He has written (Lives)
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III.
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
; many of them are forbidden in
Russia. His later works are: "The Kreutzer
Sonata) (1888); Death of Ivan Ilyitch) (1884-
86); (Master and Man' (1895). Nearly all
have been translated into English and most
other modern languages. *
Tomasini, Jacopo Filippo (to-mä-se'nē). An
Italian miscellaneous writer; born at Padua,
1597; died 1654, at Citta Nuova in Istria, of
which see he was bishop. He wrote: Lives
of Illustrious Men, with Portraits (1630); 'Pe-
trarch Come to Life Again (1635), a work of
curious interest ; (On Votive Offerings' (1629).
Tomes, Robert.
An American physician
and author; born in New York city, March 27,
1817; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Aug. 28, 1882.
Besides many contributions to journals and
periodicals, he published: (The Bourbon Prince)
(1853); (Richard the Lion-Hearted? (1853);
(Oliver Cromwell (1855); Panama in 1855)
(1855); (The Americans in Japan (1857); “The
Battles of America by Sea and Land? (3 vols. ,
1861); 'The Champagne Country) (1867); and
(The War with the South) (3 vols. , 1864 67).
Tommaseo, Niccolò (to-mä'sē-). An Italian
miscellaneous writer; born at Sevenico in Dal-
matia, Oct. 9, 1802; died at Florence, May 1,
1874. He wrote the novel 'The Duke of Ath-
ens) (1837); (Commentary on Dante) (1837),
immortality; (Adeisidæmon (1709), a tractate
on belief in dæmons; (Nazarenus; or, Jewish,
Gentile, and Mohametan Christianity) (1718);
(Pantheisticon (1720).
Toldy, Franz (tol'de). A Hungarian histo-
rian of literature; born at Buda-Pesth, Aug.
10, 1805; died there, Dec. 10, 1875, professor
of Hungarian literature. He wrote : (Manual
of Hungarian Poetry) (1828); (History of the
Hungarian National Literature (1851); (His-
tory of Hungarian Poetry) (1857).
Tollens, Hendrik Caroluszoon (tol'lens). A
Dutch poet; born at Rotterdam, Sept. 24, 1780;
died at Ryswick, Oct. 21, 1856. Among his best
## p. 529 (#545) ############################################
TOMPA - TOSTI
529
a
a work of great merit; the half mystical, half
erotic novel (Faith and Beauty) (1840); (Crit-
ical Studies' (1843);( The Death Penalty' (1865).
He also compiled a valuable collection of
(Popular Songs: Tuscan, Corsican, Illyrian,
Greek) (4 vols. , 1844), and a Dictionary of
Italian Synonyms) (7 vols. , 1856).
Tompa, Michael (tôn pā). A Hungarian
poet; born at Rimaszombat, in the county of
Gömör, Sept. 29, 1819; died July 30, 1868. He
wrote: (Folk Tales and Popular Sayings)
(1846); several allegorical poems, among them
(The Stork) (1847), expressing the popular
sympathy with the coming revolution ; (Stories
of the Flowers) (1854).
Tomson, Graham R. See Watson, Rosa-
mund.
Tonna, Charlotte Elizabeth Browne.
(“Charlotte Elizabeth. ”] An English religious
writer; born in Norwich, Oct. 1, 1790 (or 1792);
died July 12, 1846. In her childhood she lost
her sight, and regained it. She wrote: (Ju-
dah's Lion); (Judæa Capta); Principalities
and Powers); (Personal Recollections) (1841).
Tooke, John Horne. An English political
writer and grammarian ; born at Westminster,
June 25, 1736 ; died at Wimbledon, March 18,
1812. The chief of his early works was a
pamphlet entitled The Petition of an Eng-
lishman. He studied law; took orders in the
Church of England; was a friend and adher-
ent of Wilkes, but afterward quarreled with
him, and was denounced in the famous Junius
Letters. He was sentenced to a year's im-
prisonment for libel, and while in prison wrote
(A Letter to John Dunning, Esq. ,' in which he
reviewed the legal aspects of his case. His
chief work, 'Epea Pteroenta [Winged Words);
or, The Diversions of Purley, was published
in 1805. He was an active member of the
Society of Correspondence formed by the ad-
mirers of the French Revolution, and was
committed to the Tower, but acquitted.
Topelius, Zacharias (top-el'ē-us). A Fin-
nish poet and novelist; born near Ny Karleby,
Jan. 14, 1818. He became editor of the Hel-
singfors Tidningar in 1842, retaining his con-
nection with it until 1860. His earliest produc-
tions appeared in his journal; some of them
were issued later in book form under the title
(Ljungblommer) (Heather Flowers: 1845-54).
He also wrote a number of dramas, (Efter
Femtio Ar) (Fifty Years Later: 1851); (Regina
af Emmertz) (1854). Many of his juvenile
stories have been translated into English. His
best-known work is (Fältskärens Berättelser)
(The Surgeon's Stories: 6 vols. , 1872-74), a
collection of tales dealing with the history of
Sweden and Finland during the 17th and 18th
centuries.
Töpfer, Karl (tep'fer). A German writer of
comedies; born at Berlin, Dec. 26, 1792; died at
Hamburg, Aug. 22, 1871. Among his comedies
are: (The Best Tone); (Courting according to
Prescription); (Rosenmüller and Finke. He
wrote also Narratives and Stories) (2 vols. ,
1842–44).
Topin, Marius (to-pan'). A French histor-
ical writer; born at Aix, Dec. 25, 1838. He
wrote: The Cardinal de Retz, his Genius
and his Writings) (1864); (History of Aigues-
Mortes) (1865); Europe and the Bourbons un-
der Louis XIV. ? (1867); (The Man in the Iron
Mask' (1869); Contemporary Novelists) (1876).
Toplady, Augustus Montague. An English
clergyman and hymn-writer; born at Farnham,
Surrey, Nov. 4, 1740; died at Leicester Fields,
London, Aug. 11, 1778. He was editor of the
Gospel Magazine, and author of many hymns,
chief of which is (Rock of Ages.
Toppfer (or Töpffer), Rodolphe (top'făr).
A Swiss littérateur; born at Geneva, Feb. 17,
1799; died June 8, 1846. His father was
painter, and he wished to be one also, but an
affection of the eyes prevented. He wrote:
(Zigzag Tours) (1843); “The Heritage' (1834);
(Rosa and Gertrude) (1846); (Travels and
Adventures of Dr. Festus) (1840); etc.
Torelli, Achille (tõ-rel'ē). An Italian writer
of comedy; born at Naples, May 5, 1844. He
wrote at 16 his first comedy, "Who Dieth Lieth.
Of his others, the most successful were : (A
Court in the 17th Century); (The Mission of
Woman); Husbands) (1867); (Sad Reality)
(1871); (Truth) (1875); (The Color of the
Times) (1875).
Torfeson, Thormodur, also known as Tor-
fæus (tor'fė-son). A Danish historian; born
on the isle of Engoe, off the south coast of
Iceland, 1640; died 1719. His principal works,
all written in Latin, are: (History of the Faroe
Islands) (1695); "History of the Orkneys)
(1697); Line of the Dynasties and Kings of
Denmark) (1702); History of Old Vinland)
(1705); (Ancient Greenland (1706); (The His-
toric Trefoil (1707); History of Norway)
(4 vols. , 1711), his greatest work.
Torre, Alonso de la (tor'é). A Spanish en-
cyclopædic writer, who lived in the 16th cen-
tury. He is author of "The Delectable Vision
of Philosophy, the Liberal Arts, Metaphysics,
and Moral Philosophy) (1526), a sort of ency-
clopædia in the form of dialogues.
Torrey, Bradford. An American nature
essayist; born in Weymouth, Mass. , Oct. 9, 1843.
He was educated in the public schools, taught
two years, then entered business in Boston. In
1886 he became assistant editor of the Youth's
Companion. He is a close student of birds,
and writes largely on this subject for the mag-
azines. His essays have been collected into the
following volumes : (Birds in the Bush) (1885);
(The Foot-Path Way); (A Rambler's Lease);
(A Florida Sketch-Book); 'Spring Notes from
Tennessee) (1896).
Tosti, Ludovico (tos'tē). A distinguished
Italian church historian; born about 1800 ;
died 1866. He was a Benedictine monk, and
wrote : (History of Monte Cassino); (History
(
(
a
34
## p. 530 (#546) ############################################
530
TOTTEN— TRAILL
)
of Boniface VIII. , in which that pope is
defended against the accusations of Dante;
'Abelard and his Time); (The Countess Ma.
tilda and the Roman Pontiffs '; The Lombard
League, a spirited account of the struggle of
the Italian communes with the German em-
perors ; 'History of the Council of Constance);
(History of the Greek Schism”; Prolegomena
to a Universal History of the Church' (2 vols. ).
Totten, Charles Adelle Lewis. An Ameri-
can army officer, inventor, lecturer, and writer
on military subjects; born at New London,
Conn. , Feb. 3, 1851. He has written; 'Strategos,
the American War Game) (1880); Important
Question in Metrology) (1883); “Yale Military
Lectures); Nativity, its Facts and Fancies)
(1887). His writings are now devoted to ques-
tions of prophecy.
Touchard-Lafosse, G. (tö-chärʻlä-fos'). A
French novelist and miscellaneous writer; born
at La Châtre, 1780; died at Paris, 1847. Among
his very numerous writings are: Political
Puppets) (5 vols. , 1829); Chronicles of the
il-de-Beuf (8 vols. , 1829-33), a collection of
scandalous anecdotes; (Jean Angot: A Story of
the 16th Century) (2 vols. , 1835); Chronicles
of the Opera (2 vols. , 1854); “Recollections of
Half a Century) (6 vols).
Tourgee, Albion Winegar. An American
lawyer, author, and editor; born at Williams-
field, O. , May 2, 1838. He served in the North-
ern army (1861–65), settled in the South, was
a judge, and afterwards editor. He has pub-
lished: (The North Carolina Form Book)
(1874); (The North Carolina Code) (1878);
Legal Digest) (1879); North Carolina Re-
ports) (1879). His most popular novels are :
(Figs and Thistles) (1879); A Fool's Errand,
by One of the Fools) (1879); (Bricks Without
Straw) (1880); "Hot Plowshares) (1883); (An
Appeal to Cæsar) (1884); Black Ice) (1887);
and Button's Inn (1887).
Tourneur, Cyril. An Elizabethan dramatist,
the dates of whose birth and death are uncer-
tain. He was author of two plays, (The Re-
venger's Tragedy) (1607), and “The Atheist's
Tragedy) (1011); and of a poem entitled “The
Transformed Metamorphosis' (1600).
Towle, George Makepeace. An American
journalist, author, and littérateur. He was born
in Washington, D. C. , Aug. 27, 1841 ; died in
Brookline, Mass. , Aug. 10, 1893. He was United
States consul at Nantes, France, 1866-68; and
at Bradford, England, 1868-70. His works in-
clude: (Glimpses of History) (1865); Henry
the Fifth) (1866); (American Society) (1870);
( The Eastern Question) (1877); (Servia and
Roumania) (1877); Beaconsfield' (1878);
(Young Folks' Heroes of History) (1878-80);
(Modern France (1879); (Men of Mark) (1880);
(England and Russia in Asia) (1885); ( England
in Egypt) (1885); Literature of the English
Language.
Towles, Mrs. Catharine Webb. An Amer-
ican author; born in Charlemont, Mass. , Oct. 25,
1823. She was editor of several Southern mag-
azines, and has published: (Three Golden
Links) (1857); “Tales for the Freemason's Fire-
side) (1859); Poor Claire; or, Life Among
the Queer) (1883).
Townsend, Edward Waterman. An Amer-
ican journalist and writer of dialect stories; born
in Ohio, 1855. His stories and sketches, first
printed in the daily journals, are collected un-
der the titles: (Chimmie Fadden, Major Max,
and Other Stories ';'Chimmie Fadden Explains,
Major Max Expounds); (A Daughter of the
Tenements); Near a Whole City Full. ? In
collaboration he has written several plays:
(Chimmie Fadden); Daughter of the Tene.
ments); (The Marquis of Michigan.
Townsend, George Alfred. (“Gath. ”] An
American journalist and war correspondent;
born in Georgetown, Del. , Jan. 30, 1841. He
became a journalist in 1860. He was special
correspondent for the New York Herald and
World (1860-64), afterwards public lecturer, and
war correspondent in the Austro-Prussian War
(1866). His publications in book form are:
(Campaigns of a Non-Combatant) (1865); "Life
of Garibaldi) (1867); Life of Abraham Lin-
coln (1867); (The New World and the Old);
Poems) (1870); "Washington Outside and
Inside) (1871); (Bohemian Days) (1881); (The
Entailed Hat) (1884), and (Katy of Catoctin;
or, The Chain-Breakers) (1886), novels; Life
of Levi P. Morton (1888).
Townsend, Mrs. Mary Ashley. [“Xariffa. ”]
An American poet and author; born in Lyons,
N. Y. , about 1836. She contributed sketches
to the N. O. Delta that attracted attention, and
afterwards published, “Xariffa's Poems); 'The
Brother Clerks) (1859); Poems) (1870); (The
Captain's Story) (1874); “Down the Bayou,' etc.
(1884).
Townsend, Virginia Frances. An Ameri-
can author and novelist; born in New Haven,
Conn. , in 1836. She has edited Arthur's Home
Magazine, has contributed to many journals and
magazines, and written many popular novels.
Among these are: “While It Was Morning)
(1859); (Amy Deane, and Other Tales) (1862);
(The Well in the Rock,' etc. (1863); (The Battle-
Fields of our Fathers) (1864); Janet Strong
(1865); Darryl Gap) (1866); (The Hollands)
(1869); (One Woman's Two Lovers) (1872);
(Elizabeth Tudor) (1874); (Only Girls) (1876);
(Six in All' (1878); and (Our Presidents' (1888).
Toy, Crawford Howell. An American L'ni-
tarian clergyman and scholar; born in Norfolk,
Va. , March 23, 1836. He has been professor of
Hebrew at Harvard University since 1880. He
has written : (History of the Religion of Israel
(1882); (Quotations in the New Testament)
(1884); (Judaism and Christianity : Progress of
Thought from the Old Testament to the New)
(1890).
Traill, Catherine Parr (Strickland). An
English writer, sister of Agnes; born in Kent,
Jan. 9, 1802. She removed to Canada in 1833
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
TRAILL-TRESCOT
531
:
and has made her home for many years at
Lakefield, Ont. Among her works are : (The
Backwoods of Canada) (London, 1835); (Cana.
dian Crusoes) (1852); “Ramblings in the Cana-
dian Forests) (1854); Afar in the Forest)
(1869); (Studies of Plant Life) (1884); "Pearls
and Pebbles) (1895).
Traill, Henry Duff. An English journalist
and man of letters; born at Blackheath, Aug.
14, 1842; graduated from St. John's, Oxford,
1864. He was called to the bar in 1868, but
soon took to literature.
He has written (Lives)
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III. , Sterne, Coleridge, and
others; also Central Government) (1881); Re-
captured Rhymes) (1882); “The New Lucian)
(1884); (Two Proper Prides;) etc. He has
lately edited (Social England: A Record of the
Progress of the People, in six large volumes;
and been made (1897) editor of the weekly
review Literature.
Train, Elizabeth Phipps. An American
novelist; born in 1857. Among her works are :
(Dr. Lamar); (Autobiography of a Professional
Beauty); (A Social Highwayman); (A Marital
Liability); and translations from the French,
(The Shadow of Dr. Laroque); (Recollections
of the Court of the Tuileries.
Train, George Francis. An American lect-
urer and writer, noted for his eccentricities;
born in Boston, March 24, 1829; traveled ex-
tensively in early life; lectured in Great Britain
and Ireland, returning to this country in 1862.
He has written : (An American Merchant in
Europe, Asia, and Australia) ( 1857 ); “Young
America Abroad' ( 1857 ); “Young America in
Wall Street) (1858); “Spread-Eagleism' (1859);
(Every Man his own Autocrat) (1859); (Observ-
ations on Street Railways); (Union Speeches)
(1862); Downfall of England) (1865); and
(Championship of Woman) (1868).
Treat, Mrs. Mary Lea Adelia (Davis)
(Allen). An American naturalist; born 18–.
She has written : "Chapters on Ants); (Home
Studies in Nature); Injurious Insects of the
Farm and Garden); (My Garden Pets. )
Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard von (tritsh'-
kė). A German historian ; born at Dresden,
Sept. 15. 1834; died at Berlin, April 28, 1896.
He wrote: (The Science of Society) (1859).
His chief work is "German History in the 19th
Century) (5 vols. , 1879-94). He wrote also:
(Historical and Political Disquisitions) (1865);
"Socialism and its Supporters) (1878); (A Word
on our Jewry) (1890); Biographical and His-
torical Discussions) (1897).
Trelawny, Edward John. An English au-
thor of celebrity ; born in Cornwall, March 10,
1792 ; died at Sompting, Sussex, Aug. 13, 1881.
He is remembered as a picturesque and some-
what theatrical adventurer (supposed to be
drawn by Byron in (The Corsair), the friend
of Byron, Shelley, etc. , and Byron's companion
(1823) in the Greek war of liberation. He
wrote a novel called Adventures of a Younger
Son) (1830); but his best-known work is (Recol-
lections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron)
(1858), reissued in 1878 as (Records of Byron,
Shelley, and the Author. His body was cre-
mated, and the ashes interred near Shelley's
at Rome. His portrait is preserved in Millais's
painting (The Northwest Passage. )
Trembecki, Stanislav (trem-betsʻkē). A
Polish poet; born near Cracow, about 1723;
died at Tulczyn in Podolia, Dec. 12, 1812. His
most considerable poem, Zofijovka,' is a de-
scription of a park laid out by the poet's patron,
Count Potocki, for his wife Sophia.
Trench, Richard Chenevix. An eminent
British philologist and essayist; born in Dub-
lin, Sept. 9, 1807; died in London, March 28,
1886. He was dean of Westminster 1856-63;
archbishop of Dublin from 1864. He was noted
in philology, on which he wrote Deficiencies
in our English Dictionaries. ) Among many
other works may be mentioned : (Poems from
Eastern Sources) (1842 ); «Elegiac Poems)
(1846); Poems Collected and Arranged Anew)
(1865); Notes on the Parables of our Lord)
(1841; 15th ed. 1884); Notes on the Mir-
acles of our Lord) (1846, 13th ed. 1886); (On
the Study of Words) (1851, 15th ed. 1874 );
(English Past and Present) (1855-81); (The
Authorized Version of the New Testament, in
Connection with some Recent Proposals for Its
Revision) (1858); (Select Glossary of English
Words Used Formerly in Senses Different from
their Present' (1859); “Studies on the Gospels)
(1867); Lectures on Mediæval Church His-
tory) (1877). He edited several volumes of
poetry, and (Remains of the Late Mrs. Richard
Trench,' his mother (1862).
Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf (tren'de-
len-börs'). A German philosopher; born at
Eutin, Nov. 30, 1802; died at Berlin, Jan. 24,
1872. He set forth the ethical aspect of his
philosophy in the treatise (The Ethical Idea
of Right and Law,' and the æsthetic aspect in
(Niobe ) ( 1846 ) and (The Cathedral of Cologne)
(1853). He wrote also Natural Justice on the
Ground of Ethics) (2d ed. 1860).
Trent, William Peterfield. An American
man of letters, dean of the department of arts
and sciences and professor of English and of
history in the University of the South; born
1862. He has made a special study of South-
ern men and times, and has published: (Life
of William Gilmore Simms); English Culture
in Virginia); (Southern Statesmen of the Old
Régime) (1897).
Trescot, William Henry. An American
diplomatist; born in Charleston, S. C. , Nov. 10,
1822. He was United States counsel at the
Halifax Fishery Commission in 1877 ; special
envoy to South America in 1881; and pleni-
potentiary with General Grant to negotiate a
treaty with Mexico in 1882. He is the author
of Foreign Policy of the United States) (1849);
(Diplomacy of the Revolution (1852); (An
(
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
532
TREVELYAN - TROUBETZKOI
>
American View of the Eastern Question) (1854);
(Diplomatic History of the Administrations of
Washington and Adams) (1857); besides vari.
ous memoirs, addresses, and pamphlets.
Trevelyan, Charles Edward, Sir. An Eng-
lish statesman and writer; born April 2, 1807;
died in London, June 19, 1886. He was Assist-
ant Secretary to the Treasury, 1840; finance
minister in India, 1862–65. He married Lord
Macaulay's sister. He wrote: (Education of
the People of Ireland) (1838); (The Irish
Crisis) (1848); (The Purchase System in the
British Army) (1867); (The British Army in
1868) (1869 ); (Christianity and Hinduism
(1881); etc.
Trevelyan, George Otto, Sir. An English
statesman and author, son of Sir Charles Tre-
velyan and Hannah Macaulay; born at Rothley
Temple, Leicestershire, July 20, 1838. He was
secretary for Scotland, 1885-86, and again 1892-
95. Among his writings are : (Letters of a Com-
petition Wallah) (1864); (Cawnpore) (1865);
(The Ladies in Parliament, and Other Pieces)
(1869); Life of Lord Macaulay) (1876); Early
History of Charles James Fox) (1880).
Trochu, Louis Jules (tro-shü'). A distin-
guished French soldier; born at Palais in
Morbihan, May 12, 1815; died at Tours, Oct.
7, 1896. He wrote: (The Empire and the De-
fense of Paris) (1872); For Truth and Justice)
(1873); (Politics and the Siege of Paris) (1874);
"Society, the State, and the Army) (1896).
Trogus. Pompeius, or Pompeius Trogus
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831. He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
Russia. His later works are: "The Kreutzer
Sonata) (1888); Death of Ivan Ilyitch) (1884-
86); (Master and Man' (1895). Nearly all
have been translated into English and most
other modern languages. *
Tomasini, Jacopo Filippo (to-mä-se'nē). An
Italian miscellaneous writer; born at Padua,
1597; died 1654, at Citta Nuova in Istria, of
which see he was bishop. He wrote: Lives
of Illustrious Men, with Portraits (1630); 'Pe-
trarch Come to Life Again (1635), a work of
curious interest ; (On Votive Offerings' (1629).
Tomes, Robert.
An American physician
and author; born in New York city, March 27,
1817; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Aug. 28, 1882.
Besides many contributions to journals and
periodicals, he published: (The Bourbon Prince)
(1853); (Richard the Lion-Hearted? (1853);
(Oliver Cromwell (1855); Panama in 1855)
(1855); (The Americans in Japan (1857); “The
Battles of America by Sea and Land? (3 vols. ,
1861); 'The Champagne Country) (1867); and
(The War with the South) (3 vols. , 1864 67).
Tommaseo, Niccolò (to-mä'sē-). An Italian
miscellaneous writer; born at Sevenico in Dal-
matia, Oct. 9, 1802; died at Florence, May 1,
1874. He wrote the novel 'The Duke of Ath-
ens) (1837); (Commentary on Dante) (1837),
immortality; (Adeisidæmon (1709), a tractate
on belief in dæmons; (Nazarenus; or, Jewish,
Gentile, and Mohametan Christianity) (1718);
(Pantheisticon (1720).
Toldy, Franz (tol'de). A Hungarian histo-
rian of literature; born at Buda-Pesth, Aug.
10, 1805; died there, Dec. 10, 1875, professor
of Hungarian literature. He wrote : (Manual
of Hungarian Poetry) (1828); (History of the
Hungarian National Literature (1851); (His-
tory of Hungarian Poetry) (1857).
Tollens, Hendrik Caroluszoon (tol'lens). A
Dutch poet; born at Rotterdam, Sept. 24, 1780;
died at Ryswick, Oct. 21, 1856. Among his best
## p. 529 (#545) ############################################
TOMPA - TOSTI
529
a
a work of great merit; the half mystical, half
erotic novel (Faith and Beauty) (1840); (Crit-
ical Studies' (1843);( The Death Penalty' (1865).
He also compiled a valuable collection of
(Popular Songs: Tuscan, Corsican, Illyrian,
Greek) (4 vols. , 1844), and a Dictionary of
Italian Synonyms) (7 vols. , 1856).
Tompa, Michael (tôn pā). A Hungarian
poet; born at Rimaszombat, in the county of
Gömör, Sept. 29, 1819; died July 30, 1868. He
wrote: (Folk Tales and Popular Sayings)
(1846); several allegorical poems, among them
(The Stork) (1847), expressing the popular
sympathy with the coming revolution ; (Stories
of the Flowers) (1854).
Tomson, Graham R. See Watson, Rosa-
mund.
Tonna, Charlotte Elizabeth Browne.
(“Charlotte Elizabeth. ”] An English religious
writer; born in Norwich, Oct. 1, 1790 (or 1792);
died July 12, 1846. In her childhood she lost
her sight, and regained it. She wrote: (Ju-
dah's Lion); (Judæa Capta); Principalities
and Powers); (Personal Recollections) (1841).
Tooke, John Horne. An English political
writer and grammarian ; born at Westminster,
June 25, 1736 ; died at Wimbledon, March 18,
1812. The chief of his early works was a
pamphlet entitled The Petition of an Eng-
lishman. He studied law; took orders in the
Church of England; was a friend and adher-
ent of Wilkes, but afterward quarreled with
him, and was denounced in the famous Junius
Letters. He was sentenced to a year's im-
prisonment for libel, and while in prison wrote
(A Letter to John Dunning, Esq. ,' in which he
reviewed the legal aspects of his case. His
chief work, 'Epea Pteroenta [Winged Words);
or, The Diversions of Purley, was published
in 1805. He was an active member of the
Society of Correspondence formed by the ad-
mirers of the French Revolution, and was
committed to the Tower, but acquitted.
Topelius, Zacharias (top-el'ē-us). A Fin-
nish poet and novelist; born near Ny Karleby,
Jan. 14, 1818. He became editor of the Hel-
singfors Tidningar in 1842, retaining his con-
nection with it until 1860. His earliest produc-
tions appeared in his journal; some of them
were issued later in book form under the title
(Ljungblommer) (Heather Flowers: 1845-54).
He also wrote a number of dramas, (Efter
Femtio Ar) (Fifty Years Later: 1851); (Regina
af Emmertz) (1854). Many of his juvenile
stories have been translated into English. His
best-known work is (Fältskärens Berättelser)
(The Surgeon's Stories: 6 vols. , 1872-74), a
collection of tales dealing with the history of
Sweden and Finland during the 17th and 18th
centuries.
Töpfer, Karl (tep'fer). A German writer of
comedies; born at Berlin, Dec. 26, 1792; died at
Hamburg, Aug. 22, 1871. Among his comedies
are: (The Best Tone); (Courting according to
Prescription); (Rosenmüller and Finke. He
wrote also Narratives and Stories) (2 vols. ,
1842–44).
Topin, Marius (to-pan'). A French histor-
ical writer; born at Aix, Dec. 25, 1838. He
wrote: The Cardinal de Retz, his Genius
and his Writings) (1864); (History of Aigues-
Mortes) (1865); Europe and the Bourbons un-
der Louis XIV. ? (1867); (The Man in the Iron
Mask' (1869); Contemporary Novelists) (1876).
Toplady, Augustus Montague. An English
clergyman and hymn-writer; born at Farnham,
Surrey, Nov. 4, 1740; died at Leicester Fields,
London, Aug. 11, 1778. He was editor of the
Gospel Magazine, and author of many hymns,
chief of which is (Rock of Ages.
Toppfer (or Töpffer), Rodolphe (top'făr).
A Swiss littérateur; born at Geneva, Feb. 17,
1799; died June 8, 1846. His father was
painter, and he wished to be one also, but an
affection of the eyes prevented. He wrote:
(Zigzag Tours) (1843); “The Heritage' (1834);
(Rosa and Gertrude) (1846); (Travels and
Adventures of Dr. Festus) (1840); etc.
Torelli, Achille (tõ-rel'ē). An Italian writer
of comedy; born at Naples, May 5, 1844. He
wrote at 16 his first comedy, "Who Dieth Lieth.
Of his others, the most successful were : (A
Court in the 17th Century); (The Mission of
Woman); Husbands) (1867); (Sad Reality)
(1871); (Truth) (1875); (The Color of the
Times) (1875).
Torfeson, Thormodur, also known as Tor-
fæus (tor'fė-son). A Danish historian; born
on the isle of Engoe, off the south coast of
Iceland, 1640; died 1719. His principal works,
all written in Latin, are: (History of the Faroe
Islands) (1695); "History of the Orkneys)
(1697); Line of the Dynasties and Kings of
Denmark) (1702); History of Old Vinland)
(1705); (Ancient Greenland (1706); (The His-
toric Trefoil (1707); History of Norway)
(4 vols. , 1711), his greatest work.
Torre, Alonso de la (tor'é). A Spanish en-
cyclopædic writer, who lived in the 16th cen-
tury. He is author of "The Delectable Vision
of Philosophy, the Liberal Arts, Metaphysics,
and Moral Philosophy) (1526), a sort of ency-
clopædia in the form of dialogues.
Torrey, Bradford. An American nature
essayist; born in Weymouth, Mass. , Oct. 9, 1843.
He was educated in the public schools, taught
two years, then entered business in Boston. In
1886 he became assistant editor of the Youth's
Companion. He is a close student of birds,
and writes largely on this subject for the mag-
azines. His essays have been collected into the
following volumes : (Birds in the Bush) (1885);
(The Foot-Path Way); (A Rambler's Lease);
(A Florida Sketch-Book); 'Spring Notes from
Tennessee) (1896).
Tosti, Ludovico (tos'tē). A distinguished
Italian church historian; born about 1800 ;
died 1866. He was a Benedictine monk, and
wrote : (History of Monte Cassino); (History
(
(
a
34
## p. 530 (#546) ############################################
530
TOTTEN— TRAILL
)
of Boniface VIII. , in which that pope is
defended against the accusations of Dante;
'Abelard and his Time); (The Countess Ma.
tilda and the Roman Pontiffs '; The Lombard
League, a spirited account of the struggle of
the Italian communes with the German em-
perors ; 'History of the Council of Constance);
(History of the Greek Schism”; Prolegomena
to a Universal History of the Church' (2 vols. ).
Totten, Charles Adelle Lewis. An Ameri-
can army officer, inventor, lecturer, and writer
on military subjects; born at New London,
Conn. , Feb. 3, 1851. He has written; 'Strategos,
the American War Game) (1880); Important
Question in Metrology) (1883); “Yale Military
Lectures); Nativity, its Facts and Fancies)
(1887). His writings are now devoted to ques-
tions of prophecy.
Touchard-Lafosse, G. (tö-chärʻlä-fos'). A
French novelist and miscellaneous writer; born
at La Châtre, 1780; died at Paris, 1847. Among
his very numerous writings are: Political
Puppets) (5 vols. , 1829); Chronicles of the
il-de-Beuf (8 vols. , 1829-33), a collection of
scandalous anecdotes; (Jean Angot: A Story of
the 16th Century) (2 vols. , 1835); Chronicles
of the Opera (2 vols. , 1854); “Recollections of
Half a Century) (6 vols).
Tourgee, Albion Winegar. An American
lawyer, author, and editor; born at Williams-
field, O. , May 2, 1838. He served in the North-
ern army (1861–65), settled in the South, was
a judge, and afterwards editor. He has pub-
lished: (The North Carolina Form Book)
(1874); (The North Carolina Code) (1878);
Legal Digest) (1879); North Carolina Re-
ports) (1879). His most popular novels are :
(Figs and Thistles) (1879); A Fool's Errand,
by One of the Fools) (1879); (Bricks Without
Straw) (1880); "Hot Plowshares) (1883); (An
Appeal to Cæsar) (1884); Black Ice) (1887);
and Button's Inn (1887).
Tourneur, Cyril. An Elizabethan dramatist,
the dates of whose birth and death are uncer-
tain. He was author of two plays, (The Re-
venger's Tragedy) (1607), and “The Atheist's
Tragedy) (1011); and of a poem entitled “The
Transformed Metamorphosis' (1600).
Towle, George Makepeace. An American
journalist, author, and littérateur. He was born
in Washington, D. C. , Aug. 27, 1841 ; died in
Brookline, Mass. , Aug. 10, 1893. He was United
States consul at Nantes, France, 1866-68; and
at Bradford, England, 1868-70. His works in-
clude: (Glimpses of History) (1865); Henry
the Fifth) (1866); (American Society) (1870);
( The Eastern Question) (1877); (Servia and
Roumania) (1877); Beaconsfield' (1878);
(Young Folks' Heroes of History) (1878-80);
(Modern France (1879); (Men of Mark) (1880);
(England and Russia in Asia) (1885); ( England
in Egypt) (1885); Literature of the English
Language.
Towles, Mrs. Catharine Webb. An Amer-
ican author; born in Charlemont, Mass. , Oct. 25,
1823. She was editor of several Southern mag-
azines, and has published: (Three Golden
Links) (1857); “Tales for the Freemason's Fire-
side) (1859); Poor Claire; or, Life Among
the Queer) (1883).
Townsend, Edward Waterman. An Amer-
ican journalist and writer of dialect stories; born
in Ohio, 1855. His stories and sketches, first
printed in the daily journals, are collected un-
der the titles: (Chimmie Fadden, Major Max,
and Other Stories ';'Chimmie Fadden Explains,
Major Max Expounds); (A Daughter of the
Tenements); Near a Whole City Full. ? In
collaboration he has written several plays:
(Chimmie Fadden); Daughter of the Tene.
ments); (The Marquis of Michigan.
Townsend, George Alfred. (“Gath. ”] An
American journalist and war correspondent;
born in Georgetown, Del. , Jan. 30, 1841. He
became a journalist in 1860. He was special
correspondent for the New York Herald and
World (1860-64), afterwards public lecturer, and
war correspondent in the Austro-Prussian War
(1866). His publications in book form are:
(Campaigns of a Non-Combatant) (1865); "Life
of Garibaldi) (1867); Life of Abraham Lin-
coln (1867); (The New World and the Old);
Poems) (1870); "Washington Outside and
Inside) (1871); (Bohemian Days) (1881); (The
Entailed Hat) (1884), and (Katy of Catoctin;
or, The Chain-Breakers) (1886), novels; Life
of Levi P. Morton (1888).
Townsend, Mrs. Mary Ashley. [“Xariffa. ”]
An American poet and author; born in Lyons,
N. Y. , about 1836. She contributed sketches
to the N. O. Delta that attracted attention, and
afterwards published, “Xariffa's Poems); 'The
Brother Clerks) (1859); Poems) (1870); (The
Captain's Story) (1874); “Down the Bayou,' etc.
(1884).
Townsend, Virginia Frances. An Ameri-
can author and novelist; born in New Haven,
Conn. , in 1836. She has edited Arthur's Home
Magazine, has contributed to many journals and
magazines, and written many popular novels.
Among these are: “While It Was Morning)
(1859); (Amy Deane, and Other Tales) (1862);
(The Well in the Rock,' etc. (1863); (The Battle-
Fields of our Fathers) (1864); Janet Strong
(1865); Darryl Gap) (1866); (The Hollands)
(1869); (One Woman's Two Lovers) (1872);
(Elizabeth Tudor) (1874); (Only Girls) (1876);
(Six in All' (1878); and (Our Presidents' (1888).
Toy, Crawford Howell. An American L'ni-
tarian clergyman and scholar; born in Norfolk,
Va. , March 23, 1836. He has been professor of
Hebrew at Harvard University since 1880. He
has written : (History of the Religion of Israel
(1882); (Quotations in the New Testament)
(1884); (Judaism and Christianity : Progress of
Thought from the Old Testament to the New)
(1890).
Traill, Catherine Parr (Strickland). An
English writer, sister of Agnes; born in Kent,
Jan. 9, 1802. She removed to Canada in 1833
## p. 531 (#547) ############################################
TRAILL-TRESCOT
531
:
and has made her home for many years at
Lakefield, Ont. Among her works are : (The
Backwoods of Canada) (London, 1835); (Cana.
dian Crusoes) (1852); “Ramblings in the Cana-
dian Forests) (1854); Afar in the Forest)
(1869); (Studies of Plant Life) (1884); "Pearls
and Pebbles) (1895).
Traill, Henry Duff. An English journalist
and man of letters; born at Blackheath, Aug.
14, 1842; graduated from St. John's, Oxford,
1864. He was called to the bar in 1868, but
soon took to literature.
He has written (Lives)
of Strafford (a very original work with a new
view), William III. , Sterne, Coleridge, and
others; also Central Government) (1881); Re-
captured Rhymes) (1882); “The New Lucian)
(1884); (Two Proper Prides;) etc. He has
lately edited (Social England: A Record of the
Progress of the People, in six large volumes;
and been made (1897) editor of the weekly
review Literature.
Train, Elizabeth Phipps. An American
novelist; born in 1857. Among her works are :
(Dr. Lamar); (Autobiography of a Professional
Beauty); (A Social Highwayman); (A Marital
Liability); and translations from the French,
(The Shadow of Dr. Laroque); (Recollections
of the Court of the Tuileries.
Train, George Francis. An American lect-
urer and writer, noted for his eccentricities;
born in Boston, March 24, 1829; traveled ex-
tensively in early life; lectured in Great Britain
and Ireland, returning to this country in 1862.
He has written : (An American Merchant in
Europe, Asia, and Australia) ( 1857 ); “Young
America Abroad' ( 1857 ); “Young America in
Wall Street) (1858); “Spread-Eagleism' (1859);
(Every Man his own Autocrat) (1859); (Observ-
ations on Street Railways); (Union Speeches)
(1862); Downfall of England) (1865); and
(Championship of Woman) (1868).
Treat, Mrs. Mary Lea Adelia (Davis)
(Allen). An American naturalist; born 18–.
She has written : "Chapters on Ants); (Home
Studies in Nature); Injurious Insects of the
Farm and Garden); (My Garden Pets. )
Treitschke, Heinrich Gotthard von (tritsh'-
kė). A German historian ; born at Dresden,
Sept. 15. 1834; died at Berlin, April 28, 1896.
He wrote: (The Science of Society) (1859).
His chief work is "German History in the 19th
Century) (5 vols. , 1879-94). He wrote also:
(Historical and Political Disquisitions) (1865);
"Socialism and its Supporters) (1878); (A Word
on our Jewry) (1890); Biographical and His-
torical Discussions) (1897).
Trelawny, Edward John. An English au-
thor of celebrity ; born in Cornwall, March 10,
1792 ; died at Sompting, Sussex, Aug. 13, 1881.
He is remembered as a picturesque and some-
what theatrical adventurer (supposed to be
drawn by Byron in (The Corsair), the friend
of Byron, Shelley, etc. , and Byron's companion
(1823) in the Greek war of liberation. He
wrote a novel called Adventures of a Younger
Son) (1830); but his best-known work is (Recol-
lections of the Last Days of Shelley and Byron)
(1858), reissued in 1878 as (Records of Byron,
Shelley, and the Author. His body was cre-
mated, and the ashes interred near Shelley's
at Rome. His portrait is preserved in Millais's
painting (The Northwest Passage. )
Trembecki, Stanislav (trem-betsʻkē). A
Polish poet; born near Cracow, about 1723;
died at Tulczyn in Podolia, Dec. 12, 1812. His
most considerable poem, Zofijovka,' is a de-
scription of a park laid out by the poet's patron,
Count Potocki, for his wife Sophia.
Trench, Richard Chenevix. An eminent
British philologist and essayist; born in Dub-
lin, Sept. 9, 1807; died in London, March 28,
1886. He was dean of Westminster 1856-63;
archbishop of Dublin from 1864. He was noted
in philology, on which he wrote Deficiencies
in our English Dictionaries. ) Among many
other works may be mentioned : (Poems from
Eastern Sources) (1842 ); «Elegiac Poems)
(1846); Poems Collected and Arranged Anew)
(1865); Notes on the Parables of our Lord)
(1841; 15th ed. 1884); Notes on the Mir-
acles of our Lord) (1846, 13th ed. 1886); (On
the Study of Words) (1851, 15th ed. 1874 );
(English Past and Present) (1855-81); (The
Authorized Version of the New Testament, in
Connection with some Recent Proposals for Its
Revision) (1858); (Select Glossary of English
Words Used Formerly in Senses Different from
their Present' (1859); “Studies on the Gospels)
(1867); Lectures on Mediæval Church His-
tory) (1877). He edited several volumes of
poetry, and (Remains of the Late Mrs. Richard
Trench,' his mother (1862).
Trendelenburg, Friedrich Adolf (tren'de-
len-börs'). A German philosopher; born at
Eutin, Nov. 30, 1802; died at Berlin, Jan. 24,
1872. He set forth the ethical aspect of his
philosophy in the treatise (The Ethical Idea
of Right and Law,' and the æsthetic aspect in
(Niobe ) ( 1846 ) and (The Cathedral of Cologne)
(1853). He wrote also Natural Justice on the
Ground of Ethics) (2d ed. 1860).
Trent, William Peterfield. An American
man of letters, dean of the department of arts
and sciences and professor of English and of
history in the University of the South; born
1862. He has made a special study of South-
ern men and times, and has published: (Life
of William Gilmore Simms); English Culture
in Virginia); (Southern Statesmen of the Old
Régime) (1897).
Trescot, William Henry. An American
diplomatist; born in Charleston, S. C. , Nov. 10,
1822. He was United States counsel at the
Halifax Fishery Commission in 1877 ; special
envoy to South America in 1881; and pleni-
potentiary with General Grant to negotiate a
treaty with Mexico in 1882. He is the author
of Foreign Policy of the United States) (1849);
(Diplomacy of the Revolution (1852); (An
(
## p. 532 (#548) ############################################
532
TREVELYAN - TROUBETZKOI
>
American View of the Eastern Question) (1854);
(Diplomatic History of the Administrations of
Washington and Adams) (1857); besides vari.
ous memoirs, addresses, and pamphlets.
Trevelyan, Charles Edward, Sir. An Eng-
lish statesman and writer; born April 2, 1807;
died in London, June 19, 1886. He was Assist-
ant Secretary to the Treasury, 1840; finance
minister in India, 1862–65. He married Lord
Macaulay's sister. He wrote: (Education of
the People of Ireland) (1838); (The Irish
Crisis) (1848); (The Purchase System in the
British Army) (1867); (The British Army in
1868) (1869 ); (Christianity and Hinduism
(1881); etc.
Trevelyan, George Otto, Sir. An English
statesman and author, son of Sir Charles Tre-
velyan and Hannah Macaulay; born at Rothley
Temple, Leicestershire, July 20, 1838. He was
secretary for Scotland, 1885-86, and again 1892-
95. Among his writings are : (Letters of a Com-
petition Wallah) (1864); (Cawnpore) (1865);
(The Ladies in Parliament, and Other Pieces)
(1869); Life of Lord Macaulay) (1876); Early
History of Charles James Fox) (1880).
Trochu, Louis Jules (tro-shü'). A distin-
guished French soldier; born at Palais in
Morbihan, May 12, 1815; died at Tours, Oct.
7, 1896. He wrote: (The Empire and the De-
fense of Paris) (1872); For Truth and Justice)
(1873); (Politics and the Siege of Paris) (1874);
"Society, the State, and the Army) (1896).
Trogus. Pompeius, or Pompeius Trogus
(trö'gus pom-pē’us). A Roman historian of
the Augustan age. Drawing principally on
Greek sources, he wrote a universal history
from Ninus to his own time, which he called
(Philippian Histories, because the fortunes of
Philip of Macedon and his line formed the
central point of the narrative : all that remains
of its 44 books is the table of contents and
some few fragments.
Trollope, Anthony. A distinguished Eng-
lish novelist; born in London, April 24, 1815;
died there, Dec. 6, 1882. He published: (The
Macdermots of Ballydoran) (1847); “The Kellys
and the O'Kellys) (1848); "La Vendée) (1850);
(The Warden) (1855); Barchester Towers)
(1857); (The Three Clerks) (1857); Doctor
Thorne) (1858); “The Bertrams) (1859); “The
West Indies and the Spanish Main' (1859);
(Castle Richmond (1860); Framley Parsonage)
(1861); (Tales of All Countries) (1861); "Orley
Farm' (1862); (The Struggles of Brown, Jones,
and Robinson' (1862); North America' (1862);
'Rachel Ray) (1863); (The Small House at
Allington (1864); (The Belton Estate) (1864);
(Hunting Sketches) (1864); "Can You Forgive
Her ? ) ( 1865); (Miss Mackenzie) (1865); (Cler-
gymen of the Church of England' (1866);
(Traveling Sketches) (1866); (Lotta Schmidt,
and Other Stories) (1867); (The Claverings)
(1867); “The Last Chronicle of Barset) (1867);
Nina Balatka! (anonymous: 1867); Linda
Tressel) (do. : 1868); (British Sports and Pas-
times) (edited : 1868); (Phineas Finn, the Irish
Member' (1869); He Knew He Was Right)
(1869); (Sir Harry Hotspur of Humblethwaite)
(1870); (An Editor's Tales) (1870); (The Vicar
of Bullhampton) (1870); Cæsar's Comment-
aries) (edited : 1870); Mary Gresley) (1871);
(Ralph the Heir) (1871); «The Eustace Dia-
monds) (1872); (The Golden Lion of Gran.
père) (1872); (Australia and New Zealand)
(1873); Phineas Redux' (1873); (Harry Heath-
cote of Gangoil) (1874); (South Australia and
Western Australia,' (Victoria and Tasmania,
and New South Wales and Queensland' (all
1874); Lady Anna) (1874); (The Way we
Live Now' (1875); (The Prime Minister'(1876);
(The American Senator (1877); “South Africa
(1877); "Is he Popenjoy ? ) (1878); (John Cal-
digate! (1879); An Eye for an Eye) (1879);
(Cousin Henry) (1879); (Thackeray) in (Eng.
lish Men of Letters) (1879); (The Duke's
Children' (1880); Life of Cicero) (1880);
Ayala's Angel' (1881); (Dr. Wortle's School
(1881); "Why Frau Frohmann Raised her
Prices, and Other Stories) (1881); (The Fixed
Period (1882); (Kept in the Dark) (1882);
(Lord Palmerstond in English Political Lead-
ers) (1882); Marion Fay) (1882); Mr. Scar.
borough's Family) (1883). Posthumously ap-
peared: his Autobiography) (1883); (The
Land Leaguers) (1883, unfinished); and (An
Old Man's Love) (1884). *
Trollope, Frances M. An English author,
mother of Anthony; born in Hampshire, about
1778; died in Florence, Italy, Oct. 6, 1863. In
1829 she visited America, and afterwards pub-
lished a volume entitled Domestic Manners of
the Americans) (1831). She followed this with
the novel (The Refugee in America) (1832).
Among her other works are: (The Abbess)
(1833); “Tremordyn Cliff) (1835); “The Barna-
bys in America (1843); (Life and Adventures
of a Clever Woman (1854); and ( Fashionable
Life; or, Paris and London (1856).
Trollope, Thomas Adolphus, elder brother
of Anthony; born April 29, 1810; died at Clif-
ton, Nov. II, 1892. He was a constant con-
tributor to English periodicals, and was Italian
correspondent of the New York Tribune.
Among his many books are: (A Summer
in Brittany) (1840); (A Summer in Western
France) (1841); "La Beata) (1861); (Marietta
(1862); (Beppo the Conscript' (1864); Lindis.
farn Chase ) (1864); (History of the Common-
wealth of Florence' (4 vols. , 1865); (Dream
Numbers) (1868); (A Siren (1870); Life of
Pius IX. (1877); (Sketches from French His-
tory) (1878); (What I Remember) (1887-89).
Troubetzkoi, Mrs. Amélie (Rives) (Chan-
ler) (trö-bets’koi). An American novelist ; born
in Virginia, Aug. 23, 1863. She has lived abroad
since her second marriage. She has written :
(A Brother to Dragons, and Other Tales) (1888);
( The Quick or the Dead ? ) (1888); (Barbara
Dering); (The Witness of the Sun); Herod
and Mariamne: Drama'; Virginia of Vir-
ginia); (Athelwold); etc.
## p. 533 (#549) ############################################
TROWBRIDGE – TUCKER
533
Trowbridge, John Townsend. An Amer-
ican poet, novelist, and general writer; born in
Ogden, N. Y. , Sept. 18, 1827. His first poems,
(The Vagabonds, At Sea, (The Pewee,'
etc. , appeared in the Atlantic Monthly, also the
story (Coupon Bonds. Among his numerous
novels, tales of adventure, etc. , are: (Father
Brighthopes) (1853); ( Hearts and Faces) (1853);
(Martin Merrivale) (1855); Neighbor Jack-
wood’ (1857); (The Old Battle-Ground' (1859);
(The Drummer Boy) (1863); Cudjo's Cave)
(1864); ( The Three Scouts' (1865); “Lucy Arlyn)
(1800); (Coupon Bonds) (1866); Neighbors'
Wives) (1867); (The Story of Columbus) (1867);
(The Jack Hazard Series) (1871-75); (The
Emigrant's Story, and Other Poems) (1875);
(The Silver Medal Series) (1877-82); (The
Book of Gold, and Other Poems) (1878); (A
Home Idyl, etc. (1881); ( The Tide-Mill Series)
(1882-87); "The Lost Earl) (1888).
True, Charles Kittridge. An American edu-
cator and historical writer; born in Portland,
Me. , Aug. 14, 1809; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. ,
Jan. 20, 1878. He was pastor of various Metho-
dist churches, and subsequently professor of
intellectual philosophy at Wesleyan University
(1849-60). He was the author of (Elements of
Logic) (1840); (Shawmut; or, The Settlement
of Boston) (1845); (John Winthrop) (1875);
(Sir Walter Raleigh) (1878); “Life and Times
of John Knox) (1878); Memoirs of John How-
ard) (1878); (The Thirty Years' War) (1879);
(Heroes of Holland) (1882).
Trueba y Cosio, Telesforo de (trwā'bä ē
kös'yo). A Spanish poet; born at Santander,
1798; died at Paris, Oct. 4, 1835. He wrote
several comedies, as "The Fickle One) and
Marrying on 60,000 Duros. He wrote in Eng-
lish several historical novels, among them
Gomez Arias) (1828), and "The Castilian)
(1829); and also in English, (Lives of Cortés
and Pizarro (1830) and the historical drama
(The Royal Delinquent. The most successful
of his works was "Paris and London (1833),
a portraiture of manners and morals.
Trumbull, Gurdon. An American ornitholo-
gist, brother of H. C. and J. H. ; born in
Stonington, Conn. , May 5, 1841. He has pub-
lished (American Game Birds; or, Names and
Portraits of Birds, with Descriptions) (1888. )
Trumbull, Henry Clay. An American edi.
tor, author, and lecturer; born in Stonington,
Conn. , June 8, 1831. He was army chaplain
1862–65; afterwards secretary of the American
Sunday School Union, 1865-72; and since 1875
editor of the Sunday School Times. He has
published many books, including : Army Ser-
mons) (1864); (The Knightly Soldier) (1865);
(A Useful Life,' etc. (1866); (The Captured
Scout) (1869); (Children in the Temple) (1809);
(A Model Superintendent) (1880); Kadesh-
Barnea) (1884); (Teaching and Teachers )
(1884); (The Blood Covenant) (1885); Vale
Lectures on the Sunday School) (1888); (Studies
in Oriental Social fe) (1894); etc.
Trumbull, James Hammond. An American
philologist and librarian, brother of H. C. ; born
in Stonington, Conn. , Dec. 20, 1821 ; died in
Hartford, Conn. , 1897. He was Secretary of
State of Connecticut during the War, 1861–64,
and held many honorable posts connected with
historical and educational associations. He
was president of the American Philological
Association 1874-75. He made the Indian
languages of North America a special study;
is the acknowledged authority on the Algonkin
tongues; and published many essays on Indian
philology. He was a frequent contributor to
proceedings of historical societies. Among his
works are: (The Colonial Records of Con-
necticut' (1850-59); Historical Notes on some
Provisions of the Connecticut Statutes) (1860-
61); (The Composition of Indian Geographical
Names) (1870); (Historical Notes on the Con-
stitution of Connecticut (1872); (The True
Blue-Laws of Connecticut,' etc. (1876). He
edited (The Memorial History of Hartford
County) (1886). His knowledge of books was
vast; as a shrewd collector and book-buyer
he had few superiors; and his name is asso.
ciated with the sale of the “Brinley Library,
and with the Watkinson Library at Hartford.
Trumbull, John. An American poet and
lawyer, famous in his day as a satirist; born
in Westbury, Conn. , April 24, 1750; died at
Detroit, Mich. , May 10, 1831. He wrote with
Timothy Dwight a series of essays in the Spec-
tator style, which first drew attention to his abil.
ity. In “The Progress of Dulness) (1772-73) he
satirized contemporary methods of education ;
but he won his greatest fame with McFingal
(1775-82), a satire on the loyalists of the
Revolution time, written in Hudibrastic verse.
Thirty pirated editions are said to have been
sold; and some of its lines are still «familiar
quotations popularly credited to 'Hudibras.
Later he was associated with Joel Barlow and
others in the production of "The Anarchiad
(1786-87). His “Poetical Works) were pub-
lished at Hartford, Conn. , in 1820.
Trumpp, Ernst (trömp). A German Ori-
entalist; born at Ilsfeld, Würtemberg, March
13, 1828; died at Munich, April 5, 1885. His
principal work is (The Adi Granth; or, The
Holy Scriptures of the Sikhs, Translated from
the Original Gurmukhi) (1877). He wrote
also : (The Language of the so-called Caffres
in the Hindu Caucasus); (Sindi Literature :
The Divan of Abd-ul-Latif) (1866); (The Bap-
tism Book of the Ethiopian Church (1876).
Tschudi, Johann Jakob von (tshö'dē). A
Swiss naturalist and traveler; born at Glarus,
July 25, 1818; died at Jakobshof in Lower
Austria, Oct. 8, 1889. He traveled extensively
in South America in 1838-43, and again in
1857–61. He wrote: (The Kechua Language)
(1853); Peru: Sketches of Travel' (1846); Pe-
ruvian Antiquities) (1851); (Travels in South
America) (5 vols. , 1866-69).
Tucker, George. An American lawyer, ed-
ucator, and author; born in Bermuda in 1775;
(
## p. 534 (#550) ############################################
534
TUCKER --TURNBULL
(
died in Albemarle County, Va. , April 10, 1861.
He was a Member of Congress, 1819-25. For
twenty years he was professor of moral phi-
losophy in the University of Virginia (1825-45).
