No More Learning

1001 Consecrated in 727 (Saxon Chronicle) and died in 739 (Simeon of
Durham).

1002 This must refer to the battle of Tours in 732, in which Charles
Martel defeated the Saracens. As the Ecclesiastical History was
finished in 731, this passage must be regarded as a later insertion.
For Bede’s view with regard to the Saracens, _v. _ his theological
works _passim_. He believed them to be the descendants of Ishmael.

1003 In 729; _v. s. _ c. 22.

1004 Cf. _supra_, this chapter, _ad init. _

1005 Cf. Preface, note 1, and the Continuation.

1006 Cf. c. 22, _ad init_ and note.

_ 1007 I. e. _, since 29th June, 693; _v. s. _ c. 8, _ad fin. _

1008 He received the pall in 733 and died in 734; cf. Continuation.

1009 Bredon in Worcestershire.

1010 Cf. Preface; IV, 16; V, 18.

_ 1011 I. e. _, of the East Saxons. He died in 745; _v. _ Continuation.

1012 Called also Worr. In the Act of the Council of Clovesho in 716 he
signs as Bishop of Lichfield (to which at this time Leicester was
united) along with his predecessor, Hedda, but the authenticity of
the Act is not fully established, and it is generally supposed that
he succeeded in 721. At his death in 737 (Simeon of Durham)
Leicester was finally separated from Lichfield.

1013 Cf. _supra_, p. 378.

1014 The following list of the English bishoprics at the time when Bede
closed his history [731 A. D. ], will enable the reader to recognize
those which belonged to each separate kingdom:

KINGDOMS; SEES; PRELATES.
Kent; Canterbury; Tatwine.
Rochester; Aldwulf.
East Saxons; London; Ingwald.
East Angles; Dunwich; Aldbert.
Elmham; Hadulac.
West Saxons; Winchester; Daniel.
Sherborne; Forthere.
Mercia; Lichfield (to which Leicester had been reunited in 705);
Aldwin.
Hereford; Walhstod.
Worcester; Wilfrid.
Lindsey (Sidnacester); Cynibert.
South Saxons; Selsey; Vacant.
Northumbria; York; Wilfrid II.
Lindisfarne; Ethelwald.
Hexham; Acca.
Whitern; Pechthelm.

1015 Aldbert was Bishop of Dunwich, Hadulac of Elmham.

1016 Cf. c. 18.

1017 Cf. _supra_, p. 379, note 6.

_ 1018 I. e. _, in Herefordshire. It is not certain when the see of Hereford
was founded. Besides Putta (_v. _ IV, 2, and note), Florence of
Worcester mentions Tyrhtel and Torthere as predecessors of Walhstod.

1019 This is Wilfrid, Bishop of Worcester, contemporary with Wilfrid II
of York (_v. _ IV, 23; V, 6). He succeeded St. Egwin, whom Bede
strangely omits to mention, the successor of Oftfor (IV, 23). For
the Hwiccas, _v. _ II, 2, p. 84, and for the see of Worcester, IV,
23, p. 273, note 7.

1020 Cf. Preface, p. 4, and IV, 12. For Lindsey as a separate bishopric,
_ibid. _

1021 Cf. IV, 16.

1022 Cf. c. 18, _ad fin. _, and notes.

1023 He was a son of Penda’s brother, Alweo. He had lived at one time in
retirement near the hermitage of St. Guthlac, flying from the enmity
of Ceolred, but on the death of the latter in 716, he succeeded to
the throne. Though he is not included in Bede’s list of Bretwaldas
(II, 5), he established the supremacy of Mercia for twenty years
over all England south of the Humber, till in 754 Wessex freed
itself in the battle of Burford. For his wars with Wessex and
Northumbria, _v. _ Continuation, _sub_ 740 and 750. There is a
charter of his dated 749 in which he grants certain ecclesiastical
privileges, “pro expiatione delictorum suorum. ” His oppression of
the Church and his private life are rebuked in the letter of
Boniface and five German bishops addressed to him (_v. _ Haddan and
Stubbs, III, 350).

1024 Wilfrid II, _v. _ IV, 23, and note; cf. V, 6.

1025 Cf. c. 12, p. 331, and note.

1026 III, 13, and note; cf. IV, 14; V, 20.

1027 Cf. cc. 13, 18. For the “White House” (Whitern), _v. _ III, 4, and
note. About this time (the exact date is not known) it became an
Anglian see, a fact which indicates that in spite of the defeat of
Egfrid in 685, which freed the Northern Picts, the Picts of Galloway
were still subject to Northumbria. The bishopric came to an end
about the close of the century, when the Northumbrian power had
fallen into decay.

1028 The Scots of Dalriada (I, 1). They had recovered their liberty after
the defeat and death of Egfrid; cf. IV, 26.

1029 Cf. _ibid. _, and p. 376, note 1.

1030 External peace apparently. For the internal state of Northumbria,
_v. s. _ p. 378.

1031 For the accuracy of these dates, cf. the notes on the events as they
occur in the narrative.

1032 The length of his pontificate is not mentioned in the narrative.

1033 This and the two following entries are not in the narrative.

1034 Ida was the first king of Bernicia, and one of the leaders of the
English invasion. He conquered the country about Bamborough, which
he is said to have founded (cf. III, 6), and settled his people
here. Deira, which was for a time a separate kingdom, was finally
united to Bernicia under the strong rule of Oswald, Ida’s great
grandson (_ib. ad fin. _), who through his mother, Acha, was
descended also from the royal house of Deira.

1035 By Scotland, as usual, Ireland is meant.

1036 Wulfhere’s death is not mentioned in the narrative.

1037 This is not in the narrative. For Osthryth cf. III, 11; IV, 21.

1038 Not in the narrative. Berctred is probably to be identified with
Berct in IV, 26 _ad init_. (Ulster Annals: “Brectrid”; Sax. Chron. :
“Briht. ”)

1039 Above it is said that he succeeded in 675, making his reign
twenty-nine years, and this agrees with the Saxon Chronicle.
Wilfrid, on his return to England in 705, found him already an
abbot. (V, 19. )

1040 Not in the narrative. Bertfrid was Osred’s chief ealdorman, and was
besieged with him in Bamborough by the usurper Eadwulf; cf. p. 342,
note 2. We find him acting as spokesman in the Council on the Nidd
(V, 19, p. 356) in demanding to have the Papal letters translated
into English.

1041 For Bede’s life, _v. _ Introduction.

1042 IV, 18, p. 257, note 3.

_ 1043 Ibid. _

_ 1044 Ibid. _, note 4, cf. V, 21.

1045 John of Beverley, IV, 23; V, 2-6.

1046 For a full account of Bede’s works, _v. _ Plummer, vol. I,
Introduction, or Dictionary of Christian Biography, _s. v. _ “Beda. ”
Besides the works mentioned in this list, the following are
certainly genuine:

The short “Epistola ad Albinum” (sent with a copy of the
Ecclesiastical History).

“Retractationes in Acta. ”

“Epistola ad Egberctum. ”

“De locis Sanctis” (to which Bede alludes in V. 17). A number of
other works, some certainly, others probably spurious, and a few
possibly genuine, have been attributed to him.

1047 An answer to questions put to him by Nothelm (_v. _ Preface, p. 2,
note 4, and Continuation, _sub_ 735).

1048 “Parabolae” = comparisons. “Parabolae Salomonis” are the first words
of the Book of Proverbs in the Vulgate.

_ 1049 I. e. _, St. Paul.

1050 Isa. , xxiv, 22.

1051 III, 3, note; cf. III, 25, p. 198.

1052 A priest of Nola in Campania. He was of Syrian extraction, but born
at Nola, and ordained priest _circ. _ 250 A. D. He was persecuted
under Decius, and again under Valerian, but escaped. His history is
told in the poems of Paulinus, Bishop of Nola (409-431).

1053 This work is not known to exist. Probably the saint is Anastasius
the Younger, Patriarch of Antioch, killed in 610 by the Jews in a
sedition on 21st December, and in the Roman martyrology honoured on
that day as a martyr (_v. _ Butler, “Lives of the Saints”).

1054 Cf. IV, 26-32.
1055 For Benedict and Ceolfrid, _v. _ IV, 18. Huaetbert belonged to the
monastery of Wearmouth and Jarrow from his earliest childhood, and
succeeded Ceolfrid as abbot in 716. He survived Bede. The latter
dedicated his commentary on the Apocalypse and the De temp. Rat. to
him under his name of Eusebius given him for his piety (_v. _ Bede’s
Hist. Abb. and Anon. , Hist. Abb. ).

1056 (Only names which have not occurred in the narrative are annotated;
references for those already mentioned will be found in the Index. )
The Continuation is by a later hand. But Mr. Plummer considers that
the entries under the years 731, 732, 733 and 734, may have been
added by Bede himself. They appear in the great Moore MS. , and those
for 733 and 734 also in another eighth century MS. The entries
enclosed in square brackets are found in a fifteenth century MS.

1057 He succeeded Wilfrid II, and two years later became Archbishop of
York (_v. infra_ under 735). It was to him that Bede addressed the
“Epist. ad Egberctum. ”

1058 Bishop of Lindsey.

1059 Bishop of Selsey.

_ 1060 I. e. _, of York.

1061 Bishop of Hexham.

1062 Bishop of Whitern.

1063 The early authorities differ as to the year, but this is the
traditional date, and is usually accepted.

1064 King of Northumbria 737-758 (_v. infra_); died in 768. He was a son
of Eata, called by Nennius, Eata “Glinmaur,” a descendant of Ida,
and was the brother of Archbishop Egbert. Under him the Northumbrian
power revived for a period.

1065 He was the kinsman and predecessor of Cuthred (_v. infra_).

1066 Archbishop of Canterbury in succession to Nothelm. The first
archbishop not buried in St. Augustine’s, _v. _ II, 3, p. 90, note.

1067 Bishop of Lindisfarne in succession to Ethelwald (V, 12, _ad fin. _,
note).

1068 Probably a son of that Eadwulf who usurped the throne of Northumbria
at Aldfrid’s death (V, 18); cf. Simeon of Durham, II, 38 (Rolls
Series), “Arwine filius Eadulfi. ”

1069 Not known.

1070 Charles Martel.

1071 Pippin the Short. Carloman resigned in 747, and became a monk.

1072 There is a letter of Boniface (_v. _ Haddan and Stubbs III, 358) to a
priest, Herefrid, who is supposed to be the man mentioned here.

1073 This seems confused and obscure. The West Saxons under Cuthred threw
off the Mercian yoke in the insurrection which culminated in the
battle of Burford (_v. _ V. 23, p. 380, note 9). Oengus or Angus (the
Brythonic form is Ungust), son of Fergus, was a Pictish king who
crushed the Dalriadic Scots, and, in alliance with Eadbert of
Northumbria, conquered the Britons of Strathclyde. But this does not
explain the strange statement which brings him into connection with
Ethelbald of Mercia. Nor is it told who Eanred was. Theudor was a
king of the Britons of Strathclyde. Kyle is a district in Ayrshire.

1074 Adopting the emendation “quinto Idus” (Hussey). The date is thus
right for the eclipses, but the year is the sixteenth of Eadbert.
Probably the numeral (XVI) has fallen out, and the passage ought to
run: “anno regni Eadbercti XVI, quinto Id. Ian. ”

1075 The great missionary bishop of Germany, a West Saxon by birth. He
crossed to the Continent _circ. _ 716, and, supported by Charles
Martel and his sons, evangelized Central Europe, became Archbishop
of Mainz, and founded sees throughout Germany. Finally he was
martyred in Frisland. Lul, a West Saxon, was his successor, not
Redger, but it has been suggested that this may be another name for
him. The pope is Stephen III.

1076 He is said by William of Malmesbury to have been the murderer of
Ethelbald. After a year of anarchy Offa succeeded, and retrieved the
position of Mercia.

1077 He was killed in an insurrection in 784. (Sax. Chron. )

1078 St. Matt. xi, 12. After Eadbert, Northumbria fell into a state of
anarchy, obscure kings contending for the throne.

1079 Cf. _supra, sub_ 750.

1080 An aetheling killed by Moll, king of Northumbria, at a place called
Edwin’s Cliff (Sax. Chron. ).

1081 Of Northumbria.





***END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK BEDE’S ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY OF ENGLAND***



CREDITS


December 17, 2011

Project Gutenberg TEI edition 1
Produced by Carla Foust, David King, and the Online
Distributed Proofreading Team at <http://www. pgdp. net/>. (This
book was produced from scanned images of public domain
material from the Google Print project. )



A WORD FROM PROJECT GUTENBERG


This file should be named 38326‐0. txt or 38326‐0. zip.

This and all associated files of various formats will be found in:


http://www. gutenberg. org/dirs/3/8/3/2/38326/


Updated editions will replace the previous one — the old editions will be
renamed.

Creating the works from public domain print editions means that no one
owns a United States copyright in these works, so the Foundation (and
you! ) can copy and distribute it in the United States without permission
and without paying copyright royalties. Special rules, set forth in the
General Terms of Use part of this license, apply to copying and
distributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works to protect the Project
Gutenberg™ concept and trademark. Project Gutenberg is a registered
trademark, and may not be used if you charge for the eBooks, unless you
receive specific permission. If you do not charge anything for copies of
this eBook, complying with the rules is very easy. You may use this eBook
for nearly any purpose such as creation of derivative works, reports,
performances and research. They may be modified and printed and given away
— you may do practically _anything_ with public domain eBooks.
Redistribution is subject to the trademark license, especially commercial
redistribution.



THE FULL PROJECT GUTENBERG LICENSE


_Please read this before you distribute or use this work. _

To protect the Project Gutenberg™ mission of promoting the free
distribution of electronic works, by using or distributing this work (or
any other work associated in any way with the phrase “Project Gutenberg”),
you agree to comply with all the terms of the Full Project Gutenberg™
License (available with this file or online at
http://www. gutenberg. org/license).


Section 1.


General Terms of Use & Redistributing Project Gutenberg™ electronic works


1. A.


By reading or using any part of this Project Gutenberg™ electronic work,
you indicate that you have read, understand, agree to and accept all the
terms of this license and intellectual property (trademark/copyright)
agreement. If you do not agree to abide by all the terms of this
agreement, you must cease using and return or destroy all copies of
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works in your possession. If you paid a fee
for obtaining a copy of or access to a Project Gutenberg™ electronic work
and you do not agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement, you may
obtain a refund from the person or entity to whom you paid the fee as set
forth in paragraph 1. E. 8.


1. B.


“Project Gutenberg” is a registered trademark. It may only be used on or
associated in any way with an electronic work by people who agree to be
bound by the terms of this agreement. There are a few things that you can
do with most Project Gutenberg™ electronic works even without complying
with the full terms of this agreement. See paragraph 1. C below. There are
a lot of things you can do with Project Gutenberg™ electronic works if you
follow the terms of this agreement and help preserve free future access to
Project Gutenberg™ electronic works. See paragraph 1. E below.


1. C.


The Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation (“the Foundation” or
PGLAF), owns a compilation copyright in the collection of Project
Gutenberg™ electronic works. Nearly all the individual works in the
collection are in the public domain in the United States. If an individual
work is in the public domain in the United States and you are located in
the United States, we do not claim a right to prevent you from copying,
distributing, performing, displaying or creating derivative works based on
the work as long as all references to Project Gutenberg are removed. Of
course, we hope that you will support the Project Gutenberg™ mission of
promoting free access to electronic works by freely sharing Project
Gutenberg™ works in compliance with the terms of this agreement for
keeping the Project Gutenberg™ name associated with the work. You can
easily comply with the terms of this agreement by keeping this work in the
same format with its attached full Project Gutenberg™ License when you
share it without charge with others.


1. D.


The copyright laws of the place where you are located also govern what you
can do with this work. Copyright laws in most countries are in a constant
state of change. If you are outside the United States, check the laws of
your country in addition to the terms of this agreement before
downloading, copying, displaying, performing, distributing or creating
derivative works based on this work or any other Project Gutenberg™ work.
The Foundation makes no representations concerning the copyright status of
any work in any country outside the United States.


1. E.


Unless you have removed all references to Project Gutenberg:


1. E. 1.


The following sentence, with active links to, or other immediate access
to, the full Project Gutenberg™ License must appear prominently whenever
any copy of a Project Gutenberg™ work (any work on which the phrase
“Project Gutenberg” appears, or with which the phrase “Project Gutenberg”
is associated) is accessed, displayed, performed, viewed, copied or
distributed:


This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with
almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away
or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License
included with this eBook or online at http://www. gutenberg. org


1. E. 2.


If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is derived from the
public domain (does not contain a notice indicating that it is posted with
permission of the copyright holder), the work can be copied and
distributed to anyone in the United States without paying any fees or
charges. If you are redistributing or providing access to a work with the
phrase “Project Gutenberg” associated with or appearing on the work, you
must comply either with the requirements of paragraphs 1. E. 1 through 1. E. 7
or obtain permission for the use of the work and the Project Gutenberg™
trademark as set forth in paragraphs 1. E. 8 or 1. E. 9.


1. E. 3.


If an individual Project Gutenberg™ electronic work is posted with the
permission of the copyright holder, your use and distribution must comply
with both paragraphs 1. E. 1 through 1. E. 7 and any additional terms imposed
by the copyright holder. Additional terms will be linked to the Project
Gutenberg™ License for all works posted with the permission of the
copyright holder found at the beginning of this work.


1. E. 4.


Do not unlink or detach or remove the full Project Gutenberg™ License
terms from this work, or any files containing a part of this work or any
other work associated with Project Gutenberg™.


1. E. 5.


Do not copy, display, perform, distribute or redistribute this electronic
work, or any part of this electronic work, without prominently displaying
the sentence set forth in paragraph 1. E. 1 with active links or immediate
access to the full terms of the Project Gutenberg™ License.


1. E. 6.


You may convert to and distribute this work in any binary, compressed,
marked up, nonproprietary or proprietary form, including any word
processing or hypertext form. However, if you provide access to or
distribute copies of a Project Gutenberg™ work in a format other than
“Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other format used in the official version posted
on the official Project Gutenberg™ web site (http://www. gutenberg. org),
you must, at no additional cost, fee or expense to the user, provide a
copy, a means of exporting a copy, or a means of obtaining a copy upon
request, of the work in its original “Plain Vanilla ASCII” or other form.
Any alternate format must include the full Project Gutenberg™ License as
specified in paragraph 1. E. 1.


1. E. 7.


Do not charge a fee for access to, viewing, displaying, performing,
copying or distributing any Project Gutenberg™ works unless you comply
with paragraph 1. E. 8 or 1. E. 9.


1. E.