One
volume was translated into English by A.
volume was translated into English by A.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
He was the subject of Hake's
poem (The Blind Boy,' and of Mrs. Craik's
(Philip, My King. He wrote: (Song-Tide,
etc. (1871); (A Last Harvest) (1881); (Wind
Voices) (1883); etc. His Collected Poems,
edited by Louise Chandler Moulton, appeared
in 1892.
Martel de Janville, Gabrielle de, Countess
(mär-tel' dè zhon-vēl'). (“Gyp. ”] A popular
French novelist; born at the Château de Koetsal,
Morbihan, about 1850. She is the creator of
several new types, among them Paulette, Lou-
lou, Bob, etc. ; and has been a prolific writer.
Among her numerous works are : (About Mar.
riage (1883), dramatized the same year; (About
Divorce) (1886); Conjugal Joys) (1887); (Miss
Eve) (1889); (The Duke) (1892); (The Duch-
ess) (1893); etc.
Martial - Marcus Valerius Martialis (mär'.
shal). A famous Latin poet; born at Bilbilis,
Spain, 50 (? ) A. D. ; died in Spain about 102 (? ).
He spent most of his life at Rome, where he
enjoyed the favor of the emperors Titus and
Domitian. His fame rests upon his 'Epigrams,
in fifteen books; they are witty and marked by
great felicity of form and expression, but are
often sensual and marred by flattery of the
great. A late edition, with notes and indices
by Friedländer (2 vols. ), appeared at Leipzig
in 1886. *
Martin, Arthur Patchett. An Australian
poet and journalist; born at Woolwich, Eng.
land, 1851. He was one of the founders of
the Melbourne Review, and its editor for six
years.
He has written in verse : A Sweet
Girl Graduate); (An Easter Omelette) (1878);
in both verse and prose (Fernshawe) (1881;
2d ed. London, 1885); etc.
Martin, Bon Louis Henri (mär-tan'). One
of the most eminent of French historians; born
at St. Quentin, Aisne, Feb. 20, 1810; died in
Paris, Dec. 14, 1883. He studied law originally;
became a senator in 1876, and member of the
Academy in 1878. His great work, the (His-
tory of France,' in 16 volumes, appeared in
1855-60; the ‘Popular History of France) in
1867-75; and the continuation bringing the
account down to the present day, “History of
Modern France from 1789, 1878-85. He wrote
besides : France, her Genius and her Destinies)
(1847); Italian Unity) (1865); the heroic drama
(Vercingetorix) (1865); Russia in Europe
(1866); etc.
## p. 371 (#387) ############################################
MARTIN – MARZIALS
371
Martin, Edward Sanford. An American
journalist of New York city; born at “Wil-
lowbrook, Owasco Lake, N. Y. , in 1856. He
is author of "Sly Ballades in Harvard China);
(A Little Brother of the Rich, and Other Poems)
(1888); and “Windfalls of Observation.
Martin, Theodore, Sir. An English poet,
translator, and biographer; born at Edinburgh,
1816. He became a solicitor in London in
1846; married the actress Helen Faucit in 1851;
was elected rector of the University of St. An-
drews in 1880. He first became known as an
author in London under the pen-name “Bon
Gaultier”); and jointly with W. E. Aytoun pub-
lished the famous Book of Ballads) about
1858, also under that pseudonym. He has made
many excellent translations from Horace and
Catullus, from Dante, from Goethe, Schiller, and
Heine, and from mediæval ballads, epigrams,
etc. Upon the completion of the Life of the
Prince Consort) (5 vols. , 1874-80), he was
knighted. He also wrote (Life of the Princess
Alice) (1883); and other biographies.
Martin, William Alexander Parsons. A
distinguished American Presbyterian mission.
ary and educator; born at Livonia, Ind. , April
10, 1827. A missionary originally at Ningpo,
China (1850-60), he founded and directed the
Presbyterian mission at Pekin, 1863-68; be-
came professor of international law at Tung-
wên College, Pekin, in 1868; president in 1869;
was sent by China to the United States and
Europe to report on methods of education
in 1880-81; made mandarin of the third rank
in 1885. He has published in Chinese, (Evi-
dences of Christianity) (1855), (The Three
Principles) (1856), etc. ; in English, “The Chi-
nese, their Education, Philosophy, and Letters)
(1881); etc.
Martineau, Harriet (mär'ti-nő). An Eng-
lish reformer and miscellaneous writer, sister
of James; born at Norwich, June 12, 1802 ; died
at Ambleside, June 27, 1876. She visited this
country in 1834, aiding the abolitionists, and
traveled in Palestine and the East in 1846.
She wrote a series of stories based on political
economy (1832). Among her more important
works are : (Society in America' (1836); Deer.
brook) (1839), a novel; History of England
during the Thirty Years' Peace) (1848); (Phi-
losophy of Comte) (1853); (British Rule in
India' (1857); Biographical Sketches) (1869);
etc. She labored under the remarkable dis-
ability of being all her life without the senses
of taste and smell, and at 16 became very deaf.
Martineau, James. A distinguished English
Unitarian theologian; born at Norwich, April
21, 1805. He is now the most profound and
brilliant theological and religious writer on the
liberal side in England. He became profes-
sor of philosophy at Manchester New College,
London (1853). He has published : (Endeav-
ors after the Christian Life) (1843-47); Mis-
cellanies) (1852), edited by T. Starr King;
(Studies of Christianity) (1858); Essays, The-
ological and Philosophical' (2 vols. , 1866-68);
(Religion and Modern Materialism' (1874); (A
Study of Spinoza) (1882); (The Seat of Au-
thority in Religion (1890); Essays, Reviews,
and Addresses) (4 vols. , 1890-91); etc. *
Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco (mär-tē'.
neth đã lỡ rồ’sẵ). A distinguished Spanish
statesman, poet, dramatist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Granada, March 10, 1789; died
at Madrid, Feb. 7, 1862. His best works were
the tragedy (Edipus,' the drama (The Vene-
tian Conspiracy,' and the comedy (The Daugh-
ter at Home and the Mother at the Ball.
His novels Hernan Perez) and Isabel de
Solis, and his (Spirit of the Age, are slight.
Martyn, Sarah Towne. An American writer
of semi-historical fiction; born in Hopkinton,
N. H. , Aug. 15, 1805; died in New York, Nov.
22, 1879. Some of her books are : (Huguenots
of France) (1865);“Sibyl Grey' (1866);(Women
of the Bible ) (1868); (The Crescent and the
Cross) (1869); Dora's Mistake) (1870); and
(Hillside Cottage) (1872).
Martyn, William Carlos. An American
biographical and historical writer; born in New
York city, Dec. 15, 1841. He is a Presbyterian
divine in that city. In his works are included
(Life of John Milton); (Life of Martin Luther);
(History of the Huguenots) (1866); History of
the Pilgrim Fathers of New England (1867);
and (The Dutch Reformation (1868).
Marvel, Ik. See Mitchell.
Marvell, Andrew. An English poet and
satirist ; born at Winestead, Yorkshire, March
31, 1621; died in London, Aug. 18, 1678. He
was Milton's friend, and his assistant in the
Latin secretaryship to the Commonwealth (1657).
He was called “the British Aristides. ) He
is best known by his Poems on Affairs of
State) (1689), a collection of satires on Charles
II. and the Stuarts; though often coarse, they
abound in lofty and generous sentiments. Of
his other writings, the best are the (Horatian
Ode on Cromwell's Return from Ireland' (1776);
(The Rehearsal Transposed! (1672–73); the
single poem “The Nymph Complaining”; etc. *
Mary, Karl (märks). A famous German so-
cialist; born at Treves, May 5, 1818; died in
London, March 14, 1883. He studied jurispru-
dence, philosophy, and history, at Bonn and
Berlin; edited the Journal of the Rhine, 1842–
43; on its suppression went to Paris, but was
expelled from there (1845), and took refuge at
Brussels; founded the New Journal of the
Rhine at Cologne (1848); expelled again from
Prussia (1849), settled in London. He was the
controlling spirit of the International, 1864-72.
His great work was Das Kapital (Capital :
1867; new ed. 1885). Vol. i. , containing all the
essential points of his theory, was translated
into English (London, 1887). The entire work,
issued under the editorship of Friedrich Engels,
appeared in an English translation in 1893.
Marzials, Théophile. An English poet, of
French parentage; born at Brussels, 1850. He
## p. 372 (#388) ############################################
MASALSKII
MASUDI
372
was educated in Belgium, Switzerland, and
England, and has been employed in the Brit-
ish Museum since 1870. He has published
(Gallery of Pigeons and Other Poems) (1873),
which has been highly praised. His best-known
piece is the song “Twickenham Ferry. '
Masalskiï, Konstantin Petrovich (mä-säl'.
ski-e). A Russian novelist and poet; born at
Jaroslav, 1802; died 1861. He was in the gov-
ernment service till 1842. His principal novels
were : (Terpi Kazak,' etc. (Have Patience, Cos-
sack, You will be Hetman : 1829); (The Black
Trunk); (Siege of Uglich); (The Russian
Icarus); (The First Love of the Last of a
Race); etc. (“Works,' 1843-45. )
Mason, Caroline Atherton (Briggs). An
American verse-writer; born in Marblehead,
Mass. , July 27, 1823; died in 1890. She pub-
lished (Utterance, a Collection of Home Poems)
(1852); and (Rose Hamilton, a story (1859).
Her poems (Do They Miss Me at Home ? ) and
(The King's Quest, are widely popular.
Mason, William. An English divine and
poet; born at Hull, Feb. 12, 1724; died at York,
April 7, 1797. He was the friend, executor, and
biographer of the poet Gray, and precentor and
canon of York. He wrote: (Elfrida) (1752),
and "Caractacus) (1759), two dramas; (The
English Garden) (1772-82), a poem ; (Memoirs
of Gray) (1775); etc. (“Works, 1811. )
Maspero, Gaston (mäs-pe-ro'). A distin-
guished French Egyptologist; born in Paris,
June 24, 1846. He became professor of Egyp-
tian archæology and philosophy at the Collège
de France in 1874; founded a school of Egyp-
tian archæology at Cairo, 1881. Among his
works are: (Popular Tales of Ancient Egypt
(1881); (Ancient History of the Peoples of
the Orient) (4th ed. 1886); (Egyptian Archæ-
ology) (1887); (Ancient History of the Peo-
ples of the Classical Orient) (1895); etc.
Massarani, Tullo (mäs-sä-rä'ne). An Italian
miscellaneous writer; born at Mantua, 1826.
A student of law originally, he was Member
of Parliament in 1860-67; then magistrate in
Milan. He has written political works, includ.
ing (The Italian Idea through the Ages' (1850);
the volumes of essays (Studies in Literature
and Art) (1873), (Studies in Politics and His-
tory) (1873), "Critical Essays) (2d ed. 1883);
(Legnano) (1876), a volume of long and short
stories ; (Talks and Rhymes) (2d ed. 1884);
etc. He is known also as a painter.
Massey, Gerald. An English poet ; born at
Tring, May 29, 1828. In youth he worked
in a silk-mill and as a straw-braider. He
founded and edited the Spirit of Freedom in
1849, and was secretary of the Christian So-
cialists. He lectured in this country in 1873.
He is a firm believer in spiritualism. The titles
of his works are: Ballad of Babe Christabel,
etc. (5th ed. 1855); “War Waits) (1855); (Have-
lock's March, etc. (1861); My Lyrical Life)
(18891; etc.
Massillon, Jean Baptiste (mä-se-yon'). A
famous French preacher ; born at Hyères,
June 24, 1663; died at Clermont, Sept. 18,
1742. He was director of the Seminary of St.
Magloire, Paris, in 1699; court preacher in 1699,
1701, and 1704; preached the funeral orations
on Conti in 1709, the Dauphin in 1711, and
Louis XIV. in 1715; became bishop of Cler-
mon: in 1717. His sermons are finished in
form, and deal with conduct more than dogma.
The funeral oration on Louis XIV. was trans-
lated into English (London, 1872); also selected
sermons (2 vols. , 1889-90). ((Works,' 4 vols. ,
Paris, 1886. ) *
Massinger, Philip. A noted English drama.
tist; born at Salisbury, 1583; died at the Bank-
side, Southwark, March 1640. Of 38 plays writ-
ten wholly or in part by him, he was the sole
author of 15. Among the best are: (The Duke
of Milan (1623); “The Fatal Dowry) (1632);
(A New Way to Pay Old Debts) (1633), which
still keeps the stage, the character of Sir Giles
Overreach being almost as familiar as one of
Shakespeare's; (A Very Woman) (1655); (A
City Madam' (1659); etc. He excelled in de-
picting tragic character and in lofty sentiment
without escaping from the limits of possible
life; but his verse is prosaic, and often halting
and unmelodious. *
Masson, Auguste Michel Benoît Gaudichot
(ma-sôn’). French novelist and dramatist;
born in Paris, 1800; died 1883. He wrote much
in collaboration. Among his works in fiction
are: (Tales of the Workshop' (1832–33); (A
Young Girl's Heart) (1834); (The Bundle of
Straw) (1861); (The Stubborn Wife) (1865).
He also wrote: (Reminiscences of a Child of
the People (1838–41), autobiographic; History
of Celebrities) (1838, many editions); the dramas
(The Devil in Love) (1836), Madame Favart)
(1837), (A Fixed Idea (1850), «The Orphans
of Notre Dame Bridge) (1849); etc.
Masson, David. A Scottish biographer,
essayist, and critic; born at Aberdeen, Dec. 2,
1822. He was professor of English at Univer-
sity College, London, 1852; later, for a num-
ber of years editor of Macmillan's Magazine;
professor of rhetoric and English literature at
the University of Edinburgh, 1865. His chief
work is "Life of Milton (6 vols. , 1858-79). He
wrote besides : Essays, Biographical and Crit-
ical (1856); (British Novelists) (1859); (The
Three Devils) (1874); etc.
Masudi or Al-Masudi (mä-sö'de). An Ara.
bic historian; born at Bagdad about the close
of the ninth century; died in Egypt, 957. He
has been called “the Arabian Herodotus.
His best work was (Meadows of Gold and
Mines of Gems) (many editions; the latest, text
with French translation, 9 vols. , Paris, 1861-77).
It abounds in information regarding his time,
the result of extensive travel, and is the most
celebrated of its kind in the language.
One
volume was translated into English by A.
Sprenger (1841).
## p. 373 (#389) ############################################
MATHER- MATURIN
373
He was banished in 1859; was deputy 1870
and 1873; governor of Atacama 1875–81. He
published in 1853 some short stories that were
severely criticized for their freedom of style.
His verses, chiefly lyric, are very popular.
(Poems, 2 vols. , Leipzig, about 1880. )
Matthew Paris. See Paris.
Mather, Cotton. A famous American cler-
gyman, son of Increase; born in Boston, Feb.
12, 1663; died there, Feb. 13, 1728. A prolific
writer of books. his (Magnalia) is probably
better known than any other of the nearly four
hundred volumes that he published. Mem-
orable Providences relating to Witchcraft and
Possessions) appeared in 1685.
Mather, Increase. A noted American Con-
gregational divine, educator, and scholar; born
at Dorchester, Mass. , June 21, 1639; died at
Boston, Aug. 23, 1723. Graduating from Har-
vard at 17, he went to England; graduated
from Trinity College, Dublin, at 19; settled in
England as a pastor, but at the Restoration
refused to conform and returned to Boston;
was president of Harvard 1685-1701 ; visited
England again to convey a vote of thanks to
James II. (1688). Of his ninety-two publica-
tions, one of the most curious was (An Essay
for the Recording of Illustrious Providences)
(1684; London, 1856). It is a collection of
remarkable happenings,- sea-deliverances, ac-
cidents, witchcraft, apparitions, etc.
Mathers, Helen Buckingham. See Reeves.
Mathews, Cornelius. An American novel-
ist, verse-writer, and dramatist; born in Port
Chester, N. Y. , Oct. 28, 1817; died in New York
city, March 25, 1889. His Poems on Man in
the Republic, and (Witchcraft, were com-
mended by Margaret Fuller in her essay on
(American Literature); Poe criticized him
sharply. Other works of his are: Behemoth :
a Legend of the Mound-Builders) (1839); (Pen-
and-Ink Panorama of New York City' (1853);
(False Pretences,' a comedy; and (Indian Fairy
Tales) (1868). In 1840, with Evert A. Duyck-
inck, he edited Arcturus, a monthly magazine.
Mathews, William. An American essayist;
born in Waterville, Me. , July 28, 1818; resigned
the professorship of rhetoric and English liter-
ature in the University of Chicago (1875) to
devote his time entirely to literary work. His
publications include: “Getting on in the World
(1872); «The Great Conversers, and Other Es-
says) (1873); (Literary Style, and Other Essays)
(1881); 'Wit and Humor, their Use and Abuse);
and Nugæ Litterariæ.
Mathieu, Adolphe Charles Ghislain (mä-
tyė'). A Belgian poet and journalist; born at
Mons, June 22, 1804; died near Brussels, June
13, 1876. He was curator of the public library
at Mons, 1840-45; assistant professor at the
University of Liège, 1849; chief librarian of
the Royal Library, 1864. He wrote: (Poems
of the Belfry) (2d ed. 1846); Roland de Lat.
tre) (2d ed. 1840); Mons and Brussels) (1852);
(Olla Podrida' (1828–29); (Memories) (1866);
(Clippings) (1863-71); the dramas (Two Wed-
dings for One) (1836), (D’Aubigné) (1854), etc. ;
(Mons Biographies’ (1848); the political works
(The Reveille of Liberty) and France and
Belgium.
Matta Guillermo (m a). Ahilian poli
tician and poem; born at Copiapó, Chili, 1829.
Matthew, Sir Tobie. An English courtier,
diplomat, and writer; born at Salisbury, 1577 ;
died 1655. He was famed for amiability, and
for a series of letters published posthumously
under the title (A Collection of Letters made
by Sr. Tobie Mat[t]hew, Kt. , with a Character
of the Most Excellent Lady Lucy) (1660).
Matthews, (James) Brander. An Ameri-
can critic and essayist; born in New Orleans,
La. , Feb. 21, 1852. He graduated from Colum-
bia College in 1871, and from Columbia Law
School in 1873, being admitted to the bar the
same year. He soon turned to literature, taking
especial interest in the drama, and made him-
self an authority upon French dramatic liter-
ature; has also written several clever comedies.
In fiction he has steadily gained in art and
reputation, his short studies of New York city
life in the realistic vein being among the very
best of their kind. He has also written a strong
novel of New York life, His Father's Son. '
He is one of the founders of the Authors' Club
of New York, and did valuable work in or-
ganizing the American Copyright League. Mr.
Matthews is a frequent and acceptable con-
tributor of essays and fiction to periodicals.
Of his many writings the following books are
the more important : (The Theatres of France);
(French Dramatists of the Ninteenth Century);
(Margery's Lovers, a Comedy); (The Last
Meeting, a Story); (The Secret of the Sea,
and Other Stories); A Family Tree, and Other
Stories ); (The Story of a Story); (Tom Paul-
ding'; (Studies of the Stage); (Americanisms
and Briticisms); Vignettes of Manhattan';
(Introduction to the Study of American Liter-
ature); (The Royal Marine); (Tales of Fan-
tasy and Fact); and (Outlines of Local Color. )
Maturin, Charles Robert (matíū-rin). An
Irish novelist; born at Dublin, 1782 ; died there,
Oct. 30, 1824. A clergyman of the Church of
England, he was noted for eloquence in the
pulpit and hostility to Roman Catholicism.
His best novel was (Melmoth the Wanderer)
(1820); others being (The Wild Irish Boy)
(1808), «The Milesian Chief) (1812), etc. His
tragedy (Bertram, thought by many to be his
best work, was produced by Edmund Kean at
Drury Lane in 1816.
Maturin, Edward. An American novelist;
born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1812; died in New
York city, May 25, 1881. In 1832 he came to
America with letters of introduction from
Thomas Moore and other literati. He wrote
Montezuma, the Last of the Aztecs : A Ro-
mance) (2 vols. , 1845); Benj the Jew
of Grenada: A Romance) (1848); (Lyrics of
)
## p. 374 (#390) ############################################
374
MAUDSLEY – MAY
(
Spain and Erin (1850); and (Bianca, a Tale
of Erin and Italy) (1852).
Maudsley, Henry. An English alienist;
born at Giggleswick, Yorkshire, Feb. 5, 1835.
He was professor of medical jurisprudence in
University College, London, 1869-79; and edi-
tor of the Journal of Mental Science, 1863-78.
He has published : Physiology and Pathology
of the Mind' (1867); (Responsibility in Mental
Disease) (1874); (Body and Will (1883); etc.
Maupassant, Guy de (mô-pi-sôn”). A French
novelist; born at the Château de Miromesnil
(Seine-Inférieure), Aug. 5, 1850 ; died in Paris,
July 6, 1893. He was for some time clerk at
the navy department, Paris. He published over
twenty volumes, among them the collections
of short stories (The Sisters Rondoli) (1884),
(Tales of Day and Night) (1885), "The Left
Hand) (1889); the novels Peter and John'
(1888), «Strong as Death) (1889), (Our Heart)
(1893); the books of travel (In the Sunshine)
(1884), “On the Water) (1888), (A Wandering
Life) (1890). Unsettled by the insanity and
death of a brother, he himself died in an asy-
lum. *
Maurice, Frederick Denison. A celebrated
English divine, and theological and philosoph-
ical writer; born near Low oft, Suffolk, Aug.
29, 1805; died in London, April 1, 1872. He
was professor at King's College, London, in
1840; assisted in founding Queen's College for
women, 1848; was principal of St. Martin's
Hall, a workingmen's college, 1854; professor
of moral philosophy at Cambridge University,
1866. Among his works are: “Theological
Essays) (1853); (Ancient Philosophy) (1850);
(Mediæval Philosophy) (1857); Modern Phi-
losophy) (1862); the novel (Eustace Conway)
(1834). He was known as a leader in the
< Broad Church and in the Christian Socialist
movement of his time. *
Maury, Matthew Fontaine. An American
naval officer, famous in science; born in Spott-
sylvania County, Va. , Jan. 14, 1806; died in
Lexington, Va. , Feb. I, 1873. His most distin-
guished work is (Physical Geography of the
Sea) (1855; revised ed. 1860); he was also au-
thor of treatises on navigation, astronomy, and
meteorology.
Mauthner, Fritz (mout'nėr). A German
novelist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Nov. 22,
1849. His home since 1876 has been in Berlin.
Among his works may be named: (After Fa-
mous Models) (27th ed. 1894; new series, 16th
ed. 1883), a collection of witty parodies; (The
Baroness's Sundays ) (3d ed. 1884); "The New
Ahasuerus ) ( 1882 ); (The Last German of
Blatna' (5th ed. 1890); "Hypatia) (2d ed. 1892);
(The Ghost-Seer) (1894), a humorous novel.
Mautner, Eduard. A German poet; born
at Pesth, Nov. 13, 1824; died at Baden, near
Vienna, July 2, 1889. He wrote: (The Prize
Comedy,' which took the prize offered by the
Hofburg Theatre in Vienna (1851), (Countess
Aurora) (1852), (A Stratagem (1878), comedies;
the plays (Eglantine) (1863) and (The Hour-
Glass) (1871); (Short Stories) (1858); (Poems)
(1847 and 1858); etc. (Select Poems' appeared
in 1889.
Max O'Rell. See Blouët, Paul.
Maxwell, Herbert Eustace, Sir. An Eng-
lish politician and miscellaneous writer; born
Jan. 8, 1845. He has been a Member of Parlia-
ment since 1880; was a lord of the treasury
1886-92, member of the Royal Commission
on the Aged Poor in 1893. He has written :
Passages in the Life of Sir Lucian Elphin
(1889), (The Art of Love) (1890), (The Letter
of the Law) (1891), all novels; (Meridiana :
Noontide Essays) (1892); etc.
Maxwell, Mary Elizabeth (Braddon). See
Braddon.
Maxwell, William Hamilton. An Irish
novelist ; born at Newry, County Down, 1792;
died at Musselburgh, near Edinburgh, Scotland,
Dec. 29, 1850. He may be called the father of
the military novel. After serving as an in-
fantry captain in the Peninsular War and at
Waterloo, he became rector of Ballagh. There
not being a single Protestant in his parish, he
devoted his ample leisure to field sports and
literature. Among his best works are : "O'Hara,
or 1798) (1825), a novel ; 'Sports of the West)
(1832); (Stories of Waterloo) (1834); "Life of
the Duke of Wellington (1839-41). He was
editor of the Military and Naval Almanac for
1840.
Maxwell, William Stirling, Sir. See Stir-
ling-Maxwell.
Maxwell Gray. See Tuttiett, Mary G.
May, Caroline. An American poet; born in
England about 1820; came to New York, 1834.
She was author of American Female Poets)
(1848); (Treasured Thoughts from Favorite
Authors) (1850); Poems) (1864); and Lays
of Memory and Affection.
May, Lyoff Aleksandrovich (mā). See Mei.
May, Samuel Joseph. A noted American
reformer; born at Boston, Sept. 12, 1797 ; died
at Syracuse, N. Y. , July 1, 1871. He was a Uni-
tarian minister, his longest settlement being at
Syracuse ( 1845-68 ). One of the first and
stanchest abolitionists, his best-known publi-
cation was (Recollections of the Anti-Slavery
Conflict) (1869).
May, Sophie. See Clarke.
May, Thomas. An English poet, dramatist,
and historian; born at Mayfield, Sussex, 1595;
died in London, Nov. 13, 1650. He was secre-
tary and historiographer to the Long Parlia-
ment. His chief work was (History of the
Long Parliament' (1647). He wrote also two
historical poems and five dramas, among the
latter the comedy (The Heir) (1620), and a
tragedy entitled Julius Cæsar. )
May, Thomas Erskine, Sir-Lord Farn-
borough An English writer on the consti-
tution and history of England, etc. ; born in
>
(
## p. 375 (#391) ############################################
MAYER - MAZÈRES
375
:
London, Feb. 8, 1815; died in Westminster Pal.
ace, May 17, 1886. He was called to the bar
in 1838, but the principal part of his life was
spent in the service of the House of Com-
mons as librarian and clerk. His principal
works are : "Constitutional History of Eng-
land' (3d ed. 1871), reprinted in this country,
and translated into French and German; and
(History of Democracy in Europe) (2 vols. ,
1877). Besides these he reduced to order for
the first time the (Rules, Orders, and Forms of
the House of Commons) (1854); published a
(Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings,
and Usage of Parliament) (1844), which be-
came a parliamentary text-book; etc.
Mayer, Alfred Marshall. An American
scientific writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Nov.
13, 1836. Besides his editorial work on the
American Journal of Science, and numerous
contributions to other journals, he has pub-
lished (The Earth a Great Magnet! (1872);
(Light) (1877); (Sound' (1878); and (Sport
with Gun and Rod in American Woods and
Waters) (1883).
Mayer, Brantz. An American journalist,
descriptive writer, and novelist; born at Balti-
more, Md. , Sept. 27, 1809; died there, Feb. 23,
1879. He was a lawyer by profession; became
editor of the Baltimore American; was attached
to the American legation in Mexico, 1841-42;
served in the Civil War. He wrote several
works on Mexico, including (Mexico: Aztec,
Spanish, and Republican) (2 vols. , 1853), his
best work; 'Captain Canot) (1854), a novel; etc.
Mayer, Karl (mi'er). A German poet and
biographer; born at Neckarbischofsheim, Wür-
temberg, March 22, 1786; died at Tübingen,
Feb. 25, 1870. A student of jurisprudence ori-
ginally, he held several important legal and
political positions in his native country. He
belonged to the “Suabian School of poets.
He wrote: Lenau's Letters to a Friend) (2d
ed. 1853); (Songs) (3d ed. 1864); (Uhland,
his Friends and Contemporaries) (2 vols. ,
1867); etc.
Mayhew, Henry. An English humorist; born
in London, Nov. 5, 1812; died July 25, 1887. He
founded the comic paper Figaro, in London;
assisted in founding Punch (1841), of which he
was for several years chief editor. He was a
frequent contributor to the magazines; wrote
several juveniles; and with his brothers Horace
and Augustus, wrote many popular humorous
novels, fairy-tales, and farces. His main work
was London Labor and the London Poor)
(new ed. 1868).
poem (The Blind Boy,' and of Mrs. Craik's
(Philip, My King. He wrote: (Song-Tide,
etc. (1871); (A Last Harvest) (1881); (Wind
Voices) (1883); etc. His Collected Poems,
edited by Louise Chandler Moulton, appeared
in 1892.
Martel de Janville, Gabrielle de, Countess
(mär-tel' dè zhon-vēl'). (“Gyp. ”] A popular
French novelist; born at the Château de Koetsal,
Morbihan, about 1850. She is the creator of
several new types, among them Paulette, Lou-
lou, Bob, etc. ; and has been a prolific writer.
Among her numerous works are : (About Mar.
riage (1883), dramatized the same year; (About
Divorce) (1886); Conjugal Joys) (1887); (Miss
Eve) (1889); (The Duke) (1892); (The Duch-
ess) (1893); etc.
Martial - Marcus Valerius Martialis (mär'.
shal). A famous Latin poet; born at Bilbilis,
Spain, 50 (? ) A. D. ; died in Spain about 102 (? ).
He spent most of his life at Rome, where he
enjoyed the favor of the emperors Titus and
Domitian. His fame rests upon his 'Epigrams,
in fifteen books; they are witty and marked by
great felicity of form and expression, but are
often sensual and marred by flattery of the
great. A late edition, with notes and indices
by Friedländer (2 vols. ), appeared at Leipzig
in 1886. *
Martin, Arthur Patchett. An Australian
poet and journalist; born at Woolwich, Eng.
land, 1851. He was one of the founders of
the Melbourne Review, and its editor for six
years.
He has written in verse : A Sweet
Girl Graduate); (An Easter Omelette) (1878);
in both verse and prose (Fernshawe) (1881;
2d ed. London, 1885); etc.
Martin, Bon Louis Henri (mär-tan'). One
of the most eminent of French historians; born
at St. Quentin, Aisne, Feb. 20, 1810; died in
Paris, Dec. 14, 1883. He studied law originally;
became a senator in 1876, and member of the
Academy in 1878. His great work, the (His-
tory of France,' in 16 volumes, appeared in
1855-60; the ‘Popular History of France) in
1867-75; and the continuation bringing the
account down to the present day, “History of
Modern France from 1789, 1878-85. He wrote
besides : France, her Genius and her Destinies)
(1847); Italian Unity) (1865); the heroic drama
(Vercingetorix) (1865); Russia in Europe
(1866); etc.
## p. 371 (#387) ############################################
MARTIN – MARZIALS
371
Martin, Edward Sanford. An American
journalist of New York city; born at “Wil-
lowbrook, Owasco Lake, N. Y. , in 1856. He
is author of "Sly Ballades in Harvard China);
(A Little Brother of the Rich, and Other Poems)
(1888); and “Windfalls of Observation.
Martin, Theodore, Sir. An English poet,
translator, and biographer; born at Edinburgh,
1816. He became a solicitor in London in
1846; married the actress Helen Faucit in 1851;
was elected rector of the University of St. An-
drews in 1880. He first became known as an
author in London under the pen-name “Bon
Gaultier”); and jointly with W. E. Aytoun pub-
lished the famous Book of Ballads) about
1858, also under that pseudonym. He has made
many excellent translations from Horace and
Catullus, from Dante, from Goethe, Schiller, and
Heine, and from mediæval ballads, epigrams,
etc. Upon the completion of the Life of the
Prince Consort) (5 vols. , 1874-80), he was
knighted. He also wrote (Life of the Princess
Alice) (1883); and other biographies.
Martin, William Alexander Parsons. A
distinguished American Presbyterian mission.
ary and educator; born at Livonia, Ind. , April
10, 1827. A missionary originally at Ningpo,
China (1850-60), he founded and directed the
Presbyterian mission at Pekin, 1863-68; be-
came professor of international law at Tung-
wên College, Pekin, in 1868; president in 1869;
was sent by China to the United States and
Europe to report on methods of education
in 1880-81; made mandarin of the third rank
in 1885. He has published in Chinese, (Evi-
dences of Christianity) (1855), (The Three
Principles) (1856), etc. ; in English, “The Chi-
nese, their Education, Philosophy, and Letters)
(1881); etc.
Martineau, Harriet (mär'ti-nő). An Eng-
lish reformer and miscellaneous writer, sister
of James; born at Norwich, June 12, 1802 ; died
at Ambleside, June 27, 1876. She visited this
country in 1834, aiding the abolitionists, and
traveled in Palestine and the East in 1846.
She wrote a series of stories based on political
economy (1832). Among her more important
works are : (Society in America' (1836); Deer.
brook) (1839), a novel; History of England
during the Thirty Years' Peace) (1848); (Phi-
losophy of Comte) (1853); (British Rule in
India' (1857); Biographical Sketches) (1869);
etc. She labored under the remarkable dis-
ability of being all her life without the senses
of taste and smell, and at 16 became very deaf.
Martineau, James. A distinguished English
Unitarian theologian; born at Norwich, April
21, 1805. He is now the most profound and
brilliant theological and religious writer on the
liberal side in England. He became profes-
sor of philosophy at Manchester New College,
London (1853). He has published : (Endeav-
ors after the Christian Life) (1843-47); Mis-
cellanies) (1852), edited by T. Starr King;
(Studies of Christianity) (1858); Essays, The-
ological and Philosophical' (2 vols. , 1866-68);
(Religion and Modern Materialism' (1874); (A
Study of Spinoza) (1882); (The Seat of Au-
thority in Religion (1890); Essays, Reviews,
and Addresses) (4 vols. , 1890-91); etc. *
Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco (mär-tē'.
neth đã lỡ rồ’sẵ). A distinguished Spanish
statesman, poet, dramatist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Granada, March 10, 1789; died
at Madrid, Feb. 7, 1862. His best works were
the tragedy (Edipus,' the drama (The Vene-
tian Conspiracy,' and the comedy (The Daugh-
ter at Home and the Mother at the Ball.
His novels Hernan Perez) and Isabel de
Solis, and his (Spirit of the Age, are slight.
Martyn, Sarah Towne. An American writer
of semi-historical fiction; born in Hopkinton,
N. H. , Aug. 15, 1805; died in New York, Nov.
22, 1879. Some of her books are : (Huguenots
of France) (1865);“Sibyl Grey' (1866);(Women
of the Bible ) (1868); (The Crescent and the
Cross) (1869); Dora's Mistake) (1870); and
(Hillside Cottage) (1872).
Martyn, William Carlos. An American
biographical and historical writer; born in New
York city, Dec. 15, 1841. He is a Presbyterian
divine in that city. In his works are included
(Life of John Milton); (Life of Martin Luther);
(History of the Huguenots) (1866); History of
the Pilgrim Fathers of New England (1867);
and (The Dutch Reformation (1868).
Marvel, Ik. See Mitchell.
Marvell, Andrew. An English poet and
satirist ; born at Winestead, Yorkshire, March
31, 1621; died in London, Aug. 18, 1678. He
was Milton's friend, and his assistant in the
Latin secretaryship to the Commonwealth (1657).
He was called “the British Aristides. ) He
is best known by his Poems on Affairs of
State) (1689), a collection of satires on Charles
II. and the Stuarts; though often coarse, they
abound in lofty and generous sentiments. Of
his other writings, the best are the (Horatian
Ode on Cromwell's Return from Ireland' (1776);
(The Rehearsal Transposed! (1672–73); the
single poem “The Nymph Complaining”; etc. *
Mary, Karl (märks). A famous German so-
cialist; born at Treves, May 5, 1818; died in
London, March 14, 1883. He studied jurispru-
dence, philosophy, and history, at Bonn and
Berlin; edited the Journal of the Rhine, 1842–
43; on its suppression went to Paris, but was
expelled from there (1845), and took refuge at
Brussels; founded the New Journal of the
Rhine at Cologne (1848); expelled again from
Prussia (1849), settled in London. He was the
controlling spirit of the International, 1864-72.
His great work was Das Kapital (Capital :
1867; new ed. 1885). Vol. i. , containing all the
essential points of his theory, was translated
into English (London, 1887). The entire work,
issued under the editorship of Friedrich Engels,
appeared in an English translation in 1893.
Marzials, Théophile. An English poet, of
French parentage; born at Brussels, 1850. He
## p. 372 (#388) ############################################
MASALSKII
MASUDI
372
was educated in Belgium, Switzerland, and
England, and has been employed in the Brit-
ish Museum since 1870. He has published
(Gallery of Pigeons and Other Poems) (1873),
which has been highly praised. His best-known
piece is the song “Twickenham Ferry. '
Masalskiï, Konstantin Petrovich (mä-säl'.
ski-e). A Russian novelist and poet; born at
Jaroslav, 1802; died 1861. He was in the gov-
ernment service till 1842. His principal novels
were : (Terpi Kazak,' etc. (Have Patience, Cos-
sack, You will be Hetman : 1829); (The Black
Trunk); (Siege of Uglich); (The Russian
Icarus); (The First Love of the Last of a
Race); etc. (“Works,' 1843-45. )
Mason, Caroline Atherton (Briggs). An
American verse-writer; born in Marblehead,
Mass. , July 27, 1823; died in 1890. She pub-
lished (Utterance, a Collection of Home Poems)
(1852); and (Rose Hamilton, a story (1859).
Her poems (Do They Miss Me at Home ? ) and
(The King's Quest, are widely popular.
Mason, William. An English divine and
poet; born at Hull, Feb. 12, 1724; died at York,
April 7, 1797. He was the friend, executor, and
biographer of the poet Gray, and precentor and
canon of York. He wrote: (Elfrida) (1752),
and "Caractacus) (1759), two dramas; (The
English Garden) (1772-82), a poem ; (Memoirs
of Gray) (1775); etc. (“Works, 1811. )
Maspero, Gaston (mäs-pe-ro'). A distin-
guished French Egyptologist; born in Paris,
June 24, 1846. He became professor of Egyp-
tian archæology and philosophy at the Collège
de France in 1874; founded a school of Egyp-
tian archæology at Cairo, 1881. Among his
works are: (Popular Tales of Ancient Egypt
(1881); (Ancient History of the Peoples of
the Orient) (4th ed. 1886); (Egyptian Archæ-
ology) (1887); (Ancient History of the Peo-
ples of the Classical Orient) (1895); etc.
Massarani, Tullo (mäs-sä-rä'ne). An Italian
miscellaneous writer; born at Mantua, 1826.
A student of law originally, he was Member
of Parliament in 1860-67; then magistrate in
Milan. He has written political works, includ.
ing (The Italian Idea through the Ages' (1850);
the volumes of essays (Studies in Literature
and Art) (1873), (Studies in Politics and His-
tory) (1873), "Critical Essays) (2d ed. 1883);
(Legnano) (1876), a volume of long and short
stories ; (Talks and Rhymes) (2d ed. 1884);
etc. He is known also as a painter.
Massey, Gerald. An English poet ; born at
Tring, May 29, 1828. In youth he worked
in a silk-mill and as a straw-braider. He
founded and edited the Spirit of Freedom in
1849, and was secretary of the Christian So-
cialists. He lectured in this country in 1873.
He is a firm believer in spiritualism. The titles
of his works are: Ballad of Babe Christabel,
etc. (5th ed. 1855); “War Waits) (1855); (Have-
lock's March, etc. (1861); My Lyrical Life)
(18891; etc.
Massillon, Jean Baptiste (mä-se-yon'). A
famous French preacher ; born at Hyères,
June 24, 1663; died at Clermont, Sept. 18,
1742. He was director of the Seminary of St.
Magloire, Paris, in 1699; court preacher in 1699,
1701, and 1704; preached the funeral orations
on Conti in 1709, the Dauphin in 1711, and
Louis XIV. in 1715; became bishop of Cler-
mon: in 1717. His sermons are finished in
form, and deal with conduct more than dogma.
The funeral oration on Louis XIV. was trans-
lated into English (London, 1872); also selected
sermons (2 vols. , 1889-90). ((Works,' 4 vols. ,
Paris, 1886. ) *
Massinger, Philip. A noted English drama.
tist; born at Salisbury, 1583; died at the Bank-
side, Southwark, March 1640. Of 38 plays writ-
ten wholly or in part by him, he was the sole
author of 15. Among the best are: (The Duke
of Milan (1623); “The Fatal Dowry) (1632);
(A New Way to Pay Old Debts) (1633), which
still keeps the stage, the character of Sir Giles
Overreach being almost as familiar as one of
Shakespeare's; (A Very Woman) (1655); (A
City Madam' (1659); etc. He excelled in de-
picting tragic character and in lofty sentiment
without escaping from the limits of possible
life; but his verse is prosaic, and often halting
and unmelodious. *
Masson, Auguste Michel Benoît Gaudichot
(ma-sôn’). French novelist and dramatist;
born in Paris, 1800; died 1883. He wrote much
in collaboration. Among his works in fiction
are: (Tales of the Workshop' (1832–33); (A
Young Girl's Heart) (1834); (The Bundle of
Straw) (1861); (The Stubborn Wife) (1865).
He also wrote: (Reminiscences of a Child of
the People (1838–41), autobiographic; History
of Celebrities) (1838, many editions); the dramas
(The Devil in Love) (1836), Madame Favart)
(1837), (A Fixed Idea (1850), «The Orphans
of Notre Dame Bridge) (1849); etc.
Masson, David. A Scottish biographer,
essayist, and critic; born at Aberdeen, Dec. 2,
1822. He was professor of English at Univer-
sity College, London, 1852; later, for a num-
ber of years editor of Macmillan's Magazine;
professor of rhetoric and English literature at
the University of Edinburgh, 1865. His chief
work is "Life of Milton (6 vols. , 1858-79). He
wrote besides : Essays, Biographical and Crit-
ical (1856); (British Novelists) (1859); (The
Three Devils) (1874); etc.
Masudi or Al-Masudi (mä-sö'de). An Ara.
bic historian; born at Bagdad about the close
of the ninth century; died in Egypt, 957. He
has been called “the Arabian Herodotus.
His best work was (Meadows of Gold and
Mines of Gems) (many editions; the latest, text
with French translation, 9 vols. , Paris, 1861-77).
It abounds in information regarding his time,
the result of extensive travel, and is the most
celebrated of its kind in the language.
One
volume was translated into English by A.
Sprenger (1841).
## p. 373 (#389) ############################################
MATHER- MATURIN
373
He was banished in 1859; was deputy 1870
and 1873; governor of Atacama 1875–81. He
published in 1853 some short stories that were
severely criticized for their freedom of style.
His verses, chiefly lyric, are very popular.
(Poems, 2 vols. , Leipzig, about 1880. )
Matthew Paris. See Paris.
Mather, Cotton. A famous American cler-
gyman, son of Increase; born in Boston, Feb.
12, 1663; died there, Feb. 13, 1728. A prolific
writer of books. his (Magnalia) is probably
better known than any other of the nearly four
hundred volumes that he published. Mem-
orable Providences relating to Witchcraft and
Possessions) appeared in 1685.
Mather, Increase. A noted American Con-
gregational divine, educator, and scholar; born
at Dorchester, Mass. , June 21, 1639; died at
Boston, Aug. 23, 1723. Graduating from Har-
vard at 17, he went to England; graduated
from Trinity College, Dublin, at 19; settled in
England as a pastor, but at the Restoration
refused to conform and returned to Boston;
was president of Harvard 1685-1701 ; visited
England again to convey a vote of thanks to
James II. (1688). Of his ninety-two publica-
tions, one of the most curious was (An Essay
for the Recording of Illustrious Providences)
(1684; London, 1856). It is a collection of
remarkable happenings,- sea-deliverances, ac-
cidents, witchcraft, apparitions, etc.
Mathers, Helen Buckingham. See Reeves.
Mathews, Cornelius. An American novel-
ist, verse-writer, and dramatist; born in Port
Chester, N. Y. , Oct. 28, 1817; died in New York
city, March 25, 1889. His Poems on Man in
the Republic, and (Witchcraft, were com-
mended by Margaret Fuller in her essay on
(American Literature); Poe criticized him
sharply. Other works of his are: Behemoth :
a Legend of the Mound-Builders) (1839); (Pen-
and-Ink Panorama of New York City' (1853);
(False Pretences,' a comedy; and (Indian Fairy
Tales) (1868). In 1840, with Evert A. Duyck-
inck, he edited Arcturus, a monthly magazine.
Mathews, William. An American essayist;
born in Waterville, Me. , July 28, 1818; resigned
the professorship of rhetoric and English liter-
ature in the University of Chicago (1875) to
devote his time entirely to literary work. His
publications include: “Getting on in the World
(1872); «The Great Conversers, and Other Es-
says) (1873); (Literary Style, and Other Essays)
(1881); 'Wit and Humor, their Use and Abuse);
and Nugæ Litterariæ.
Mathieu, Adolphe Charles Ghislain (mä-
tyė'). A Belgian poet and journalist; born at
Mons, June 22, 1804; died near Brussels, June
13, 1876. He was curator of the public library
at Mons, 1840-45; assistant professor at the
University of Liège, 1849; chief librarian of
the Royal Library, 1864. He wrote: (Poems
of the Belfry) (2d ed. 1846); Roland de Lat.
tre) (2d ed. 1840); Mons and Brussels) (1852);
(Olla Podrida' (1828–29); (Memories) (1866);
(Clippings) (1863-71); the dramas (Two Wed-
dings for One) (1836), (D’Aubigné) (1854), etc. ;
(Mons Biographies’ (1848); the political works
(The Reveille of Liberty) and France and
Belgium.
Matta Guillermo (m a). Ahilian poli
tician and poem; born at Copiapó, Chili, 1829.
Matthew, Sir Tobie. An English courtier,
diplomat, and writer; born at Salisbury, 1577 ;
died 1655. He was famed for amiability, and
for a series of letters published posthumously
under the title (A Collection of Letters made
by Sr. Tobie Mat[t]hew, Kt. , with a Character
of the Most Excellent Lady Lucy) (1660).
Matthews, (James) Brander. An Ameri-
can critic and essayist; born in New Orleans,
La. , Feb. 21, 1852. He graduated from Colum-
bia College in 1871, and from Columbia Law
School in 1873, being admitted to the bar the
same year. He soon turned to literature, taking
especial interest in the drama, and made him-
self an authority upon French dramatic liter-
ature; has also written several clever comedies.
In fiction he has steadily gained in art and
reputation, his short studies of New York city
life in the realistic vein being among the very
best of their kind. He has also written a strong
novel of New York life, His Father's Son. '
He is one of the founders of the Authors' Club
of New York, and did valuable work in or-
ganizing the American Copyright League. Mr.
Matthews is a frequent and acceptable con-
tributor of essays and fiction to periodicals.
Of his many writings the following books are
the more important : (The Theatres of France);
(French Dramatists of the Ninteenth Century);
(Margery's Lovers, a Comedy); (The Last
Meeting, a Story); (The Secret of the Sea,
and Other Stories); A Family Tree, and Other
Stories ); (The Story of a Story); (Tom Paul-
ding'; (Studies of the Stage); (Americanisms
and Briticisms); Vignettes of Manhattan';
(Introduction to the Study of American Liter-
ature); (The Royal Marine); (Tales of Fan-
tasy and Fact); and (Outlines of Local Color. )
Maturin, Charles Robert (matíū-rin). An
Irish novelist; born at Dublin, 1782 ; died there,
Oct. 30, 1824. A clergyman of the Church of
England, he was noted for eloquence in the
pulpit and hostility to Roman Catholicism.
His best novel was (Melmoth the Wanderer)
(1820); others being (The Wild Irish Boy)
(1808), «The Milesian Chief) (1812), etc. His
tragedy (Bertram, thought by many to be his
best work, was produced by Edmund Kean at
Drury Lane in 1816.
Maturin, Edward. An American novelist;
born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1812; died in New
York city, May 25, 1881. In 1832 he came to
America with letters of introduction from
Thomas Moore and other literati. He wrote
Montezuma, the Last of the Aztecs : A Ro-
mance) (2 vols. , 1845); Benj the Jew
of Grenada: A Romance) (1848); (Lyrics of
)
## p. 374 (#390) ############################################
374
MAUDSLEY – MAY
(
Spain and Erin (1850); and (Bianca, a Tale
of Erin and Italy) (1852).
Maudsley, Henry. An English alienist;
born at Giggleswick, Yorkshire, Feb. 5, 1835.
He was professor of medical jurisprudence in
University College, London, 1869-79; and edi-
tor of the Journal of Mental Science, 1863-78.
He has published : Physiology and Pathology
of the Mind' (1867); (Responsibility in Mental
Disease) (1874); (Body and Will (1883); etc.
Maupassant, Guy de (mô-pi-sôn”). A French
novelist; born at the Château de Miromesnil
(Seine-Inférieure), Aug. 5, 1850 ; died in Paris,
July 6, 1893. He was for some time clerk at
the navy department, Paris. He published over
twenty volumes, among them the collections
of short stories (The Sisters Rondoli) (1884),
(Tales of Day and Night) (1885), "The Left
Hand) (1889); the novels Peter and John'
(1888), «Strong as Death) (1889), (Our Heart)
(1893); the books of travel (In the Sunshine)
(1884), “On the Water) (1888), (A Wandering
Life) (1890). Unsettled by the insanity and
death of a brother, he himself died in an asy-
lum. *
Maurice, Frederick Denison. A celebrated
English divine, and theological and philosoph-
ical writer; born near Low oft, Suffolk, Aug.
29, 1805; died in London, April 1, 1872. He
was professor at King's College, London, in
1840; assisted in founding Queen's College for
women, 1848; was principal of St. Martin's
Hall, a workingmen's college, 1854; professor
of moral philosophy at Cambridge University,
1866. Among his works are: “Theological
Essays) (1853); (Ancient Philosophy) (1850);
(Mediæval Philosophy) (1857); Modern Phi-
losophy) (1862); the novel (Eustace Conway)
(1834). He was known as a leader in the
< Broad Church and in the Christian Socialist
movement of his time. *
Maury, Matthew Fontaine. An American
naval officer, famous in science; born in Spott-
sylvania County, Va. , Jan. 14, 1806; died in
Lexington, Va. , Feb. I, 1873. His most distin-
guished work is (Physical Geography of the
Sea) (1855; revised ed. 1860); he was also au-
thor of treatises on navigation, astronomy, and
meteorology.
Mauthner, Fritz (mout'nėr). A German
novelist; born at Horitz, Bohemia, Nov. 22,
1849. His home since 1876 has been in Berlin.
Among his works may be named: (After Fa-
mous Models) (27th ed. 1894; new series, 16th
ed. 1883), a collection of witty parodies; (The
Baroness's Sundays ) (3d ed. 1884); "The New
Ahasuerus ) ( 1882 ); (The Last German of
Blatna' (5th ed. 1890); "Hypatia) (2d ed. 1892);
(The Ghost-Seer) (1894), a humorous novel.
Mautner, Eduard. A German poet; born
at Pesth, Nov. 13, 1824; died at Baden, near
Vienna, July 2, 1889. He wrote: (The Prize
Comedy,' which took the prize offered by the
Hofburg Theatre in Vienna (1851), (Countess
Aurora) (1852), (A Stratagem (1878), comedies;
the plays (Eglantine) (1863) and (The Hour-
Glass) (1871); (Short Stories) (1858); (Poems)
(1847 and 1858); etc. (Select Poems' appeared
in 1889.
Max O'Rell. See Blouët, Paul.
Maxwell, Herbert Eustace, Sir. An Eng-
lish politician and miscellaneous writer; born
Jan. 8, 1845. He has been a Member of Parlia-
ment since 1880; was a lord of the treasury
1886-92, member of the Royal Commission
on the Aged Poor in 1893. He has written :
Passages in the Life of Sir Lucian Elphin
(1889), (The Art of Love) (1890), (The Letter
of the Law) (1891), all novels; (Meridiana :
Noontide Essays) (1892); etc.
Maxwell, Mary Elizabeth (Braddon). See
Braddon.
Maxwell, William Hamilton. An Irish
novelist ; born at Newry, County Down, 1792;
died at Musselburgh, near Edinburgh, Scotland,
Dec. 29, 1850. He may be called the father of
the military novel. After serving as an in-
fantry captain in the Peninsular War and at
Waterloo, he became rector of Ballagh. There
not being a single Protestant in his parish, he
devoted his ample leisure to field sports and
literature. Among his best works are : "O'Hara,
or 1798) (1825), a novel ; 'Sports of the West)
(1832); (Stories of Waterloo) (1834); "Life of
the Duke of Wellington (1839-41). He was
editor of the Military and Naval Almanac for
1840.
Maxwell, William Stirling, Sir. See Stir-
ling-Maxwell.
Maxwell Gray. See Tuttiett, Mary G.
May, Caroline. An American poet; born in
England about 1820; came to New York, 1834.
She was author of American Female Poets)
(1848); (Treasured Thoughts from Favorite
Authors) (1850); Poems) (1864); and Lays
of Memory and Affection.
May, Lyoff Aleksandrovich (mā). See Mei.
May, Samuel Joseph. A noted American
reformer; born at Boston, Sept. 12, 1797 ; died
at Syracuse, N. Y. , July 1, 1871. He was a Uni-
tarian minister, his longest settlement being at
Syracuse ( 1845-68 ). One of the first and
stanchest abolitionists, his best-known publi-
cation was (Recollections of the Anti-Slavery
Conflict) (1869).
May, Sophie. See Clarke.
May, Thomas. An English poet, dramatist,
and historian; born at Mayfield, Sussex, 1595;
died in London, Nov. 13, 1650. He was secre-
tary and historiographer to the Long Parlia-
ment. His chief work was (History of the
Long Parliament' (1647). He wrote also two
historical poems and five dramas, among the
latter the comedy (The Heir) (1620), and a
tragedy entitled Julius Cæsar. )
May, Thomas Erskine, Sir-Lord Farn-
borough An English writer on the consti-
tution and history of England, etc. ; born in
>
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:
London, Feb. 8, 1815; died in Westminster Pal.
ace, May 17, 1886. He was called to the bar
in 1838, but the principal part of his life was
spent in the service of the House of Com-
mons as librarian and clerk. His principal
works are : "Constitutional History of Eng-
land' (3d ed. 1871), reprinted in this country,
and translated into French and German; and
(History of Democracy in Europe) (2 vols. ,
1877). Besides these he reduced to order for
the first time the (Rules, Orders, and Forms of
the House of Commons) (1854); published a
(Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings,
and Usage of Parliament) (1844), which be-
came a parliamentary text-book; etc.
Mayer, Alfred Marshall. An American
scientific writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Nov.
13, 1836. Besides his editorial work on the
American Journal of Science, and numerous
contributions to other journals, he has pub-
lished (The Earth a Great Magnet! (1872);
(Light) (1877); (Sound' (1878); and (Sport
with Gun and Rod in American Woods and
Waters) (1883).
Mayer, Brantz. An American journalist,
descriptive writer, and novelist; born at Balti-
more, Md. , Sept. 27, 1809; died there, Feb. 23,
1879. He was a lawyer by profession; became
editor of the Baltimore American; was attached
to the American legation in Mexico, 1841-42;
served in the Civil War. He wrote several
works on Mexico, including (Mexico: Aztec,
Spanish, and Republican) (2 vols. , 1853), his
best work; 'Captain Canot) (1854), a novel; etc.
Mayer, Karl (mi'er). A German poet and
biographer; born at Neckarbischofsheim, Wür-
temberg, March 22, 1786; died at Tübingen,
Feb. 25, 1870. A student of jurisprudence ori-
ginally, he held several important legal and
political positions in his native country. He
belonged to the “Suabian School of poets.
He wrote: Lenau's Letters to a Friend) (2d
ed. 1853); (Songs) (3d ed. 1864); (Uhland,
his Friends and Contemporaries) (2 vols. ,
1867); etc.
Mayhew, Henry. An English humorist; born
in London, Nov. 5, 1812; died July 25, 1887. He
founded the comic paper Figaro, in London;
assisted in founding Punch (1841), of which he
was for several years chief editor. He was a
frequent contributor to the magazines; wrote
several juveniles; and with his brothers Horace
and Augustus, wrote many popular humorous
novels, fairy-tales, and farces. His main work
was London Labor and the London Poor)
(new ed. 1868).
