq. ; recovered
by Louis VI, 607; 609; 611 sq. ; occupied
by Henry II, 614; Henry II meets his
sons at, 569
Gisulf, prince of Salerno, established at
Salerno by Normans, 173; conflict with
Richard of Aversa, ib. ; negotiates with
Roger, 174; deprived of his states by
Guiscard, 179
Glamorgan,conquered by Robert Fitz Hamon,
525, 530
Glanville, Ranulf de, 571; his treatise on
English laws, 572; as justiciar, 578; a
sheriff, 580; a judge in the north, 585
Glastonbury, monastery, 509, 685, 691;
St Dunstan at, 663, 691
Gleichen, castle, 145
Glossators, the, at Bologna, 736 sqq.
Gloucester, Robert of Caen, earl of, illegiti-
mate son of Henry I, created earl, 536;
540 sqq. ; submits to Stephen, 543; takes
up arms for Matilda in Normandy, 544 sq. ;
invades England, 545; captures Stephen,
547; captured and exchanged, 548; con-
tinues the war, 549; dies, ib. ; 498 note
Gloucester, William, earl of, 568 sq.
Gloucester, honour of, 536
Gloucester, town and castle, 524, 537 sq. ,
547, 549, 555; miracle in, 564; abbey, 690
Gloucester Hall, Oxford, 689
Gloucestershire, 503, 580
Glycys, river, Norman army winters near, 182
Godalming, 523
Godebald, bishop of Utrecht, his revolt
against Henry V, 164
Godehard, bishop of Hildesheim, 3
Godfrey the Bearded, duke of Lorraine,
marries Beatrice of Tuscany, 31; assists
Alexander II, 43 sq. ; his challenge to
imperial authority, 112; his influence in
Italy, 114; marches against Normans,
45, 116, 178; death of, 49, 125 note; 33,
35, 115, 145
Godfrey II Gibbosus, duke of Lower Lorraine,
asked by Gregory VII for aid, 59; his
loyalty to Henry IV, 125 note; husband
of Matilda, ib. ; murder of, 135
Godfrey of Bouillon, heir of Duke Godfrey
of Lower Lorraine, 135; allotted ter ry
in Lorraine by Henry IV, 143; made duke
of Lower Lorraine, 145; joins First Crusade,
147, 274, 280 sq. , 300; his relations with
Alexius, 281 sq. , 284; at Nicaea, 285; at
battle of Dorylaeum, 286 sq. ; at siege of
Antioch, 291; marches to Jerusalem, 295;
storms city and defeats Egyptians at
Ascalon, 296 sq. ; 298; elected Defender
of the Holy Sepulchre, 296, 300; dies,
327 sq.
Gien, 615
Giffard, family, fiefs of, 511, 536 sq.
Giffard, Walter, earl of Buckingham, 522 sq. ;
supports Henry I, 528
Giffard, William, chancellor, 528
Gigny, abbey, 661 sq.
Gilbert de la Porrée, bishop of Poitiers,
theological opinions of, 376; attacked by
Walter of St Victor, 804; his philosophy,
809 sq.
Gilbert of Sempringham, founds his Order,
553, 682
Gilbert, count of Brionne, 491 sq.
Gilbert, count of Gravina, revolts against
William I, 195
Gilbert le Tonnelier (the Cooper, Buatere,
Botericus), first leader of Normans in
South Italy, 169
Gilbert de Clare, see Clare, Gilbert of
Gilbert of Mons, chronicler, on relations of
Frederick I and Henry the Lion, 402; his
account of Baldwin of Hainault, 411
Gilbertines, see Sempringham, Order of
Gilds, in Italian cities, 236 sq. ; in France,
637
Giles of Lessines, and Albertus Magnus,
821
Gioacchino (Joachim), the hermit, abbot of
Flora, 688; his mysticism, 804
## p. 969 (#1015) ###########################################
Index
969
300; his part in the First Crusade, 292,
300; legend of, 303; 304
Godfrey of Brabant, made duke of Lower
Lorraine by Henry V, 151; relations with
Lothar III, 338; and Flanders, 599; death
of, 350
Godfrey the younger, duke of Lower
Lorraine, 350 sq.
Godfrey, count of Calw, made count-palatine
of the Rhine, 159; governs Germany in
Henry V's absence, 161
Godfrey, count of Namur, aids Henry IV,
151
Godfrey, sub-deacon, nominated by Guido
as his successor as archbishop of Milan,
48; condemned by Alexander II, ib. ; in-
vested by Henry IV and consecrated, 49;
ignored by Henry IV and supplanted by
Tedald, 64 sq.
Godfrey of Viterbo, chronicler, on Conrad III,
358; on Henry VI, 454
Godwin, family of, 482
Godwine of Warwick, 576
Gometz, castle of, 593, 596 sq.
Gonville Hall, Cambridge, 690
Gorze, monastery of, 2, 13, 663
Goslar, council of (1019), 16; diet at (1070),
condemns Otto of Nordheim, 129; Henry IV
at, 130; besieged by Henry the Lion, 406;
122, 135, 140, 160, 336, 346, 357 sq. , 385,
394, 401, 403, 410
Gospatric, earl of Bernicia, rebels against
William I, 503 sq.
Gottschalk, leader of a band of crusaders, 276
Gottschalk, his views on predestination,
holds synod at Rome (1075), 38, 62 sqq. ;
efforts to enforce obedience in North Italy,
63 sqq. ; plans for crusade, 63, 147, 268,
271; conflict with Henry IV begins, 64,
134; ultimatum to Henry IV, 65 sq. , 135;
imprisoned by Cencius, 66; Henry's attack
on, 66 sq. , 135; excommunicates Henry,
67, 135; his justification, 67; goes north
to preside over council at Augsburg, 69;
absolves Henry at Canossa, 69 sqq. , 136 sq. ;
returns to Rome, 71; sends legates to diet
at Forchheim, 71; his neutrality on elec-
tion of Rudolf of Swabia, 71 sq. , 140; dis-
satisfaction of both kings with, 72; legisla-
tion of (1078-9), 72 sq. ; excommunicates
and deposes Henry IV (1080), 74 sq. , 141;
effect of sentence, 75 sq. ; deposed by
council of Brixen, 76, 141; seeks aid from
Normans, 76; relations with Normans,
76 sq. , 178 sqq. , 193; alliance with Robert
Guiscard, 77, 181; Romans begin to fail
him, 78; Henry IV victorious over, 79;
rescued by Robert Guiscard, 79; death of,
at Salerno, 80; summary of his work, 80;
his extreme claims the result of opposition,
81; his relations with France, 81 sqq. ;
with England, 84 sq. , 497,516; with other
countries, 85, 133; results of his policy,
85; position of his supporters at his death,
86; Cluny and, 665; and schools, 777 sq. ;
4, 13 note, 109 sqq. , 130, 143, 151 sq. , 391
Gregory VIII, anti-Pope, see Bourdin
Gregory VIII, Pope (Albert of Morra), 409,
458 sq. ; death of, 459
Gregory IX, Pope, and Aristotle, 818; issues
his Decretals, 713 sq. , 748; and the reform
of the Benedictine Order, 686; and the
Celestines, 688; and Frederick II's crusade,
314
Gregory XI, Pope, approves Order of Corpus
Christi, 692
Gregory XII, Pope, and abbey of Santa
Giustina, 693
Gregory XIII, Pope, issues official edition of
the Corpus iuris canonici, 714, 742
Gregory Papareschi, see Innocent II, Pope
Gregory, rival of Benedict VIII, 15
Gregory, naval prefect under Otto III, 14 sq.
Grimoald, King of the Lombards, and
Lombard law, 730
Grimoald of Bari, rebels against Roger II,
186
Groby, castle, 568 sq.
Groenendael, monastery, 694
Groot, Gerhard, of Deventer, mystic, 694
Grosmont, monastery, 669
Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln, his
translations from Greek, 331, 812 sqq.
Gruffydd ap Cynan, prince of North Wales
(Gwynedd), 525
Guaimar IV, prince of Salerno, obtains aid
from Normans, 168 sq. ; death of, 169
Guaimar V, prince of Salerno, succeeds to
principality, 169; joined by Rainulf, 170;
chosen as leader by Normans, 171; de-
784 sq.
Gozzolini, Silvestro, 688
Grado, patriarch of, rights of, 18, 28
Grand Assize, see Assize of Windsor
Grande-Chartreuse, monastery of, 669 sq.
Grandmont, monastic order of, 668 sq.
Gratian, John, see Gregory VI, Pope
Gratian, canon-lawyer, his Decretum, 73,
706 sq. , 712 sqq. ; 711; teaches canon law
at Bologna, 742
Gravina, 176; concordat of, between Tancred
and Celestine III, 202, 465
Gregory I the Great, St, Pope, Gregory VII
and, 53 sq. , 72; 711
Gregory II, Pope, 711
Gregory IV, Pope, and war against Muslims,
268; 13 note
Gregory V, Pope, 22
Gregory VI, Pope (John Gratian), papacy of,
19; deposition and death of, 21; 22 sqq. ,
52, 69
Gregory VII, Pope (Hildebrand), ix sq. , xii;
Chaps. II, III; early life of, 19, 24 sq. ,
32 sqq. , 36 sqq. , 41, 49,51 sqq. , 174; elected
Pope, 51; his character and policy, 53 sqq. ;
situation of Papacy on his accession, 58 sq. ;
reconciliation with Henry IV, 59 sq. ; and
church reform, 60 sqq. ; reduces Siegfried,
archbishop of Mayence, to obedience, 60 sq. ;
relations with German episcopate, 53, 61 ;
## p. 970 (#1016) ###########################################
970
Index
Guy of Rochefort, 597, 602
Guzance, nunnery,
681
Gwynedd (North Wales), 525, 556 sq. ;
princes of, see Gruffydd, Owen
Gyrth, brother of Harold, killed at Hastings,
501
Gytha, mother of Harold, holds out against
William, 503
prived of Capua by Henry III, 172; murder
of, 173
Gualbert, St John, see John Gualbert
Guarino, bishop of Modena, and celibacy,
14
Guastalla, council of (1106), 101
Guibert of Nogent, on Thomas of Marle,
593
Guibert (anti-Pope Clement III), archbishop
of Ravenna, and the pa pal election decree,
37, 42; submits to Alexander II, 60; again
proclaims independence of his see, 64;
elected Pope at Brixen, 75 sq. , 141 sq. ;
his character, 76; enthroned as Clement
III, 79; expelled from Rome, 91; his
attitude on re-ordination, 93; and election
of Paschal II, 96; death of, 94, 96 sq. , 149;
87, 90, 143, 145, 182, 526
Guibert, chronicler, his report of Urban II's
speech at Clermont, 265
Guidi, counts, wars with Florence, 224
Guido of Crema (anti-Pope Paschal III),
elected Pope, 394 sq. , 438; canonises
Charlemagne, 439; at Viterbo, 440; at
Rome, 441; death of, 443; 397
Guido, cardinal, protects Arnold of Brescia,
372
Guido, archbishop of Milan, 28, 33, 39 sqq. ;
summoned to Rome, 42; conflict with
Pataria, 47 sq. ; resigns, but returns, 48;
death of, 48; 219
Guido, bishop of Arezzo, and simony, 26
Guido, son of the count of Biandrate,
nominated by Frederick I as archbishop
of Ravenna, 429
Guienne, communes in, 627, 650
Guifred of Cerdagne, archbishopof Narbonne,
10
Guigues du Châtel, prior of the Grande-
Chartreuse, 669 sq.
Guiscard, Robert, see Robert Guiscard
Guisnes, county of, 548; see also Vere
Gulielmus, a Pavese lawyer, 733
Guncelin of Hagen, count of Schwerin, and
the Wends, 398; aids Henry the Lion,
406
Gundisalvi, Dominic, translator and philo-
sopher, 811, 817
Gundobad, King of the Burgundians, his
Lex Gundobada, 722, 726; his Lex Romana
Burgundionum, 722
Gunther, archbishop of Cologne, 13
Guy de Lusignan, King of Jerusalem and
Cyprus, marries Sibylla, sister of Baldwin
IV, 309; his rule in Jerusalem, 310;
captured by Saladin, ib. ; besieges Acre,
ib. ; his rivalry with Conrad of Montferrat,
310 sq. ; receives Cyprus from Richard I,
311
Guy, archbishop of Rheims, 26
Guy, archbishop of Vienne, see Calixtus II,
Pope
Guy, count of Flanders, 404 note
Guy of Burgundy, and William I of
Normandy, 493
Hadrian I, Pope, his collection of canons
(Dionysio-Hadriana), 709; his (forged)
privilege to Charles the Great, 101
Hadrian IV, Pope (Nicholas Breakspear),
his accession and character, 415 sq. ; rela.
tions with Arnold of Brescia, 415 sq. ;
places Rome under interdict, 416; rela-
tions with William I of Sicily, 192 sq. ,
416 sq. ; signs treaty of Benevento with
Normans, 193; mediates between Manuel
VII and William I, 194; his alliance with
Normans against the Empire, ib. ; sends
an embassy to Frederick I, 418; meets
Frederick I, 419 sq. ; crowns Frederick,
421; his critical position in 1155, 423;
his war against William of Sicily, ib. ;
defeated and forced to make peace, 424;
his estrangement from Frederick I, ib. ;
quarrel over beneficia, xii, 109, 390 sq. ,
425 sq. ; disputes renewed, 429 sq. ; tries
to form league against Frederick, 430;
death of, 430; approves Rule of Order of
Grammont, 668; 111, 477, 805
Hadrianople, 411
Hainault, 410
Hākim, Fātimite Caliph, 252 sqq. ; his
character, 253; damages the Holy Sepul-
chre, 257
Halberstadt, seeof, dispute between Frederick
I and Henry the Lion as to, 403; captured
by Henry, 405; 344
Haldensleben, 401, 405 sq.
Halinard, archbishop of Lyons, reforms of,
10; proposed as Pope, 23
Halle, sack of, by Lothar III, 340
Halmyrus, see Almira
Halrefeld, Henry the Lion's victory at, 406
Hamāh, in Syria, 247, 249, 256, 261, 306, 315
Hamdān, Arab house of, 245 sqq. , 250 sq. ,
Hampshire, 581
Hanover, 460
Hanseatic League, alliance with Teutonic
Order, 333
Harbottle, castle, 570
Harding, Stephen, abbot of Cîteaux, 672 sqq. ,
681
Hārim, raiders from, defeated by crusaders,
290; capture of, ib. ; 247, 257
Harmenopulus, Constantinus, an Eastern
jurist, 719
Harold, King of England, his election, 481;
its justification, 482; his fear of William
of Normandy, 482 sq. ;
marries Ealdgyth,
497 ; defeats Harold Hardrada, 499; de-
feated and killed at Hastings, 500 sq.
254 sq.
## p. 971 (#1017) ###########################################
Index
971
Harold Hardrada, King of Norway, invades
England, 499; defeated and slain, ib.
Harold, brother of Canute of Schleswig,
344
Harrān, 263; Bohemond defeated at, 301
Harrow, manor of, 507
Hartwig, archbishop of Bremen, and Henry
the Lion, 356, 401, 460; deprived of regalia
by Frederick I, 393; Wendish bishoprics
and, 356, 399; death of, 401
Hartwig, archbishop of Magdeburg, at battle
of Pleichfeld, 144; relations with Henry
IV, 145
Hartwig, bishop of Ratisbon, and Frederick
I, 393
Hārūn ibn Khān, first Seljūg to gain footing
in Syria, 260
Harzburg, castle, Magnus confined in, 129;
Henry IV at, 131; destruction of, 132 sq.
Hasan, Zairid prince of Mahdiyah, and
Roger II, 189
Hasan al-'asam (Hasan al-a-sham), Qarma-
tian leader, 248
Hasan al-yāzūrī, minister of Mustanşir, 259
Hasan ibn 'Ammār, Fățimite governor in
Syria, 252
Hasan ibn Jaʼfar, sharif of Mecca, 253
Hassān, son of Mufarrij ibn Daghfal, 255
Hastings, battle of, 500 sq. ; 577
Haughley, castle, 569
Hauteville, in Normandy, 170, 493; house
of Hauteville, Chap. IV passim
Headda, schooling of, 771
Hébert, count, gives a charter to St Quentin,
626
Hélie, lord of la Flèche, in Maine, 527; re-
established as count of Maine, 529; and
Henry I, 530
Helmold, chronicler, on Henry the Lion and
the Wends, 399
Helmold of Schwerin, 460
Henfrid IV of Toron, marries Isabella, sister
of Baldwin IV, 309; refuses kingship,
310; divorced by Isabella, 311
Henry II, Western Emperor, ecclesiastical
policy of, 15 sqq. , 22; and South Italy,
168 sq. ; receives collective fealty from
Lombard towns, 214, 216; his grant to
Savona, 217
Henry III, Western Emperor, succeeds Con-
rad II, 19; ecclesiastical policy of, vii, 3, 14,
17 sqq. ; and Gregory VI, 21; his second
marriage, 21; in Italy (1054-5), 31; death
of, 31, 112; 26, 28, 32, 39 sq. ,52,59, 69, 83,
85, 109, 114, 118, 127, 152, 172, 345, 366,
394
Henry IV, Western Emperor, Chaps. II,
III; minority of, vii, xii, 31, 37, 39, 42,
44, 112 sqq. ; end of regency, 115; forced
to dismiss Adalbert, 116; personal govern-
ment begins, 116; marriage to Bertha of
Turin, ib. ; attempts to divorce her, 34,
117; his policy, 125 sq. ; his statesmanship
and character, 126; breach with Pope
Alexander II, 49, 59, 130; relations with
Poland, 130; and Saxony, xvii, 128 sqq. ;
Saxon revolt of 1073, 60, 130 sqq. ; his
reconciliation with Gregory VII, 59 sq. ,
131; and the treaty of Gerstungen, 132;
relations with Hungary, 133; defeats
Saxons on the Unstrut, 62, 64, 133 sq. ;
his harsh treatment of the Saxons, 134;
his challenge to the Pope over Milan, xii,
64 sq. , 130, 134; holds Council of Worms
(Jan. 1076), 66 sq. ; excommunicated, 67,
135 sq. ; effects of excommunication, 68,
135; and diet of Tribur, 68 sq. , 136 sq. ;
at Canossa, 69 sq. , 137; success of Henry's
plan, 71, 137; position in Germany on
coronation of Rudolf, 139; relations with
Pope, 72, 74, 139; his appointment of
dukes, 140; his diplomacy, 140 sq. ; second
excommunication of, in 1080, 74 sq. , 141;
council of Brixen deposes Gregory VII, and
sets up anti-Pope, 75, 141; expeditions to
Italy, 78, 142; captures Leonine city, 78;
captures Rome, 79; crowned Emperor by
anti-Pope, 79, 142; establishes his hold
in Germany, 143; proclaims the Peace of
God, ib. ; forced to leave Saxony again, 144;
end of Saxon revolt, ib. ; climax of his
power, 145; his second marriage, ib. ;
second campaign in Italy, 91, 146; revolt
of Conrad and Praxedis, ib. ; and First
Crusade, 147 sq. , 273; peace in Germany
(1098), 148; Henry V elected as his suc-
cessor, ib. ; Paschal II and, 97, 149; revolt
of Henry V, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ; captured and
deposed by Henry V, 150 sq. ; escapes, 151;
death of, ib. ; character of his reign, 151
sq. ; his grant to Pisa, 220 note; 109 sq. ,
154, 158, 166, 179 sq. , 182 sq. , 665
Henry V, Western Emperor, Chaps. II, III;
elected as successor to Henry IV, 148;
revolts against Henry IV, 97 sq. , 149 sqq. ;
captures and imprisons Henry IV, 150 sq. ;
character of, 154; his forced reliance on
the nobles, 155; relations with Paschal II,
86,96 sqq. ,100 sqq. ,155 sq. ; German policy
of, 156 sqq. ; marries Matilda, daughter of
Henry I, 159, 604; conflict with Adalbert
of Mayence, 104, 158 sqq. ; revolt of 1115
against, 159; second expedition to Italy,
104 sq. , 160 sq. ; excommunicated by
Gelasius II, 105 sq. , 161; relations with
Calixtus II, 106 sqq. , 161 sqq. ; and the Diet
of Würzburg (1121), 162; and the Concordat
of Worms,107 sq. , 163; results of his struggle
with Papacy, 163 sq. ; his position in Ger-
many, ib. ; relations with Lotharof Saxony,
164; relations with Bohemia, Hungary,
and Poland, 113, 165; last years and death,
165 sq. , 334; his character and policy,
166; his diplomas to Italian communes,
231; 104, 117, 121, 125 sq. , 161
Henry VI, Western Emperor, Chap. XIV;
his character, 454, 479 sq. ; crowned King
of Germany, 407; and of Italy, 408, 457;
his marriage with Constance of Sicily, 408,
453, 456 sq. ; regent in Germany during
## p. 972 (#1018) ###########################################
972
Index
absences of Frederick I, 407 sq. , 410, Henry VIII, King of England, 696
459 sq. ; his first Italian expedition, 202, Henry I, King of France, and Leo IX, 26 sq. ;
462 sqq. ; crowned Emperor, 464; fails helped by Robert I of Normandy, 490 sq. ;
to defeat Tancred, 201 sq. , 464; difficulties helps William of Normandy, 493; attacks
in Germany, 465 sqq.
