No More Learning

1. The third king of
resist fire and steel, on condition of his taking her Argos, was a son of Zeus and Niobe. (Apollod. i.
as his wife; and she taught him how he was to 1. $ 1, &c. ) A Scholiast (ad Ilom. Il. 1. 115) calls
create feuds among and kill the warriors that were him a son of Apis, whom he succeeded in the
to spring up from the teeth of the dragon. While kingdom of Argos. It is from this Argus that the
Jason was engaged upon his task, Aectes formed country afterwards called Argolis and all Pelopon-
plans for burning the ship Argo and for killing all nesus derived the name of Argos. (Hygin. Fab.
the Greek heroes. But Medeia's magic powers 145; Paus. ii. 16. Q 1, 22. $ 6, 34. $ 5. ) By Eu-
sent to sleep the dragon who guarded the golden adne, or according to others, by Peitho, he became
fleece; and after Jason had taken possession of the father of Jasus, Peiranthus or Peiras, Epi-
the treasure, he and his Argonauts, together with daurus, Criasus, and Tiryns. (Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen.
Medeia and her young brother Absyrtus, embarked | 1151, 1147; ad Eurip. Orest
. 1252, 1248, 930. )
by night and sailed away. Aeetes pursued them, 2. Surnamed Panoptes. His parentage is stated
but before he overtook them, Medeia murdered differently, and his father is called Agenor, Ares-
her brother, cut him into pieces, and threw his tor, Inachus, or Argus, whereas some accounts de
limbs overboard, that her father might be detained scribed him as an Autochthon. (Apollod. ii, 1, 2,
in his pursuit by collecting the limbs of his child. Sc. ; 0v. Met. i. 264. ) He derived his sumame,
Aeetes at last returned home, but sent out a great Panoptes, the all-seeing, from his possessing a
number of Colchians, threatening them with the hundred eyes, some of which were always awake.
punishment intended for Medeia, if they returned He was of superhuman strength, and after he had
without her. While the Colchians were dispersed slain a fierce bull which ravaged Arcadia, a Satyr
in all directions, the Argonauts had already reached who robbed and violated persons, the serpent
the mouth of the river Eridanus. But Zeus, in Echidna, which rendered the roads unsafe, and the
his anger at the murder of Absyrtus, raised a murderers of Apis, who was according to some ac-
storm which cast the ship from its road. When counts his father, Hera appointed him guardian of
driven on the Absyrtian islands, the ship began to the cow into which lo had been metamorphosed.
speak, and declared that the anger of Zeus would (Comp. Schol. ad Eurip. Phoen. 1151, 1213. )
noi cease, unless they sailed towards Ausonia, and Zeus commissioned Hermes to carry off the cow,
got purified by Circe. They now sailed along the and Hermes accomplished the task, according to
coasts of the Ligyans and Celts, and through the some accounts, by stoning Argus to death, or ac-
sea of Sardinia, and continuing their course along cording to others, by sending him to sleep by the
the coast of Tyrrhenia, they arrived in the island sweetness of his play on the flute and then cutting
of Aeaea, where Circe purified them. When they off his head. Hera transplanted his eyes to the
were passing by the Sirens, Orpheus sang to pre- tail of the peacock, her favourite bird. (Aeschyl.
vent the Argonauts being allured by them. Butes, Prom. ; Apollod. Ov. U. cc. )
however, swam to them, but Aphrodite carried 3. The builder of the Argo, the ship of the Argo
him to Lily baeum. Thetis and the Nereids con- nauts, was according to Apollodorus (ii. 9. gr 1, 16),
ducted them through Scylla and Charybdis and a son of Phrixus. Apollonius Rhodius (i. 112) calls
between the whirling rocks (rét pa. haykTal); him a son of Arestor, and others a son of Hestor
and sailing by the Trinacian island with its oxen or Polybus. (Schol. ad Apollon. Rhod. i. 4, ad
of Helios, they came to the Phaeacian island of Lycophr. 883; Hygin. Fab. 14; Val. Flacc. i 39,
Corcyra, where they were received by Alcinous. who calls him a Thespian. ) Argus, the son of
In the meantime, some of the Colchians, not being | Phrixus, was sent by Aeetes, his grand father, after
able to discover the Argonauts, had settled at the the death of Phrixus, to take possession of his in-
foot of the Ceraunian mountains ; others occupied heritance in Greece. On his voyage thither
the Absyrtian islands near the coast of Illyricum; he suffered shipwreck, was found by Jason
and a third band overtook the Argonauts in the in the island of Aretias, and carried back to
island of the Phaeacians. But as their hopes of Colchis. (Apollon. Rhod. ii. 1095, &c; Hygin.
recovering Medeia were deceived by Arete, the Fab. 21. ) Hyginus (Fab. 3) relates that after the
queen of Alcinous, they settled in the island, and death of Phrixus, Argus intended to flee with his
the Argonauts continued their voyage. (Alcinous. ] brothers to Athamas.
[L. S. ]
During the night, they were overtaken by a storm ; ARGYRA ('Apyopa), the nymph of a well in
but Apollo sent brilliant flashes of lightning which | Achaia, was in love with a beautiful shepherd-boy,
enabled them to discover a neighbouring island, Selemnus, and visited him frequently, but when
which they called Anaphe. Here they erected an his youthful beauty vanished, she forsook him.
altar to Apollo, and solemn rites were instituted, The boy now pined away with grief, and Aphro-
which continued to be observed down to very late dite, moved to pity, changed him into the river
times. Their attempt to land in Crete was pre Selemnus. There was a popular belief in Achaia,
vented by Talus, who guarded the island, but was that if an unhappy lover bathed in the water of
killed by the artifices of Medeia. From Crete this river, he would forget the grief of his love.
they sailed to Aegina, and from thence between (Paus. vii. 23. & 2. )
[L. S. )
Euboea and Locris to lolcus. Respecting the ARGYRUS, ISAAC, a Greek monk, who
events subsequent to their arrival in Iolcus, see lived about the year A. D. 1373. He is the
ABSON, Medein, Jason, PELIAS. (Comparc author of a considerable number of works, but only
Schoenemann, de Geographia Argonautarum, Göt- one of them has yet been published, viz. a works


## p. 283 (#303) ############################################

ARIADNE.
233
ARIANTAS.
1
upon the method of finding the time when Enster (Plut. Thes. 20; Ov. Act. viii. 175, lleroid. 10;
1
should be celebrated (Taoxánios kavov), which he Hygin. Fulr. 43. ) According to this tradition,
dedicated to Andronicus, praefect of the town of Ariadne put an end to her own life in despair, or
Aenus in Thessaly. It was first edited, with a was saved by Dionysus, who in amazement at her
Latin translation and notes, by J. Christmann, at beauty made her his wife, raised her among
Heidelberg, 1611, 4to. , and was afterwards insert the immortals, and placed the crown which he
ed by Petavius in his “ Uranologium” (Paris, gave her at his marriage with her, among the stars.
1630, fol. , and Antwerp, 1703, fol. ), with a new (Hesiod. Thcog. 949 ; Ov. Met. l. c. ; Hygin. Poct.
Latin translation and notes ; but the last chap- Astr. ii. 5. ) The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius
ter of the work, which is contained in Christ (iii. 996) makes Ariadne become by Dionysus the
mann's edition and bad been published before mother of Oenopion, Thoas, Staphylus, Latromis,
by Jos. Scaliger, is wanting in the Uranologium. ” | Euanthes, and Tauropolis. There are several cir-
Petavius inserted in his " Uranologium” also a cumstances in the story of Ariadne which offered the
second “ canon paschalis" (üi. p. 384), which he happiest subjects for works of art, and some of the
ascribes to Argyrus, but without having any finest ancient works, on gems as weil as paintings,
authority for it. There exist in various European are still extant, of which Ariadne is the subject.
libraries, in MS. , several works of Argyrus, which (Lippert, Dactylioth. ii. 51, i. 383, 384 ; Maffei,
have not yet been printed. (Fabricius, Bill. Gr. Gem. Ant. iii. 33; Pitture d'Ercolano, ii. tab. 14;
xi. p. 126, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. Append. p. 63, Bellori, Adm. Rom. Antiq. Vest. tab. 48; Böttiger,
ed. London. )
(L. S. ] Archaeoh. Mus. part i. ).
(L. S. )
ARIABIGNES ('Apiablyvns), the son of Da- ARIAETHUS ('Apiaidos), of Tegea, the author
reius, and one of the commanders of the feet of of a work on the early history of Arcadia. (Hlygin.
his brother Xerxes, fell in the battle of Salamis, Poët. Astr. ii. l; Dionys. i. 49, where 'Apiaíow is
E. - 480. (Herod. vii. 97, viii. 89. ) Plutarch the right reading. )
calls him (Them. c.
14) Ariamenes, and speaks of ARIAE'US ('Apiaíos), or ARIDAE'US ('Api-
him as a brave man and the justest of the brothers Saios), the friend and lieutenant of Cyrus, con-
of Xerxes. The same writer relates (de Fratern. manded the barbarians in that prince's army at
Am. p. 448; comp. A pophth. p. 173), that this the battle of Cunaxa, B. C. 401. (Xen. Anal. i. 8.
Ariamenes (called by Justin, ii
. 10, Artemenes) $ 5; Diod. xiv. 22; comp. Plut. Artax. c. 11. )
Inid claim to the throne on the death of Dareius, as After the death of Cyrus, the Cyrean Greeks
the eldest of his sons, but was opposed by Xerxes, offered to place Ariaeus on the Persian throne;
who maintained that he had a right to the crown but he declined making the attempt, on the ground
as the eldest of the sons born after Dareius had that there were many Persians superior to himself,
become king. The Persians appointed Artabanus who would never tolerate him as king. (Anub. ii.
to decide the dispute ; and upon his declaring in 1. § 4, 2. & 1. ) He exchanged oaths of fidelity,
favour of Xerxes, Ariamenes immediately saluted however with the Greeks, and, at the commence
his brother as king, and was treated by him with ment of their retreat, marched in company with
great respect. According to Herodotus (vii. 2), them; but soon afterwards he purchased his par-
who calls the eldest son of Dareius, Artabazanes, don from Artaxerxes by deserting them, and aid-
this dispute took place in the life-time of Dareius. | ing (possibly through the help of his friend Menon)
ARIADNE ('Apiádun), a daughter of Minos | the treachery of Tissaphernes, whereby the princi-
and Pasiphaë or Creta. (Apollod. iii. l. § 2. ) pal Greek generals fell into the hands of the Per-
When Theseus was sent by his father to convey sians. (Anal. ii. 2. & 8, &c. , 4. SS 1, 2, 9, 5.
the tribute of the Athenians to Minotaurus, SS 28, 38, &c. ; comp. Plut. Artax. c. 18. ) It
Ariadne fell in love with him, and gave him the was perhaps this same Ariaeus who was em-
string by means of which he found his way out of ployed by Tithraustes to put Tissaphernes to death
the Labyrinth, and wbich she herself had received in accordance with the king's order, B. C. 396.
from Hephaestus. Theseus in return promised to (Polyaen. viii. 16; Diod. xiv. 80; Wess. and Palm.
marry her (Plut. Thes. 19; Hygin. Fab. 42 ; ad loc. ; comp. Xen. Hel. iii. 1. $7. ) In the ensuing
Didym. aut Odyss. xi. 320), and she accordingly year, B. C. 395, we again hear of Ariaeus as having
left Crete with him ; but when they arrived in the revolted from Artaxerxes, and receiving Spithridates
island of Dia (Naxos), she was killed there by and the Paphlagonians after their desertion of the
Artemis. (Hom. Od. xi. 324. ) The words added Spartan service. (Xen. Hell. iv. l. 27; Plut.
in the Odyssey, Alovúo ou Maptupiņow, are difficult Ages. c. 11. )
[E. E. )
to understand, unless we interpret them with ARIAMENES. (ARIABIGNES. )
Pherecydes by " on the denunciation of Dionysus," ARIAMNES ('Αριάμνης). I. King, or more
because he was indignant at the profanation of his properly satrap, of Cappadocia, the son of Datames,
grotto by the love of Theseus and Ariadne. In and father of Ariarathes I. , reigned 50 years.
this case Ariadne was probably killed by Artemis (Diod. xxxi. Ed. 3. )
at the moment she gave birth to her twin children, II. King of Cappadocia, succeeded his father
for she is said to have had two sons by Theseus, Ariarathes II. He was very fond of his children,
Oenopion and Staphylus. The more common tradi- and shared his crown with his son Ariarathes 111.
tion, however, was, that Theseus left Ariadne in in his life-time. (Diod. I. c. )
Naxos alive ; but here the statements again differ, ARIAMNES. [ABGARUS, No. 1. ]
for some relate that he was forced by Dionysus to ARIANTAS ('Aplavras), a king of the Scy-
leave her (Diod. iv. 61, v. 51; Paus. i. 20. $ 2, ix. thians, who, in order to learn the population of his
40. $ 2, x. 29. & 2), and that in his grief he forgot people, commanded every Scythian to bring him
to take down the black sail, which occasioned the an arrow-head. With these arrow-heads he made
death of his father. According to others, Theseus a brazen or copper vessel, which was set up in a
faithlessly forsook her in the island, and different place called Examprens, between the rivers Borys
motives are given for this act of faithlessness. thenes and Hy panis. (Herod. iv. 81. )


## p. 284 (#304) ############################################

284
ARIARATHES.
ARIARATIES.
lusy
BASIN
ARIA'NUS ('Aplavós), a friend of Bolis, was alliance, assisted Antiochus in his war ngainst the
employed by him to betray Achaeus to Antiochus Romans. After the defeat of Antiochus lig the
the Grent, B. c. 214. (Polyb. viii. 18, &c. ) (See Romans, B. c. 190, Ariarathes sued for peace in
p. 8, a. )
188, which he obtained on favourable tenns, as
ARIAPEITHES ('Aplaneions), a king of the his daughter was about that time betrothed to
Scythians, the father of Scyles, was treacherously Eumenes, the ally of the Romans. In B. c. 183–
killed by Sparga peithes, the king of the Agathyrsi. 179, he assisted Eumenes in his war against Phar-
Ariapeithes was a contemporary of Herodotus, for naces. Polybius mentions that a Roman embassy
he tells us that he had from Timnes, the guardian was sent to Ariarathes after the death of Antiochus
of Ariapeithes, an account of the family of Ana- IV. , who died B. C. 164. Antiochis, the wife of
charsis. (Herod. iv. 76, 78. )
Ariarathes, at first bore him no children, and ac-
ARIARA'THES ('Aplapáồns. ) There are a cordingly introduced two supposititious ones, who
great many Persian names beginning with Arium were called Arinrathes and Holophernes. Subse-
Ario-, and Art-, which all contain the root Ar, quently, however, she bore her husband two
which is seen in 'Aptaioi, the ancient national daughters and a son, Mithridates, afterwards
name of the Persians (Herod. vii. 61), and "Aploi | Ariarathes V. , and then informed Ariarathes of
or "Aperos, likewise an ancient designation of the the deceit she had practised upon him. The other
inhabitants of the table-land of Persia. (Herod. two were in consequence sent away from Cap-
iii. 93, vii. 62. ) Dr. Rosen, to whom we are in padocia, one to Rome, the other to lonia. (Liv.
debted for these remarks, (in Quarterly Journal of xxxvii. 31, xxxviii. 38, 39 ; Polyb. xxii. 24, xxv.
Education, vol. ix. p. 336,) also observes that the 2, 4, xxvi. 6, xxxi. 12, 13; Appian, Syr. 5, 32,
name Arii is the same with the Sanscrit word 42; Diod. I. c. )
Arya, by which in the writings of the Hindus the
followers of the Brahmanical law are designated.
He shews that Arya signifies in Sanscrit “ honour-
able, entitled to respect," and Arta, in all pro-
bability,“ honoured, respected. " In Aria-rathes,
the latter part of the word apparently is the same
as the Zend ratu, " great, master" (Bopp, Verglei-
chende Grammatik, p. 196), and the name would
therefore signify “ an honourable master. " (Comp.
Pott, Etymologische Forschungen, p. xxxvi. , &c. ) V. Son of the preceding, previously called Mi-
Ariarathes was the nams of several kings of thridates, reigned 33 years, B. c. 163—130.
Cappadocia, who traced their origin to Anaphas, He was surnamed Philopator, and was distin-
one of the seven Persian chiefs who slew the guished by the excellence of his character and his
Mag. (ANAPHAS. )
cultivation of philosophy and the liberal arts.