No More Learning

A Paragoge adds unto the end, 61
Yet not the sense, but measure to amend.
EXAMPLES.
57. The very Stones of the Street speak your Wicked-
ness. The Mountains clap their Hands, and the Hills
sing for Joy. 58. Thus he possessed the gold by Vio-
lence. Oh ! cursed Thirst of Gold, what wickedness
dost thou not influence men's minds to perpetrate ? 59.
'Yclad in Armour, for clad ; begirt for girt with a Sword.
59. Till for until. 60. Ne'er for never; o'er for over; --
Blackamoor for Blackmoor. 61. Tho' for though ; --
Chicken for Chick.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
57. Feigning a Person -- Personification. 58. An Ad-
dress, or turning away from the principal Subject. 59.
Adding to. 59. Taking from. 60. Cutting out; -- Interpo-
sition. 61. A cutting off; -- Producing, or making longer.
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? 133 ARS RHETORICA.
Metathesis sedem commutat Literularum. 62
Literulam Antithesis ipsam mutare paratur. 63
Syntaxeos in Excessu. ?
Vocibus exsuperat Pleonasmus & emphasin auget. 64
Conjunctura frequens vocum Polysyndeton esto. 65
Membrum interjecto sermone Parenthesis auget. 66
Syllabicum adjectum sit vocis fine Parolee. 67
In Defectu.
Dicitur Elleipsis si ad sensum dictio desit. 68
Unius verbi ad diversa reductio Zeugma. 69
EXEMPLA.
62. Thymbre, pro Thymber. 63. OUi, pro illi ; vol-
gus, pro valgus. 64. Audivi auribus : vidi oculis. 65.
Fataque fortunasque virum, moresque, manusque. 66.
Credo equidem (nee vana fides) genus esse Deorum. 67.
Numnam, pro num : adesdum, pro ades. 68. Non est
solvendo, supple aptus ; Dicunt, supple, illi. 69. Nee
folium, nee arundo agitatur vento, (i. e. nee folium agita-
tur, nee arundo agitatur vento. )
DERIVATIONES.
62. a fiera, trans, & lidr^i pono. 63. ab a>>"ri, contra,
& ildrjtu, pono. 64. a nXeor&roj, redundo. 65. a nolv,
multum, & owdiu), colligo. 66. a nuQevildfj/u^ interjicio.
67. a nuoekxu), protraho. 68. ab tlUlno}, praetermitto.
69. a ZevyvviM) jungo.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 139
Metathesis a letter's place doth change, 62
So that the word appear not new or strange.
Antithesis doth change the very letter ; 63
A vowel for vowel as authors think it better.
Figures of Excess in Syntax.
A Pleonasmus hath more words than needs, 64
And, to augment the emphasis, exceeds.
In Polysyndeton conjunctions flow, 65
And ev'ry word its cop'lative must show.
Parenthesis is independent sense, 66
Clos'd in a sentence () by this double fence.
Parolee particles to words apply, 67
Yet add no more to what they signify.
Figures of Defect in Syntax.
Elleipsis drops a word to shorten speech, 68
And oft a sentence too t' omit doth teach.
Zeugma repeats the verb as often o'er 69
As construing words come after as before.
EXAMPLES.
62. Cruds for Curds. 63. Tye for tie ; furnisht for
furnished ; exprest for expressed. 64. With my ears I
heard it ; I saw it with mine Eyes. 65. Fear and Joy
and Hatred and Love seized the Mind by Turns. 66. I
believe indeed (nor is my Faith vain) that he is the Off-
spring of the Gods. 67. He evermore for ever feeds.
68. True, for it is true. 69. Nor Leaf nor Reed is stir-
red by the Wind, (i. e. nor Leaf is stirred nor Reed is
stirred by the Wind. )
TERMS ENGLISHED.
62. Transposition. 63. Opposition. 64. Superfluity.
65. Many Copulatives. 66. Interposition of Words* 67.
Prolonging* 68w An Omission* 6& A Joining.
19*
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? 140 ARS RHETORICA.
Personam, genus, et nuraerum conceptio triplex
Accipil indignum, Syllepsis sub mage digno. 70
Dlahjton, toliit juncturam & Asyndeton aeque. 71
In Contextu.
Est vocum inter se turbatus Hyperbaton ordo. 72
Quod meruit primum vult Hysteron esse secundum. 73
Casu transposito submutat Hypallage verba. 74
Hellenismus erit phrasis aut constructio Grseca. 75
Voce interposita per Tmesin verbula scindas. 76
Jungit Hyphen voces, nectitque ligamine in unam. 77
EXEMPLA.
70. Ego, tu, & frater, (i. e. nos) legimus, &c. 71.
Rex, miles, plebs, negat illud. 72. Vina, bonus quae
deinde cadis onerarat Acestes littore Trinacrio, dederat-
que abeuntibus, heros dividit. 73. Nutritpeperitque. 74.
Necdum illis labra admovi, pro necdum ilia iabris admovi.
75. Desine clamorum. 76. Quae mihi cunque plzcent, pro
quaecunque mihi placent. 77. Semper-virentis Hymetti.
DERIVATIONES.
70. a avXlnufi&va), comprebendo. 71. a diaXvco, dis-
solvo ; -- ab a, non, & awdiai, connecto. 72. ab iuFgdulvio,
transgredior. 73. ab v^eoo^, posterius. 74. ab ti/id, sub,
& <xlh'nTtx^ muto. 75. ab kllrjii^M, Graee& loquor. 76. a
liuvu). vel T,u<ioj, seco, scindo. 77. ab *V, sub, & t>> t unum.
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? ART OF RHETORIC.
141
Syllepsis, in more worthy, comprehends 70
The less ; and former's preference defends.
Asyndeton, or, (which the same implies,) 71
Dialyton, the cop'lative denies.
In the Context.
Hyperbaton makes words and sense to run 72
In order that's disturb'd ; such rather shun.
Hysteron doth misplace both words and sense, 73
And maketh last, what's first by just pretence.
Hypallages from case to case transpose ; 74
A liberty that's never us'd in prose.
'Tis Hellenismus when we speak or write 75
In the like style and phrase the Greeks indite.
By Tmesis words divided oft are seen, 76
And others 'twixt the parts do intervene.
Hyphen does words to one another tie, 77
With such a dash as this (-) to know it by.
EXAMPLES.
70. I and my Brother, (i. e. we) go out to play. 71.
Faith, Justice, Truth, Religion, Mercy dies. 72. Wealth,
which the old Man had rak'd and scrap'd together, now
the boy doth game and drink away ; (for now the boy
doth game and drink away Wealth, which the old Man
had rak'd and scrap'd together. ) 73. He was bred and
bom, for born and bred at London. 74. Cups, to which
I never mov'd my Lips, for Cups which I never mov'd
to my Lips. 75. I kept him from to die, (i. e. from
Death. ) 76. What crime soever, for whatsoever crime.
77. Purple-coloured.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
70. Comprehension. 71. Disjoined, or without a
Copulative. 72. A passing over. 73. Placing after.
74. A Changing. 75. A Grcecism, or Greek Phrase,
76. Dividing. 77. Uniting.
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? 142 ARS RHETORICA.
Personam, numerum, commutat Enallage, tempus 78
Cumque modo, genus et pariter. Sic saepe videbis.
Antimeria solet vice partis ponere partem. 79
Digna praeire solet postponere Anastrophe verba. 80
*Tertia personae alterius quandoque reperta est. 81
Synthesis est sensu, tantum non congrua voce. 82
Et casu substantival apponuntur eodem. 83
Antiptosis amat pro casu ponere casum. 84
PROSODIJE.
M necat Ecthlipsis ; sea vocalem Synalcepha. 85
EXEMPLA.
78. Ni facia t, pro faceret, &c. 79. Sole recente, pro
recenter orto. 80. Italiam contra, pro contra Italiam.
81. *Evocatio. Populus superamur ab illo : ego praecep-
tor doceo. 82. Turba ruunt ; pars maxima caesi. 83.
'\Appositio. Mons Taurus, Urbs Athence. 84. Urbem,
(pro urbs,) quam statuo, vestra est. 85. Si vit' inspicias,
pro si vitam inspicias : Si vis anim' esse beatus, pro si
vis animo esse beatus ; viv' hodie, pro vive hodie.
DERIVATIONES.
78. ab ivalXdtTTw, permuto. 79. ab dvrt, pro, & /^oc,
pars. 80. ab tivazQiqaa, retro verto. 81. ab evoco. 82.
a ovvildrjui, compono. 83. a. nQoqtdijfii, appono. 84. ab
dvre, pro, & muoig, casus. 85. ab ? r. dXi'3u), elido ; -- a
ovvatttcpai, conglutino,
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 143
Enallages change person, number, tense, 78
Gender and mood, on any slight pretence.
By Antimeria for one part of speech 79
Another's put, which equal sense doth teach.
Anastrophe makes words that first should go SO
The last in place ; verse oft will have it so.
By Evocation we the third recall 81
In first or second person's place to fall.
A Synt/iesis not words but sense respects ; 82
For whose sake oft it strictest rules rejects.
By Apposition substantives agree 83
In case ; yet numbers different may be.
By Antiptosis you may freely place 84
One, if as proper, for another case.
Figures of Prosody.
Ecthlipsis M in th' end hath useless fix'd, 85
When vowel or H begins the word that's next.
EXAMPLES.
78. Alexander fights, for Alexander fought, &c. 79.
He is new, for newly come Home. 80. He travell'd
England through, for through England. 81. We the
people are subject. 82. The Multitude rushes, or rush
upon me. 83. Mount Taurus. The City Athens. 84.
The City which I mean is yours, for the City is yours,
which I mean. 85. Peculiar to the Latins ; as, si vit'
inspicias,/or si vitam inspicias.
TERMS ENGLISHED.
78. A Change of Order. 79. One part for another.
80. Inventing. 81. Calling forth. 82. A Composition.
83. Nouns put in the same Case. 84. A Case put for a
case. 85. A Striking out.
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? 144 ARS RHETORICA.
Systole ducta rapit : correpta Diastole ducit. 86
Syllaba de binis confecta Synceresis esto. 87
Dividit in binas partita Dicer esis unam. 88
EXEMPLA.
86. Steterunt, pro steterunt ; naufragia, pro naufragia.
87. Alveo -- dissyllabum, pro Alveo -- trissyllabo. 88.
Evoluisset, pro Evolvisset.
DERIVATIONES.
86. a auge'Uw, contraho ; -- a diaqikXa, produce 87.
& owelqh), contraho. 88. a diatqita, divido.
FINIS.
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? ART OF RHETORIC. 145
By SynalcBpha final vowels give way, 85
That those in front of following words may stay.
A Systole long syllables make short : 86
The cramp'd and puzzled poet's last resort.
Diastole short syllables prolongs, 86
But this, to right the verse the accent wrongs.
Synceresis, whenever it indites, 87
Still into one, two syllables unites.
Diceresis one into two divides ; 88
By which the smoother measure gently glides.
EXAMPLES.
85. Si vis anim' esse beatus, for si vis animo esse
beatus. 86. S tete runt for steterunt.