Nearly all the
individual
works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States.
collection are in the public domain in the United States.
Macaulay
Parl.
June 7.
1690.
]
[Footnote 766: Balcarras. ]
[Footnote 767: Faithful Contendings Displayed; Case of the present
Afflicted Episcopal Clergy in Scotland, 1690. ]
[Footnote 768: Act. Parl. April 25. 1690. ]
[Footnote 769: See the Humble Address of the Presbyterian Ministers and
Professors of the Church of Scotland to His Grace His Majesty's High
Commissioner and to the Right Honourable the Estates of Parliament. ]
[Footnote 770: See the Account of the late Establishment of Presbyterian
Government by the Parliament of Scotland, Anno 1690. This is an
Episcopalian narrative. Act. Parl. May 26. 1690. ]
[Footnote 771: Act. Parl. June 7. 1690. ]
[Footnote 772: An Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian General
Assembly in a Letter from a Person in Edinburgh to his Friend in London
licensed April 20. 1691. ]
[Footnote 773: Account of the late Establishment of the Presbyterian
Government by the Parliament of Scotland, 1690. ]
[Footnote 774: Act. Parl. July 4. 1690. ]
[Footnote 775: Act. Parl. July 19 1690; Lockhart to Melville, April 29.
1690. ]
[Footnote 776: Balcarras; Confession of Annandale in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 777: Balcarras; Notes of Ross's Confession in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 778: Balcarras; Mary's account of her interview with
Montgomery, printed among the Leven and Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 779: Compare Balcarras with Burnett, ii. 62. The pamphlet
entitled Great Britain's Just Complaint is a good specimen of
Montgomery's manner. ]
[Footnote 780: Balcarras; Annandale's Confession. ]
[Footnote 781: Burnett, ii. 62, Lockhart to Melville, Aug. 30. 1690 and
Crawford to Melville, Dec. 11. 1690 in the Leven and Melville Papers;
Neville Payne's letter of Dec 3 1692, printed in 1693. ]
[Footnote 782: Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian General
Assembly, 1691; The Presbyterian Inquisition as it was lately practised
against the Professors of the College of Edinburgh, 1691. ]
[Footnote 783: One of the most curious of the many curious papers
written by the Covenanters of that generation is entitled, "Nathaniel,
or the Dying Testimony of John Matthieson in Closeburn. " Matthieson did
not die till 1709, but his Testimony was written some years earlier,
when he was in expectation of death. "And now," he says, "I as a dying
man, would in a few words tell you that are to live behind my thoughts
as to the times. When I saw, or rather heard, the Prince and Princess of
Orange being set up as they were, and his pardoning all the murderers
of the saints and receiving all the bloody beasts, soldiers, and
others, all these officers of their state and army, and all the bloody
counsellors, civil and ecclesiastic; and his letting slip that son of
Belial, his father in law, who, both by all the laws of God and man,
ought to have died, I knew he would do no good to the cause and work of
God. "]
[Footnote 784: See the Dying Testimony of Mr. Robert Smith, Student of
Divinity, who lived in Douglas Town, in the Shire of Clydesdale, who
died about two o'clock in the Sabbath morning, Dec. 13. 1724, aged 58
years; and the Dying Testimony of William Wilson, sometime Schoolmaster
of Park in the Parish of Douglas, aged 68, who died May 7. 1757. ]
[Footnote 785: See the Dying Testimony of William Wilson, mentioned
in the last note. It ought to be remarked that, on the subject of
witchcraft, the Divines of the Associate Presbytery were as absurd as
this poor crazy Dominie. See their Act, Declaration, and Testimony,
published in 1773 by Adam Gib. ]
[Footnote 786: In the year 1791, Thomas Henderson of Paisley wrote,
in defence of some separatists who called themselves the Reformed
Presbytery, against a writer who had charged them with "disowning the
present excellent sovereign as the lawful King of Great Britain. " "The
Reformed Presbytery and their connections," says Mr. Henderson, "have
not been much accustomed to give flattering titles to princes. ". . . . .
"However, they entertain no resentment against the person of the
present occupant, nor any of the good qualities which he possesses. They
sincerely wish that he were more excellent than external royalty can
make him, that he were adorned with the image of Christ," &c. , &c. ,
&c. "But they can by no means acknowledge him, nor any of the episcopal
persuasion, to be a lawful king over these covenanted lands. "]
[Footnote 787: An enthusiast, named George Calderwood, in his preface to
a Collection of Dying Testimonies, published in 1806, accuses even the
Reformed Presbytery of scandalous compliances. "As for the Reformed
Presbytery," he says, "though they profess to own the martyr's testimony
in hairs and hoofs, yet they have now adopted so many new distinctions,
and given up their old ones, that they have made it so evident that it
is neither the martyr's testimony nor yet the one that that Presbytery
adopted at first that they are now maintaining. When the Reformed
Presbytery was in its infancy, and had some appearance of honesty and
faithfulness among them, they were blamed by all the other parties for
using of distinctions that no man could justify, i. e. they would not
admit into their communion those that paid the land tax or subscribed
tacks to do so; but now they can admit into their communions both rulers
and members who voluntarily pay all taxes and subscribe tacks. ". . . . "It
shall be only referred to government's books, since the commencement of
the French war, how many of their own members have accepted of places of
trust, to be at government's call, such as bearers of arms, driving of
cattle, stopping of ways, &c. ; and what is all their license for trading
by sea or land but a serving under government? "]
[Footnote 788: The King to Melville, May 22. 1690, in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 789: Account of the Establishment of Presbyterian Government. ]
[Footnote 790: Carmichael's good qualities are fully admitted by the
Episcopalians. See the Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian
General Assembly and the Presbyterian Inquisition. ]
[Footnote 791: See, in the Leven and Melville Papers, Melville's Letters
written from London at this time to Crawford, Rule, Williamson, and
other vehement Presbyterians. He says: "The clergy that were put out,
and come up, make a great clamour: many here encourage and rejoyce at
it. . . . There is nothing now but the greatest sobrietie and moderation
imaginable to be used, unless we will hazard the overturning of all; and
take this as earnest, and not as imaginations and fears only. "]
[Footnote 792: Principal Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of
Scotland held in and begun at Edinburgh the 16th day of October, 1690;
Edinburgh, 1691. ]
[Footnote 793: Monthly Mercuries; London Gazettes of November 3. and 6.
1690. ]
[Footnote 794: Van Citters to the States General, Oct. 3/13 1690. ]
[Footnote 795: Lords' Journals, Oct. 6. 1690; Commons' Journals, Oct.
8. ]
[Footnote 796: I am not aware that this lampoon has ever been printed.
I have seen it only in two contemporary manuscripts. It is entitled The
Opening of the Session, 1690. ]
[Footnote 797: Commons' Journals, Oct. 9, 10 13, 14. 1690. ]
[Footnote 798: Commons' Journals of December, 1690, particularly of Dec.
26. Stat. 2 W. & M. sess 2. C. 11. ]
[Footnote 799: Stat. 2 W. and M. sess. 2. c. I. 3, 4. ]
[Footnote 800: Burnet, ii. 67. See the journals of both Houses,
particularly the Commons' Journals of the 10th of December and the
Lords' Journals of the 30th of December and the 1st of January. The bill
itself will be found in the archives of the House of Lords. ]
[Footnote 801: Lords' Journals, Oct. 30. 1690. The numbers are never
given in the Lords' Journals. That the majority was only two is asserted
by Ralph, who had, I suppose, some authority which I have not been able
to find. ]
[Footnote 802: Van Citters to the States General, Nov. 14/24 1690. The
Earl of Torrington's speech to the House of Commons, 1710. ]
[Footnote 803: Burnet, ii. 67, 68. ; Van Citters to the States General,
Nov. 22/Dec 1 1690; An impartial Account of some remarkable Passages
in the Life of Arthur, Earl of Torrington, together with some modest
Remarks on the Trial and Acquitment, 1691; Reasons for the Trial of the
Earl of Torrington by Impeachment, 1690; The Parable of the Bearbaiting,
1690; The Earl of Torrington's Speech to the House of Commons, 1710.
That Torrington was coldly received by the peers I learned from an
article in the Noticias Ordinarias of February 6 1691, Madrid. ]
[Footnote 804: In one Whig lampoon of this year are these lines,
"David, we thought, succeeded Saul,
When William rose on James's fall;
But now King Thomas governs all. "
In another are these lines:
"When Charles did seem to fill the throne,
This tyrant Tom made England groan. "
A third says:
"Yorkshire Tom was rais'd to honour,
For what cause no creature knew;
He was false to the royal donor
And will be the same to you. "]
[Footnote 805: A Whig poet compares the two Marquesses, as they were
often called, and gives George the preference over Thomas. ]
"If a Marquess needs must steer us,
Take a better in his stead,
Who will in your absence cheer us,
And has far a wiser head. "]
[Footnote 806: "A thin, illnatured ghost that haunts the King. "]
[Footnote 807:
"Let him with his blue riband be
Tied close up to the gallows tree
For my lady a cart; and I'd contrive it,
Her dancing son and heir should drive it. "]
[Footnote 808: As to the designs of the Whigs against Caermarthen,
see Burnet, ii. 68, 69, and a very significant protest in the Lords'
journals, October 30. 1690. As to the relations between Caermarthen and
Godolphin, see Godolphin's letter to William, dated March 20. 1691, in
Dalrymple. ]
[Footnote 809: My account of this conspiracy is chiefly taken from the
evidence, oral and documentary, which was produced on the trial of the
conspirators. See also Burnet, ii. 69, 70. , and the Life of James, ii.
441. Narcissus Luttrell remarks that no Roman Catholic appeared to have
been admitted to the consultations of the conspirators. ]
[Footnote 810: The genuineness of these letters was once contested on
very frivolous grounds. But the letter of Turner to Sancroft, which is
among the Tanner papers in the Bodleian Library, and which will be found
in the Life of Ken by a Layman, must convince the most incredulous. ]
[Footnote 811: The words are these: "The Modest inquiry--The Bishops'
Answer--Not the chilling of them--But the satisfying of friends. " The
Modest Inquiry was the pamphlet which hinted at Dewitting. ]
[Footnote 812: Lords' and Commons' Journals Jan 5 1690/1; London
Gazette, Jan 8]
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the Accession
of James II. , by Thomas Babington Macaulay
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www. gutenberg. org
Title: The History of England from the Accession of James II.
Volume 4 (of 5)
Author: Thomas Babington Macaulay
Posting Date: June 23, 2008 [EBook #2613]
Release Date: May, 2001
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND ***
Produced by Martin Adamson
THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND
VOLUME IV
(Chapters XVIII-XXII)
by Thomas Babington Macaulay
CONTENTS:
CHAPTER XVII
William's Voyage to Holland
William's Entrance into the Hague
Congress at the Hague
William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs
William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature of Coalitions
Siege and Fall of Mons
William returns to England; Trials of Preston and Ashton
Execution of Ashton
Preston's Irresolution and Confessions
Lenity shown to the Conspirators
Dartmouth
Turner; Penn
Death of George Fox; his Character
Interview between Penn and Sidney
Preston pardoned
Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons
The vacant Sees filled
Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury
Conduct of Sancroft
Difference between Sancroft and Ken
Hatred of Sancroft to the Established Church; he provides for the episcopal Succession among the Nonjurors
The new Bishops
Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's
Treachery of some of William's Servants
Russell
Godolphin
Marlborough
William returns to the Continent
The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders
The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland
State of the Part of Ireland which was subject to James
Dissensions among the Irish at Limerick
Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland
Arrival of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth
The English take the Field
Fall of Ballymore; Siege and Fall of Athlone
Retreat of the Irish Army
Saint Ruth determines to fight
Battle of Aghrim
Fall of Galway
Death of Tyrconnel
Second Siege of Limerick
The Irish desirous to capitulate
Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers
The Capitulation of Limerick
The Irish Troops required to make their Election between their Country and France
Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for France
Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert
The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France
State of Ireland after the War
CHAPTER XVIII
Opening of the Parliament
Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men
Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland
Debates on the East India Trade
Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
Plot formed by Marlborough against the Government of William
Marlborough's Plot disclosed by the Jacobites
Disgrace of Marlborough; Various Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace.
Rupture between Mary and Anne
Fuller's Plot
Close of the Session; Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected
Misterial Changes in England
Ministerial Changes in Scotland
State of the Highlands
Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel Clans
Glencoe
William goes to the Continent; Death of Louvois
The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England
James believes that the English Fleet is friendly to him
Conduct of Russell
A Daughter born to James
Preparations made in England to repel Invasion
James goes down to his Army at La Hogue
James's Declaration
Effect produced by James's Declaration
The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of the English Fleet
Battle of La Hogue
Rejoicings in England
Young's Plot
CHAPTER XIX
Foreign Policy of William
The Northern Powers
The Pope
Conduct of the Allies
The Emperor
Spain
William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition
New Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands
Lewis takes the Field
Siege of Namur
Lewis returns to Versailles
Luxemburg
Battle of Steinkirk
Conspiracy of Grandval
Return of William to England
Naval Maladministration
Earthquake at Port Royal
Distress in England; Increase of Crime
Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties
The King's Speech; Question of Privilege raised by the Lords
Debates on the State of the Nation
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
Case of Lord Mohun
Debates on the India Trade
Supply
Ways and Means; Land Tax
Origin of the National Debt
Parliamentary Reform
The Place Bill
The Triennial Bill
The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press
State of Ireland
The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill
Ministerial Arrangements
The King goes to Holland; a Session of Parliament in Scotland
CHAPTER XX
State of the Court of Saint Germains
Feeling of the Jacobites; Compounders and Noncompounders
Change of Ministry at Saint Germains; Middleton
New Declaration put forth by James
Effect of the new Declaration
French Preparations for the Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis
Middleton's Account of Versailles
William's Preparations for the Campaign
Lewis takes the Field
Lewis returns to Versailles
Manoeuvres of Luxemburg
Battle of Landen
Miscarriage of the Smyrna Fleet
Excitement in London
Jacobite Libels; William Anderton
Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites
Conduct of Caermarthen
Now Charter granted to the East India Company
Return of William to England; Military Successes of France
Distress of France
A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government
The First Ministry gradually formed
Sunderland
Sunderland advises the King to give the Preference to the Whigs
Reasons for preferring the Whigs
Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell
Somers
Montague
Wharton
Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley
Foley
Howe
Meeting of Parliament
Debates about the Naval Miscarriages
Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of Nottingham
Shrewsbury refuses Office
Debates about the Trade with India
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
Triennial Bill
Place Bill
Bill for the Naturalisation of Foreign Protestants
Supply
Ways and Means; Lottery Loan
The Bank of England
Prorogation of Parliament; Ministerial Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State
New Titles bestowed
French Plan of War; English Plan of War
Expedition against Brest
Naval Operations in the Mediterranean
War by Land
Complaints of Trenchard's Administration
The Lancashire Prosecutions
Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson
Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions
Place Bill
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; the Triennial Bill passed
Death of Mary
Funeral of Mary
Greenwich Hospital founded
CHAPTER XXI
Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent
Death of Luxemburg
Distress of William
Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of the Press
Death of Halifax
Parliamentary Inquiries into the Corruption of the Public Offices
Vote of Censure on the Speaker
Foley elected Speaker; Inquiry into the Accounts of the East India Company
Suspicious Dealings of Seymour
Bill against Sir Thomas Cook
Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons
Impeachment of Leeds
Disgrace of Leeds
Lords Justices appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne
Jacobite Plots against William's Person
Charnock; Porter
Goodman; Parkyns
Fenwick
Session of the Scottish Parliament; Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe
War in the Netherlands; Marshal Villeroy
The Duke of Maine
Jacobite Plots against the Government during William's Absence
Siege of Namur
Surrender of the Town of Namur
Surrender of the Castle of Namur
Arrest of Boufflers
Effect of the Emancipation of the English Press
Return of William to England; Dissolution of the Parliament
William makes a Progress through the Country
The Elections
Alarming State of the Currency
Meeting of the Parliament; Loyalty of the House of Commons
Controversy touching the Currency
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency
Passing of the Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland
Two Jacobite Plots formed
Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot; Sir George Barclay
Failure of Berwick's Plot
Detection of the Assassination Plot
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Assassination Plot
State of Public Feeling
Trial of Charnock, King and Keyes
Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes
Trial of Friend
Trial of Parkyns
Execution of Friend and Parkyns
Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick
The Association
Bill for the Regulation of Elections
Act establishing a Land Bank
CHAPTER XXII
Military Operations in the Netherlands
Commercial Crisis in England
Financial Crisis
Efforts to restore the Currency
Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct
Negotiations with France; the Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition
Search for Jacobite Conspirators in England; Sir John Fenwick
Capture of Fenwick
Fenwick's Confession
Return of William to England
Meeting of Parliament; State of the Country; Speech of William at the Commencement of the Session
Resolutions of the House of Commons
Return of Prosperity
Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign Governments
Restoration of the Finances
Effects of Fenwick's Confession
Resignation of Godolphin
Feeling of the Whigs about Fenwick
William examines Fenwick
Disappearance of Goodman
Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession
Bill for attainting Fenwick
Debates of the Commons on the Bill of Attainder
The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords
Artifices of Monmouth
Debates of the Lords on the Bill of Attainder
Proceedings against Monmouth
Position and Feelings of Shrewsbury
The Bill of Attainder passed; Attempts to save Fenwick
Fenwick's Execution; Bill for the Regulating of Elections
Bill for the Regulation of the Press
Bill abolishing the Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy
Close of the Session; Promotions and Appointments
State of Ireland
State of Scotland
A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the Settling of Schools
Case of Thomas Aikenhead
Military Operations in the Netherlands
Terms of Peace offered by France
Conduct of Spain; Conduct of the Emperor
Congress of Ryswick
William opens a distinct Negotiation
Meetings of Portland and Boufflers
Terms of Peace between France and England settled
Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor
Attempts of James to prevent a general Pacification
The Treaty of Ryswick signed; Anxiety in England
News of the Peace arrives in England
Dismay of the Jacobites
General Rejoicing
The King's Entry into London
The Thanksgiving Day
CHAPTER XVII
William's Voyage to Holland--William's Entrance into the Hague--Congress
at the Hague--William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs--William
obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature of
Coalitions--Siege and Fall of Mons--William returns to England; Trials
of Preston and Ashton--Execution of Ashton--Preston's Irresolution
and Confessions--Lenity shown to the Conspirators--Dartmouth--Turner;
Penn--Death of George Fox; his Character--Interview between Penn and
Sidney--Preston pardoned--Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons--The
vacant Sees filled--Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury--Conduct of
Sancroft--Difference between Sancroft and Ken--Hatred of Sancroft to the
Established Church; he provides for the episcopal Succession among the
Nonjurors--The new Bishops--Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's--Treachery
of some of William's Servants--Russell--Godolphin--Marlborough--William
returns to the Continent--The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders--The War
in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland--State of the Part
of Ireland which was subject to James--Dissensions among the Irish at
Limerick--Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland--Arrival of a French Fleet at
Limerick; Saint Ruth--The English take the Field--Fall of Ballymore;
Siege and Fall of Athlone--Retreat of the Irish Army--Saint Ruth
determines to fight--Battle of Aghrim--Fall of Galway--Death
of Tyrconnel--Second Siege of Limerick--The Irish desirous to
capitulate--Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers--The
Capitulation of Limerick--The Irish Troops required to make their
Election between their Country and France--Most of the Irish Troops
volunteer for France--Many of the Irish who had volunteered for
France desert--The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for
France--State of Ireland after the War
ON the eighteenth of January 1691, the King, having been detained some
days by adverse winds, went on board at Gravesend. Four yachts had
been fitted up for him and for his retinue. Among his attendants were
Norfolk, Ormond, Devonshire, Dorset, Portland, Monmouth, Zulestein, and
the Bishop of London. Two distinguished admirals, Cloudesley Shovel
and George Rooke, commanded the men of war which formed the convoy. The
passage was tedious and disagreeable. During many hours the fleet was
becalmed off the Godwin Sands; and it was not till the fifth day that
the soundings proved the coast of Holland to be near. The sea fog was
so thick that no land could be seen; and it was not thought safe for
the ships to proceed further in the darkness. William, tired out by the
voyage, and impatient to be once more in his beloved country, determined
to land in an open boat. The noblemen who were in his train tried to
dissuade him from risking so valuable a life; but, when they found that
his mind was made up, they insisted on sharing the danger. That danger
proved more serious than they had expected. It had been supposed that
in an hour the party would be on shore. But great masses of floating
ice impeded the progress of the skiff; the night came on; the fog grew
thicker; the waves broke over the King and the courtiers. Once the
keel struck on a sand bank, and was with great difficulty got off. The
hardiest mariners showed some signs of uneasiness. But William, through
the whole night, was as composed as if he had been in the drawingroom at
Kensington. "For shame," he said to one of the dismayed sailors "are
you afraid to die in my company? " A bold Dutch seaman ventured to spring
out, and, with great difficulty, swam and scrambled through breakers,
ice and mud, to firm ground.
[Footnote 766: Balcarras. ]
[Footnote 767: Faithful Contendings Displayed; Case of the present
Afflicted Episcopal Clergy in Scotland, 1690. ]
[Footnote 768: Act. Parl. April 25. 1690. ]
[Footnote 769: See the Humble Address of the Presbyterian Ministers and
Professors of the Church of Scotland to His Grace His Majesty's High
Commissioner and to the Right Honourable the Estates of Parliament. ]
[Footnote 770: See the Account of the late Establishment of Presbyterian
Government by the Parliament of Scotland, Anno 1690. This is an
Episcopalian narrative. Act. Parl. May 26. 1690. ]
[Footnote 771: Act. Parl. June 7. 1690. ]
[Footnote 772: An Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian General
Assembly in a Letter from a Person in Edinburgh to his Friend in London
licensed April 20. 1691. ]
[Footnote 773: Account of the late Establishment of the Presbyterian
Government by the Parliament of Scotland, 1690. ]
[Footnote 774: Act. Parl. July 4. 1690. ]
[Footnote 775: Act. Parl. July 19 1690; Lockhart to Melville, April 29.
1690. ]
[Footnote 776: Balcarras; Confession of Annandale in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 777: Balcarras; Notes of Ross's Confession in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 778: Balcarras; Mary's account of her interview with
Montgomery, printed among the Leven and Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 779: Compare Balcarras with Burnett, ii. 62. The pamphlet
entitled Great Britain's Just Complaint is a good specimen of
Montgomery's manner. ]
[Footnote 780: Balcarras; Annandale's Confession. ]
[Footnote 781: Burnett, ii. 62, Lockhart to Melville, Aug. 30. 1690 and
Crawford to Melville, Dec. 11. 1690 in the Leven and Melville Papers;
Neville Payne's letter of Dec 3 1692, printed in 1693. ]
[Footnote 782: Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian General
Assembly, 1691; The Presbyterian Inquisition as it was lately practised
against the Professors of the College of Edinburgh, 1691. ]
[Footnote 783: One of the most curious of the many curious papers
written by the Covenanters of that generation is entitled, "Nathaniel,
or the Dying Testimony of John Matthieson in Closeburn. " Matthieson did
not die till 1709, but his Testimony was written some years earlier,
when he was in expectation of death. "And now," he says, "I as a dying
man, would in a few words tell you that are to live behind my thoughts
as to the times. When I saw, or rather heard, the Prince and Princess of
Orange being set up as they were, and his pardoning all the murderers
of the saints and receiving all the bloody beasts, soldiers, and
others, all these officers of their state and army, and all the bloody
counsellors, civil and ecclesiastic; and his letting slip that son of
Belial, his father in law, who, both by all the laws of God and man,
ought to have died, I knew he would do no good to the cause and work of
God. "]
[Footnote 784: See the Dying Testimony of Mr. Robert Smith, Student of
Divinity, who lived in Douglas Town, in the Shire of Clydesdale, who
died about two o'clock in the Sabbath morning, Dec. 13. 1724, aged 58
years; and the Dying Testimony of William Wilson, sometime Schoolmaster
of Park in the Parish of Douglas, aged 68, who died May 7. 1757. ]
[Footnote 785: See the Dying Testimony of William Wilson, mentioned
in the last note. It ought to be remarked that, on the subject of
witchcraft, the Divines of the Associate Presbytery were as absurd as
this poor crazy Dominie. See their Act, Declaration, and Testimony,
published in 1773 by Adam Gib. ]
[Footnote 786: In the year 1791, Thomas Henderson of Paisley wrote,
in defence of some separatists who called themselves the Reformed
Presbytery, against a writer who had charged them with "disowning the
present excellent sovereign as the lawful King of Great Britain. " "The
Reformed Presbytery and their connections," says Mr. Henderson, "have
not been much accustomed to give flattering titles to princes. ". . . . .
"However, they entertain no resentment against the person of the
present occupant, nor any of the good qualities which he possesses. They
sincerely wish that he were more excellent than external royalty can
make him, that he were adorned with the image of Christ," &c. , &c. ,
&c. "But they can by no means acknowledge him, nor any of the episcopal
persuasion, to be a lawful king over these covenanted lands. "]
[Footnote 787: An enthusiast, named George Calderwood, in his preface to
a Collection of Dying Testimonies, published in 1806, accuses even the
Reformed Presbytery of scandalous compliances. "As for the Reformed
Presbytery," he says, "though they profess to own the martyr's testimony
in hairs and hoofs, yet they have now adopted so many new distinctions,
and given up their old ones, that they have made it so evident that it
is neither the martyr's testimony nor yet the one that that Presbytery
adopted at first that they are now maintaining. When the Reformed
Presbytery was in its infancy, and had some appearance of honesty and
faithfulness among them, they were blamed by all the other parties for
using of distinctions that no man could justify, i. e. they would not
admit into their communion those that paid the land tax or subscribed
tacks to do so; but now they can admit into their communions both rulers
and members who voluntarily pay all taxes and subscribe tacks. ". . . . "It
shall be only referred to government's books, since the commencement of
the French war, how many of their own members have accepted of places of
trust, to be at government's call, such as bearers of arms, driving of
cattle, stopping of ways, &c. ; and what is all their license for trading
by sea or land but a serving under government? "]
[Footnote 788: The King to Melville, May 22. 1690, in the Leven and
Melville Papers. ]
[Footnote 789: Account of the Establishment of Presbyterian Government. ]
[Footnote 790: Carmichael's good qualities are fully admitted by the
Episcopalians. See the Historical Relation of the late Presbyterian
General Assembly and the Presbyterian Inquisition. ]
[Footnote 791: See, in the Leven and Melville Papers, Melville's Letters
written from London at this time to Crawford, Rule, Williamson, and
other vehement Presbyterians. He says: "The clergy that were put out,
and come up, make a great clamour: many here encourage and rejoyce at
it. . . . There is nothing now but the greatest sobrietie and moderation
imaginable to be used, unless we will hazard the overturning of all; and
take this as earnest, and not as imaginations and fears only. "]
[Footnote 792: Principal Acts of the General Assembly of the Church of
Scotland held in and begun at Edinburgh the 16th day of October, 1690;
Edinburgh, 1691. ]
[Footnote 793: Monthly Mercuries; London Gazettes of November 3. and 6.
1690. ]
[Footnote 794: Van Citters to the States General, Oct. 3/13 1690. ]
[Footnote 795: Lords' Journals, Oct. 6. 1690; Commons' Journals, Oct.
8. ]
[Footnote 796: I am not aware that this lampoon has ever been printed.
I have seen it only in two contemporary manuscripts. It is entitled The
Opening of the Session, 1690. ]
[Footnote 797: Commons' Journals, Oct. 9, 10 13, 14. 1690. ]
[Footnote 798: Commons' Journals of December, 1690, particularly of Dec.
26. Stat. 2 W. & M. sess 2. C. 11. ]
[Footnote 799: Stat. 2 W. and M. sess. 2. c. I. 3, 4. ]
[Footnote 800: Burnet, ii. 67. See the journals of both Houses,
particularly the Commons' Journals of the 10th of December and the
Lords' Journals of the 30th of December and the 1st of January. The bill
itself will be found in the archives of the House of Lords. ]
[Footnote 801: Lords' Journals, Oct. 30. 1690. The numbers are never
given in the Lords' Journals. That the majority was only two is asserted
by Ralph, who had, I suppose, some authority which I have not been able
to find. ]
[Footnote 802: Van Citters to the States General, Nov. 14/24 1690. The
Earl of Torrington's speech to the House of Commons, 1710. ]
[Footnote 803: Burnet, ii. 67, 68. ; Van Citters to the States General,
Nov. 22/Dec 1 1690; An impartial Account of some remarkable Passages
in the Life of Arthur, Earl of Torrington, together with some modest
Remarks on the Trial and Acquitment, 1691; Reasons for the Trial of the
Earl of Torrington by Impeachment, 1690; The Parable of the Bearbaiting,
1690; The Earl of Torrington's Speech to the House of Commons, 1710.
That Torrington was coldly received by the peers I learned from an
article in the Noticias Ordinarias of February 6 1691, Madrid. ]
[Footnote 804: In one Whig lampoon of this year are these lines,
"David, we thought, succeeded Saul,
When William rose on James's fall;
But now King Thomas governs all. "
In another are these lines:
"When Charles did seem to fill the throne,
This tyrant Tom made England groan. "
A third says:
"Yorkshire Tom was rais'd to honour,
For what cause no creature knew;
He was false to the royal donor
And will be the same to you. "]
[Footnote 805: A Whig poet compares the two Marquesses, as they were
often called, and gives George the preference over Thomas. ]
"If a Marquess needs must steer us,
Take a better in his stead,
Who will in your absence cheer us,
And has far a wiser head. "]
[Footnote 806: "A thin, illnatured ghost that haunts the King. "]
[Footnote 807:
"Let him with his blue riband be
Tied close up to the gallows tree
For my lady a cart; and I'd contrive it,
Her dancing son and heir should drive it. "]
[Footnote 808: As to the designs of the Whigs against Caermarthen,
see Burnet, ii. 68, 69, and a very significant protest in the Lords'
journals, October 30. 1690. As to the relations between Caermarthen and
Godolphin, see Godolphin's letter to William, dated March 20. 1691, in
Dalrymple. ]
[Footnote 809: My account of this conspiracy is chiefly taken from the
evidence, oral and documentary, which was produced on the trial of the
conspirators. See also Burnet, ii. 69, 70. , and the Life of James, ii.
441. Narcissus Luttrell remarks that no Roman Catholic appeared to have
been admitted to the consultations of the conspirators. ]
[Footnote 810: The genuineness of these letters was once contested on
very frivolous grounds. But the letter of Turner to Sancroft, which is
among the Tanner papers in the Bodleian Library, and which will be found
in the Life of Ken by a Layman, must convince the most incredulous. ]
[Footnote 811: The words are these: "The Modest inquiry--The Bishops'
Answer--Not the chilling of them--But the satisfying of friends. " The
Modest Inquiry was the pamphlet which hinted at Dewitting. ]
[Footnote 812: Lords' and Commons' Journals Jan 5 1690/1; London
Gazette, Jan 8]
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The Project Gutenberg EBook of The History of England from the Accession
of James II. , by Thomas Babington Macaulay
This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or
re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included
with this eBook or online at www. gutenberg. org
Title: The History of England from the Accession of James II.
Volume 4 (of 5)
Author: Thomas Babington Macaulay
Posting Date: June 23, 2008 [EBook #2613]
Release Date: May, 2001
Language: English
*** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK HISTORY OF ENGLAND ***
Produced by Martin Adamson
THE HISTORY OF ENGLAND FROM THE ACCESSION OF JAMES THE SECOND
VOLUME IV
(Chapters XVIII-XXII)
by Thomas Babington Macaulay
CONTENTS:
CHAPTER XVII
William's Voyage to Holland
William's Entrance into the Hague
Congress at the Hague
William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs
William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature of Coalitions
Siege and Fall of Mons
William returns to England; Trials of Preston and Ashton
Execution of Ashton
Preston's Irresolution and Confessions
Lenity shown to the Conspirators
Dartmouth
Turner; Penn
Death of George Fox; his Character
Interview between Penn and Sidney
Preston pardoned
Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons
The vacant Sees filled
Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury
Conduct of Sancroft
Difference between Sancroft and Ken
Hatred of Sancroft to the Established Church; he provides for the episcopal Succession among the Nonjurors
The new Bishops
Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's
Treachery of some of William's Servants
Russell
Godolphin
Marlborough
William returns to the Continent
The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders
The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland
State of the Part of Ireland which was subject to James
Dissensions among the Irish at Limerick
Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland
Arrival of a French Fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth
The English take the Field
Fall of Ballymore; Siege and Fall of Athlone
Retreat of the Irish Army
Saint Ruth determines to fight
Battle of Aghrim
Fall of Galway
Death of Tyrconnel
Second Siege of Limerick
The Irish desirous to capitulate
Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers
The Capitulation of Limerick
The Irish Troops required to make their Election between their Country and France
Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for France
Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert
The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for France
State of Ireland after the War
CHAPTER XVIII
Opening of the Parliament
Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men
Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland
Debates on the East India Trade
Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
Plot formed by Marlborough against the Government of William
Marlborough's Plot disclosed by the Jacobites
Disgrace of Marlborough; Various Reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace.
Rupture between Mary and Anne
Fuller's Plot
Close of the Session; Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected
Misterial Changes in England
Ministerial Changes in Scotland
State of the Highlands
Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel Clans
Glencoe
William goes to the Continent; Death of Louvois
The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England
James believes that the English Fleet is friendly to him
Conduct of Russell
A Daughter born to James
Preparations made in England to repel Invasion
James goes down to his Army at La Hogue
James's Declaration
Effect produced by James's Declaration
The English and Dutch Fleets join; Temper of the English Fleet
Battle of La Hogue
Rejoicings in England
Young's Plot
CHAPTER XIX
Foreign Policy of William
The Northern Powers
The Pope
Conduct of the Allies
The Emperor
Spain
William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition
New Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands
Lewis takes the Field
Siege of Namur
Lewis returns to Versailles
Luxemburg
Battle of Steinkirk
Conspiracy of Grandval
Return of William to England
Naval Maladministration
Earthquake at Port Royal
Distress in England; Increase of Crime
Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties
The King's Speech; Question of Privilege raised by the Lords
Debates on the State of the Nation
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
Case of Lord Mohun
Debates on the India Trade
Supply
Ways and Means; Land Tax
Origin of the National Debt
Parliamentary Reform
The Place Bill
The Triennial Bill
The First Parliamentary Discussion on the Liberty of the Press
State of Ireland
The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill
Ministerial Arrangements
The King goes to Holland; a Session of Parliament in Scotland
CHAPTER XX
State of the Court of Saint Germains
Feeling of the Jacobites; Compounders and Noncompounders
Change of Ministry at Saint Germains; Middleton
New Declaration put forth by James
Effect of the new Declaration
French Preparations for the Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis
Middleton's Account of Versailles
William's Preparations for the Campaign
Lewis takes the Field
Lewis returns to Versailles
Manoeuvres of Luxemburg
Battle of Landen
Miscarriage of the Smyrna Fleet
Excitement in London
Jacobite Libels; William Anderton
Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites
Conduct of Caermarthen
Now Charter granted to the East India Company
Return of William to England; Military Successes of France
Distress of France
A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government
The First Ministry gradually formed
Sunderland
Sunderland advises the King to give the Preference to the Whigs
Reasons for preferring the Whigs
Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell
Somers
Montague
Wharton
Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley
Foley
Howe
Meeting of Parliament
Debates about the Naval Miscarriages
Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of Nottingham
Shrewsbury refuses Office
Debates about the Trade with India
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason
Triennial Bill
Place Bill
Bill for the Naturalisation of Foreign Protestants
Supply
Ways and Means; Lottery Loan
The Bank of England
Prorogation of Parliament; Ministerial Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State
New Titles bestowed
French Plan of War; English Plan of War
Expedition against Brest
Naval Operations in the Mediterranean
War by Land
Complaints of Trenchard's Administration
The Lancashire Prosecutions
Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson
Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions
Place Bill
Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; the Triennial Bill passed
Death of Mary
Funeral of Mary
Greenwich Hospital founded
CHAPTER XXI
Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent
Death of Luxemburg
Distress of William
Parliamentary Proceedings; Emancipation of the Press
Death of Halifax
Parliamentary Inquiries into the Corruption of the Public Offices
Vote of Censure on the Speaker
Foley elected Speaker; Inquiry into the Accounts of the East India Company
Suspicious Dealings of Seymour
Bill against Sir Thomas Cook
Inquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons
Impeachment of Leeds
Disgrace of Leeds
Lords Justices appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne
Jacobite Plots against William's Person
Charnock; Porter
Goodman; Parkyns
Fenwick
Session of the Scottish Parliament; Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe
War in the Netherlands; Marshal Villeroy
The Duke of Maine
Jacobite Plots against the Government during William's Absence
Siege of Namur
Surrender of the Town of Namur
Surrender of the Castle of Namur
Arrest of Boufflers
Effect of the Emancipation of the English Press
Return of William to England; Dissolution of the Parliament
William makes a Progress through the Country
The Elections
Alarming State of the Currency
Meeting of the Parliament; Loyalty of the House of Commons
Controversy touching the Currency
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency
Passing of the Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland
Two Jacobite Plots formed
Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot; Sir George Barclay
Failure of Berwick's Plot
Detection of the Assassination Plot
Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Assassination Plot
State of Public Feeling
Trial of Charnock, King and Keyes
Execution of Charnock, King and Keyes
Trial of Friend
Trial of Parkyns
Execution of Friend and Parkyns
Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne and Lowick
The Association
Bill for the Regulation of Elections
Act establishing a Land Bank
CHAPTER XXII
Military Operations in the Netherlands
Commercial Crisis in England
Financial Crisis
Efforts to restore the Currency
Distress of the People; their Temper and Conduct
Negotiations with France; the Duke of Savoy deserts the Coalition
Search for Jacobite Conspirators in England; Sir John Fenwick
Capture of Fenwick
Fenwick's Confession
Return of William to England
Meeting of Parliament; State of the Country; Speech of William at the Commencement of the Session
Resolutions of the House of Commons
Return of Prosperity
Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign Governments
Restoration of the Finances
Effects of Fenwick's Confession
Resignation of Godolphin
Feeling of the Whigs about Fenwick
William examines Fenwick
Disappearance of Goodman
Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession
Bill for attainting Fenwick
Debates of the Commons on the Bill of Attainder
The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords
Artifices of Monmouth
Debates of the Lords on the Bill of Attainder
Proceedings against Monmouth
Position and Feelings of Shrewsbury
The Bill of Attainder passed; Attempts to save Fenwick
Fenwick's Execution; Bill for the Regulating of Elections
Bill for the Regulation of the Press
Bill abolishing the Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy
Close of the Session; Promotions and Appointments
State of Ireland
State of Scotland
A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the Settling of Schools
Case of Thomas Aikenhead
Military Operations in the Netherlands
Terms of Peace offered by France
Conduct of Spain; Conduct of the Emperor
Congress of Ryswick
William opens a distinct Negotiation
Meetings of Portland and Boufflers
Terms of Peace between France and England settled
Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor
Attempts of James to prevent a general Pacification
The Treaty of Ryswick signed; Anxiety in England
News of the Peace arrives in England
Dismay of the Jacobites
General Rejoicing
The King's Entry into London
The Thanksgiving Day
CHAPTER XVII
William's Voyage to Holland--William's Entrance into the Hague--Congress
at the Hague--William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs--William
obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses; Vices inherent in the Nature of
Coalitions--Siege and Fall of Mons--William returns to England; Trials
of Preston and Ashton--Execution of Ashton--Preston's Irresolution
and Confessions--Lenity shown to the Conspirators--Dartmouth--Turner;
Penn--Death of George Fox; his Character--Interview between Penn and
Sidney--Preston pardoned--Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons--The
vacant Sees filled--Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury--Conduct of
Sancroft--Difference between Sancroft and Ken--Hatred of Sancroft to the
Established Church; he provides for the episcopal Succession among the
Nonjurors--The new Bishops--Sherlock Dean of Saint Paul's--Treachery
of some of William's Servants--Russell--Godolphin--Marlborough--William
returns to the Continent--The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders--The War
in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland--State of the Part
of Ireland which was subject to James--Dissensions among the Irish at
Limerick--Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland--Arrival of a French Fleet at
Limerick; Saint Ruth--The English take the Field--Fall of Ballymore;
Siege and Fall of Athlone--Retreat of the Irish Army--Saint Ruth
determines to fight--Battle of Aghrim--Fall of Galway--Death
of Tyrconnel--Second Siege of Limerick--The Irish desirous to
capitulate--Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers--The
Capitulation of Limerick--The Irish Troops required to make their
Election between their Country and France--Most of the Irish Troops
volunteer for France--Many of the Irish who had volunteered for
France desert--The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork for
France--State of Ireland after the War
ON the eighteenth of January 1691, the King, having been detained some
days by adverse winds, went on board at Gravesend. Four yachts had
been fitted up for him and for his retinue. Among his attendants were
Norfolk, Ormond, Devonshire, Dorset, Portland, Monmouth, Zulestein, and
the Bishop of London. Two distinguished admirals, Cloudesley Shovel
and George Rooke, commanded the men of war which formed the convoy. The
passage was tedious and disagreeable. During many hours the fleet was
becalmed off the Godwin Sands; and it was not till the fifth day that
the soundings proved the coast of Holland to be near. The sea fog was
so thick that no land could be seen; and it was not thought safe for
the ships to proceed further in the darkness. William, tired out by the
voyage, and impatient to be once more in his beloved country, determined
to land in an open boat. The noblemen who were in his train tried to
dissuade him from risking so valuable a life; but, when they found that
his mind was made up, they insisted on sharing the danger. That danger
proved more serious than they had expected. It had been supposed that
in an hour the party would be on shore. But great masses of floating
ice impeded the progress of the skiff; the night came on; the fog grew
thicker; the waves broke over the King and the courtiers. Once the
keel struck on a sand bank, and was with great difficulty got off. The
hardiest mariners showed some signs of uneasiness. But William, through
the whole night, was as composed as if he had been in the drawingroom at
Kensington. "For shame," he said to one of the dismayed sailors "are
you afraid to die in my company? " A bold Dutch seaman ventured to spring
out, and, with great difficulty, swam and scrambled through breakers,
ice and mud, to firm ground.
