But how any one could, compounded by Paul, son of
Warnefrid
ud Thea
by any possible stretch of ingenuity, i wist such a | dolinda, at one time deacon of Aquileia, and
## p.
by any possible stretch of ingenuity, i wist such a | dolinda, at one time deacon of Aquileia, and
## p.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
32, 33); and in a letter to Pactus, B.
C.
mius, respecting whom see Fabric. Bibl. Graec. 46 (ad Fam. ix. 26), Cicero gives an amusing ac-
vol. viii. p. 315, &c.
(L. S. ] count of a dinner-party at the house of Eutrapelus,
EUTHY'MUS (EŬovuos), a hero of Locri in at which he was present.
Italy, was a son of Astycles or of the river-god Eutrapelus was an intimate friend of Antony,
Caecinus. He was famous for his strength and and a companion of his pleasures and debauches.
skill in boxing, and delivered the town of Temessa (Cic. Philipp. xiii. 2. ) The fair Cytheris, the mis-
from the evil spirit Polites, to whom a fair maiden tress of Antony, was originally the freedwoman
was sacrificed every year. Euthymus himself and mistress of Volumnius Eutrapelus, whence we
disappeared at an advanced age in the river Cae- find her called Volumnia, and was surrendered to
cinus. (Strab. vi. p. 255 ; Aelian, V. H. viii. 18 ; Antony by his friend. (Cic. ad Fam. ix. 26, Phi-
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1409. ) He gained several lipp. ii. 24. ) After Caesar's death, Eutrapelus, in
victories at Olympia (OL 74, 76, and 77); and a consequence of his connexion with Antony, became
statue of his at Olympia was the work of Pytha- a person of considerable importance ; and we find
goras. (Paus. vi. 6. & 2, 10. § 2. ) [L. S. ] that Cicero availed himself of his influence in order
EUTO'CIUS (Evrócios) of Ascalon, the com- to get a letter presented to Antony, in which he
mentator on Apollonius of Pesga and on Archi- begged for a libera legatio. (Ad Att. xv. 8. ) On
medes, must have lived about A. D. 560. At the the defeat of Antony before Mutina in B. C 43,
end of some of his commentaries on Archimedes Eutrapelus, in common with Antony's other friends,
he says he used the edition recognised by Isidore was exposed to great danger, but was protected
of Miletus, the mechanic, our master. ” This Isi- and assisted by Atticus. The latter soon had an
dore was one of Justinian's architects, who built opportunity of returning this favour; for, on An-
the church of St. Sophia. The Greek originals of tony's return into Italy, Eutrapelus, who was
the following works of Eutocius are preserved : praefectus fabrum in his army, protected Atticus,
Commentaries on the first four books of the Conics who feared for his own safety on account of his
of Apollonius ; on the Sphere and Cylinder, on the connexion with Cicero and Brutus. Eutrapelus
Quadrature of the Circle, and on the Two Books on further erased from the list of proscriptions, at the
Equilibrium of Archimedes. These have been intercession of Atticus, the name of the poet L.
printed in the Greek edition of APOLLONIUS, Julius Calidus, which he had inserted himself.
and in the two Greek editions of ARCHIMEDES; (Nepos, Att. 9, 10, 12. ) Eutrapelus is mentioned
and Latin versions have been given with several by Horace. (Epist. i. 18. 31. )
of the versions of these two writers, sometimes EUTRESITES (Evrpnotns), a surname of
complete, sometimes in part. There has been no Apollo, derived from Eutresis, a place between
separate print of Eutocius. These commentaries Plataeae and Thespiae, where he had an ancient
were of ordinary value, as long as geometrical help oracle. (Steph. Byz. s. v. EŬpnois ; Eustath. ad
in understanding the text was required. Torelli Hom. p. 268. )
(L. S. )
wishes that Eutocius had applied himself to all the EUTROʻPIA. 1. A native of Syria, became,
writings of Archimedes. But they have a merit by her first husband, whose name is unknown, the
which will preserve them, independently of their mother of Flavia Maximiana Theodora, who was
mathematical value ; they contain incidentally so married to Constantius Chlorus upon the recon-
much inforination on the lost writings of Greek struction of the empire under Diocletian. Eutropia
geometers, and on the methods of Greek arithme- was at that time the wife of Maximianus Hercu-
tic, that they are integrant parts of the history of lius, to whom she bore Maxentius and Fausta,
Greek learning. Torelli found them frequently afterwards united to Constantine the Great. Upon
give, by way of citation, a more satisfactory text the conversion of her son-in-law, Eutropia also em-
of Archimedes than that of the remaining manu- braced Christianity, and repaired to Palestine. In
scripts, which be attributes to the goodness of consequence of her representations, the emperor
Isidore's edition : " haec causa fuit, cur Archime took measures for abolishing the superstitious ob-
dem in Eutocii domo conquirerem ubi melius servances which had for ages prevailed at the oak
quandoque quam in propria habitabat. ” (Torelli of Mamre, so celebrated as the abode of Abraham,
Pref. in Archimed. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. and caused a church to be erected on the spot.
p. 203. )
(A. De M. ) A medal published on the authority of Goltzius
EUTOLMIUS (EvT6Xylos), the author of four alone, with the legend Gal. VAL. EUTROP. , is
epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. considered as unquestionably spurious. (Aurel.
foL iii p. 8 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 229), Vict. Epit. xl. ; Euseb. H. £. i. 52; Tillemont,
ay at Castame
f the 12th can
e emperor Anis
cop pected by me
wäen the are
e; and te bine
ere peror csak
churches
especting
lib. 17. ) ! !
ii. 102) ER
S JISS, bois
: 1. lles
directed 2005
br che con
ed into 34
from the eart
ransisco1
nice, 1555.
a: Parsi
is curses
2 Pietre
, and es
I with less
sez Ji =
100 and 2
## p. 126 (#142) ############################################
126
EUTROPIUS.
EUTROPIUS.
1
Histoire des Empereurs, vol. iv. pp. 130, 244 ; conclusion out of the passage in question (1. 116,
Eckhel, vol. viii. p. 27. )
bub fin. ), even if we retain the reading “Nimizzs
2. Grand-daughter of the foregoing, being the religionis Christianae insectator," it is very hard
daughter of Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maxi- for an unprejudiced reader to imagine ; and it
miana Theodora, and therefore the sister of Delma- is equally difficult to perceive upon what grounds
tius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Constan- we can reject or evade the testimony of Nice-
tia, and Anastasia, and half-sister of Constantine phorus Gregoras, who insists that the praises
the Great. (See the genealogical table prefixed to bestowed by Eutropius upon Constantine are pe-
CONSTANTINUS I. ) She is believed to have been culiarly valuable, because they proceed from one
the wife of Nepotianus, who was consul A. D. 301; who cherished hostile feelings towards that prince
but at all events she was certainly the mother of in consequence of differing from him in religion
that Nepotianus who assumed the purple on the | (διά τι το της θρησκείας ακοινώνητον) and of
3rd of June, A. D. 350, and she perished in the being the contemporary and partizan (Alkiátny
proscription which followed his death twenty-cight kal alpedia'tmv) of Julian; moreover, as if to leave
days afterwards. (NEPOTIANUS. ] (Aurel. Vict. no room for doubt, he declares that the observations
Epit. xlii. ; Zosim. ii. 43; Athanas. À polog. vol. i. of Eutropius, inasmuch as he was a gentile pro-
p. 677, ed. Paris, 1627. )
(W. R. ] fessing a different faith from Constantine (Exiny
EUTROʻPIUS, the eunuch. [ARCADIUS. ) δ'ών και αλλοφύλου θρησκείας τρόφιμος), are
EUTRO'PIUS, a man of high rank in that tainted with heathen bitterness (drogovow 'EXA
portion of Upper Moesia which was called Darda-vintis tikplas), and then goes on to adduce some
nin, married Claudia, daughter of Crispus, the bro- examples of unfair representations.
ther of Claudius Gothicus, and by her became the The only work of Eutropius now extant is a
father of Constantius Chlorus. See the genealogi- brief compendium of Roman history in ten books,
cal table in vol. i. p. 831.
(W. R. ) extending from the foundation of the city to the
EUTRO'PIUS, a Roman historian who has accession of Valens, by whose command it was
been styled Flavius Eutropius by Sigonius and composed, and to whom it is inscribed. The au-
some of the earlier scholars without the slightest thor, at the conclusion of the last chapter, promises
authority from MSS. or any ancient source for a more detailed and elaborate narrative of the
such an addition. Considerable doubts are enter- events in which his imperial protector was the
tained with regard to the native country of this chief agent, but we know not whether this pledge
writer. The only positive witness is Suidas, who was ever redeemed. Suidas indeed records that
terms him a learned Italian ('Italòs Ooplotńs); Eutropius wrote “other things," but without speci-
but these words have been interpreted to signify fying what these were ; and Priscian quotes from
merely that he wrote in Latin. The arguments of some Eutropius as a grammatical authority upon
certain French writers, who have sought to prove the sound of the letter x, but drops no hint that
from Symmachus that he was the countryman of this personage is the historian.
Ausonius, and those of Vinetus, who endeavours In drawing up the abridgment which has de
from various considerations to demonstrate that he scended to us, the compiler appears to have con-
must have been a Greek, are singularly feeble and sulted the best authorities, although not always
frivolous. We know from his own statements, with discrimination, and to have executed his task
taken in combination with various passages in the in general with care, although manifest errors
Byzantines, that he held the office of a secretary may occasionally be detected in facts as well as in
(Epistolaris’ETOTO doypádos) under Constantine the chronology, and all occurrer. ces likely to reflect dis-
Great, that he was patronised by Julian the Apos honour on the Roman name are sedulously glossed
tate, whom he accompanied in the Persian expe- over or entirely omitted. The style is in perfect
dition, and that he was alive in the reign of Valen- good taste and keeping with the nature of the un-
tinian and Valens, to the latter of whom his book dertaking. We find a plain, clear, precise, simple,
is dedicated. To these particulars our certain familiar narrative, in which the most important
information is limited. That he is the same indi- events are distinctly brought out without ostenta-
vidual with the Eutropius who, as we learn from tion and without any pretensions to ornament or
Ammianus Marcellinus, was proconsul of Asia to rhythmical cadence in the structure of the pe-
about A. D. 371, and who is spoken of by Libanius riods. The language is, for the most part, exceed-
and Gregory Nazianzen, or with the Eutropius ingly pure, although, as might be expected, the
who, as we gather from the Codex Theodosianus, critical eye of modern scholarship has detected
was praefectus praetorio in A. D. 380 and 381, are several words and combinations not sanctioned by
pure conjectures resting upon no base save the the usage of the purest models. Under these cir-
identity of name and embarrassed by chronological cumstances it is not surprising that this little
difficulties. In no case must he be confounded work should have become exceedingly popular at a
with the ambitious eunuch, great chamberlain to period when the taste for deep learning and ori-
the emperor Arcadius, so well known from the ginal investigation was on the decline, and that for
invective of Claudian; and still less could he have many ages it should have been extensively em-
been the disciple of Augustin, as not a few persons ployed as a school-book. We find the substance
have fancied, since, if not actually dead, he must of it copied into the chronicles of Hieronymus,
have reached the extreme verge of old age at the Prosper, Cassiodorus, and many others: it is closely
epoch when the bishop of Hippo was rising into followed by Rufus, Orosius, aud by a host of
fame. The only other point connected with the monkish annalists ; while it is incorporated verba-
personal career of this author which admits of tim, with many additions, in the well-known His-
discussion, is his religion. It has been confidently toria Miscella, a sort of historical farrago, which is
asserted that it can be proved from his own words commonly, but erroneously, supposed to have been
that he was a Christian.
But how any one could, compounded by Paul, son of Warnefrid ud Thea
by any possible stretch of ingenuity, i wist such a | dolinda, at one time deacon of Aquileia, and
## p. 127 (#143) ############################################
EUTROPIUS.
1
es
а
EUTYCHES.
127
hence usually designated Paulus Diaconus. Paul, 137, 138 ; Cod. Theod. i. 1. § 2, xü. 29. & 3. and
however, did publish an edition of Eutropius, Gothofred. Prosopogr. Cod. Theod. p. 52; Gennad.
whom he expanded at both extremities, affixing De Viris II. c. 49. )
(W. R. )
several chapters to the commencement and bring- EUTROʻPIUS (EjTPÓTLOS), a physician who
ing down the work to his own times, while by lived prubably in the fourth contury after Christ,
others it was continued as low as the year 813. as he is mentioned along with Ausonius by Mar-
Thus at the revival of literature, the history of cellus Empiricus (in Praefat. ) as having been one
Eutropius existed under three forms: 1. The of his immediate predecessors. He wrote a medi-
genuine ten books as they proceeded from the cal work which is noticed by Marcellus, but is no
author. 2. The editions as extended by Paullus longer extant.
(W. A. G. )
Diaconus and others. 3. The entire but largely EU'TYCHES (EVTÚXns). 1. An engraver of
interpolated copy contained in the Historia Miscella. gems, was one of iho sons of DIOSCURIDES. His
The Editio Princeps, which was printed at Rome, name is seen on an extant gem, with the inscrip-
4to. , 1471, together with all the other editions | tion ΕΥΤΥΧΗΣ ΔΙΟΣΚΟΥΡΙΔΟΥ ΑΙΓΕΑΙΟΣ.
which appeared during the 15th century, belong to (Bracci, P. ii. tab. 73; R. Rochette, Lettre à M.
one or other of the last two denominations. The Schorn, p. 42. )
first attempt to restore the pure original text was 2. Of Bithynia, a sculptor, who is known by a
by Egnatius, in his edition printed at Venice in statue in the worst style of ancient art, with the
1516, along with Suetonius and Aurelius Victor. inscription EITTXHC BEITYNETE TEXNITHC
But the great restorer of Eutropius was Schonhovius, ENOIEI. (Wincklemann, Gesch. d. Kunst, b. x.
a canon of Bruges, who published an edition from c. 1. $ 21. )
[P. S. )
the Codex Gandavensis at Basle, 8vo. , 1546 and EU'TYCHES or EUTYCHIUS, a disciple of
1552 ; further improvements were made by Vinetus Priscian, taught Latin grammar publicly at Con-
(Pictav. 8vo. 1554), who made use of a Bourdeaux stantinople, and wrote a treatiso in two books, De
MS. ; by Sylburgius, in the third volume of his discernendis conjugationibus Libri II. , inscribed to
Scriptt. histor. Rom. (fol. Franc. 1588), aided by his pupil Craterus. This work was first published
a Fulda MS. ; and by Merula (Lug. Bat. Elz. 8vo. by Camerarius, Tubing. 4to. 1537, along with
1592).
Marius Victorinus, is included in the “ Gramma-
Of the very numerous editions which have ap- ticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui” of Putschius,
peared since the close of the 16th century, the Hanov. 4to. 1605, and has been recently edited in
inost notable are those of Hearne, Oxon. 8vo. 1703; a more correct and completo form by Lindemann
of Havercamp, with a copious collection of com- (Corpus Grainmat. Lat. i. p. 151) from a MS. now
mentaries, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1729 ; of Gruner, Coburg. at Vienna, but formerly in the monastery of
8vo. 1752 and 1768; of Verheyk, with voluminous Bobbio. Here the author is termed Eutychius and
notes, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1762 and 1793; of Tzschucke, not Eutyches.
containing a new revision of the text, an excellent Some remarks from a tract of Eutychius, De
dissertation, together with good critical and expla- Aspiratione, are to be found in the 9th chapter of
natory observations, 8vo. Lips. 1796, and again Cassiodorus, De Orthographia. [W. R. )
inprored in 1804 ; and of Grosse, Hall. 8vo. EU'TYCHES (Euthxns), a presbyter and abbot
1813; Hanov. 1816; Lips. 1825. On the whole, at Constantinople, in the 5th century, who headed
the most useful for the student are those of the party opposed to the Nestorian doctrines (Nes-
Tzschucke and Grosse.
TORIUS). Nestorius having maintained that there
Eutropius was twice translated into Greek. One are in Christ two persons or substances (umootá-
of these versions, executed by Capito Lycius before sels), one divine (the Aoyos), and one human
the time of Justinian, has perished ; that by a (Jesus), but with only one aspect, and united not
certain Paeanius still exists, has been frequently by nature, but by will and affection ;-Eutyches
published, and is contained in the editions of carried his opposition to this system so far as to
Hearne, Havercamp, and Verheyk. Many trans- assert that in Christ there is but one nature, that
lations are to be found into English, French, of the Incarnate Word. The declaration
Italian, and German, none of them deserving any word was made flesh” implies, according to Euty-
particular notice.
ches, that He so took human nature upon Him,
In illustration, the dictionaries of Grosse, that His own nature was not changed. From
Stendal, 1811 and 1819; and of Seebode, Hanov. this it follows that His body is not a mere human
1818, 1825, and 1828 ; Moller, Disputatio de body, but a body of God. There can be no doubt
Eutropio, 4to. , Altdorf. 1685;, the excellent dis- that this doctrine, if pushed to its logical conse-
sertation of Tzschucke prefixed to this edition ; quences, would be highly dangerous, since it would
the preface of Verheyk, and the prooemium of Grosse, destroy all the practical benefits of our belief in
may be consulted.
in the Incarnation, as it involves the denial that
(Suidas, s. vo. Evtpúrios, Kanítw ; Symmach. we have a High Priest who can be touched with a
Epist. iii. 47, 53 ; Auctor Anonym. de Antig. Con- feeling of our infirmities. If this is borne in
stuntinopol. lib. i. c. 5. p. 4 (vol. xvii. of the Venetian mind, the horror which it excited can be accounted
Corpus); Codinus Curopalates, Select, de Orig. for; and although we do not know that Eutyches,
Coustuntinopol. pp. 4 and 7, ed. Venet. ; Jo. Ma any more than many other teachers of error, did
lala, Chronograph. in vit. Juliun. apost. ; Nicephor. carry out his principles to their practical conclu-
Gregor. Oratio encominstica in Imp. Constant. Mag. sions, still the means which were adopted to sup
quoted by Fabricius and Tzschucke from Lambe- port his cause were such as to prevent our feeling
cius, Comment. de Bibliothec. Cues. viii. p. 136, ed. any sympathy with it. His opinions became po-
Kollar ; Eutrop. Dedic. ad Vul. Imp. lib. a. 16 pular in the Alexandrian Church, where the doc-
and 18; Amm. Marcell. xxix. I. $ 36, and note of irines of Nestorius had been most loudly con-
Vales ; Liban. in vit. vol. i. p. 113, ed. Reiske, demned, and where the patriarch Dioscurus was
and Epist. iv. 191, ad Themist. ; Greg. Naz. Epist. eminently violent and unscrupulous. Eutyches
3371
's the
the
3
ៗ។
Te benen
✓ These
## p. 128 (#144) ############################################
128
EUTYCHES.
EUTYCHIUS.
scurus.
.
|
was first warned of his error privately by Eusebius, (the Bount' Anot party), and two petitions to the em-
bishop of Dorylaeum, and was then denounced by peror Theodosius (Concil. vol. iv. pp. 134, 241,
him as a heretic, before a synod which assembled 250); but no works of his are in existence. This
at Constantinople, under the presidency of Flavian, schism was continued among the monks by Eudo-
patriarch of that city. He was condemned, in cia, widow of Theodosius, and to such an extent,
spite of the extent of his influence at court, where that Marcian was obliged to send an armed force to
Chrysaphius, eunuch and chief chamberlain to put it down. The followers of Eutyches, however,
Theodosius II. , was a close friend of Dioscurus, under the name of Monophysites, continued to pro-
und godson to Eutyches. Besides this, Chrysa- pagate their opinions, though with little success, till
phius had a strong desire to crush the partisans of the 6th century, when a great revival of those doc-
Pulcheria, the emperor's sister, who was warmly trines took place under the auspices of Jacob Bara-
attached to Flavian. By his influence Theo- daeus, who died bishop of Edessa, A. D. 588. From
dosius was persuaded to declare himself dissatis- him they were called Jacobites, and under this
fied with the decision of Flavian's synod, and to title still constitute a very numerous church, to
refer the matter to a general council, to meet at which the Armenians and Copts belong. (Evagrius,
Ephesus, A.
mius, respecting whom see Fabric. Bibl. Graec. 46 (ad Fam. ix. 26), Cicero gives an amusing ac-
vol. viii. p. 315, &c.
(L. S. ] count of a dinner-party at the house of Eutrapelus,
EUTHY'MUS (EŬovuos), a hero of Locri in at which he was present.
Italy, was a son of Astycles or of the river-god Eutrapelus was an intimate friend of Antony,
Caecinus. He was famous for his strength and and a companion of his pleasures and debauches.
skill in boxing, and delivered the town of Temessa (Cic. Philipp. xiii. 2. ) The fair Cytheris, the mis-
from the evil spirit Polites, to whom a fair maiden tress of Antony, was originally the freedwoman
was sacrificed every year. Euthymus himself and mistress of Volumnius Eutrapelus, whence we
disappeared at an advanced age in the river Cae- find her called Volumnia, and was surrendered to
cinus. (Strab. vi. p. 255 ; Aelian, V. H. viii. 18 ; Antony by his friend. (Cic. ad Fam. ix. 26, Phi-
Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1409. ) He gained several lipp. ii. 24. ) After Caesar's death, Eutrapelus, in
victories at Olympia (OL 74, 76, and 77); and a consequence of his connexion with Antony, became
statue of his at Olympia was the work of Pytha- a person of considerable importance ; and we find
goras. (Paus. vi. 6. & 2, 10. § 2. ) [L. S. ] that Cicero availed himself of his influence in order
EUTO'CIUS (Evrócios) of Ascalon, the com- to get a letter presented to Antony, in which he
mentator on Apollonius of Pesga and on Archi- begged for a libera legatio. (Ad Att. xv. 8. ) On
medes, must have lived about A. D. 560. At the the defeat of Antony before Mutina in B. C 43,
end of some of his commentaries on Archimedes Eutrapelus, in common with Antony's other friends,
he says he used the edition recognised by Isidore was exposed to great danger, but was protected
of Miletus, the mechanic, our master. ” This Isi- and assisted by Atticus. The latter soon had an
dore was one of Justinian's architects, who built opportunity of returning this favour; for, on An-
the church of St. Sophia. The Greek originals of tony's return into Italy, Eutrapelus, who was
the following works of Eutocius are preserved : praefectus fabrum in his army, protected Atticus,
Commentaries on the first four books of the Conics who feared for his own safety on account of his
of Apollonius ; on the Sphere and Cylinder, on the connexion with Cicero and Brutus. Eutrapelus
Quadrature of the Circle, and on the Two Books on further erased from the list of proscriptions, at the
Equilibrium of Archimedes. These have been intercession of Atticus, the name of the poet L.
printed in the Greek edition of APOLLONIUS, Julius Calidus, which he had inserted himself.
and in the two Greek editions of ARCHIMEDES; (Nepos, Att. 9, 10, 12. ) Eutrapelus is mentioned
and Latin versions have been given with several by Horace. (Epist. i. 18. 31. )
of the versions of these two writers, sometimes EUTRESITES (Evrpnotns), a surname of
complete, sometimes in part. There has been no Apollo, derived from Eutresis, a place between
separate print of Eutocius. These commentaries Plataeae and Thespiae, where he had an ancient
were of ordinary value, as long as geometrical help oracle. (Steph. Byz. s. v. EŬpnois ; Eustath. ad
in understanding the text was required. Torelli Hom. p. 268. )
(L. S. )
wishes that Eutocius had applied himself to all the EUTROʻPIA. 1. A native of Syria, became,
writings of Archimedes. But they have a merit by her first husband, whose name is unknown, the
which will preserve them, independently of their mother of Flavia Maximiana Theodora, who was
mathematical value ; they contain incidentally so married to Constantius Chlorus upon the recon-
much inforination on the lost writings of Greek struction of the empire under Diocletian. Eutropia
geometers, and on the methods of Greek arithme- was at that time the wife of Maximianus Hercu-
tic, that they are integrant parts of the history of lius, to whom she bore Maxentius and Fausta,
Greek learning. Torelli found them frequently afterwards united to Constantine the Great. Upon
give, by way of citation, a more satisfactory text the conversion of her son-in-law, Eutropia also em-
of Archimedes than that of the remaining manu- braced Christianity, and repaired to Palestine. In
scripts, which be attributes to the goodness of consequence of her representations, the emperor
Isidore's edition : " haec causa fuit, cur Archime took measures for abolishing the superstitious ob-
dem in Eutocii domo conquirerem ubi melius servances which had for ages prevailed at the oak
quandoque quam in propria habitabat. ” (Torelli of Mamre, so celebrated as the abode of Abraham,
Pref. in Archimed. ; Fabric. Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. and caused a church to be erected on the spot.
p. 203. )
(A. De M. ) A medal published on the authority of Goltzius
EUTOLMIUS (EvT6Xylos), the author of four alone, with the legend Gal. VAL. EUTROP. , is
epigrams in the Greek Anthology (Brunck, Anal. considered as unquestionably spurious. (Aurel.
foL iii p. 8 ; Jacobs, Anth. Graec. vol. ii. p. 229), Vict. Epit. xl. ; Euseb. H. £. i. 52; Tillemont,
ay at Castame
f the 12th can
e emperor Anis
cop pected by me
wäen the are
e; and te bine
ere peror csak
churches
especting
lib. 17. ) ! !
ii. 102) ER
S JISS, bois
: 1. lles
directed 2005
br che con
ed into 34
from the eart
ransisco1
nice, 1555.
a: Parsi
is curses
2 Pietre
, and es
I with less
sez Ji =
100 and 2
## p. 126 (#142) ############################################
126
EUTROPIUS.
EUTROPIUS.
1
Histoire des Empereurs, vol. iv. pp. 130, 244 ; conclusion out of the passage in question (1. 116,
Eckhel, vol. viii. p. 27. )
bub fin. ), even if we retain the reading “Nimizzs
2. Grand-daughter of the foregoing, being the religionis Christianae insectator," it is very hard
daughter of Constantius Chlorus and Flavia Maxi- for an unprejudiced reader to imagine ; and it
miana Theodora, and therefore the sister of Delma- is equally difficult to perceive upon what grounds
tius, Julius Constantius, Hannibalianus, Constan- we can reject or evade the testimony of Nice-
tia, and Anastasia, and half-sister of Constantine phorus Gregoras, who insists that the praises
the Great. (See the genealogical table prefixed to bestowed by Eutropius upon Constantine are pe-
CONSTANTINUS I. ) She is believed to have been culiarly valuable, because they proceed from one
the wife of Nepotianus, who was consul A. D. 301; who cherished hostile feelings towards that prince
but at all events she was certainly the mother of in consequence of differing from him in religion
that Nepotianus who assumed the purple on the | (διά τι το της θρησκείας ακοινώνητον) and of
3rd of June, A. D. 350, and she perished in the being the contemporary and partizan (Alkiátny
proscription which followed his death twenty-cight kal alpedia'tmv) of Julian; moreover, as if to leave
days afterwards. (NEPOTIANUS. ] (Aurel. Vict. no room for doubt, he declares that the observations
Epit. xlii. ; Zosim. ii. 43; Athanas. À polog. vol. i. of Eutropius, inasmuch as he was a gentile pro-
p. 677, ed. Paris, 1627. )
(W. R. ] fessing a different faith from Constantine (Exiny
EUTROʻPIUS, the eunuch. [ARCADIUS. ) δ'ών και αλλοφύλου θρησκείας τρόφιμος), are
EUTRO'PIUS, a man of high rank in that tainted with heathen bitterness (drogovow 'EXA
portion of Upper Moesia which was called Darda-vintis tikplas), and then goes on to adduce some
nin, married Claudia, daughter of Crispus, the bro- examples of unfair representations.
ther of Claudius Gothicus, and by her became the The only work of Eutropius now extant is a
father of Constantius Chlorus. See the genealogi- brief compendium of Roman history in ten books,
cal table in vol. i. p. 831.
(W. R. ) extending from the foundation of the city to the
EUTRO'PIUS, a Roman historian who has accession of Valens, by whose command it was
been styled Flavius Eutropius by Sigonius and composed, and to whom it is inscribed. The au-
some of the earlier scholars without the slightest thor, at the conclusion of the last chapter, promises
authority from MSS. or any ancient source for a more detailed and elaborate narrative of the
such an addition. Considerable doubts are enter- events in which his imperial protector was the
tained with regard to the native country of this chief agent, but we know not whether this pledge
writer. The only positive witness is Suidas, who was ever redeemed. Suidas indeed records that
terms him a learned Italian ('Italòs Ooplotńs); Eutropius wrote “other things," but without speci-
but these words have been interpreted to signify fying what these were ; and Priscian quotes from
merely that he wrote in Latin. The arguments of some Eutropius as a grammatical authority upon
certain French writers, who have sought to prove the sound of the letter x, but drops no hint that
from Symmachus that he was the countryman of this personage is the historian.
Ausonius, and those of Vinetus, who endeavours In drawing up the abridgment which has de
from various considerations to demonstrate that he scended to us, the compiler appears to have con-
must have been a Greek, are singularly feeble and sulted the best authorities, although not always
frivolous. We know from his own statements, with discrimination, and to have executed his task
taken in combination with various passages in the in general with care, although manifest errors
Byzantines, that he held the office of a secretary may occasionally be detected in facts as well as in
(Epistolaris’ETOTO doypádos) under Constantine the chronology, and all occurrer. ces likely to reflect dis-
Great, that he was patronised by Julian the Apos honour on the Roman name are sedulously glossed
tate, whom he accompanied in the Persian expe- over or entirely omitted. The style is in perfect
dition, and that he was alive in the reign of Valen- good taste and keeping with the nature of the un-
tinian and Valens, to the latter of whom his book dertaking. We find a plain, clear, precise, simple,
is dedicated. To these particulars our certain familiar narrative, in which the most important
information is limited. That he is the same indi- events are distinctly brought out without ostenta-
vidual with the Eutropius who, as we learn from tion and without any pretensions to ornament or
Ammianus Marcellinus, was proconsul of Asia to rhythmical cadence in the structure of the pe-
about A. D. 371, and who is spoken of by Libanius riods. The language is, for the most part, exceed-
and Gregory Nazianzen, or with the Eutropius ingly pure, although, as might be expected, the
who, as we gather from the Codex Theodosianus, critical eye of modern scholarship has detected
was praefectus praetorio in A. D. 380 and 381, are several words and combinations not sanctioned by
pure conjectures resting upon no base save the the usage of the purest models. Under these cir-
identity of name and embarrassed by chronological cumstances it is not surprising that this little
difficulties. In no case must he be confounded work should have become exceedingly popular at a
with the ambitious eunuch, great chamberlain to period when the taste for deep learning and ori-
the emperor Arcadius, so well known from the ginal investigation was on the decline, and that for
invective of Claudian; and still less could he have many ages it should have been extensively em-
been the disciple of Augustin, as not a few persons ployed as a school-book. We find the substance
have fancied, since, if not actually dead, he must of it copied into the chronicles of Hieronymus,
have reached the extreme verge of old age at the Prosper, Cassiodorus, and many others: it is closely
epoch when the bishop of Hippo was rising into followed by Rufus, Orosius, aud by a host of
fame. The only other point connected with the monkish annalists ; while it is incorporated verba-
personal career of this author which admits of tim, with many additions, in the well-known His-
discussion, is his religion. It has been confidently toria Miscella, a sort of historical farrago, which is
asserted that it can be proved from his own words commonly, but erroneously, supposed to have been
that he was a Christian.
But how any one could, compounded by Paul, son of Warnefrid ud Thea
by any possible stretch of ingenuity, i wist such a | dolinda, at one time deacon of Aquileia, and
## p. 127 (#143) ############################################
EUTROPIUS.
1
es
а
EUTYCHES.
127
hence usually designated Paulus Diaconus. Paul, 137, 138 ; Cod. Theod. i. 1. § 2, xü. 29. & 3. and
however, did publish an edition of Eutropius, Gothofred. Prosopogr. Cod. Theod. p. 52; Gennad.
whom he expanded at both extremities, affixing De Viris II. c. 49. )
(W. R. )
several chapters to the commencement and bring- EUTROʻPIUS (EjTPÓTLOS), a physician who
ing down the work to his own times, while by lived prubably in the fourth contury after Christ,
others it was continued as low as the year 813. as he is mentioned along with Ausonius by Mar-
Thus at the revival of literature, the history of cellus Empiricus (in Praefat. ) as having been one
Eutropius existed under three forms: 1. The of his immediate predecessors. He wrote a medi-
genuine ten books as they proceeded from the cal work which is noticed by Marcellus, but is no
author. 2. The editions as extended by Paullus longer extant.
(W. A. G. )
Diaconus and others. 3. The entire but largely EU'TYCHES (EVTÚXns). 1. An engraver of
interpolated copy contained in the Historia Miscella. gems, was one of iho sons of DIOSCURIDES. His
The Editio Princeps, which was printed at Rome, name is seen on an extant gem, with the inscrip-
4to. , 1471, together with all the other editions | tion ΕΥΤΥΧΗΣ ΔΙΟΣΚΟΥΡΙΔΟΥ ΑΙΓΕΑΙΟΣ.
which appeared during the 15th century, belong to (Bracci, P. ii. tab. 73; R. Rochette, Lettre à M.
one or other of the last two denominations. The Schorn, p. 42. )
first attempt to restore the pure original text was 2. Of Bithynia, a sculptor, who is known by a
by Egnatius, in his edition printed at Venice in statue in the worst style of ancient art, with the
1516, along with Suetonius and Aurelius Victor. inscription EITTXHC BEITYNETE TEXNITHC
But the great restorer of Eutropius was Schonhovius, ENOIEI. (Wincklemann, Gesch. d. Kunst, b. x.
a canon of Bruges, who published an edition from c. 1. $ 21. )
[P. S. )
the Codex Gandavensis at Basle, 8vo. , 1546 and EU'TYCHES or EUTYCHIUS, a disciple of
1552 ; further improvements were made by Vinetus Priscian, taught Latin grammar publicly at Con-
(Pictav. 8vo. 1554), who made use of a Bourdeaux stantinople, and wrote a treatiso in two books, De
MS. ; by Sylburgius, in the third volume of his discernendis conjugationibus Libri II. , inscribed to
Scriptt. histor. Rom. (fol. Franc. 1588), aided by his pupil Craterus. This work was first published
a Fulda MS. ; and by Merula (Lug. Bat. Elz. 8vo. by Camerarius, Tubing. 4to. 1537, along with
1592).
Marius Victorinus, is included in the “ Gramma-
Of the very numerous editions which have ap- ticae Latinae Auctores Antiqui” of Putschius,
peared since the close of the 16th century, the Hanov. 4to. 1605, and has been recently edited in
inost notable are those of Hearne, Oxon. 8vo. 1703; a more correct and completo form by Lindemann
of Havercamp, with a copious collection of com- (Corpus Grainmat. Lat. i. p. 151) from a MS. now
mentaries, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1729 ; of Gruner, Coburg. at Vienna, but formerly in the monastery of
8vo. 1752 and 1768; of Verheyk, with voluminous Bobbio. Here the author is termed Eutychius and
notes, Lug. Bat. 8vo. 1762 and 1793; of Tzschucke, not Eutyches.
containing a new revision of the text, an excellent Some remarks from a tract of Eutychius, De
dissertation, together with good critical and expla- Aspiratione, are to be found in the 9th chapter of
natory observations, 8vo. Lips. 1796, and again Cassiodorus, De Orthographia. [W. R. )
inprored in 1804 ; and of Grosse, Hall. 8vo. EU'TYCHES (Euthxns), a presbyter and abbot
1813; Hanov. 1816; Lips. 1825. On the whole, at Constantinople, in the 5th century, who headed
the most useful for the student are those of the party opposed to the Nestorian doctrines (Nes-
Tzschucke and Grosse.
TORIUS). Nestorius having maintained that there
Eutropius was twice translated into Greek. One are in Christ two persons or substances (umootá-
of these versions, executed by Capito Lycius before sels), one divine (the Aoyos), and one human
the time of Justinian, has perished ; that by a (Jesus), but with only one aspect, and united not
certain Paeanius still exists, has been frequently by nature, but by will and affection ;-Eutyches
published, and is contained in the editions of carried his opposition to this system so far as to
Hearne, Havercamp, and Verheyk. Many trans- assert that in Christ there is but one nature, that
lations are to be found into English, French, of the Incarnate Word. The declaration
Italian, and German, none of them deserving any word was made flesh” implies, according to Euty-
particular notice.
ches, that He so took human nature upon Him,
In illustration, the dictionaries of Grosse, that His own nature was not changed. From
Stendal, 1811 and 1819; and of Seebode, Hanov. this it follows that His body is not a mere human
1818, 1825, and 1828 ; Moller, Disputatio de body, but a body of God. There can be no doubt
Eutropio, 4to. , Altdorf. 1685;, the excellent dis- that this doctrine, if pushed to its logical conse-
sertation of Tzschucke prefixed to this edition ; quences, would be highly dangerous, since it would
the preface of Verheyk, and the prooemium of Grosse, destroy all the practical benefits of our belief in
may be consulted.
in the Incarnation, as it involves the denial that
(Suidas, s. vo. Evtpúrios, Kanítw ; Symmach. we have a High Priest who can be touched with a
Epist. iii. 47, 53 ; Auctor Anonym. de Antig. Con- feeling of our infirmities. If this is borne in
stuntinopol. lib. i. c. 5. p. 4 (vol. xvii. of the Venetian mind, the horror which it excited can be accounted
Corpus); Codinus Curopalates, Select, de Orig. for; and although we do not know that Eutyches,
Coustuntinopol. pp. 4 and 7, ed. Venet. ; Jo. Ma any more than many other teachers of error, did
lala, Chronograph. in vit. Juliun. apost. ; Nicephor. carry out his principles to their practical conclu-
Gregor. Oratio encominstica in Imp. Constant. Mag. sions, still the means which were adopted to sup
quoted by Fabricius and Tzschucke from Lambe- port his cause were such as to prevent our feeling
cius, Comment. de Bibliothec. Cues. viii. p. 136, ed. any sympathy with it. His opinions became po-
Kollar ; Eutrop. Dedic. ad Vul. Imp. lib. a. 16 pular in the Alexandrian Church, where the doc-
and 18; Amm. Marcell. xxix. I. $ 36, and note of irines of Nestorius had been most loudly con-
Vales ; Liban. in vit. vol. i. p. 113, ed. Reiske, demned, and where the patriarch Dioscurus was
and Epist. iv. 191, ad Themist. ; Greg. Naz. Epist. eminently violent and unscrupulous. Eutyches
3371
's the
the
3
ៗ។
Te benen
✓ These
## p. 128 (#144) ############################################
128
EUTYCHES.
EUTYCHIUS.
scurus.
.
|
was first warned of his error privately by Eusebius, (the Bount' Anot party), and two petitions to the em-
bishop of Dorylaeum, and was then denounced by peror Theodosius (Concil. vol. iv. pp. 134, 241,
him as a heretic, before a synod which assembled 250); but no works of his are in existence. This
at Constantinople, under the presidency of Flavian, schism was continued among the monks by Eudo-
patriarch of that city. He was condemned, in cia, widow of Theodosius, and to such an extent,
spite of the extent of his influence at court, where that Marcian was obliged to send an armed force to
Chrysaphius, eunuch and chief chamberlain to put it down. The followers of Eutyches, however,
Theodosius II. , was a close friend of Dioscurus, under the name of Monophysites, continued to pro-
und godson to Eutyches. Besides this, Chrysa- pagate their opinions, though with little success, till
phius had a strong desire to crush the partisans of the 6th century, when a great revival of those doc-
Pulcheria, the emperor's sister, who was warmly trines took place under the auspices of Jacob Bara-
attached to Flavian. By his influence Theo- daeus, who died bishop of Edessa, A. D. 588. From
dosius was persuaded to declare himself dissatis- him they were called Jacobites, and under this
fied with the decision of Flavian's synod, and to title still constitute a very numerous church, to
refer the matter to a general council, to meet at which the Armenians and Copts belong. (Evagrius,
Ephesus, A.
