)
having made a stranger his heir, in the erroneous
6.
having made a stranger his heir, in the erroneous
6.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
S.
] lius, third king of Rome.
In the war that sprung
HOSTILIA'NUS. Certain coins, belonging to from the rape of the Sabine women, Hostilius was
the reign of Decius, bear upon the obverse a repre- the champion of Rome, and fell in battle. (Liv. i.
sentation of the emperor and his wife Etruscilla, 12; Dionys. ii. 1. Macrob. Sat. i. 6. )
with the legend CONCORDIA AUGUSTORUM, while
2. Tullus Hostilius, grandson of the pre-
the reverse exhibits the portraits of two youths, ceding, was the third king of Rome. Thirty-iwo
with the words PIETAS AUGUSTORUM. One of
years—from about B. c. 670 to 638—were assigned
these individuals is unquestionably Herennius by the annalists to his reign. According to the
Etruscus [ETRUSCUS], and other medals taken in legends, his history ran as follows :-Hostilius
connection with inscriptions prove that the second departed from the peaceful ways of Numa, and
must be C. Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus, to aspired to the martial renown of Romulus. He
which Victor adds Perpenna, who after the defeat made Alba acknowledge Rome's supremacy in the
and death of Decius and Etruscus (A. D. 251) war wherein the three Roman brothers, the Ho-
[Decius) was associated in the purple with Tre- ratii, fought with the three Alban brothers, the
bonianus Gallus, and died soon afterwards, either Curiatii, at the Fossa Cluilia. Next he warred
of the plague at that time ravaging the empire, or with Fidenae and with Veii, and being straitly
by the treachery of his colleague. So obscure and pressed by their joint hosts, he vowed temples to
contradictory, however, are the records of this Pallor and Pavor-Paleness and Panic. And after
period, that historians have been unable to deter- the fight was won, he tore asunder with chariots
mine whether this 'Hostilianus was the son, the Mettius Fufetius, the king or dictator of Alba, be-
son-in-law, or the nephew of Decius. A view of cause he had desired to betray Rome; and he
the different arguments will be found in the works utterly destroyed Alba, sparing only the temples of
of Tillemont and Eckhel, but the question seems the gods, and bringing the Alban people to Rome,
to be in a great measure decided by the
testimony where he gave them the Caelian hill to dwell on.
of Zosimus, who distinctly states that Decius had Then he turned himself to war with the Sabines,
a son, whom he does not name, in addition to who, he said, had wronged the Roman merchants
Etruscus, and that this son was assumed by Tre- at the temple of Feronia, at the foot of Mount
bonianus as his partner in the imperial dignity. Soracte ; and being again straitened in fight in a
We must not omit to notice, at the same time, wood called the Wicked Wood, he vowed a yearly
that a reign of two years is assigned to a Hostili- festival to Saturn and Ops, and to double the number
anus, placed by Cedrenus (p. 451, ed. Bonn) im- of the Salii, or priests of Mamers. And when, by
mediately before Philip.
their help, he had vanquished the Sabines, he per-
(Victor, de Caes. 30, Epit. 30; Eutrop. ix. 5; formed his vow, and its records were the feasts
Zosim. i. 25 ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 625, ed. Par. 1687 ; Saturnalia and 'Opalia. But while Hostilius thus
Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. iii. ; Eck- warred with the nations north ward and eastward
hel, vol vii. p. 350. )
[W. R. ]
of the city, he leagued himself with the Latins and
with the Hernicans, so that while he was besieging
Veii, the men of Tusculum and of Anagnia en-
camped on the Esquiline hill, and kept guard over
Rome, where the city was most open. Yet, in his
old days, Hostilius grew weary of warring; and
when a pestilence struck him and his people, and a
shower of burning stones fell from heaven on Mount
Alba, and a voice as of the Alban gods came forth
from the solitary temple of Jupiter on its summit,
COIN OF HOSTILIANUS.
he remembered the peaceful and happy days of
HOSTI'LIA QUARTA, was married first to Numa, and sought to win the favour of the gods, as
Cn. Fulvius Flaccus, by whom she had a son. Q. Numa had done, by prayer and divination. But
Fulvius Flaccus [Flaccus, Q. Fulvius, No. 9), the gods heeded neither his prayers nor his charms,
and secondly, to C. Calpurnius Piso, consul in B. c. and when he would inquire of Jupiter Elicinis
180. She was accused and convicted of poisoning Jupiter was wroth, and smote Hostilius and his
MES
OSTIL
7SNS
Peacon
ERTI
TVN
SNC
R]
COODOO
MA
PO
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
HOSTILIUS.
631
HOSTILIUS.
whole house with fire. Later times placed his commissioners for re-apportioning the demesne lands
sepulchre on the Velian hill. (Varr. frugin. p. 241. of Rome in Sanınium and Apulia (xxxi. 4). In
Bipont. ed. )
190 he was legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus, and was
That the story of Tullus Hostilius in Dionysius involved with him in the charge of taking bribes
and Liry is the prose form of an heroic legend from Antiochus the Great Hostilius in B. c. 187
there seems little reason to doubt. The incidents was convicted of receiving for his own share froin
of the Alban war, the meeting of the armies on the the king of Syria 40 pounds of gold and 403 of
boundary line of Rome and Alba, the combat of silver. He gave suretics for his appearance ; but
the triad of brethren, the destruction of the city, since Scipio, a greater defaulter, eluded punishment,
the wrath of the gods, and the extinction of the Hostilius probably escaped also. (xxxviii. 55, 58. )
Hostilian house, are genuine poetical features. 2. C. Hostilius Cato, brother of the preceding,
Perhaps the only historical fact embodied in them and his colleague in the praetorship B. c. 207.
is the ruin of Alba itself; and even this is mis- After several changes in his appointment, the
represented, since, had a Roman king destroyed it, senate at length directed Hostilius to combine in
the territory and city would have become Roman, his own person the offices of praetor urbanus and
whereas Alba remained a member of the Latin praetor peregrinus, in order that the other praetors
league until the dissolution of that confederacy in of the year might take the field against Hannibal
B. C. 338. Yet, on the other hand, with Hostilius (Liv. xxvii. 35, 36. )
begins a new era in the early history of Rome, the 3. L. HostilIUS Caro, was one of the com-
mytho-historical, with higher pretensions and per- missioners (Hostilius Cato, No. 1] for re-
haps nearer approaches to fact and personality. As dividing the demesne lands of Rome in Samnium
Romulus was the founder and eponymus of the and Apulia B. c. 201 (Liv. xxxi. 4), and sub-
Ramnes or first tribe, and Tatius of the Titienses sequently legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus in the
or second, so Hostilius, a Latin of Medullia, was Syrian war, B. C. 190. L. Hostilius, as well as
probably the founder of the third patrician tribe, Aulus, was accused of taking bribes from Antiochus,
the Luceres, which, whatever Etruscan admixture but, unlike Aulus, was acquitted. (Liv. xxxviii.
it may have had, was certainly in its main element 55. )
[W. B. D. )
Latin. Hostilius assigned lands, added to a national HOSTILIUS FIRMI'NUS, legatus of Marius
priesthood, and to the patriciate, instituted new Priscus, proconsul of the Roman province of Africa
religious festivals, and, according to one account at in Trajan's reign. He was involved in the charges
least, increased the number of the equites, all of brought against the proconsul A. D. 101 (comp.
which are tokens of permanent additions to the Juv. i. 49, viii. 120) of extortion and cruelty ; and,
populus or burgherdom, and characteristics of a without being degraded from his rank as senator,
founder of the nation. Consistent with these he was prohibited the exercise of all senatorial
glimpses of historical existence are his building the functions. (Plin. Ep. ii. 11, 12. ) (W. B. D. )
Hostilia curia, and his enclosure of the comitium. HOSTI'LIUS, the proposer of the Lex Hos
He was not therefore, like Romulus, merely an tilia, of uncertain date. The old Roman law pro-
eponymus, nor, like Numa, merely an abstraction bibited actions from being brought by one person
of one element, the religious phase of the common in the name of another, except in the case of actions
wealth, but a hero-king, whose personality is dimly pro populo, pro libertate, and pro tutela. (Inst. 4.
visible through the fragments of dismembered re tit. 10. pr. ) By an action pro tutela seems to be
cord and among the luminous clouds of poetic meant the case of an action brought by a tutor in
colouring. (Dionys. iii. 1–36; Liv. i. 22–32; the name of a ward (compare Gell
. v. 13); and
Cic. de Rep. ii. 17; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. it was a rule of law that no third person could
i. pp. 296—298, 346—352; Arnold, Hist. of act for the tutor in behalf of the ward. By the
Roine, vol. i. pp. 15—19. )
Lex Hostilia, an actio furti was allowed to be
3. M. HOSTILius, removed the town of Salapia brought in the name of one who was absent on the
in Apulia from the unhealthy borders of the palus public service, military or civil; and if the absent
Salapina--Lago di Salpi-io a site four miles person were a tutor, a third person was allowed to
nearer the coast, and converted the lake, by drain-supply his place, where his ward had received an
age, into the harbour of the new town. (Vitruv. i. injury, for which an actio furti was the proper
4. p. 30. Bipont. ed. )
remedy. This law, which exempted soldiers on
4. C. HOSTILIUS was sent by the senate to foreign duty from ordinary rules of law, was pro-
Alexandria in B. c. 168 to interpose as legatus be- bably connected with the actiones Hostilianae men-
tween Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria (ANTI- tioned by Cicero. (De Orat. i. 57. ) As in an
OCH US, IV. ) and Ptolemy Physcon and Cleopatra, actio furii, founded upon the Ler Hostilia, the
the sovereigns of Egypt. (CLEOPATRA, No. 6. ] damage recovered by the nominal plaintiff ensued
(Liv. xliv. 19, 29. )
to the benefit of the absent soldier, a legal argument
5. Tullus Hostilius, a creature of M. An- might be drawn by analogy in favour of the claim
tony's, and tribune elect the plebs for B. C. 43. of the soldier to whom allusion is made by Cicero
Cicero plays upon his name, as befittingly affixed in the passage referred to. The father of the
to the gate-probably of the Curia Hostilia. (Phi- soldier had died during his son's absence, after
lipp. xiii. 12. § 26.
)
having made a stranger his heir, in the erroneous
6. Hostilius, a cynic philosopher, banished by belief of his son's death. The argument from ana-
Vespasian A. D, 72--3. (Dion Cass. lxvi. 13;logy would be, that the stranger took the inherit-
comp. Suet. Vesp. 13. )
(W. B. D. ] ance for the soldier's benefit. Hugo and others
HOST)'LIUS CATO. 1. A. HOSTILIUS Cato, have supposed that the actiones Hostilianae were
was praetor in B. C. 207 (Liv. xxvii. 35, 36), and testamentary formulae.
(J. T. G. ]
. obtained Sardinia for his province. (xxviii. 10. ) HOSTI'LIUS. Priscian (p. 719, ed. Putsch. )
In 20), after the evacuation of Italy by the Car- quotes a single line
thaginians, the senate named Hostilius one of ten Saepe greges pecuum ex hibernis pastubu' pulsi
a
NM 2
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
6. 32
HOSTIUS.
HYACINTHUS.
:
from “JInstilius in primo Annali," where l'eichert, theme by any one not actually alive at the time
although unsupported by any MS. authority, pro- when the scenes which he described were enacted,
poses to substitute Hostius for Hostilius, and sup- or at all events while the recollection of them was
poses that a reference is here made to a work by still fresh in the minds of his countrymen. (Festus,
that Hostius who wrote a poem on the Histric s. vv. tesca ; scaera ; Macrob. Sat. vi. 3, 5; Serv.
War (Hostius). If Hostilius be the true reading, ad Virg. Aen. xii. 121 ; Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reli-
we find no other allusion to this personage in any quiae, Lips. 1830, pp. 1-18. ) (W. R. )
ancient author, since he can scarcely be the mimo- HUNNERIC ('Ovúpixos), king of the Vandals
grapher mentioned by Tertullian (Apolog. 15), who in Africa (A. D. 477–484) son of Genseric. He
in classing together “ Lentulorum et Hostiliorum succeeded his father A. D. 477, and married Eu-
venustates seems to bring down the latter to docin daughter of the emperor Valentinian, in
the reign of Domitian, which we know to have whose court he had been a hostage. His reign
been the epoch of Lentulus, while the versification was chiefly marked by his savage persecution of the
of the hexameter given above appears to belong to Catholics – rendered famous by the alleged miracle
some period not later than the age of Cicero. (See of the confession of Tipasa ; and he died of a loath-
Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reliquiue, Lips. 1830. p. some disease, A. D. 484. (Procop. Bell. l'and. i.
17. )
(W. R. ] 5, 8; Victor Vitensis, apud Ruinart. ; Gibbon, c.
HO'STIUS. Festus, Macrobius, and Servius, 37. )
(A. P. S. )
make quotations, extending in all to about six lines, HYACINTHIDES. (HYACINTHUS, No. 2. )
from the first and second books of the Bellum HYACINTHUS ('Táxi@os). 1. The youngest
Histricum of Hostius. From these fragments, from son of the Spartan king Amyclas and Diomede
the title of the piece, and from the expressions of (Apollod. iii. 10. $ 3; Paus. iii. 1. $ 3, 19. § 4),
the grammarians, we learn that the poem was but according to others a son of Pierus and Clio,
composed in heroic bexameters ; that the subject or of Oebalus or Eurotas (Lucian, Dil. Deor. 14;
must have been the Illyrian war, waged in the Hygin. Fab. 271. ) He was a youth of extraor-
consulship of A. Manlius Vulso and M. Junius dinary beauty, and beloved by Thamyris and
Brutus, B. c. 178, the events of which are chro- Apollo, who unintentionally killed him during a
nicled in the forty-first book of Livy; and that the game of discus. (Apollod. i. 3. § 3. ) Some tra-
author lived before Virgil ; but no ancient writer ditions relate that he was beloved also by Boreas
has recorded the period of his birth or of his death, or Zephyrus, who, from jealousy of Apollo, drove
the place of his nativity, the precise epoch when the discus of the god against the head of the youth,
he flourished, or any circumstance connected with and thus killed him. (Lucian, l. c. ; Serv. ad Virg.
his personal history. In the absence of any thing Eclog. iii. 63; Pbilostr. Imag. 1. 24; Ov. Met. X.
substantial, critics have caught eagerly at shadows. 184. ) From the blood of Hyacinthus there sprang
We are told by Appuleius in his Apology, that the flower of the same name (hyacinth), on the
Hostia was the real name of the lady so often ad- leaves of which there appeared the exclamation of
dressed as Cynthia in the lays of Propertius. woe AI, AI, or the letter T, being the initial of
Hence Vossius (de Poet. Lat. c. 2) has boldly Táxiv@os. According to other traditions, the hya-
asserted that Hostius belongs to the age of Julius cinth (on the leaves of which, however, those
Caesar, a position somewhat vague in itself, and characters do not appear) sprang from the blood of
resting upon no basis save the simple conjecture Ajax. (Schol. ad Theocrit. x. 28 ; comp. Ov. Met.
that Hostia was his daughter. (De Hist. Lat. xii. 395, &c. , who combines both legends ; Plin.
i. 16. ) Weichert, while he rejects this assump- H. N. xxi. 28. ). Hyacinthus was worshipped at
tion, is willing to admit that a connection ex- Amyclae as a hero, and a great festival, Hya.
isted between the parties, and conceives that the cinthia, was celebrated in his honour. (Dict. of
precise degree of relationship is indicated by the Ant. s. r. )
words of the amatory bard, who, having paid a 2. A Lacedaemonian, who is said to have gone
tribute in the first book of his elegies (ii. 27) to to Athens, and in compliance with an oracle, to
the poetical powers of the fair one, refers expressly have caused his daughters to be sacrificed on the
in another place (iii. 18, 7; comp. ii. 10, 9) to the tomb on the Cyclops Geraestus, for the purpose
glory reflected on her by the fame of a learned of delivering the city from famine and the plague,
grandsire-
under which it was suffering during the war with
“ Est tibi forma potens, sunt castae Palladis artes, Minos. His daughters, who were sacrificed either
Splendidaque a docto fama refulget avo. "
to Athena or Persephone, were known in the Attic
legends by the name of the Hyacinthides, which
Now if we grant that a paternal ancestor is here they derived from their father. (Apollod. ii. 15.
pointed out, since no one bearing the name of $ 8; Hygin. Fab. 238 ; Harpocrat. s. r. ) Some
Hostius is celebrated in the literary annals of traditions make them the daughters of Erechtheus,
Rome, except the Hostius whom we are now dis- and relate that they received their name from the
cussing, it follows that he must be the person in village of Hyacinthus, where they were sacrificed
question ; and since Cynthia appears to have been at the time when Athens was attacked by the
considerably older than her lover, we may throw Eleusinians and Thracians, or Thebans. (Suid. s. v.
back her grandfather beyond the era of the Grac- nap évou ; Demosth. Epilaph. p. 1397 ; Lycurg.
chi. This supposition, at first sight far-fetched and c. Leocrat. 24 ; Cic. p. Sext. 48; Hygin. Fab. 46. )
visionary, receives some support from the language The names and numbers of the Hyacinthides differ
and versification of the scanty remains transmitted in the different writers. The account of Apollo
to us, which, although far removed from barbarism, dorus is confused : he mentions four, and repre-
savour somewhat of antique rudeness, and also sents them as married, although they were sacrificed
from the circumstance that the Histric war was a as maidens, whence they are sometimes called simply .
contest so far from being prominent or important, ai napoevou. Those traditions in wbich they are
that it was little likely to have been selected as a described as the daughters of Erechtheus confound
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
HYALE.
333
HYES.
ther with Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosos (Schol. HYAS ("ras).
HOSTILIA'NUS. Certain coins, belonging to from the rape of the Sabine women, Hostilius was
the reign of Decius, bear upon the obverse a repre- the champion of Rome, and fell in battle. (Liv. i.
sentation of the emperor and his wife Etruscilla, 12; Dionys. ii. 1. Macrob. Sat. i. 6. )
with the legend CONCORDIA AUGUSTORUM, while
2. Tullus Hostilius, grandson of the pre-
the reverse exhibits the portraits of two youths, ceding, was the third king of Rome. Thirty-iwo
with the words PIETAS AUGUSTORUM. One of
years—from about B. c. 670 to 638—were assigned
these individuals is unquestionably Herennius by the annalists to his reign. According to the
Etruscus [ETRUSCUS], and other medals taken in legends, his history ran as follows :-Hostilius
connection with inscriptions prove that the second departed from the peaceful ways of Numa, and
must be C. Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus, to aspired to the martial renown of Romulus. He
which Victor adds Perpenna, who after the defeat made Alba acknowledge Rome's supremacy in the
and death of Decius and Etruscus (A. D. 251) war wherein the three Roman brothers, the Ho-
[Decius) was associated in the purple with Tre- ratii, fought with the three Alban brothers, the
bonianus Gallus, and died soon afterwards, either Curiatii, at the Fossa Cluilia. Next he warred
of the plague at that time ravaging the empire, or with Fidenae and with Veii, and being straitly
by the treachery of his colleague. So obscure and pressed by their joint hosts, he vowed temples to
contradictory, however, are the records of this Pallor and Pavor-Paleness and Panic. And after
period, that historians have been unable to deter- the fight was won, he tore asunder with chariots
mine whether this 'Hostilianus was the son, the Mettius Fufetius, the king or dictator of Alba, be-
son-in-law, or the nephew of Decius. A view of cause he had desired to betray Rome; and he
the different arguments will be found in the works utterly destroyed Alba, sparing only the temples of
of Tillemont and Eckhel, but the question seems the gods, and bringing the Alban people to Rome,
to be in a great measure decided by the
testimony where he gave them the Caelian hill to dwell on.
of Zosimus, who distinctly states that Decius had Then he turned himself to war with the Sabines,
a son, whom he does not name, in addition to who, he said, had wronged the Roman merchants
Etruscus, and that this son was assumed by Tre- at the temple of Feronia, at the foot of Mount
bonianus as his partner in the imperial dignity. Soracte ; and being again straitened in fight in a
We must not omit to notice, at the same time, wood called the Wicked Wood, he vowed a yearly
that a reign of two years is assigned to a Hostili- festival to Saturn and Ops, and to double the number
anus, placed by Cedrenus (p. 451, ed. Bonn) im- of the Salii, or priests of Mamers. And when, by
mediately before Philip.
their help, he had vanquished the Sabines, he per-
(Victor, de Caes. 30, Epit. 30; Eutrop. ix. 5; formed his vow, and its records were the feasts
Zosim. i. 25 ; Zonar. vol. i. p. 625, ed. Par. 1687 ; Saturnalia and 'Opalia. But while Hostilius thus
Tillemont, Histoire des Empereurs, vol. iii. ; Eck- warred with the nations north ward and eastward
hel, vol vii. p. 350. )
[W. R. ]
of the city, he leagued himself with the Latins and
with the Hernicans, so that while he was besieging
Veii, the men of Tusculum and of Anagnia en-
camped on the Esquiline hill, and kept guard over
Rome, where the city was most open. Yet, in his
old days, Hostilius grew weary of warring; and
when a pestilence struck him and his people, and a
shower of burning stones fell from heaven on Mount
Alba, and a voice as of the Alban gods came forth
from the solitary temple of Jupiter on its summit,
COIN OF HOSTILIANUS.
he remembered the peaceful and happy days of
HOSTI'LIA QUARTA, was married first to Numa, and sought to win the favour of the gods, as
Cn. Fulvius Flaccus, by whom she had a son. Q. Numa had done, by prayer and divination. But
Fulvius Flaccus [Flaccus, Q. Fulvius, No. 9), the gods heeded neither his prayers nor his charms,
and secondly, to C. Calpurnius Piso, consul in B. c. and when he would inquire of Jupiter Elicinis
180. She was accused and convicted of poisoning Jupiter was wroth, and smote Hostilius and his
MES
OSTIL
7SNS
Peacon
ERTI
TVN
SNC
R]
COODOO
MA
PO
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
HOSTILIUS.
631
HOSTILIUS.
whole house with fire. Later times placed his commissioners for re-apportioning the demesne lands
sepulchre on the Velian hill. (Varr. frugin. p. 241. of Rome in Sanınium and Apulia (xxxi. 4). In
Bipont. ed. )
190 he was legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus, and was
That the story of Tullus Hostilius in Dionysius involved with him in the charge of taking bribes
and Liry is the prose form of an heroic legend from Antiochus the Great Hostilius in B. c. 187
there seems little reason to doubt. The incidents was convicted of receiving for his own share froin
of the Alban war, the meeting of the armies on the the king of Syria 40 pounds of gold and 403 of
boundary line of Rome and Alba, the combat of silver. He gave suretics for his appearance ; but
the triad of brethren, the destruction of the city, since Scipio, a greater defaulter, eluded punishment,
the wrath of the gods, and the extinction of the Hostilius probably escaped also. (xxxviii. 55, 58. )
Hostilian house, are genuine poetical features. 2. C. Hostilius Cato, brother of the preceding,
Perhaps the only historical fact embodied in them and his colleague in the praetorship B. c. 207.
is the ruin of Alba itself; and even this is mis- After several changes in his appointment, the
represented, since, had a Roman king destroyed it, senate at length directed Hostilius to combine in
the territory and city would have become Roman, his own person the offices of praetor urbanus and
whereas Alba remained a member of the Latin praetor peregrinus, in order that the other praetors
league until the dissolution of that confederacy in of the year might take the field against Hannibal
B. C. 338. Yet, on the other hand, with Hostilius (Liv. xxvii. 35, 36. )
begins a new era in the early history of Rome, the 3. L. HostilIUS Caro, was one of the com-
mytho-historical, with higher pretensions and per- missioners (Hostilius Cato, No. 1] for re-
haps nearer approaches to fact and personality. As dividing the demesne lands of Rome in Samnium
Romulus was the founder and eponymus of the and Apulia B. c. 201 (Liv. xxxi. 4), and sub-
Ramnes or first tribe, and Tatius of the Titienses sequently legatus of L. Scipio Asiaticus in the
or second, so Hostilius, a Latin of Medullia, was Syrian war, B. C. 190. L. Hostilius, as well as
probably the founder of the third patrician tribe, Aulus, was accused of taking bribes from Antiochus,
the Luceres, which, whatever Etruscan admixture but, unlike Aulus, was acquitted. (Liv. xxxviii.
it may have had, was certainly in its main element 55. )
[W. B. D. )
Latin. Hostilius assigned lands, added to a national HOSTILIUS FIRMI'NUS, legatus of Marius
priesthood, and to the patriciate, instituted new Priscus, proconsul of the Roman province of Africa
religious festivals, and, according to one account at in Trajan's reign. He was involved in the charges
least, increased the number of the equites, all of brought against the proconsul A. D. 101 (comp.
which are tokens of permanent additions to the Juv. i. 49, viii. 120) of extortion and cruelty ; and,
populus or burgherdom, and characteristics of a without being degraded from his rank as senator,
founder of the nation. Consistent with these he was prohibited the exercise of all senatorial
glimpses of historical existence are his building the functions. (Plin. Ep. ii. 11, 12. ) (W. B. D. )
Hostilia curia, and his enclosure of the comitium. HOSTI'LIUS, the proposer of the Lex Hos
He was not therefore, like Romulus, merely an tilia, of uncertain date. The old Roman law pro-
eponymus, nor, like Numa, merely an abstraction bibited actions from being brought by one person
of one element, the religious phase of the common in the name of another, except in the case of actions
wealth, but a hero-king, whose personality is dimly pro populo, pro libertate, and pro tutela. (Inst. 4.
visible through the fragments of dismembered re tit. 10. pr. ) By an action pro tutela seems to be
cord and among the luminous clouds of poetic meant the case of an action brought by a tutor in
colouring. (Dionys. iii. 1–36; Liv. i. 22–32; the name of a ward (compare Gell
. v. 13); and
Cic. de Rep. ii. 17; Niebuhr, Hist. of Rome, vol. it was a rule of law that no third person could
i. pp. 296—298, 346—352; Arnold, Hist. of act for the tutor in behalf of the ward. By the
Roine, vol. i. pp. 15—19. )
Lex Hostilia, an actio furti was allowed to be
3. M. HOSTILius, removed the town of Salapia brought in the name of one who was absent on the
in Apulia from the unhealthy borders of the palus public service, military or civil; and if the absent
Salapina--Lago di Salpi-io a site four miles person were a tutor, a third person was allowed to
nearer the coast, and converted the lake, by drain-supply his place, where his ward had received an
age, into the harbour of the new town. (Vitruv. i. injury, for which an actio furti was the proper
4. p. 30. Bipont. ed. )
remedy. This law, which exempted soldiers on
4. C. HOSTILIUS was sent by the senate to foreign duty from ordinary rules of law, was pro-
Alexandria in B. c. 168 to interpose as legatus be- bably connected with the actiones Hostilianae men-
tween Antiochus Epiphanes, king of Syria (ANTI- tioned by Cicero. (De Orat. i. 57. ) As in an
OCH US, IV. ) and Ptolemy Physcon and Cleopatra, actio furii, founded upon the Ler Hostilia, the
the sovereigns of Egypt. (CLEOPATRA, No. 6. ] damage recovered by the nominal plaintiff ensued
(Liv. xliv. 19, 29. )
to the benefit of the absent soldier, a legal argument
5. Tullus Hostilius, a creature of M. An- might be drawn by analogy in favour of the claim
tony's, and tribune elect the plebs for B. C. 43. of the soldier to whom allusion is made by Cicero
Cicero plays upon his name, as befittingly affixed in the passage referred to. The father of the
to the gate-probably of the Curia Hostilia. (Phi- soldier had died during his son's absence, after
lipp. xiii. 12. § 26.
)
having made a stranger his heir, in the erroneous
6. Hostilius, a cynic philosopher, banished by belief of his son's death. The argument from ana-
Vespasian A. D, 72--3. (Dion Cass. lxvi. 13;logy would be, that the stranger took the inherit-
comp. Suet. Vesp. 13. )
(W. B. D. ] ance for the soldier's benefit. Hugo and others
HOST)'LIUS CATO. 1. A. HOSTILIUS Cato, have supposed that the actiones Hostilianae were
was praetor in B. C. 207 (Liv. xxvii. 35, 36), and testamentary formulae.
(J. T. G. ]
. obtained Sardinia for his province. (xxviii. 10. ) HOSTI'LIUS. Priscian (p. 719, ed. Putsch. )
In 20), after the evacuation of Italy by the Car- quotes a single line
thaginians, the senate named Hostilius one of ten Saepe greges pecuum ex hibernis pastubu' pulsi
a
NM 2
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
6. 32
HOSTIUS.
HYACINTHUS.
:
from “JInstilius in primo Annali," where l'eichert, theme by any one not actually alive at the time
although unsupported by any MS. authority, pro- when the scenes which he described were enacted,
poses to substitute Hostius for Hostilius, and sup- or at all events while the recollection of them was
poses that a reference is here made to a work by still fresh in the minds of his countrymen. (Festus,
that Hostius who wrote a poem on the Histric s. vv. tesca ; scaera ; Macrob. Sat. vi. 3, 5; Serv.
War (Hostius). If Hostilius be the true reading, ad Virg. Aen. xii. 121 ; Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reli-
we find no other allusion to this personage in any quiae, Lips. 1830, pp. 1-18. ) (W. R. )
ancient author, since he can scarcely be the mimo- HUNNERIC ('Ovúpixos), king of the Vandals
grapher mentioned by Tertullian (Apolog. 15), who in Africa (A. D. 477–484) son of Genseric. He
in classing together “ Lentulorum et Hostiliorum succeeded his father A. D. 477, and married Eu-
venustates seems to bring down the latter to docin daughter of the emperor Valentinian, in
the reign of Domitian, which we know to have whose court he had been a hostage. His reign
been the epoch of Lentulus, while the versification was chiefly marked by his savage persecution of the
of the hexameter given above appears to belong to Catholics – rendered famous by the alleged miracle
some period not later than the age of Cicero. (See of the confession of Tipasa ; and he died of a loath-
Weichert, Poet. Lat. Reliquiue, Lips. 1830. p. some disease, A. D. 484. (Procop. Bell. l'and. i.
17. )
(W. R. ] 5, 8; Victor Vitensis, apud Ruinart. ; Gibbon, c.
HO'STIUS. Festus, Macrobius, and Servius, 37. )
(A. P. S. )
make quotations, extending in all to about six lines, HYACINTHIDES. (HYACINTHUS, No. 2. )
from the first and second books of the Bellum HYACINTHUS ('Táxi@os). 1. The youngest
Histricum of Hostius. From these fragments, from son of the Spartan king Amyclas and Diomede
the title of the piece, and from the expressions of (Apollod. iii. 10. $ 3; Paus. iii. 1. $ 3, 19. § 4),
the grammarians, we learn that the poem was but according to others a son of Pierus and Clio,
composed in heroic bexameters ; that the subject or of Oebalus or Eurotas (Lucian, Dil. Deor. 14;
must have been the Illyrian war, waged in the Hygin. Fab. 271. ) He was a youth of extraor-
consulship of A. Manlius Vulso and M. Junius dinary beauty, and beloved by Thamyris and
Brutus, B. c. 178, the events of which are chro- Apollo, who unintentionally killed him during a
nicled in the forty-first book of Livy; and that the game of discus. (Apollod. i. 3. § 3. ) Some tra-
author lived before Virgil ; but no ancient writer ditions relate that he was beloved also by Boreas
has recorded the period of his birth or of his death, or Zephyrus, who, from jealousy of Apollo, drove
the place of his nativity, the precise epoch when the discus of the god against the head of the youth,
he flourished, or any circumstance connected with and thus killed him. (Lucian, l. c. ; Serv. ad Virg.
his personal history. In the absence of any thing Eclog. iii. 63; Pbilostr. Imag. 1. 24; Ov. Met. X.
substantial, critics have caught eagerly at shadows. 184. ) From the blood of Hyacinthus there sprang
We are told by Appuleius in his Apology, that the flower of the same name (hyacinth), on the
Hostia was the real name of the lady so often ad- leaves of which there appeared the exclamation of
dressed as Cynthia in the lays of Propertius. woe AI, AI, or the letter T, being the initial of
Hence Vossius (de Poet. Lat. c. 2) has boldly Táxiv@os. According to other traditions, the hya-
asserted that Hostius belongs to the age of Julius cinth (on the leaves of which, however, those
Caesar, a position somewhat vague in itself, and characters do not appear) sprang from the blood of
resting upon no basis save the simple conjecture Ajax. (Schol. ad Theocrit. x. 28 ; comp. Ov. Met.
that Hostia was his daughter. (De Hist. Lat. xii. 395, &c. , who combines both legends ; Plin.
i. 16. ) Weichert, while he rejects this assump- H. N. xxi. 28. ). Hyacinthus was worshipped at
tion, is willing to admit that a connection ex- Amyclae as a hero, and a great festival, Hya.
isted between the parties, and conceives that the cinthia, was celebrated in his honour. (Dict. of
precise degree of relationship is indicated by the Ant. s. r. )
words of the amatory bard, who, having paid a 2. A Lacedaemonian, who is said to have gone
tribute in the first book of his elegies (ii. 27) to to Athens, and in compliance with an oracle, to
the poetical powers of the fair one, refers expressly have caused his daughters to be sacrificed on the
in another place (iii. 18, 7; comp. ii. 10, 9) to the tomb on the Cyclops Geraestus, for the purpose
glory reflected on her by the fame of a learned of delivering the city from famine and the plague,
grandsire-
under which it was suffering during the war with
“ Est tibi forma potens, sunt castae Palladis artes, Minos. His daughters, who were sacrificed either
Splendidaque a docto fama refulget avo. "
to Athena or Persephone, were known in the Attic
legends by the name of the Hyacinthides, which
Now if we grant that a paternal ancestor is here they derived from their father. (Apollod. ii. 15.
pointed out, since no one bearing the name of $ 8; Hygin. Fab. 238 ; Harpocrat. s. r. ) Some
Hostius is celebrated in the literary annals of traditions make them the daughters of Erechtheus,
Rome, except the Hostius whom we are now dis- and relate that they received their name from the
cussing, it follows that he must be the person in village of Hyacinthus, where they were sacrificed
question ; and since Cynthia appears to have been at the time when Athens was attacked by the
considerably older than her lover, we may throw Eleusinians and Thracians, or Thebans. (Suid. s. v.
back her grandfather beyond the era of the Grac- nap évou ; Demosth. Epilaph. p. 1397 ; Lycurg.
chi. This supposition, at first sight far-fetched and c. Leocrat. 24 ; Cic. p. Sext. 48; Hygin. Fab. 46. )
visionary, receives some support from the language The names and numbers of the Hyacinthides differ
and versification of the scanty remains transmitted in the different writers. The account of Apollo
to us, which, although far removed from barbarism, dorus is confused : he mentions four, and repre-
savour somewhat of antique rudeness, and also sents them as married, although they were sacrificed
from the circumstance that the Histric war was a as maidens, whence they are sometimes called simply .
contest so far from being prominent or important, ai napoevou. Those traditions in wbich they are
that it was little likely to have been selected as a described as the daughters of Erechtheus confound
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
HYALE.
333
HYES.
ther with Agraulos, Herse, and Pandrosos (Schol. HYAS ("ras).
