Hereupon
the god showed him-
self to them in his own majesty: vines began to
twine around the vessel, tigers appeared, and the
sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea
and perished.
self to them in his own majesty: vines began to
twine around the vessel, tigers appeared, and the
sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea
and perished.
Charles - 1867 - Classical Dictionary
t )
ACACUS ("AicaKof), a son of Lycaon and king of
Acacesium in Acadia, of which he was believed to
be the founder. (Paut. , 8, 3, l. --JStcph. Byz. , s. v.
'Axaisf/aiov. )
ACARNAN ('Axapvuv), one of the Epigones, was
a son of Alcmaeon and Calirrhoe, and brother of
Amphoterus. Their father was murdered by Phe-
geus when they were yet very young, and Calirrhoi!
prayed to Zeus to make her sons grow quickly, that
they might be able to avenge the death of their fa-
ther The prayer was granted, and Acarnan, with his
brother, slew Phegeus, his wife, and his two sons.
The inhabitants of Psophis, where the sons had been
slain, pursued the murderers as far as Tegea, where,
however, they were received and rescued. At the
request of Achelous, they carried the necklace and
peplus of Harmonia to Delphi, and from thence they
went to Epirus, where Acarnan founded the state
called after him Acarnania. (ApoUod. , 3, 7, $ 5-7.
--O>>. , Met. , 9, 413, &. C. --Thucyd. , 2, 103. --Strpb. ,
10, p. 462. )
Accioi, I. or ATTIUS, L. , an early Roman tragic
ix>et and the son of a freedman, was born, according
to Jerome, B. C. 170, and was fifty years younger
than Pacuvius. He lived to a great -Hge; Cicero,
when a wung man, frequently convcised with him.
? ? (ftrnt. , 28. ) His tragedies -veie chiefly imitated
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1411
which characterizes him as the god of the healing
art, or, in general, as the averter of evil, like 'Axeoiof.
lEurip. , Androm. , 901. )--III. surnamed Sacas (Zti-
/cof), on account of his foreign origin, was a tragic-
poet at Athens, and a contemporary of Aristophanes.
He seems to have been either of Thracian or Mys-
lau origin. (Aristoph. , Aiics, 31. --Scliol. , ad lor. . --
Vapa, Vtl6. --Schol. ,ad he. --Phot, arid Suid. , a. v.
2-ixaf. --Wckker, Die Griech. Trugud, p. 1032. )
ACH^EOS ('A^atof), V. son of Andromachus,
wnose sister Laodice married Seleucus Callinicus,
Ihe father of Antiochus the Great. Achseus him-
Belf married Laodice, the daughter of Mithradates,
king of Pontus. (Polyt. , 4, 51, H i 8, 22, I) 11. )
He accompanied Seleucus Ceraunus, the son of
Callinicus, in his expedition across Mount Taurus
against Attains, and after the assassination of Se-
leucus, avenged his death; and though he might
easily have assumed the royal power, he remained
faithful to the family of Seleucus. Antiochus the
Great, the successor of Seleucus, appointed him to
the command of all Asia on this side of Mount Tau-
rus, B. C. 223. Achfcus recovered for the Syrian
empire all the districts which Attalus had gained;
but having been falsely accused by Hermeias, the
minister of Antiochus, of intending to revolt, he did
so in self-defence, assumed the title of king, and
ruled over the whole of Asia on this side of the
Taurus. As long as Antiochus was engaged in the
war with Ptolemy, he could not march against
Achaeus; but after a peace had been concluded
with Ptolemy, he crossed the Taurus, united his
forces with Attalus, deprived Achaeus in one cam-
paign of all his dominions, and took Sard is, with the
exception of the citadel. Achaeus, after sustaining
a siege of two years in the citadel, at last fell into
the hands of Antiochus, B. C. 314, through the treach-
ery of Bol is, who had been employed by Sosibius,
the minister of Ptolemy, to deliver him from his
danger, but betrayed him to Antiochus, who ordered
feini to be put to death immediately. (Polyb. , 4, 2,
Y 6; 4, 48; 5, 40, $ 7, 42, 57; 7, 15-18; 8, 17-
93. )
ACHILLAS ('A^i/Uuf), III. one of the guardians of
the Egyptian king Ptctemy Dionysus, and command-
er of the trcops y'-. en Pompey fled to Egypt, B. C.
48. He is called by Caesar a man of extraordinary
daring, and it was he and L. Septimius who killed
Pompey. (Con. , B. C. , 3, 104. --Lie. , Epit. , 104. --
Dion Cass. , 42, 4. ) He subsequently joined the
eunuch Pothinus in resisting Caesar, and having had
the command of the whole army intrusted to him
by Pothinus, he marched against Alexandrea with
20,000 foot and 2000 horse. Caesar, who was at
Alexandrea, had not sufficient forces to oppose him,
and sent ambassadors to treat with him, but these
Achillas murdered to remove all hopes of. reconcil-
iation. He4hen marched into Alexandrea, and ob-
tained possession of the greatest part of the city.
Meanwhile, however, ArsinoB, the younger sister of
Ptolemy, escaped from Caesar and joined Achillas;
but dissensions breaking out between them, she had
Achillas put to death by Ganymedes, a eunuch, B. C.
47, to whom she then intrusted the command of
the forces. (Cas. , B. C. , 3, 108-112; B. Alex. , 4.
-Kon Cass. , 42, 36-40. --Lucan. , 10, 519-523. )
ACHLYS CA^Wc), according to some ancient cos-
? ? mogonies, the eternal night, and the first created
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? 1413
SUPPLEMENT.
the Ibftc year he defeated the Celtiberi, and had it
not beer, for the arrival of his successor, would have
reduced the whole people to subjection. Ke applied
for a triumph in consequence, but obtained only an
ovation. (Lh. , 38, 35; 39, 21, 29. ) In B. C. 183,
be was one of the ambassadors sent into Gallia
/Transalpina, and was also appointed one of the
? triumvirs for founding the Latin colony of Aqui-
teia, which was, however, not founded till B. C. 181.
(Liu. , 39, 54, 55; 40, 34. ) He was consul B. C.
? . 79 (Lit. , 40, 43), with his own brother, Q. Fulvius
Flaccus, which is the only instance of two brothers
holding the consulship at the same time. (Fait.
Capitol. --Veil. Pat. , 2, 8. ) At the election of Acid-
inus, M. Scipio declared him to be virum bonum,
egregiumqve chem. (Cic. , De Or. , 2, 64. )--III. L.
MANLICS, who was quiestor in B. C. 168 (lav. , 45,
i3\ is probably one of the two Manlii Acidini, who
are mentioned two years before as illustrious youths,
and of whom one was the son of M. Manlius, the
other of L. Manlius. (Lit. , 42, 49. ) The latter is
probably the same as the quaestor, and the son of No.
II. --IV. A young man who was going to pursue his
. -i mlics at Athens at the same time as young Cicero,
B. C. 45. (Cic. ad Alt. , 12,32. ) He is, perhaps, the
same Acidinus who sent intelligence to Cicero re-
specting the death of Marcellus. (Cic. ad Fam. , 4,
12. )
ACINDYNCS, GREGOKIDS (Tpifyoptof 'A/ttviSuvoj-), a
Greek monk, A. D. 1341, distinguished in the con-
troversy with the Hesychast or Quietist monks of
Mount Athos. He supported and succeeded Bar-
laam in his opposition to their notion that the light
which appeared on the Mount of the Transfiguration
was uncreated. The emperor, John Cantacuzenus,
took part (A. D. 1347) with Palamas, the leader of
the Quietists, and obtained the condemnation of
Acindynus by several councils at Constantinople, at
one especially in A. D. 1351. Remains of Acindy-
nus are, De Essentia et Operations DEI adversus im-
peritiam Gregorii Palama, <}? <:. , in "Variorum Pon-
Sificum ad Petrum Gnapheum Eutychianum Epis-
lol. ," p. 77, Gretser. , 4to, Ingolst. , 1616, and Car-
nun lambicum at Harcsibus Palamae, "Graecia; Or-
thodoxae Scriptores," by Leo. Allatius, p. 755, vol. 1,
4to, Rom. , 1652.
ACOETES ('Axomzf), according to Ovid (Met. , 3,
582, &c. ), the son of a poor fisherman In Maeonia,
who served as pilot in a ship. After landing at the
island of Naxos, some of the sailors brought with
them on board a beautiful sleeping boy, whom they
had found in the island, and whom they wished to
take with them; but Accetes, who recognised in the
boy the god Bacchus, dissuaded them from it, but
in vain. When the ship had reached the open sea,
the boy awoke, and desired to be carried back to
Naxos. The sailors promised to do so, but did not
keep their word.
Hereupon the god showed him-
self to them in his own majesty: vines began to
twine around the vessel, tigers appeared, and the
sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea
and perished. Acoetes alone was saved and con-
veyed back to Naxos, where he was initiated in
the Bacchic mysteries, and became a priest of the
god. Hyginus (Fab. , 134), whose story, on the
whole, agrees with that of Ovid, and all the other
writers abo mention this adventure of Bacchus,
? ? call the^rew of the ship Tyrrhenian pirates, and
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? SUPPLEMENT.
irnople uy Inc Latins in 1204, down to the year
1261, when Michael Palreologus delivered the city
from the foreign yoke. The Mb", of this work was
found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus at
Constantinople, and afterward brought to Europe.
(Fatrinus, Bibl. Grose. , vol. 7, p. 768. ) The first
edition of this work, with a Latin translation and
notes, was published by Theodoras Douza, Lugd.
Batar. , 1614, 8vo; but a more critical one by Leo
AiluMiis, who used a Vatican MS. , and divided the
lext into chapters. It has the title Feapyiav TOV
Georgii Acropolita, magni Logotheta, Historia, &c. ,
Paris, 1651, fol. This edition is reprinted in the
"Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum," Venice, 1729,
vol. 12. This chronicle contains one of the most
remarkable periods of Byzantine history, but it is
so short that it seems to be only an abridgment of
another work of the same author, which is lost.
Acropolita perhaps composed it with the view of
giving it as a compendium to those young men
whose scientific education he superintended, after
his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria. The
history of Michael Palceologus by Pachymeres may
be considered as a continuation of the work of Acro-
polita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote several
orations, which he delivered in his capacity as great
logotheta, and as director of the negotiations with
the pope; but these orations have not been publish-
ed. Fabricius (vol. 7, p. 471) speaks of a MS. which
has the title Ilepl TUV oiro tcriaeuf Koa/iov ITUV xat
nepi TUV (JaadevaavTuv /texP1 aAuaeuf Kovaravri-
mvxti'/. tuf. Georgius, or Gregorius Cypnus, who
has written a short encomium of Acropolita, calls
him the Plato and the Aristotle of his time. This
"encomium" is printed, with a Latin translation, at
the head of the edition of Acropolita by Th. Douza:
it contains useful information concerning Acropolita,
although it is full of adulation. Farther information
is contained in Acropolita's history, especially in the
latter part of it, and in Pachymeres, 4, 28; 6, 26, 34,
eeq.
ACTORIUS NASO, M. , seems to- have written a life
of Julius Caesar, or a history of his times, which
is quoted by Suetonius (Jul. , 9, 52). The time at
which he lived is uncertain, but from the way in
which he is referred to by Suetonius, he would al-
most seem to have been a contemporary of Caesar.
ACTUARIUS ('\KTovaptoc. ), the surname by which
an ancient Greek physician, whose real name was
Joannes, is commonly known. His father's name
was Zacharias; he himself practised at Constan-
inople, and, as it appears, with some degree of
credit, as he was honoured with the title of Aclu-
caiut, a dignity frequently conferred at that court
upon physicians. (Diet, of Ant. , p. 631, b. ) Very
little is known of the events of his life, and his date
is rather uncertain, as some persons reckon him to
have lived in the eleventh century, and others bring
him down as low as the beginning of the fourteenth.
He probably lived towards the end of the thirteenth
century, as one of his works is dedicated to his tu-
tor, Joseph Racendytes, who lived in the reign of
Andronicus II. Pateologus, A. D. 1381-1328. One
of his schoolfellows is supposed to have been Apo-
cauchus, whom he describes (though without na-
ming him) as going upon an embassy to the north.
fDe Meth. Med. , Prasf. in 1, 2, p. 139, 169. )
One of his works is entitled Ilepi 'Evepyeiuv xal
? ? Tladav TOV ifvxlicov Hvev/MTOf, Kai riff HUT" avTO
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? 1414
SUPPLEMENT.
not to have ;>een a regular family-name of the Furia
gens, but only a surname given to this person, ol
which a similar example occurs in the following
article.
C. ACULKO, a Roman knight, who married the
sister of Helvia, the mother of Cicero. He was
surpassed by no one in his day in his knowledge 01
Hhe Roman law, and possessed great acuteness of
mind, but was not distinguished for other attain
mcnts. He was a friend of L. L'icinius Crassus
and was defended by him upon one occasion. Th<
ton of Aculeo was C. Visellius Varro; whence it
would appear that Aculeo was only a surname given
to the father from his acuteness, and that his full
name was C. . Visellius Varro Aculeo. (Cic. , De Or. .
1,43; 2, 1, 65; Brut. , 76. )
ACUMENIIS ('Ajtmy/evof), a physician of Athens,
who lived in the fifth century before Christ, and is
mentioned as the friend and companion of Socrates.
(Plat. , Pkadr. , mil. --Xen. , Mentor. , 3,13, $ 2. ) He
was the father of Eryximachus, who was also a
physician, and who is introduced as one of the
speakers in Plato's Symposium. (Plat. , Protag. ,
p. 315, c. ; Syrnp. , p. 176, c. ) He is also mentioned
in the collection of letters first published by Leo
AUatius, Paris, 1637, 4to, with the title EpisL. So-
cratis et Socraticorum, and again by Orellitis, Lips. ,
1816, 8vo, ep. 14, p. 31.
AD. SUS or ADD^EUS ("AcSofof or 'AJJoiof), a Greek
epigrammatic poet, a native, most probably, of Ma-
cedonia. The epithet Manciovoc. is appended to
his name before the third epigram in the Vat. MS.
(Anth. Gr. , 6, 228); and the subjects of the second,
eighth, ninth, and tenth epigrams agree with this
account of his origin. He lived in the time of Alex-
ander the Great, to whose death he alludes. (Anth.
Gr. , 7, 240. ) The fifth epigram (Anth. Gr. , 7, 305)
is inscribed 'A&tat'ov MirvXifvai'ov, and there was a
Mitylensean of this name, who wrote two prose
works, Hept 'Ayatyaroirotuv, and Ilcpl btadcoeuc. .
(Aihen. , 13, p. 606, A; 11, p. 471, F. j The time
when he lived cannot be fixed with certainty.
Keiske, though on insufficient grounds, believes
these two to be the same person. (Anth. Grccc. ,
6, 228, 258; 7, 51, 238, 240, 305; 10, 20. --Brunei,
Anal. , 2, p. 224. --Jacobs, 13, p. 831. )
ADAMANTIUS ('Aia/jdvTtof), an ancient physician,
hearing the title of lalrosophisla (iorpucuv %>yuv
oojiaTrif ? Socrates, Hist. Eccles. , 7, 13), for the
meaning of which see Diet, of Ant. , p. 628. Little
is known of his personal history, except that he
was by birth a Jew, and that he was one of those
who fled from Alexandrea at the time of the expul-
sion of the Jews from that city by the Patriarch St.
Cyril, A. D. 415. He went to Constantinople, was
persuaded to embrace Christianity, apparently by
Atticus, the patriarch of that city, and then return-
ed to Alexandrea. (Socrates, I. c. ) He is the au-
thor of a Greek treatise on physiognomy, fyvaioyvu-
uovixd, in two books, which is still extant, and
which is borrowed, in a great measure (as he him-
self confesses, 1, Proasm. , p. 314, ed. Franz. ), from
Polemo's work on the same subject. It is dedi-
cated to Constantius, who is supposed by Fabricius
(Biblixh. Grccca, vol. 1, p. 171; 13, 34, ed. vet. ) to
ne the person who married Placidia, the daughter
of Theodosius the Great, and who reigned for seven
? ? months in conjunction with the Emperor Honorius.
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? S U P P I ? M E N T.
tne oooks upon the work of Theophrastus, entitled
Urpi 'H06v, to which he added a sixth book upon the
\icomachian Ethics of Aristotle. (Alhen. , 15, p.
673. e, with Schweighauser's note. )
ADRANCS CA<Jpaviif), a Sicilian divinity who was
worshipped In all the island, but especially at Adra-
nus, a town near Mount jEtna. (Flat. , Timol, 12.
--Diodor. , 14, 37. ) Hesychius (t. v. HaitKoi) rep-
resents the god as the father of the Palici. Accord-
ing to jElian (Hist. Anim. , 11, 20), about 1000 sa-
cred d. Jgs were kept near his temple. Some modern
critics consider this divinity to be of Eastern origin,
and connect the name Adranus with the Persian
Adar (fire,) and regard him as the same as the
Phoenician Adramelech, and as a personification of
? the sun, or of fire in general. (Bochart, Geograpk.
Sacra, p. 530. )
ADRASTUS ('ASaaaro;), I. a son of Talaus, king o!
Argos, and of Lysimache. (Apollod. , 1, 9, ? 13. )
Pausanias (2, 6, <j 3) calls his mother Lysianassa,
and Hyginus (Fab. , 69) Eurynome. (Comp. Schol.
ACACUS ("AicaKof), a son of Lycaon and king of
Acacesium in Acadia, of which he was believed to
be the founder. (Paut. , 8, 3, l. --JStcph. Byz. , s. v.
'Axaisf/aiov. )
ACARNAN ('Axapvuv), one of the Epigones, was
a son of Alcmaeon and Calirrhoe, and brother of
Amphoterus. Their father was murdered by Phe-
geus when they were yet very young, and Calirrhoi!
prayed to Zeus to make her sons grow quickly, that
they might be able to avenge the death of their fa-
ther The prayer was granted, and Acarnan, with his
brother, slew Phegeus, his wife, and his two sons.
The inhabitants of Psophis, where the sons had been
slain, pursued the murderers as far as Tegea, where,
however, they were received and rescued. At the
request of Achelous, they carried the necklace and
peplus of Harmonia to Delphi, and from thence they
went to Epirus, where Acarnan founded the state
called after him Acarnania. (ApoUod. , 3, 7, $ 5-7.
--O>>. , Met. , 9, 413, &. C. --Thucyd. , 2, 103. --Strpb. ,
10, p. 462. )
Accioi, I. or ATTIUS, L. , an early Roman tragic
ix>et and the son of a freedman, was born, according
to Jerome, B. C. 170, and was fifty years younger
than Pacuvius. He lived to a great -Hge; Cicero,
when a wung man, frequently convcised with him.
? ? (ftrnt. , 28. ) His tragedies -veie chiefly imitated
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? SUPPLEMENT.
1411
which characterizes him as the god of the healing
art, or, in general, as the averter of evil, like 'Axeoiof.
lEurip. , Androm. , 901. )--III. surnamed Sacas (Zti-
/cof), on account of his foreign origin, was a tragic-
poet at Athens, and a contemporary of Aristophanes.
He seems to have been either of Thracian or Mys-
lau origin. (Aristoph. , Aiics, 31. --Scliol. , ad lor. . --
Vapa, Vtl6. --Schol. ,ad he. --Phot, arid Suid. , a. v.
2-ixaf. --Wckker, Die Griech. Trugud, p. 1032. )
ACH^EOS ('A^atof), V. son of Andromachus,
wnose sister Laodice married Seleucus Callinicus,
Ihe father of Antiochus the Great. Achseus him-
Belf married Laodice, the daughter of Mithradates,
king of Pontus. (Polyt. , 4, 51, H i 8, 22, I) 11. )
He accompanied Seleucus Ceraunus, the son of
Callinicus, in his expedition across Mount Taurus
against Attains, and after the assassination of Se-
leucus, avenged his death; and though he might
easily have assumed the royal power, he remained
faithful to the family of Seleucus. Antiochus the
Great, the successor of Seleucus, appointed him to
the command of all Asia on this side of Mount Tau-
rus, B. C. 223. Achfcus recovered for the Syrian
empire all the districts which Attalus had gained;
but having been falsely accused by Hermeias, the
minister of Antiochus, of intending to revolt, he did
so in self-defence, assumed the title of king, and
ruled over the whole of Asia on this side of the
Taurus. As long as Antiochus was engaged in the
war with Ptolemy, he could not march against
Achaeus; but after a peace had been concluded
with Ptolemy, he crossed the Taurus, united his
forces with Attalus, deprived Achaeus in one cam-
paign of all his dominions, and took Sard is, with the
exception of the citadel. Achaeus, after sustaining
a siege of two years in the citadel, at last fell into
the hands of Antiochus, B. C. 314, through the treach-
ery of Bol is, who had been employed by Sosibius,
the minister of Ptolemy, to deliver him from his
danger, but betrayed him to Antiochus, who ordered
feini to be put to death immediately. (Polyb. , 4, 2,
Y 6; 4, 48; 5, 40, $ 7, 42, 57; 7, 15-18; 8, 17-
93. )
ACHILLAS ('A^i/Uuf), III. one of the guardians of
the Egyptian king Ptctemy Dionysus, and command-
er of the trcops y'-. en Pompey fled to Egypt, B. C.
48. He is called by Caesar a man of extraordinary
daring, and it was he and L. Septimius who killed
Pompey. (Con. , B. C. , 3, 104. --Lie. , Epit. , 104. --
Dion Cass. , 42, 4. ) He subsequently joined the
eunuch Pothinus in resisting Caesar, and having had
the command of the whole army intrusted to him
by Pothinus, he marched against Alexandrea with
20,000 foot and 2000 horse. Caesar, who was at
Alexandrea, had not sufficient forces to oppose him,
and sent ambassadors to treat with him, but these
Achillas murdered to remove all hopes of. reconcil-
iation. He4hen marched into Alexandrea, and ob-
tained possession of the greatest part of the city.
Meanwhile, however, ArsinoB, the younger sister of
Ptolemy, escaped from Caesar and joined Achillas;
but dissensions breaking out between them, she had
Achillas put to death by Ganymedes, a eunuch, B. C.
47, to whom she then intrusted the command of
the forces. (Cas. , B. C. , 3, 108-112; B. Alex. , 4.
-Kon Cass. , 42, 36-40. --Lucan. , 10, 519-523. )
ACHLYS CA^Wc), according to some ancient cos-
? ? mogonies, the eternal night, and the first created
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? 1413
SUPPLEMENT.
the Ibftc year he defeated the Celtiberi, and had it
not beer, for the arrival of his successor, would have
reduced the whole people to subjection. Ke applied
for a triumph in consequence, but obtained only an
ovation. (Lh. , 38, 35; 39, 21, 29. ) In B. C. 183,
be was one of the ambassadors sent into Gallia
/Transalpina, and was also appointed one of the
? triumvirs for founding the Latin colony of Aqui-
teia, which was, however, not founded till B. C. 181.
(Liu. , 39, 54, 55; 40, 34. ) He was consul B. C.
? . 79 (Lit. , 40, 43), with his own brother, Q. Fulvius
Flaccus, which is the only instance of two brothers
holding the consulship at the same time. (Fait.
Capitol. --Veil. Pat. , 2, 8. ) At the election of Acid-
inus, M. Scipio declared him to be virum bonum,
egregiumqve chem. (Cic. , De Or. , 2, 64. )--III. L.
MANLICS, who was quiestor in B. C. 168 (lav. , 45,
i3\ is probably one of the two Manlii Acidini, who
are mentioned two years before as illustrious youths,
and of whom one was the son of M. Manlius, the
other of L. Manlius. (Lit. , 42, 49. ) The latter is
probably the same as the quaestor, and the son of No.
II. --IV. A young man who was going to pursue his
. -i mlics at Athens at the same time as young Cicero,
B. C. 45. (Cic. ad Alt. , 12,32. ) He is, perhaps, the
same Acidinus who sent intelligence to Cicero re-
specting the death of Marcellus. (Cic. ad Fam. , 4,
12. )
ACINDYNCS, GREGOKIDS (Tpifyoptof 'A/ttviSuvoj-), a
Greek monk, A. D. 1341, distinguished in the con-
troversy with the Hesychast or Quietist monks of
Mount Athos. He supported and succeeded Bar-
laam in his opposition to their notion that the light
which appeared on the Mount of the Transfiguration
was uncreated. The emperor, John Cantacuzenus,
took part (A. D. 1347) with Palamas, the leader of
the Quietists, and obtained the condemnation of
Acindynus by several councils at Constantinople, at
one especially in A. D. 1351. Remains of Acindy-
nus are, De Essentia et Operations DEI adversus im-
peritiam Gregorii Palama, <}? <:. , in "Variorum Pon-
Sificum ad Petrum Gnapheum Eutychianum Epis-
lol. ," p. 77, Gretser. , 4to, Ingolst. , 1616, and Car-
nun lambicum at Harcsibus Palamae, "Graecia; Or-
thodoxae Scriptores," by Leo. Allatius, p. 755, vol. 1,
4to, Rom. , 1652.
ACOETES ('Axomzf), according to Ovid (Met. , 3,
582, &c. ), the son of a poor fisherman In Maeonia,
who served as pilot in a ship. After landing at the
island of Naxos, some of the sailors brought with
them on board a beautiful sleeping boy, whom they
had found in the island, and whom they wished to
take with them; but Accetes, who recognised in the
boy the god Bacchus, dissuaded them from it, but
in vain. When the ship had reached the open sea,
the boy awoke, and desired to be carried back to
Naxos. The sailors promised to do so, but did not
keep their word.
Hereupon the god showed him-
self to them in his own majesty: vines began to
twine around the vessel, tigers appeared, and the
sailors, seized with madness, jumped into the sea
and perished. Acoetes alone was saved and con-
veyed back to Naxos, where he was initiated in
the Bacchic mysteries, and became a priest of the
god. Hyginus (Fab. , 134), whose story, on the
whole, agrees with that of Ovid, and all the other
writers abo mention this adventure of Bacchus,
? ? call the^rew of the ship Tyrrhenian pirates, and
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? SUPPLEMENT.
irnople uy Inc Latins in 1204, down to the year
1261, when Michael Palreologus delivered the city
from the foreign yoke. The Mb", of this work was
found in the library of Georgius Cantacuzenus at
Constantinople, and afterward brought to Europe.
(Fatrinus, Bibl. Grose. , vol. 7, p. 768. ) The first
edition of this work, with a Latin translation and
notes, was published by Theodoras Douza, Lugd.
Batar. , 1614, 8vo; but a more critical one by Leo
AiluMiis, who used a Vatican MS. , and divided the
lext into chapters. It has the title Feapyiav TOV
Georgii Acropolita, magni Logotheta, Historia, &c. ,
Paris, 1651, fol. This edition is reprinted in the
"Corpus Byzantinorum Scriptorum," Venice, 1729,
vol. 12. This chronicle contains one of the most
remarkable periods of Byzantine history, but it is
so short that it seems to be only an abridgment of
another work of the same author, which is lost.
Acropolita perhaps composed it with the view of
giving it as a compendium to those young men
whose scientific education he superintended, after
his return from his first embassy to Bulgaria. The
history of Michael Palceologus by Pachymeres may
be considered as a continuation of the work of Acro-
polita. Besides this work, Acropolita wrote several
orations, which he delivered in his capacity as great
logotheta, and as director of the negotiations with
the pope; but these orations have not been publish-
ed. Fabricius (vol. 7, p. 471) speaks of a MS. which
has the title Ilepl TUV oiro tcriaeuf Koa/iov ITUV xat
nepi TUV (JaadevaavTuv /texP1 aAuaeuf Kovaravri-
mvxti'/. tuf. Georgius, or Gregorius Cypnus, who
has written a short encomium of Acropolita, calls
him the Plato and the Aristotle of his time. This
"encomium" is printed, with a Latin translation, at
the head of the edition of Acropolita by Th. Douza:
it contains useful information concerning Acropolita,
although it is full of adulation. Farther information
is contained in Acropolita's history, especially in the
latter part of it, and in Pachymeres, 4, 28; 6, 26, 34,
eeq.
ACTORIUS NASO, M. , seems to- have written a life
of Julius Caesar, or a history of his times, which
is quoted by Suetonius (Jul. , 9, 52). The time at
which he lived is uncertain, but from the way in
which he is referred to by Suetonius, he would al-
most seem to have been a contemporary of Caesar.
ACTUARIUS ('\KTovaptoc. ), the surname by which
an ancient Greek physician, whose real name was
Joannes, is commonly known. His father's name
was Zacharias; he himself practised at Constan-
inople, and, as it appears, with some degree of
credit, as he was honoured with the title of Aclu-
caiut, a dignity frequently conferred at that court
upon physicians. (Diet, of Ant. , p. 631, b. ) Very
little is known of the events of his life, and his date
is rather uncertain, as some persons reckon him to
have lived in the eleventh century, and others bring
him down as low as the beginning of the fourteenth.
He probably lived towards the end of the thirteenth
century, as one of his works is dedicated to his tu-
tor, Joseph Racendytes, who lived in the reign of
Andronicus II. Pateologus, A. D. 1381-1328. One
of his schoolfellows is supposed to have been Apo-
cauchus, whom he describes (though without na-
ming him) as going upon an embassy to the north.
fDe Meth. Med. , Prasf. in 1, 2, p. 139, 169. )
One of his works is entitled Ilepi 'Evepyeiuv xal
? ? Tladav TOV ifvxlicov Hvev/MTOf, Kai riff HUT" avTO
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? 1414
SUPPLEMENT.
not to have ;>een a regular family-name of the Furia
gens, but only a surname given to this person, ol
which a similar example occurs in the following
article.
C. ACULKO, a Roman knight, who married the
sister of Helvia, the mother of Cicero. He was
surpassed by no one in his day in his knowledge 01
Hhe Roman law, and possessed great acuteness of
mind, but was not distinguished for other attain
mcnts. He was a friend of L. L'icinius Crassus
and was defended by him upon one occasion. Th<
ton of Aculeo was C. Visellius Varro; whence it
would appear that Aculeo was only a surname given
to the father from his acuteness, and that his full
name was C. . Visellius Varro Aculeo. (Cic. , De Or. .
1,43; 2, 1, 65; Brut. , 76. )
ACUMENIIS ('Ajtmy/evof), a physician of Athens,
who lived in the fifth century before Christ, and is
mentioned as the friend and companion of Socrates.
(Plat. , Pkadr. , mil. --Xen. , Mentor. , 3,13, $ 2. ) He
was the father of Eryximachus, who was also a
physician, and who is introduced as one of the
speakers in Plato's Symposium. (Plat. , Protag. ,
p. 315, c. ; Syrnp. , p. 176, c. ) He is also mentioned
in the collection of letters first published by Leo
AUatius, Paris, 1637, 4to, with the title EpisL. So-
cratis et Socraticorum, and again by Orellitis, Lips. ,
1816, 8vo, ep. 14, p. 31.
AD. SUS or ADD^EUS ("AcSofof or 'AJJoiof), a Greek
epigrammatic poet, a native, most probably, of Ma-
cedonia. The epithet Manciovoc. is appended to
his name before the third epigram in the Vat. MS.
(Anth. Gr. , 6, 228); and the subjects of the second,
eighth, ninth, and tenth epigrams agree with this
account of his origin. He lived in the time of Alex-
ander the Great, to whose death he alludes. (Anth.
Gr. , 7, 240. ) The fifth epigram (Anth. Gr. , 7, 305)
is inscribed 'A&tat'ov MirvXifvai'ov, and there was a
Mitylensean of this name, who wrote two prose
works, Hept 'Ayatyaroirotuv, and Ilcpl btadcoeuc. .
(Aihen. , 13, p. 606, A; 11, p. 471, F. j The time
when he lived cannot be fixed with certainty.
Keiske, though on insufficient grounds, believes
these two to be the same person. (Anth. Grccc. ,
6, 228, 258; 7, 51, 238, 240, 305; 10, 20. --Brunei,
Anal. , 2, p. 224. --Jacobs, 13, p. 831. )
ADAMANTIUS ('Aia/jdvTtof), an ancient physician,
hearing the title of lalrosophisla (iorpucuv %>yuv
oojiaTrif ? Socrates, Hist. Eccles. , 7, 13), for the
meaning of which see Diet, of Ant. , p. 628. Little
is known of his personal history, except that he
was by birth a Jew, and that he was one of those
who fled from Alexandrea at the time of the expul-
sion of the Jews from that city by the Patriarch St.
Cyril, A. D. 415. He went to Constantinople, was
persuaded to embrace Christianity, apparently by
Atticus, the patriarch of that city, and then return-
ed to Alexandrea. (Socrates, I. c. ) He is the au-
thor of a Greek treatise on physiognomy, fyvaioyvu-
uovixd, in two books, which is still extant, and
which is borrowed, in a great measure (as he him-
self confesses, 1, Proasm. , p. 314, ed. Franz. ), from
Polemo's work on the same subject. It is dedi-
cated to Constantius, who is supposed by Fabricius
(Biblixh. Grccca, vol. 1, p. 171; 13, 34, ed. vet. ) to
ne the person who married Placidia, the daughter
of Theodosius the Great, and who reigned for seven
? ? months in conjunction with the Emperor Honorius.
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? S U P P I ? M E N T.
tne oooks upon the work of Theophrastus, entitled
Urpi 'H06v, to which he added a sixth book upon the
\icomachian Ethics of Aristotle. (Alhen. , 15, p.
673. e, with Schweighauser's note. )
ADRANCS CA<Jpaviif), a Sicilian divinity who was
worshipped In all the island, but especially at Adra-
nus, a town near Mount jEtna. (Flat. , Timol, 12.
--Diodor. , 14, 37. ) Hesychius (t. v. HaitKoi) rep-
resents the god as the father of the Palici. Accord-
ing to jElian (Hist. Anim. , 11, 20), about 1000 sa-
cred d. Jgs were kept near his temple. Some modern
critics consider this divinity to be of Eastern origin,
and connect the name Adranus with the Persian
Adar (fire,) and regard him as the same as the
Phoenician Adramelech, and as a personification of
? the sun, or of fire in general. (Bochart, Geograpk.
Sacra, p. 530. )
ADRASTUS ('ASaaaro;), I. a son of Talaus, king o!
Argos, and of Lysimache. (Apollod. , 1, 9, ? 13. )
Pausanias (2, 6, <j 3) calls his mother Lysianassa,
and Hyginus (Fab. , 69) Eurynome. (Comp. Schol.
