Gorm and Murrogh with their
combined
forces and a large fleet sailed to Wales, and, having plundered the
country, they took away an immense quantity of silver and other booty, but Murrogh having attempted to appropriate the spoils himself, Gorm resisted, and they fought great battle, which
Murrogh was defeated.
country, they took away an immense quantity of silver and other booty, but Murrogh having attempted to appropriate the spoils himself, Gorm resisted, and they fought great battle, which
Murrogh was defeated.
Four Masters - Annals of Ireland
Sir James Fitzgerald, brother of Gerald, earl of Desmond, was in the year 1580 taken prisoner, hanged and quartered by the English at Cork; sir John Fitzgerald, called John of Desmond, brother of sir James, was hanged, quartered, and gibbetted by the English at Cork, in 1581 ; both these brothers were celebrated commanders for many years in Munster, and an account of them is given in the Annals at the above mentioned years.
Gerald, the earl, was himself slain in the year.
1583, as
The Geraldines of Kildare and Desmond were by far the most
powerful and illustrious of the Anglo-Norman families in Ireland,
and produced many men eminent for valour and patriotism ; they
were often in alliance with the Irish chiefs, against the English
government, and having adopted the Irish language, manners, and
customs, they were charged by the English of having become
“Hibernicis ipsis Hiberniores,” or more Irish than the Irish them above recorded in the Annals. James Fitzgerald, the 17th earl selves. The earls of Kildare formed marriage alliances with the of Desmond, was taken prisoner in 1601, and sent to the Tower of O'Neills, princes of Tyrone, the O'Donnells, princes of Tyrconnell, London, where he died in A. D. 1608, as hereafter mentioned. the O'Conors, lords of Offaly, the O'Moores, lords of Leix, and Mac Geoghegan, in his History of Ireland, says—“Such was the the O'Carrolls, lords of Ely O'Carroll ; and the earls of Desmond end of the illustrious house of the Fitzgeralds of Desmond, the became allied by intermarriages with the Mac Carthys, princes of Maccabees of our day, who sacrificed their lives and properties in Desmond, and earls of Clancare; the O'Briens, princes and earls defence of the Catholic cause. ” The particulars of the death of of Thomond; the O'Carrolls, lords of Ely O'Carroll; the O'Sul the earl Gerald, above mentioned by the Four Masters, were as livans, lords of Beara, in Cork; the O'Conors, lords of Kerry, and
the O'Conors, lords of Sligo. As by the Act of the Anglo-Irish Parliament, called the Statute of Kilkenny, it was prohibited, under penalties of treason or felony, for any families of English descent to form alliances by marriage or fosterage with the Mile sian Irish, these alliances were brought as charges against the houses of Kildare and Desmond, in consequence of which many of them, as above explained, suffered confiscation of their estates, persecution and death. The earls of Desmond were sometimes in alliance, but more frequently at war with their great rivals, the
Butlers, earls of Ormond. In A. D. 1565, as related at p. 456, in these Annals, a great battle was fought in Waterford, between Gerald, earl of Desmond, and Thomas, earl of Ormond, in which Desmond, being defeated and taken prisoner, was, as mentioned by Cox, carried on a bier from the field of battle on men's shoulders, and one of the Butlers having insultingly asked him, “Where is the great earl of Desmond now? ” he replied with great spirit, “Where should he be but on the necks of the Butlers. ” Gerald, the 16th earl of Desmond, son of James, the 15th earl, was one of the most powerful subjects in Europe, held the rank of a Prince Palatine, with all the authority of a provincial king, had many strong castles and towns, and his vast possessions extended about one hundred and fifty miles over the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford, comprising about six hundred thousand acres of profitable land, independent of immense tracts of waste lands, so that his entire estates amounted to about one million of acres. He had a vast number of vassals, and could raise at a call a force of 2000 foot and 600 horse, and had besides in his retinue of his own kindred 500 gentle men of the Fitzgeralds. The earl of Desmond having resisted the Reformation in the reign of Elizabeth, waged war against the English government, and being joined by his brothers and relatives,
follows; his forces being defeated and dispersed, and his brothers and kindred slain, he was reduced to the greatest distress, and became a fugitive, with only a few followers, wandering through
the woods and wilds of Kerry, concealed in glens and caves to evade his pursuers, being outlawed, and a large reward offered for
him dead or alive. The earl in his misfortunes was chiefly sup ported by one of his faithful followers, Geoffrey Mac Sweeney, a captain of galloglasses, who being slain, the earl was greatly dis tressed for provisions, and some of his servants took a prey of cat tle between Tralee and Castlemaine, from one of the O'Moriartys, on which Owen O'Moriarty applied to the English governor of Castlemaine, from whom he obtained a party of 7 musketeers and 12 kerns, who pursued the cattle; this party about midnight having discovered a fire in a wood within a few miles of Tralee, they reconnoitred the place, and discovered 5 or 6 persons in a ruined house, and entering all the inmates fled except aged man venerable appearance, who sat by the fire; one Daniel Kelly, an Irish soldier, attacked the old man, and almost cut off his arm with blow his sword, which he cried out—“Spare me for am the earl Desmond,” but the base kern, regardless
his entreaties, killed him and cut off his head, which carried Cork, Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, who had
sent England present the queen, who caused
fixed pole London Bridge. This Daniel Kelly who killed the earl, was, says Cox, “a native Irishman who had been bred by the English had for that service pension £20 year
from queen Elizabeth, but going some misdeeds, hanged Tyburn.
November, 1583, mentioned glen called Glenagintigh, situated
London, was soon after, for
The earl was slain the 11th the Annals, sequestered the parish Ballymac Elli
gott, between Tralee and Castleisland; his body was concealed the people prevent from falling into the hands his enemies,
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earl (of Desmond), died at an advanced age while imprisoned in Limerick, on account of his sons being joined with the earl of Desmond.
The Roche,” i. e. David, the son of Maurice, son
of David, son of Maurice, and his wife Oilen (Ellen), the daughter of James, son of Edmond
stored to the earldom by queen Elizabeth for a political object, and, according to Cox and Lodge, he was in the year 1600 sent over to Ireland by the advice of sir Robert Cecil, in hopes he might regain the followers of his family, and bring them under obedience to the crown. When he came to Cork, says Cox, the inhabitants, finding he was a Protestant, refused to entertain him, so that he was fain to intrude himself on the mayor; he then went to Kilmallock, where multitudes flocked to see him and do him duty, but as soon as they saw him go to church on Sunday, they all forsook him and treated him with great contumely ; he was the 17th earl, and commonly called the queen's earl of Desmond ; he returned to London, where he soon after died in 1601, under sus picion of being poisoned. James Fitz-Thomas Fitzgerald, the son of sir Thomas, and grandson of James, the 15th earl of Desmond, attempting to recover the estates and honours of his ancestors, joined the standard of Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone, against the queen, and in 1598 was appointed earl of Desmond by O'Neill, and hence he was called O'Neill's earl of Desmond, in opposition to the queen's earl of Desmond, but as his title was not recognised by the crown, he was designated the Sugan Earl, signifying the Earl of Straw. Cox says the Sugan Earl was the handsomest man of his time, and one of the most potent of the earls of Desmond ; he was a valiant commander, and headed a great force for some years in Munster, but being at length defeated, he became a fugitive and outlaw, and a great reward being offered for him dead or alive, he was taken on the 29th of May, 1601, by Fitzgibbon, called the White Knight, while concealed in a cave in the mountain of Slieve Grot in Tipperary, and delivered to Carew, the president of Mun ster, at Shandon castle, for which service Fitzgibbon received a reward of one thousand pounds. Desmond was secured in irons and sent to Cork, where he was tried and convicted of
treason, and in August 1601, transmitted prisoner to London, to
gether with the celebrated chief Florence Mac Carthy, who, says Cox, was the greatest man of the Mac Carthy's since the conquest.
Desmond and Mac Carthy were both confined in the Tower, where
the earl died, A. D. 1608, after an imprisonment of seven years,
and was buried in the chapel of the Tower. John Fitz-Thomas,
brother of this earl, was also a commander of note in Munster for
some years, but fled to Spain in 1603; he was styled earl of
Desmond, and died at Barcelona ; his son Gerald, also styled
count and earl of Desmond, was in the military service of Spain
and Austria, and having died in Germany in 1632, thus terminated the illustrious house of Desmond.
Confiscated Lands-In 1583 an Act of attainder was passed against Gerald, the great earl of Desmond, and his vast estates
were confiscated, and no less than 574,628 acres were seized by the crown, together with his many strong castles, and transferred
1,600, and Edmond Spenser, the poet, 3,000 acres.
In Kerry. Sir William Herbert 13,000acres; Charles Herbert 4,000; sir Valentine Brown, ancestor to the earls of Kenmare,
to various new English settlers, who were called Undertakers and Planters. An account of this plantation is given by Cox, and in Smith's Histories of Cork, Kerry, and Waterford. Amongst the conditions on which these grants of lands were given, the Under takers were not permitted to convey any part of the lands to the
the family
Jane, daughter
maurice, baron
viscount Fermoy, lived the reigns Charles 1. . . and II. , and was distinguished nobleman supporting the interests king Charles Ireland during the civil wars, and consequence his
mere Irish, and the English settlers were also prohibited to inter marry with the Irish, and none of the Irish were to be maintained
steady adherent the tlelough, and some them were barons Tarbert Limerick.
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 531
and, after a considerable time, privately buried in the small church
of Kilnamanagh, at Ardnegrath, near Castleisland. The great earl
of Desmond was long remembered in the tales and traditions of
the people under the name of Gioroid Iarla, or Gerald the Earl,
and in their wild legends represented as not dead, but that he and
his warriors were sleeping in a cave in the mountains of Kerry in
complete armour, and their steeds standing beside them ready
saddled, and that the earl and his champions would sometime arise
from their enchanted slumber, and war with the English, as the
ancient Welsh believed for ages, that their renowned hero, Arthur,
king of Britain, was not dead, but gone with his warriors to
Fairy-land, from whence they would one day return to liberate the
Kymri from Saxon bondage. James, only son of Gerald the earl,
was kept some years a prisoner in the Tower of London, but re Thomas Norris 6,000; Thomas Say 5,800; sir Richard Beacon
in any family. Cox says letters were written to every county in England to encourage younger brothers to become Undertakers in Ireland; the conditions were that the queen was to grant these confiscated lands in fee at 3d. per acre in Limerick and Kerry, and 2d. per acre in Cork and Waterford; to be rent free till March 1590; and to pay but half rent for three years from thence, and no Irish to be permitted to reside on the lands. Of the Desmond estates in Cork and Waterford, sir Walter Raleigh got 40,000 acres, which afterwards passed to the family of Boyle, earls of Cork. The other English Undertakers who got grants of the Des mond estates were the following. In Cork, Arthur Robins 18,000 acres; Fane Beecher I2,000; Hugh Worth 12,000; Arthur Hyde 12,000; sir Warham St. Leger 6,000; Hugh Cuffe 6,000 : sir
6,000; sir Edward Denny 6,000; John Hally 4,000; captain Conway and John Campion 2,000 acres.
In Limerick. Sir George Bourchier 13,000 acres ; William Trenchard 12,000; Henry Billingsly 12,000; William Cour tenay 10,500; Francis Barkly 7,000; Edward Manwaring 3,750; Richard Fitton 3,000; Robert Anslow 2,600; and George Thorn ton 1,500 acres. Limerick, Waterford, and Tipperary, sir Edward Fitton got 11,500 acres. Waterford, sir Christopher Hatton got 10,900 acres, and Tipperary Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, got 3,000 acres.
The Roches Fermoy. —The family Rupe Roche,
according the Irish Peerage and Rudiments Honour, Fran cis Nicholls, published 1727, were maternally descended from Charlemagne, king France and emperor the West, and the remarkable pedigree the ancestors this family, shewn that they derive their descent from the most illustrious sources,
their progenitors being allied,
earls Flanders, the counts
kings England, the house
queror, and other Anglo-Norman kings. The Roches came Ireland the reign Henry II. along with the other Anglo-Nor man chiefs, Strongbow's time; and the reigns Richard and king John, they got large grants lands Cork, the ter ritory Fermoy, which from them was called Roche's Country, and they erected castle, and founded Cistercian monastery Fermoy, and they had seats Castletown Roche, and other places. Alexander, David, John, and Maurice Fitz-John Roche, were succession barons Fermoy tenure, and about
1300 the lords George and John Roche are mentioned Lodge's Peerage the Fitzinaurices, earls Kerry, connected in termarriage with that family. the reign Edward IV. , about
1470, the most noble, potent, and honorable Ulick Roche was created viscount Rupe and Fermoy and Lodge's Peer age, the Courcys, barons Kinsale, David More Roche, viscount Fermoy, mentioned about the year 1490. According
the passage above the Annals, David Roche was, 1583,
viscount Fermoy, and his pedigree given son Maurice,
tired with regiment France, and died ther David Roche, viscount Fermoy, sat
the Continent. Ano the parliament King
intermarriages, with the great Bavaria, Alfred, and other Saxon Capet France, William the Con
son David, son Maurice, and his wife was Ellen Mac Pierce,
the Fitzmaurices, afterwards earls Kerry; and this David Roche, was married Patrick Fitz Lixnaw, Kerry. Another David Roche,
loyalty his extensive estates, estimated worth fifty thousand pounds per annum, were confiscated by Cromwell; lord Roche re
James II. Dublin, 1689, and was
House of Stuart. The Roches had also the title of baronsof Cas
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532 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
Mac Pierce, died in the same month, at the end of this year; and there was not of the Fionn-Ghalla
O’Mulloy (of King’s county), i. e. Theobald, died.
(Normans), of Ireland, who ruled over a Triochad
Cead (barony), of an estate, a couple more noble Mac Carthy, lord of Muskerry, a man of good
than they were.
After the confiscation of their estates in the Cromwellian and Wil liamite wars, the Roches of Fermoy retired to the Continent, and
Cormac, the son of Teige, son of Cormac Oge personal figure, and of fair complexion, who pos
O'Dunn, lord of Bregia, prisoner, and carried him beyond the sea, to the east. In A. D. 1024, the men of Ossory and Leinster led their forces to Talcande, and carried off valuable articles and hostages from the Danes, and they were also defeated at Erlant. In A. D 1025, Flaherty O’Neill, king of Ulster, led his forces to Bregia, and carried off the hostages of the Irish from the Danes, and in the following year O'Neill came to Meath, with his ally, Malachy, and having attacked the Danes, they carried off hos tages from them, and having proceeded on the ice, they laid waste against the Danes Inis Mochta, now Inismott, on the lake of Ballyhoe, in Meath, on the borders of Louth and Monaghan. In this year, also, Raon, heir presumptive to the throne of Tara, de feated the Damesof Dublin in several battles in Meath.
The Battle of Lickblagh. -In A. D. 1027, Sitric, son of Aulaf,
Danish king of Dublin, joined by Donogh O’Dunn, prince of Bre
gia, led a great force to Meath, and proceeded as far as Leic Bladhma, or Leic Blagha, and to Monaigh Iomshlain, where they
were attacked by the men of Meath, commanded by Roen O'Me laghlin, prince of Westmeath, and a fierce battle being fought
between them, the victory was gained over the Danes and Bre gians, and an immense number were slain, together with Donogh O'Dunn, prince of Bregia, and Giolla Uasaill, son of Giolla Kevin, lord of Cualann, in Wicklow. The place where this battle was fought called Leic Bladhma, is now known as Licblagh, in West meath, between Castlepollard and Lough Sheelin. In another engagement the Danes defeated and slew Roen, prince of Meath, with many of his men.
Aulaf, king of the Danes of Dublin, went on a pilgrimage to Rome.
In A. D. 1029, Aulaf, son of Sitric, king of the Danes was taken prisoner by Mahon O’Regan, prince of Bregia, who compelled him
to pay as a ransom for his liberation 1200 cows, and seven score (140) British horses, together with sixty ounces of gold, and the
sword of Carolus, and sixty ounces of silver for throwing off his fetters, and eighty cows as the price of intercession, and four hos tages to O'Regan himself, for making peace; and Aulaf was also compelled to give up the hostages of Ireland, both of Leinster and Leath Cuinn, with a full redemption of all hostages. Several of the O’Regans and O'Kellys, princes of Bregia, are mentioned at this time, and they were in contention with each other for that prin cipality. In A. D. 1031, Ardbraccan, in Meath, was plundered by Sitric and the Danes of Dublin, 200 persons were burned in the stone church, and 200 more were carried off captives, together with much cattle. Gluniarn, the son of Sitric, was slain by the people of South Bregia,
Battle of the Boyne, &c. —In A. D. 1032, a victory was gained by Sitric, son of Aulaf, over the Conallians, or men of Louth, and other adjoining parts of Ulster, and 300 of them were slain or
made captives; this battle was fought near the mouth of the river Boyne. In 1034, Aulaf, son of Sitric, was slain by the Saxons, in England, while on his way to Rome. In 1035, Regi nald, grandson of Ivar, lord of the Danes of Waterford, was trea cherously slain in Dublin by Sitric ; he was succeeded by Com manus, son of Raban, who was slain in 1038, and in the same year Waterford was plundered by Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king of
some of them were distinguished commanders in the Irish Brigade
in France, and also in the service of Spain and Sardinia. There are
still many highly respectable families of the Roches in the coun
ties of Cork and Limerick, and accounts of them are given in
Smith's History of Cork, in Windele's learned work on Cork, and in Burke's Commoners.
IX. Danish Wars in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. —In the preceding articles, an account has been given of the Danish wars in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, concluding with
the battle of Clontarf, and in this is continued, from p. 516, an account of those wars in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, down to the termination of the Danish power, and the invasion of the Anglo-Normans. On the death of Brian Boru, at Clontarf, A. D. 1014, Malachy II. who had been deposed by Brian, and reigned only as king of Meath, resumed the crown, and became again monarch of Ireland, and reigned to his death, A. D. 1022, and during this period he fought several battles with the Danes. In A. D. 1015, king Malachy, with the Hy Niall, and O'Muldory, prince of Tyrconnell, led their forces to Dublin, and burned the fortress and the houses outside the fortress, and afterwards went into Hy Kinsellagh, laid waste the country, and carried off more than 1000 captives, with flocks of cattle, but they were attacked, and a great number of them slain.
Battle of Odbha, &c. —In A. D. 1016, king Malachy defeated the Danish forces, and their allies, the Lagenians, with immense slaughter, at a place called Odbha, in Meath, where several other great battles were fought in ancient times, and is now named Dowth, and situated between Drogheda and Siane. In the same year, according to Inisfallen, Kildare, Glendalough, Clonard, Swords of Columkill, and Armagh, were burned by Sitric, son of Aulaf, and the Danes of Dublin, but they were attacked by Ma lachy and O'Neill, and great numbers of them were slain. In A. D. 1017, Brann, son of Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, was treacherously taken by Sitric, Danish king of Dub lin, who had his eyes put out, of which punishment he soon after died. In A. D. 1018, Kells was plundered by Sitric and the Danes of Dublin, and they carried off immense booty, and many captives, and slew a great number of people, in the midst of the church, In A. D. 1020, the shrine of St. Patrick and his relics, called Finn foideach, were plundered at Armagh or Downpatrick, by the Danes, and O'Aidith and the people of Lower Iveagh, who also carried off 700 cows.
Battle of Delgany. —In A. D. 1021, Ughaire, king of Leinster, defeated the Danes of Dublin, under Sitric, in a great battle, at Delgne Mogarog, in Hy Briuin Cualann ; this battle was fought at Delgany, in Wicklow, and the Danish forces were defeated with great slaughter, and several thousands of them were slain.
South Bregia, and as far as Duleek, and they slew Ainbith Rome in A. D. 1030, died on his way, and was succeededby his son O'Casey, lord of Saitne, and they treacherously took Donogh Aulaf VI. , who going on a pilgrimage to Rome, A. D. 1034, was
Battle of Athboy, &c. —In A. D. 1022, king Malachy gained a
great victory over the Danes of Dublin, near Ath Buidhe of
Tlachtga, now Athboy, in Meath, in which the Four Masters state
that a vast number of them were slain in the evening, at the Yel
low-ford. This battle was fought in the beginning of July, and
king Malachy died two months after, namely the 4th of the
Nones of September, on a Sunday, in the 73d year of his age, at
Cro-inis; an island in Lough Annin, now Lough Ennell, near Mul
lingar. In this year a great naval battle was fought between the
Danes of Dublin and Niall Mac Eochada, prince of Ulidia, in
which the Danes were defeated with immense slaughter, and
great numbers of them made captives and their ships taken from
them. In A. D. 1023, the Danes of Dublin led their forces to Sitric III. , Danish king of Dublin, having gone on a pilgrimage to
In 1028, Flanagan O'Kelly, prince of Bregia, and Sitric, son of
• Leinster, and Ivar was slain. In 1035, Ardbraccan was plundered by Sitric, and Swords was plundered and burned, in retaliation, by Conor O'Melaghlin.
In 1037, Skreen and Duleek, in Meath, were plundered by the Danes of Dublin ; and in 1038, the island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, was laid waste by the Danes.
Christ Church founded by the Danes. —According to Ware,
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 533
sessed most of white-walled buildings, fair, well Intestine commotions arose in the country after the roofed castles, and Coarb's seats (Abbacies), of death of Cormac, some of the people supporting any of the descendants of Eoghan More, died. Callachan, the son of Teige, who claimed to take
slain in England, and was succeeded by his son, Sitric IV. In A. D. Godred Crovan. —According the Chronicles Mann, John 1038, according to Ware and Lanigan, and the Liber Niger, or Black stone's Celto-Normanic Antiquities, Godred Crovan, son Harold
Book of Trinity Church, Dublin, this Danish king, Sitric, in con junction with Donatus, an Ostman or Dane, then bishop of Dub
lin, founded the Cathedral of Christ Church, which Sitric amply endowed, conferring on it the lands of Baldoyle, Raheny, and Por
trane, with all their produce, cattle and corn, and the services of the villeins or serfs attached to those lands “ cum villanis et vac
the Black, Iceland, descendant the kings powerful fleet, conquered the Isle Mann
ruled over the Isle of Mann and the Hebrides.
Norway, with 1056, and In 1068 he sub
cis et bladis,” and he also gave gold and silver sufficient to build
the Cathedral. In A. D. 1035, according to Inisfallen, Sitric brides, and was succeeded king Mann by his son Lagmann,
having left the government of Dublin, went across the sea, and was succeeded by a chief named Eachmarcach, probably Emeric ; and in 1038, Ivar, the son of Harold, succeeded Emeric as Danish king of Dublin. According to Ware, Sitric IV. died A. D. 1042,- and was succeeded by Aulaf; this was Aulaf VII.
In A. D. 1045, Ivar, the son of Harold, and the Danes of Dub
lin attacked the Island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, and
slew 300 of the Ultonians. In 1046, Ivar, the son of Harold, was
expelled from Dublin by the Danes, and was succeeded as king by
Emeric, son of Reginald. About this time, according to the Saga
of Snorro, Thorfin, earl of Orkneys, son of earl Sigurd, who had been
slain at Clontarf, with powerful forces of Norwegians, made hos
tile expeditions to the coasts of Ireland, and fought great battles
with the Irish Danes at Waterford ; this Thorfin ruled over the
northern half of Scotland, while his ally Macbeth was king in the
south. About this period also, various expeditions of the Irish to
Wales are mentioned in the Welsh Chronicles of Caradoc, of Lan
carvan, and in Ware and Hammer. The Irish were allied with the
different Welsh princes who were contending for the sovereignty of
Wales, and Conan ap Jago, prince of North Wales, was married to
Ranulpa, daughter of Aulaf, Danish king of Dublin ; Conan was
expelled from Wales by Griffith ap Lewellyn, who usurped the
government, but Conan being joined by his father-in-law Aulaf,
they collected their forces from Dublin, and sailed to Wales about
A. D. 1045, and having defeated Griffith, took him prisoner, but
he was soon after rescued by his own men, and the forces of Aulaf feated the Danes Dublin, Wexford, and Waterford, who had
dued Dublin and great part Leinster with powerful forces; this time Murrogh, before mentioned, was king Dublin, but ap pears have been dispossessed Godred, and died 1070. Godred Crovan died 1076, the Island Ila the He
who, after reign seven years, set out pilgrimage Jeru salem, where he died.
Battle Odhbha. -In 1072, Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king Leinster and Leath Mogha, and the Danes Dublin, led his forces Meath against Conor O'Melaghlin, king Meath,
and they fought fierce battle Odhbha, now Dowth, between Drogheda and Slane, which the forces king Dermod were totally defeated, and many hundreds the Lagenians and their
were defeated with great slaughter, and he and Conan fled to their ships and returned to Dublin. In A. D. 1050, Conan collected another force in Ireland, and attempted to recover Wales, but his fleet was destroyed by a storm; various other expeditions of the Irish into Wales, from A. D. 1050 to 1060, are related by Han Iner.
In A. D. 1052, Dermod Mac Maolmambo, king of Leinster, led his forces to Fingal, and burned the entire country about Dublin, and he fought a great battle with the Danes at their fortress, where great numbers were slain, and he remained in Dublin until Emeric, son of 18eginald, king of the Danes, went beyond the sea, and Dermod thembecame king over the Danes. Murrogh, the son of Maolnambo, soon after was appointed king over the Danes of Dublin, and he and his father were the first Irish kings who as sumed authority over the Danes, but from this period, for a cen tury afterwards, these Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster, were generally styled kings of Dublin. This Murrogh Mac Murrogh died A. D. 1070, and in 1075 is recorded in the Four Masters the death of Donal Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster and of Dublin. In A. D. 1955, Guthorm or Gorm, a Norwegian Iarl, and famous war rior, is mentioned in the Saga of Snorro as having come to Dublin with powerful forces, and entered into alliance with Murchard, an
Irish king, who, no doubt, was Murchad or Murrogh above men tioned, king of Dublin.
Gorm and Murrogh with their combined forces and a large fleet sailed to Wales, and, having plundered the
country, they took away an immense quantity of silver and other booty, but Murrogh having attempted to appropriate the spoils himself, Gorm resisted, and they fought great battle, which
Murrogh was defeated. Gorm got such vast quantity silver, that offered tenth part St. Olaf, and his return
gone with great forces plunder Cork. About A. 1090, Mur togh O'Brien, king Munster, who had been king over the Danes Dublin, again assumed authority over them, and fought some
battles with the forces Godfrey Meranagh some these con tests are related the Chronicle Mann, but the chronology not correct, Godfrey confounded with another king Mann named Godred, who lived about 50 years after that time.
Battles Leinster and Dublin. —In 1094, Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster, with the forces Munster, Ossory, and Leinster, marched Dublin, and Donal O'Loghlin, king Aileach, with the forces Tyrone and Tirconnell, and Donal O'Melaghlin, king Tara, with the men Meath, and Donogh O'Eochy, prince
Ulidia, marched the plain Leinster, burned Oughterard Kildare, and gained great victory over the men Munster and the Lagenians. Murtogh O'Brien and the men Munster, again came Dublin, and expelled Godfrey Meranagh, the Danish king, having defeated his forces, and stated that had fleet 90 ships; Murtogh O'Brien then appointed his own son Donal, king over the Danes Dublin. 1095, the nobility the Isle Mann sent embassy king Murtogh O'Brien, requesting would send one his family ruler the Island; appointed his nephew Donal, son Teige O'Brien, king Mann, but consequence his tyranny, the Manks and Hebridians expelled him from the Island. Godfrey Meranagh died soon after his ex pulsion from Dublin, and his death recorded the Four Masters
Norway, had formed out the silver image Christ feet Stanihurst, Hanmer, and others, number Danes Ostmen high, which placed the church St. Olaf. came Dublin, and obtained either from Mac Murrogh, king
allies the Danes were slain, and Dermod himself was killed and decapitated. This battle was fought Tuesday, the 7th the Ides February, according the Four Masters, who quote some verses from one the ancient bards, praise the cele brated and heroic king Dermod, saying, that after his death there was profit pleasure, gladness peace.
Godfrey Meranagh. -About 1073, Godfrey Meranagh, who appears have been relative Godred Crovan, king the Isle Mann, became Danish king Dublin; was Godfrey
IV. , and ruled over Dublin many years, but his authority was contested by the O'Briens, kings Munster. A. 1075, Dublin was taken Murtogh O'Brien, prince Thomond, son
Torlogh O'Brien king Munster. Murtogh O'Brien becameking over the Danes Dublin, and appears have ruled over them about ten years 1085, but Godfrey Meranagh the same
time was acknowledged by the Danes king Dublin.
1088, the people Iveagh Munster, the south Cork, de
1095, having taken place prevailed over Europe that year, and the people Ireland were carried off
the awful plague which stated, that one-fourth that pestilence. Donal
O’Brien ruled over the Danes Dublin for about 24 years,
1118, when became monk. About A. D. 1096, according
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534 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
possession of the country, on account of his se ment the country the strength his father’s niority; another party supported Cormac, the son patent; and the third party supported the young of Dermod, son of Teige, who sought the govern sons this Cormac, the son Teige, son Cor
Leinster, or from Murtogh O'Brien, king of Munster, a district on proach they perceived great drove cattle coming on, the north side of the city adjoining the Liffey, which from this which the Irish delivered up the Northmen. was
colony was called Ostmantown, and in after times Oatmantown Green, and comprised districts in St. Michan's and St. Paul's parishes, extending from the Four Courts to the Park, along Stoneybatter, Grangegorman, Prussia-street, Arbour Hill, &c. ; which districts in those days were mostly covered with a great oak forest, and it is stated that king William Rufus obtained some of this oak to make the ceiling and roof of Westminster Hall, either from Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, or Murtogh O'Brien,
king of Munster; and about this time the church of St. Michan's in Dublin, was founded by Michan, an Ostman or Dane.
now about noon-day, and the Northmen prepared return their ships, but when they came the marshes, the Irish, who had formed ambuscade adjoining wood, suddenly rushed with fierce assault the foreigners. King Magnus ordered
Eyvinder, his chief commander, sound the trumpet and sum mon all his men the royal standard, and his warriors close their ranks with serried shields until they passed the swamps and came the plains, where they would safe. Magnus and his men made their way old fort entrenchment, which they reached with difficulty, and being fiercely pursued the
Battle of Moycoba. —In A. D. 1100, Murtogh O'Brien, king Irish, the Northmen were slaughtered great numbers. The
of Munster, with great forces, and a powerful fleet of the Danes, invaded Ulster, and proceeded to Easroe, in Tyrconnell, and to Der ry, but they were defeated with great slaughter by the son of Mac
king seeing certain champion, man from Upland, Sweden, name Thorgrim, called him, saying, “Do you with your cohort cross the rampart, and while doing we will defend you, and when you have passed occupy the opposite hill, and drowned. About A. D. 1098, Magnus, king of Norway, also be with your skilful archers attack the enemy, until we pass on
Loghlin, prince of Aileach, and great numbers of them were slain and
came king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann; he made expeditions to the coast of Ireland, and in 1102, came with his
ward. ” Thorgrim and his followers crossed the foss, but imme diately placing their shields their backs, fled their ships. The king perceiving their flight, exclaimed—“Is thus you fly,
forces and a large fleet to Dublin. The men of Ireland marched
in great numbers to Dublin to attack Magnus, and his Danes and
Norwegians, who had come to ravage Ireland, on which they made
peace for one year with the Irish, and king Murtogh O'Brien en fought with great valour, but while defending himself against
tered into an alliance with Magnus, and gave his daughter Bebinn in marriage to Sigurd, son of Magnus, with much wealth and great presents, and Sigurd was appointed, by his father, king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann. It may be mentioned as a remarkable circumstance, that in the reigns of George II. and III. some of the ladies of the O'Brien family, earls of Thomond, be came countesses of Orkneys by intermarriage with the Hamiltons, earls of Orkneys. In A. D. 1103, Magnus, king of Norway, with a great fleet, some say sixteen ships, others sixty, and powerful forces invaded Ireland, for the purpose of making a conquest of
numbers, was transfixed the thrust javelin through
both thighs, above the knees, but drawing out the weapon with
his own hands, broke between his feet, exclaiming, Thus we young warriors can break these twigs; fight bravely, my men, and fear danger for me. ” Soon after, however, the dauntless king received powerful stroke battle-axe the neck, and fell. On the death Magnus, the remnant the Nor wegians fled their ships, but Vidkunner, the son John, killed the man who had given the mortal blow Magnus, after had himself received three severe wounds, but succeeded carrying off the ships the king's sword and the royal standard. An immense number the Northmen, together with their king, were slain, and also several Iarls, Swerker, Eyvinder, Ulfr, Dago, and other chiefs, and the remnant fled their ships along with Sigurd, son Magnus, earl Orkneys. King Magnus, who was
the country, and it is stated in the Chronicle of Mann, and by
Ware and Hanmer, that Magnus sent his messengers to king
Murtogh O'Brien, with a pair of his shoes, commanding him to
carry them on his shoulders, in his court, in the presence of the
ambassadors, on Christmas day, as a token of his subjection and
homage. This insolent messageof the Norwegian king raised the then about the 40th year his age, represented having been
Irish to resistance, and Magnus and his forces having overrun a
great part of the country, proceeded to Ulster, where they were
opposed by the Ultonians, and in a fierce battle fought at Moy
coba, near Downpatrick, on St. Bartholomew's day, the 24th of carried his arm red shield, on which was impressed the image
August, 1103, the Norwegians were defeated, and almost slain, together with king Magnus himself, who, according some ac counts, was buried near Downpatrick, but according other statements, the cathedral that place. An interesting account
the expedition and death Magnus given from the Icelandic Saga, Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities, from which the following particulars have been collected :-King Magnus
fought many battles with the Irish, but was resisted with great bravery, and length entered into truce with the men Ulster, and prepared his ships sail Norway, condition that the Irish would give him large supply cattle, killed for the support his men. The eve St. Bartholomew's day, the 23d August, was the time appointed for the Irish supply the cattle, but not having fulfilled their promise, Magnus, with his forces, disembarked St. Bartholomew's day, see about the cattle. The day was calm and beautiful—the sun shining serenely the heavens; they travelled over marshes and bogs, making their way little bridges, constructed rough hewn poles and pieces
timber, and through dense woods, and having length reached hill, from which they had extensive prospect, they perceived distance immense cloud dust, such that produced
body horsemen some said these were the Irish forces and Lagenians subjection, appointed his son Conor king coming attack them, others considered they were messengers Dublin, but Conor O'Conor was expelled year two after coming with the proposed supply cattle, and nearer ap from Dublin. At this time Torlogh O'Conor was king Con
you coward was fool prefer you command instead Sigurd, the swiftfooted, who would not thus desert me. ” Magnus
man great strength, fine form, and handsome features, and his dress and appearance are described follows, the Saga Snorro :—King Magnus had his head covered with helmet, and
golden lion; wore his belt sword surpassing sharp ness, the name which was Legbitir, signifying the Limb-cutter; the hilt was ivory, and the handle ornamented with gold, twisted form his hand held javelin, and over his coat mail wore short silken cloak, scarlet colour, which was interwoven the image lion, worked yellow silk, and
acknowledged that whether viewed back front, none could seen superior him strength body, dignity, and beauty.
1103, the Danes Dublin were defeated with great
slaughter, and Torstan, the son
and many other chiefs were slain.
and the Danes Dublin gained
nians, which Donogh O'Maolnambo, prince Hy Kinsellagh, and Conor O'Conor, prince Offaly, with many others, were slain.
1118, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught, led his
forces Dublin, and having defeated the Danes, carried off the hostages they had their hands, and also Donal O'Melagh
lin, son
the Danes
O'Brien.
marched with his forces Dublin, and having reduced the Danes
Eric, Paul, the son Amand,
1115. Donal O'Brien great victory over the Lage
the king Tara; and O'Conor then became king over Dublin, for about seven years, successor Donal 1126, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught,
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 535
mac Oge, son of Cormac, son of Teige Mac mond Mac Peirce; but notwithstanding that, Carthy, and his mother Judith, the daughter of Cormac, the son Teige, son Dermod, suc Pierce-na-Buile, the son of James, son of Ed ceeded.
naught, and afterwards became monarch Ireland, but appears was able exercise only limited authority over the Danes Dublin, who had the same time their own lords, and several
the Norwegian earls the Orkneys, the Hebrides, and Isle Mann, became Danish kings Dublin. 1124, according the Annals Ulster, Thorfinn, son Thorkil, king the
Danes Dublin, died the prime life, sudden disease;
thy, Desies and Waterford. the same year, Cormac Mac Carthy led his forces against O'Brien and the Danes Limerick.
Battles Meath, &c. —In A. D. 1138 the Methians and Lage nians, together with the Danes, proceeded Inismochta, now Inis mott, Meath, the borders Louth, the lake Ballyhoe, and great numbers them having crossed over their boats, and some by swimming the lake, attacked and plundered the island and abbey, but the people the island having sailed their boats, attacked them, and slew and drowned great numbers them, and expelled the rest from the island. 1140 the Danes Dublin gained victory over the Danes Waterford, and slew the grandson Tomar. A. D. 1141, Conor O'Brien, prince Thomond, led his forces Dublin, and the Danes re ceived him their king. A. D. 1142, Oittir, lord the Danes
the Hebrides, came with great forces Ireland, and took and plundered Kells and Dublin. 1146 the Danes Dublin were defeated with great slaughter the men East Meath, and 200 them were slain, together with Reginald, high steward Dublin, the son Thorkil, and another chief named Humphrey. This was Reginald II. , Danish king Dublin, and was succeeded by Oittir, Danish lord the Hebrides, who was killed D. 1148
the sons MacThorkil. the sameyear Ceallach O'Kelly, lord Bregia, was slain Flaherty O'Casey, and the Danes Dublin. Battle Wales. —About 1147, according Ware and
Hanmer, from the Welsh Chronicles, Owen Gwynneth, prince Wales, and his brother Cadwallader, having come Ireland, col lected great force Irish and Danes from Dublin, under Oittir their king, with body Scots called Red Shanks, and they went
Wales, but peace having been concluded between the two brothers, Oittir and the Irish kept Cadwallader prisoner until he would pay the two thousand marks had promised for their ser vices, and lieu compelled him deliver two thousand head
cattle; but prince Owen attacked the Danish forces, slew great number them, and recovered the cattle, and the remnant
appears the Danes restored
have been one the earls Orkneys. D. , 1127, Dublin carried off the shrine St. Columkille, but its own church month afterwards. A. D.
1130, the precious relics and valuable articles Clonmacnois were found with the Danes Limerick, after they had been carried off
Dane named Giolla Comghain, who was hanged O'Brien, king Munster.
Battle Fennor, &c. —In A. D. 1133, Donogh O'Carroll, prince
Oirgiall, with great force the men Louth and Farney, marched into Fingall, and defeated the Danes with great slaughter
Fionnabhair, and amongst the slain were Reginald, the son Paul, and many other chiefs. This battle was fought Fennor,
Meath, near the Boyne, about mile two south Slane. 1133, Conor O’Melaghlin, son the king Meath, was
slain battle by Donogh Mac Giollamocholmoge, heir presump tive the kingdom Leinster, and the Danes Dublin, but Giollamocholmoge was slain month after the men Meath, and they burned the stone church Lusk, full people and valuable articles, revenged the Fingallians for the death O'Melaghlin; and Murrogh O’Melaghlin, king Meath, avengethe loss his son, laid waste Fingall andeastern Leinster.
Battles Dublin. —About 1135, Murogh Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, had great contentions with the Danes Dublin, over whom assumed authority, and having exercised great tyranny them, and exacted large tributes, they, re venge,according Camden and others, sent for Godred, king Mann and the Islands, rule over them, and he having arrived with his fleet, they received him with great joy, and appointed him king. Mac Murrogh collected his forces, encamped his chief town, Cortchelis (probably Carlow), and detached three thou sand his cavalry, under command his uterine brother, O'Sib len, who was prince Offaly, Dublin, against Godred they fought furious battle, which the Irish were defeated, and O'Siblen himself, with great number his forces, were slain. These circumstances are mentioned the Chronicle Mann, but their chronology not correct, and they confound Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, with Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster. This Godred was son Aulaf, and grandson Godred Crovan, who had been king Dublin and the Isle Mann, before men tioned. Godred II. did not long remain king Dublin, but re turned the Isle Mann; was married Finguala, daughter
Murtogh MacLoughlin, king Ulster, and died 1189, and was buried Iona; his daughter, Afreca, was married John
the Danes returned Dublin. Gray, one poem from the Welsh this subject:
“Owen's praise demands my song, Owen swift, and Owen strong
Fairest flower Roderick's stem, Gwyneth's shield and Britain's gem. Big with hosts mighty name, Squadrons three against him came, This the force Erin hiding,
Side by side, proudly riding,
On her shadow, long and gay, Lochlin plows the watery way; There the Norman sails afar
Catch the winds and join the war; Black and huge along they sweep, Burthens the angry deep. Dauntless on his native sands
The Dragon-Son Mona stands; glittering arms and glory drest,
his Odes, gives
Courcy, earl Ulster. According
Stanihurst, and Grace, the Danes
apparently reconciled Mac Murrogh
invited him banquet, they treacherously slew him, about
1140, and, contempt, buried his body along with that dog; his son, Dermod Mac Murrogh, many years after, avenged
his death the Danes, and conjunction with his Anglo-Nor man allies, under Strongbow, &c. , took from the Danes the city Dublin. About this time, according Hanmer, there was famous warrior named Harold, who was brought amongst the Danes Ireland, and was supposed son Magnus, king Norway; collected great forces, went Norway, and the Norwegians made him their king, but was soon after slain.
Battle Waterford. —In 1137, Dermod Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, Conor O'Brien, prince the Dalcassians, together with the Danes Dublin and Wexford, brought their
forces sea, with fleet 200 ships, and attacked and took Waterford, and they carried off the hostages Donogh Mac Car
the battle's roar.
the Chronicles Hanmer, Dublin afterwards became their king, and having
High rears his ruby crest.
There the thundering strokes begin, There the press, and there the din; Talymalfra's rocky shore
Echoing
Where his glowing eye-balls turn, Thousand banners round him burn; Where points his purple spear, Hasty, hasty, Rout there, Marking with indignant eye,
Fear stop, and shame fly. There Confusion, Terror's child, Conflict fierce, and Ruin wild, Agony, that pants for breath, Despair, and honorable death. ”
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536 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583. -
The bishop of Kerry (James Fitz Maurice, full of wisdom; his origin was of the Clan Peirce, bishop of Ardfert), died, namely, James the son of viz. , the tribe of Raymond (Raymond le Gros), the
Richard, son of John, and that bishop was a vessel
In A. D. 1149 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the DanesofDublin,laidwasteDuleek,andslewDermod,sonofMa nus O'Loghlin, tanist of Aileach, and his body was buried in Armagh. In the same year Donogh O'Carroll, prince of Oirgiall, and O'Loghlin, prince of Aileach, marched their forces to Dublin, and Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, came to their camp, and a peace was established between the Danes and Irish. In A. D. 1150 Torlogh O'Brien, king of Munster, marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes came to his camp, and made their submission to him
son of William (Fitzgerald), son of Gerald, and
king of Ireland ever had been before; and he presented the Danes withfourthousandoarema,sarewardfortheirserviceandsub mission to him; the Danes, on that occasion, proceeded with their forces, along with king Roderick, as far as Drogheda, where Donogh O'Carroll and the chiefs of Oirgiall came to his camp, and gave him hostages. In the same year, Tiarnau O'Rourke, with the men of Brefney, and Dermod O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, with the men of Meath, the Danes of Dublin, and some of the La genians, marched to Hy Kinsellagh, and they expelled Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, beyond the sea, and destroyed
Battle at sea on the Coast of Ulster. —In A. D. 1154, Torlogh
O'Conor, king of Connaught, with a great fleet and powerful
forces, sailed along the coasts of Connaught to Ulster, and laid
waste Tirconnell and Inisowen; but the people of Tirconnell and
Tyrone collected their forces under Murtogh O'Loghlin, prince of
Aileach, and hired a Danish fleet from Arrann, Cantyre, the He Reginald, the son of Reginald, lord of the Danes of Dublin, came
brides, and Isle of Mann, under the command of Mac Scelling, their Admiral, and when they arrived at Inisowen a fierce naval battle was fought between them, which continued from daylight till noon, and a great number of the Conacians were slain, together
with one thousand horsemen. In A. D. 1169, Dermod O’Melagh lin, king of Meath, of Offaly, of Offelan, and of the Danes of Dublin, was slain by Donal O'Melaghlin, and the men of Bregia.
English Invasion. —Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, in consequenceof his abduction of Dervorgilla, daughter of Mur victory was ultimately gained over the foreign fleet, and an im togh O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, and wife of Tiarnan O’Rourke,
with their chief commander, Cosmamhach O'Dowd, but a great
mense number of their forces were slain, and their ships taken; Mac Scelling's teeth were all drawn, as a punishment for his having lost the battle. In the same year Murtogh O'Loghlin marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes submitted to him as their king, on which he presented them with 1200 cows, as a reward for their services.
In A. D. 1156 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the Danes of Dublin, and Donogh O'Melaghlin, with their united forces, laid waste Meath, and took away great spoils and preys of cattle from Ardbraceam, Slane, Tailten, Donoghpatrick, &c. ; and in the same year a victory was gained in Cuasan, at Lios Luighidh
in Hy Laoghaire in Meath, against Tiarnan O'Rourke and the men of Brefney, by Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, assisted by the Danes of Dublin and the men of Meath, under Donogh O'Melaghlin, and great numbers of the Brefnians and of their chiefs | were slain. . In A. D. 1157, Murtogh O'Loghlin, king of Ulster, marched with his forces to Leinster, to Desmond, and to Tho mond, and compelled their kings and princes to give him hostages and tribute, and having reduced the Dalcassians to subjection, he
prince of Brefney, and his having committed various other acts of violence, was attacked by the forces of king Roderick O'Conor and of O’Rourke, prince of Brefney, and being defeated, was forced to fly from Ireland, in A. D. 1166; having gone to England, he sought the aid of king Henry II. , and having obtained some forces,
he returned in A.
The Geraldines of Kildare and Desmond were by far the most
powerful and illustrious of the Anglo-Norman families in Ireland,
and produced many men eminent for valour and patriotism ; they
were often in alliance with the Irish chiefs, against the English
government, and having adopted the Irish language, manners, and
customs, they were charged by the English of having become
“Hibernicis ipsis Hiberniores,” or more Irish than the Irish them above recorded in the Annals. James Fitzgerald, the 17th earl selves. The earls of Kildare formed marriage alliances with the of Desmond, was taken prisoner in 1601, and sent to the Tower of O'Neills, princes of Tyrone, the O'Donnells, princes of Tyrconnell, London, where he died in A. D. 1608, as hereafter mentioned. the O'Conors, lords of Offaly, the O'Moores, lords of Leix, and Mac Geoghegan, in his History of Ireland, says—“Such was the the O'Carrolls, lords of Ely O'Carroll ; and the earls of Desmond end of the illustrious house of the Fitzgeralds of Desmond, the became allied by intermarriages with the Mac Carthys, princes of Maccabees of our day, who sacrificed their lives and properties in Desmond, and earls of Clancare; the O'Briens, princes and earls defence of the Catholic cause. ” The particulars of the death of of Thomond; the O'Carrolls, lords of Ely O'Carroll; the O'Sul the earl Gerald, above mentioned by the Four Masters, were as livans, lords of Beara, in Cork; the O'Conors, lords of Kerry, and
the O'Conors, lords of Sligo. As by the Act of the Anglo-Irish Parliament, called the Statute of Kilkenny, it was prohibited, under penalties of treason or felony, for any families of English descent to form alliances by marriage or fosterage with the Mile sian Irish, these alliances were brought as charges against the houses of Kildare and Desmond, in consequence of which many of them, as above explained, suffered confiscation of their estates, persecution and death. The earls of Desmond were sometimes in alliance, but more frequently at war with their great rivals, the
Butlers, earls of Ormond. In A. D. 1565, as related at p. 456, in these Annals, a great battle was fought in Waterford, between Gerald, earl of Desmond, and Thomas, earl of Ormond, in which Desmond, being defeated and taken prisoner, was, as mentioned by Cox, carried on a bier from the field of battle on men's shoulders, and one of the Butlers having insultingly asked him, “Where is the great earl of Desmond now? ” he replied with great spirit, “Where should he be but on the necks of the Butlers. ” Gerald, the 16th earl of Desmond, son of James, the 15th earl, was one of the most powerful subjects in Europe, held the rank of a Prince Palatine, with all the authority of a provincial king, had many strong castles and towns, and his vast possessions extended about one hundred and fifty miles over the counties of Cork, Kerry, Limerick, Tipperary, and Waterford, comprising about six hundred thousand acres of profitable land, independent of immense tracts of waste lands, so that his entire estates amounted to about one million of acres. He had a vast number of vassals, and could raise at a call a force of 2000 foot and 600 horse, and had besides in his retinue of his own kindred 500 gentle men of the Fitzgeralds. The earl of Desmond having resisted the Reformation in the reign of Elizabeth, waged war against the English government, and being joined by his brothers and relatives,
follows; his forces being defeated and dispersed, and his brothers and kindred slain, he was reduced to the greatest distress, and became a fugitive, with only a few followers, wandering through
the woods and wilds of Kerry, concealed in glens and caves to evade his pursuers, being outlawed, and a large reward offered for
him dead or alive. The earl in his misfortunes was chiefly sup ported by one of his faithful followers, Geoffrey Mac Sweeney, a captain of galloglasses, who being slain, the earl was greatly dis tressed for provisions, and some of his servants took a prey of cat tle between Tralee and Castlemaine, from one of the O'Moriartys, on which Owen O'Moriarty applied to the English governor of Castlemaine, from whom he obtained a party of 7 musketeers and 12 kerns, who pursued the cattle; this party about midnight having discovered a fire in a wood within a few miles of Tralee, they reconnoitred the place, and discovered 5 or 6 persons in a ruined house, and entering all the inmates fled except aged man venerable appearance, who sat by the fire; one Daniel Kelly, an Irish soldier, attacked the old man, and almost cut off his arm with blow his sword, which he cried out—“Spare me for am the earl Desmond,” but the base kern, regardless
his entreaties, killed him and cut off his head, which carried Cork, Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, who had
sent England present the queen, who caused
fixed pole London Bridge. This Daniel Kelly who killed the earl, was, says Cox, “a native Irishman who had been bred by the English had for that service pension £20 year
from queen Elizabeth, but going some misdeeds, hanged Tyburn.
November, 1583, mentioned glen called Glenagintigh, situated
London, was soon after, for
The earl was slain the 11th the Annals, sequestered the parish Ballymac Elli
gott, between Tralee and Castleisland; his body was concealed the people prevent from falling into the hands his enemies,
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earl (of Desmond), died at an advanced age while imprisoned in Limerick, on account of his sons being joined with the earl of Desmond.
The Roche,” i. e. David, the son of Maurice, son
of David, son of Maurice, and his wife Oilen (Ellen), the daughter of James, son of Edmond
stored to the earldom by queen Elizabeth for a political object, and, according to Cox and Lodge, he was in the year 1600 sent over to Ireland by the advice of sir Robert Cecil, in hopes he might regain the followers of his family, and bring them under obedience to the crown. When he came to Cork, says Cox, the inhabitants, finding he was a Protestant, refused to entertain him, so that he was fain to intrude himself on the mayor; he then went to Kilmallock, where multitudes flocked to see him and do him duty, but as soon as they saw him go to church on Sunday, they all forsook him and treated him with great contumely ; he was the 17th earl, and commonly called the queen's earl of Desmond ; he returned to London, where he soon after died in 1601, under sus picion of being poisoned. James Fitz-Thomas Fitzgerald, the son of sir Thomas, and grandson of James, the 15th earl of Desmond, attempting to recover the estates and honours of his ancestors, joined the standard of Hugh O'Neill, earl of Tyrone, against the queen, and in 1598 was appointed earl of Desmond by O'Neill, and hence he was called O'Neill's earl of Desmond, in opposition to the queen's earl of Desmond, but as his title was not recognised by the crown, he was designated the Sugan Earl, signifying the Earl of Straw. Cox says the Sugan Earl was the handsomest man of his time, and one of the most potent of the earls of Desmond ; he was a valiant commander, and headed a great force for some years in Munster, but being at length defeated, he became a fugitive and outlaw, and a great reward being offered for him dead or alive, he was taken on the 29th of May, 1601, by Fitzgibbon, called the White Knight, while concealed in a cave in the mountain of Slieve Grot in Tipperary, and delivered to Carew, the president of Mun ster, at Shandon castle, for which service Fitzgibbon received a reward of one thousand pounds. Desmond was secured in irons and sent to Cork, where he was tried and convicted of
treason, and in August 1601, transmitted prisoner to London, to
gether with the celebrated chief Florence Mac Carthy, who, says Cox, was the greatest man of the Mac Carthy's since the conquest.
Desmond and Mac Carthy were both confined in the Tower, where
the earl died, A. D. 1608, after an imprisonment of seven years,
and was buried in the chapel of the Tower. John Fitz-Thomas,
brother of this earl, was also a commander of note in Munster for
some years, but fled to Spain in 1603; he was styled earl of
Desmond, and died at Barcelona ; his son Gerald, also styled
count and earl of Desmond, was in the military service of Spain
and Austria, and having died in Germany in 1632, thus terminated the illustrious house of Desmond.
Confiscated Lands-In 1583 an Act of attainder was passed against Gerald, the great earl of Desmond, and his vast estates
were confiscated, and no less than 574,628 acres were seized by the crown, together with his many strong castles, and transferred
1,600, and Edmond Spenser, the poet, 3,000 acres.
In Kerry. Sir William Herbert 13,000acres; Charles Herbert 4,000; sir Valentine Brown, ancestor to the earls of Kenmare,
to various new English settlers, who were called Undertakers and Planters. An account of this plantation is given by Cox, and in Smith's Histories of Cork, Kerry, and Waterford. Amongst the conditions on which these grants of lands were given, the Under takers were not permitted to convey any part of the lands to the
the family
Jane, daughter
maurice, baron
viscount Fermoy, lived the reigns Charles 1. . . and II. , and was distinguished nobleman supporting the interests king Charles Ireland during the civil wars, and consequence his
mere Irish, and the English settlers were also prohibited to inter marry with the Irish, and none of the Irish were to be maintained
steady adherent the tlelough, and some them were barons Tarbert Limerick.
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 531
and, after a considerable time, privately buried in the small church
of Kilnamanagh, at Ardnegrath, near Castleisland. The great earl
of Desmond was long remembered in the tales and traditions of
the people under the name of Gioroid Iarla, or Gerald the Earl,
and in their wild legends represented as not dead, but that he and
his warriors were sleeping in a cave in the mountains of Kerry in
complete armour, and their steeds standing beside them ready
saddled, and that the earl and his champions would sometime arise
from their enchanted slumber, and war with the English, as the
ancient Welsh believed for ages, that their renowned hero, Arthur,
king of Britain, was not dead, but gone with his warriors to
Fairy-land, from whence they would one day return to liberate the
Kymri from Saxon bondage. James, only son of Gerald the earl,
was kept some years a prisoner in the Tower of London, but re Thomas Norris 6,000; Thomas Say 5,800; sir Richard Beacon
in any family. Cox says letters were written to every county in England to encourage younger brothers to become Undertakers in Ireland; the conditions were that the queen was to grant these confiscated lands in fee at 3d. per acre in Limerick and Kerry, and 2d. per acre in Cork and Waterford; to be rent free till March 1590; and to pay but half rent for three years from thence, and no Irish to be permitted to reside on the lands. Of the Desmond estates in Cork and Waterford, sir Walter Raleigh got 40,000 acres, which afterwards passed to the family of Boyle, earls of Cork. The other English Undertakers who got grants of the Des mond estates were the following. In Cork, Arthur Robins 18,000 acres; Fane Beecher I2,000; Hugh Worth 12,000; Arthur Hyde 12,000; sir Warham St. Leger 6,000; Hugh Cuffe 6,000 : sir
6,000; sir Edward Denny 6,000; John Hally 4,000; captain Conway and John Campion 2,000 acres.
In Limerick. Sir George Bourchier 13,000 acres ; William Trenchard 12,000; Henry Billingsly 12,000; William Cour tenay 10,500; Francis Barkly 7,000; Edward Manwaring 3,750; Richard Fitton 3,000; Robert Anslow 2,600; and George Thorn ton 1,500 acres. Limerick, Waterford, and Tipperary, sir Edward Fitton got 11,500 acres. Waterford, sir Christopher Hatton got 10,900 acres, and Tipperary Thomas Butler, earl Ormond, got 3,000 acres.
The Roches Fermoy. —The family Rupe Roche,
according the Irish Peerage and Rudiments Honour, Fran cis Nicholls, published 1727, were maternally descended from Charlemagne, king France and emperor the West, and the remarkable pedigree the ancestors this family, shewn that they derive their descent from the most illustrious sources,
their progenitors being allied,
earls Flanders, the counts
kings England, the house
queror, and other Anglo-Norman kings. The Roches came Ireland the reign Henry II. along with the other Anglo-Nor man chiefs, Strongbow's time; and the reigns Richard and king John, they got large grants lands Cork, the ter ritory Fermoy, which from them was called Roche's Country, and they erected castle, and founded Cistercian monastery Fermoy, and they had seats Castletown Roche, and other places. Alexander, David, John, and Maurice Fitz-John Roche, were succession barons Fermoy tenure, and about
1300 the lords George and John Roche are mentioned Lodge's Peerage the Fitzinaurices, earls Kerry, connected in termarriage with that family. the reign Edward IV. , about
1470, the most noble, potent, and honorable Ulick Roche was created viscount Rupe and Fermoy and Lodge's Peer age, the Courcys, barons Kinsale, David More Roche, viscount Fermoy, mentioned about the year 1490. According
the passage above the Annals, David Roche was, 1583,
viscount Fermoy, and his pedigree given son Maurice,
tired with regiment France, and died ther David Roche, viscount Fermoy, sat
the Continent. Ano the parliament King
intermarriages, with the great Bavaria, Alfred, and other Saxon Capet France, William the Con
son David, son Maurice, and his wife was Ellen Mac Pierce,
the Fitzmaurices, afterwards earls Kerry; and this David Roche, was married Patrick Fitz Lixnaw, Kerry. Another David Roche,
loyalty his extensive estates, estimated worth fifty thousand pounds per annum, were confiscated by Cromwell; lord Roche re
James II. Dublin, 1689, and was
House of Stuart. The Roches had also the title of baronsof Cas
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532 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
Mac Pierce, died in the same month, at the end of this year; and there was not of the Fionn-Ghalla
O’Mulloy (of King’s county), i. e. Theobald, died.
(Normans), of Ireland, who ruled over a Triochad
Cead (barony), of an estate, a couple more noble Mac Carthy, lord of Muskerry, a man of good
than they were.
After the confiscation of their estates in the Cromwellian and Wil liamite wars, the Roches of Fermoy retired to the Continent, and
Cormac, the son of Teige, son of Cormac Oge personal figure, and of fair complexion, who pos
O'Dunn, lord of Bregia, prisoner, and carried him beyond the sea, to the east. In A. D. 1024, the men of Ossory and Leinster led their forces to Talcande, and carried off valuable articles and hostages from the Danes, and they were also defeated at Erlant. In A. D 1025, Flaherty O’Neill, king of Ulster, led his forces to Bregia, and carried off the hostages of the Irish from the Danes, and in the following year O'Neill came to Meath, with his ally, Malachy, and having attacked the Danes, they carried off hos tages from them, and having proceeded on the ice, they laid waste against the Danes Inis Mochta, now Inismott, on the lake of Ballyhoe, in Meath, on the borders of Louth and Monaghan. In this year, also, Raon, heir presumptive to the throne of Tara, de feated the Damesof Dublin in several battles in Meath.
The Battle of Lickblagh. -In A. D. 1027, Sitric, son of Aulaf,
Danish king of Dublin, joined by Donogh O’Dunn, prince of Bre
gia, led a great force to Meath, and proceeded as far as Leic Bladhma, or Leic Blagha, and to Monaigh Iomshlain, where they
were attacked by the men of Meath, commanded by Roen O'Me laghlin, prince of Westmeath, and a fierce battle being fought
between them, the victory was gained over the Danes and Bre gians, and an immense number were slain, together with Donogh O'Dunn, prince of Bregia, and Giolla Uasaill, son of Giolla Kevin, lord of Cualann, in Wicklow. The place where this battle was fought called Leic Bladhma, is now known as Licblagh, in West meath, between Castlepollard and Lough Sheelin. In another engagement the Danes defeated and slew Roen, prince of Meath, with many of his men.
Aulaf, king of the Danes of Dublin, went on a pilgrimage to Rome.
In A. D. 1029, Aulaf, son of Sitric, king of the Danes was taken prisoner by Mahon O’Regan, prince of Bregia, who compelled him
to pay as a ransom for his liberation 1200 cows, and seven score (140) British horses, together with sixty ounces of gold, and the
sword of Carolus, and sixty ounces of silver for throwing off his fetters, and eighty cows as the price of intercession, and four hos tages to O'Regan himself, for making peace; and Aulaf was also compelled to give up the hostages of Ireland, both of Leinster and Leath Cuinn, with a full redemption of all hostages. Several of the O’Regans and O'Kellys, princes of Bregia, are mentioned at this time, and they were in contention with each other for that prin cipality. In A. D. 1031, Ardbraccan, in Meath, was plundered by Sitric and the Danes of Dublin, 200 persons were burned in the stone church, and 200 more were carried off captives, together with much cattle. Gluniarn, the son of Sitric, was slain by the people of South Bregia,
Battle of the Boyne, &c. —In A. D. 1032, a victory was gained by Sitric, son of Aulaf, over the Conallians, or men of Louth, and other adjoining parts of Ulster, and 300 of them were slain or
made captives; this battle was fought near the mouth of the river Boyne. In 1034, Aulaf, son of Sitric, was slain by the Saxons, in England, while on his way to Rome. In 1035, Regi nald, grandson of Ivar, lord of the Danes of Waterford, was trea cherously slain in Dublin by Sitric ; he was succeeded by Com manus, son of Raban, who was slain in 1038, and in the same year Waterford was plundered by Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king of
some of them were distinguished commanders in the Irish Brigade
in France, and also in the service of Spain and Sardinia. There are
still many highly respectable families of the Roches in the coun
ties of Cork and Limerick, and accounts of them are given in
Smith's History of Cork, in Windele's learned work on Cork, and in Burke's Commoners.
IX. Danish Wars in the eleventh and twelfth centuries. —In the preceding articles, an account has been given of the Danish wars in the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, concluding with
the battle of Clontarf, and in this is continued, from p. 516, an account of those wars in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, down to the termination of the Danish power, and the invasion of the Anglo-Normans. On the death of Brian Boru, at Clontarf, A. D. 1014, Malachy II. who had been deposed by Brian, and reigned only as king of Meath, resumed the crown, and became again monarch of Ireland, and reigned to his death, A. D. 1022, and during this period he fought several battles with the Danes. In A. D. 1015, king Malachy, with the Hy Niall, and O'Muldory, prince of Tyrconnell, led their forces to Dublin, and burned the fortress and the houses outside the fortress, and afterwards went into Hy Kinsellagh, laid waste the country, and carried off more than 1000 captives, with flocks of cattle, but they were attacked, and a great number of them slain.
Battle of Odbha, &c. —In A. D. 1016, king Malachy defeated the Danish forces, and their allies, the Lagenians, with immense slaughter, at a place called Odbha, in Meath, where several other great battles were fought in ancient times, and is now named Dowth, and situated between Drogheda and Siane. In the same year, according to Inisfallen, Kildare, Glendalough, Clonard, Swords of Columkill, and Armagh, were burned by Sitric, son of Aulaf, and the Danes of Dublin, but they were attacked by Ma lachy and O'Neill, and great numbers of them were slain. In A. D. 1017, Brann, son of Maolmora Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, was treacherously taken by Sitric, Danish king of Dub lin, who had his eyes put out, of which punishment he soon after died. In A. D. 1018, Kells was plundered by Sitric and the Danes of Dublin, and they carried off immense booty, and many captives, and slew a great number of people, in the midst of the church, In A. D. 1020, the shrine of St. Patrick and his relics, called Finn foideach, were plundered at Armagh or Downpatrick, by the Danes, and O'Aidith and the people of Lower Iveagh, who also carried off 700 cows.
Battle of Delgany. —In A. D. 1021, Ughaire, king of Leinster, defeated the Danes of Dublin, under Sitric, in a great battle, at Delgne Mogarog, in Hy Briuin Cualann ; this battle was fought at Delgany, in Wicklow, and the Danish forces were defeated with great slaughter, and several thousands of them were slain.
South Bregia, and as far as Duleek, and they slew Ainbith Rome in A. D. 1030, died on his way, and was succeededby his son O'Casey, lord of Saitne, and they treacherously took Donogh Aulaf VI. , who going on a pilgrimage to Rome, A. D. 1034, was
Battle of Athboy, &c. —In A. D. 1022, king Malachy gained a
great victory over the Danes of Dublin, near Ath Buidhe of
Tlachtga, now Athboy, in Meath, in which the Four Masters state
that a vast number of them were slain in the evening, at the Yel
low-ford. This battle was fought in the beginning of July, and
king Malachy died two months after, namely the 4th of the
Nones of September, on a Sunday, in the 73d year of his age, at
Cro-inis; an island in Lough Annin, now Lough Ennell, near Mul
lingar. In this year a great naval battle was fought between the
Danes of Dublin and Niall Mac Eochada, prince of Ulidia, in
which the Danes were defeated with immense slaughter, and
great numbers of them made captives and their ships taken from
them. In A. D. 1023, the Danes of Dublin led their forces to Sitric III. , Danish king of Dublin, having gone on a pilgrimage to
In 1028, Flanagan O'Kelly, prince of Bregia, and Sitric, son of
• Leinster, and Ivar was slain. In 1035, Ardbraccan was plundered by Sitric, and Swords was plundered and burned, in retaliation, by Conor O'Melaghlin.
In 1037, Skreen and Duleek, in Meath, were plundered by the Danes of Dublin ; and in 1038, the island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, was laid waste by the Danes.
Christ Church founded by the Danes. —According to Ware,
REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 533
sessed most of white-walled buildings, fair, well Intestine commotions arose in the country after the roofed castles, and Coarb's seats (Abbacies), of death of Cormac, some of the people supporting any of the descendants of Eoghan More, died. Callachan, the son of Teige, who claimed to take
slain in England, and was succeeded by his son, Sitric IV. In A. D. Godred Crovan. —According the Chronicles Mann, John 1038, according to Ware and Lanigan, and the Liber Niger, or Black stone's Celto-Normanic Antiquities, Godred Crovan, son Harold
Book of Trinity Church, Dublin, this Danish king, Sitric, in con junction with Donatus, an Ostman or Dane, then bishop of Dub
lin, founded the Cathedral of Christ Church, which Sitric amply endowed, conferring on it the lands of Baldoyle, Raheny, and Por
trane, with all their produce, cattle and corn, and the services of the villeins or serfs attached to those lands “ cum villanis et vac
the Black, Iceland, descendant the kings powerful fleet, conquered the Isle Mann
ruled over the Isle of Mann and the Hebrides.
Norway, with 1056, and In 1068 he sub
cis et bladis,” and he also gave gold and silver sufficient to build
the Cathedral. In A. D. 1035, according to Inisfallen, Sitric brides, and was succeeded king Mann by his son Lagmann,
having left the government of Dublin, went across the sea, and was succeeded by a chief named Eachmarcach, probably Emeric ; and in 1038, Ivar, the son of Harold, succeeded Emeric as Danish king of Dublin. According to Ware, Sitric IV. died A. D. 1042,- and was succeeded by Aulaf; this was Aulaf VII.
In A. D. 1045, Ivar, the son of Harold, and the Danes of Dub
lin attacked the Island of Raghlin, off the coast of Antrim, and
slew 300 of the Ultonians. In 1046, Ivar, the son of Harold, was
expelled from Dublin by the Danes, and was succeeded as king by
Emeric, son of Reginald. About this time, according to the Saga
of Snorro, Thorfin, earl of Orkneys, son of earl Sigurd, who had been
slain at Clontarf, with powerful forces of Norwegians, made hos
tile expeditions to the coasts of Ireland, and fought great battles
with the Irish Danes at Waterford ; this Thorfin ruled over the
northern half of Scotland, while his ally Macbeth was king in the
south. About this period also, various expeditions of the Irish to
Wales are mentioned in the Welsh Chronicles of Caradoc, of Lan
carvan, and in Ware and Hammer. The Irish were allied with the
different Welsh princes who were contending for the sovereignty of
Wales, and Conan ap Jago, prince of North Wales, was married to
Ranulpa, daughter of Aulaf, Danish king of Dublin ; Conan was
expelled from Wales by Griffith ap Lewellyn, who usurped the
government, but Conan being joined by his father-in-law Aulaf,
they collected their forces from Dublin, and sailed to Wales about
A. D. 1045, and having defeated Griffith, took him prisoner, but
he was soon after rescued by his own men, and the forces of Aulaf feated the Danes Dublin, Wexford, and Waterford, who had
dued Dublin and great part Leinster with powerful forces; this time Murrogh, before mentioned, was king Dublin, but ap pears have been dispossessed Godred, and died 1070. Godred Crovan died 1076, the Island Ila the He
who, after reign seven years, set out pilgrimage Jeru salem, where he died.
Battle Odhbha. -In 1072, Dermod Mac Maolnambo, king Leinster and Leath Mogha, and the Danes Dublin, led his forces Meath against Conor O'Melaghlin, king Meath,
and they fought fierce battle Odhbha, now Dowth, between Drogheda and Slane, which the forces king Dermod were totally defeated, and many hundreds the Lagenians and their
were defeated with great slaughter, and he and Conan fled to their ships and returned to Dublin. In A. D. 1050, Conan collected another force in Ireland, and attempted to recover Wales, but his fleet was destroyed by a storm; various other expeditions of the Irish into Wales, from A. D. 1050 to 1060, are related by Han Iner.
In A. D. 1052, Dermod Mac Maolmambo, king of Leinster, led his forces to Fingal, and burned the entire country about Dublin, and he fought a great battle with the Danes at their fortress, where great numbers were slain, and he remained in Dublin until Emeric, son of 18eginald, king of the Danes, went beyond the sea, and Dermod thembecame king over the Danes. Murrogh, the son of Maolnambo, soon after was appointed king over the Danes of Dublin, and he and his father were the first Irish kings who as sumed authority over the Danes, but from this period, for a cen tury afterwards, these Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster, were generally styled kings of Dublin. This Murrogh Mac Murrogh died A. D. 1070, and in 1075 is recorded in the Four Masters the death of Donal Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster and of Dublin. In A. D. 1955, Guthorm or Gorm, a Norwegian Iarl, and famous war rior, is mentioned in the Saga of Snorro as having come to Dublin with powerful forces, and entered into alliance with Murchard, an
Irish king, who, no doubt, was Murchad or Murrogh above men tioned, king of Dublin.
Gorm and Murrogh with their combined forces and a large fleet sailed to Wales, and, having plundered the
country, they took away an immense quantity of silver and other booty, but Murrogh having attempted to appropriate the spoils himself, Gorm resisted, and they fought great battle, which
Murrogh was defeated. Gorm got such vast quantity silver, that offered tenth part St. Olaf, and his return
gone with great forces plunder Cork. About A. 1090, Mur togh O'Brien, king Munster, who had been king over the Danes Dublin, again assumed authority over them, and fought some
battles with the forces Godfrey Meranagh some these con tests are related the Chronicle Mann, but the chronology not correct, Godfrey confounded with another king Mann named Godred, who lived about 50 years after that time.
Battles Leinster and Dublin. —In 1094, Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster, with the forces Munster, Ossory, and Leinster, marched Dublin, and Donal O'Loghlin, king Aileach, with the forces Tyrone and Tirconnell, and Donal O'Melaghlin, king Tara, with the men Meath, and Donogh O'Eochy, prince
Ulidia, marched the plain Leinster, burned Oughterard Kildare, and gained great victory over the men Munster and the Lagenians. Murtogh O'Brien and the men Munster, again came Dublin, and expelled Godfrey Meranagh, the Danish king, having defeated his forces, and stated that had fleet 90 ships; Murtogh O'Brien then appointed his own son Donal, king over the Danes Dublin. 1095, the nobility the Isle Mann sent embassy king Murtogh O'Brien, requesting would send one his family ruler the Island; appointed his nephew Donal, son Teige O'Brien, king Mann, but consequence his tyranny, the Manks and Hebridians expelled him from the Island. Godfrey Meranagh died soon after his ex pulsion from Dublin, and his death recorded the Four Masters
Norway, had formed out the silver image Christ feet Stanihurst, Hanmer, and others, number Danes Ostmen high, which placed the church St. Olaf. came Dublin, and obtained either from Mac Murrogh, king
allies the Danes were slain, and Dermod himself was killed and decapitated. This battle was fought Tuesday, the 7th the Ides February, according the Four Masters, who quote some verses from one the ancient bards, praise the cele brated and heroic king Dermod, saying, that after his death there was profit pleasure, gladness peace.
Godfrey Meranagh. -About 1073, Godfrey Meranagh, who appears have been relative Godred Crovan, king the Isle Mann, became Danish king Dublin; was Godfrey
IV. , and ruled over Dublin many years, but his authority was contested by the O'Briens, kings Munster. A. 1075, Dublin was taken Murtogh O'Brien, prince Thomond, son
Torlogh O'Brien king Munster. Murtogh O'Brien becameking over the Danes Dublin, and appears have ruled over them about ten years 1085, but Godfrey Meranagh the same
time was acknowledged by the Danes king Dublin.
1088, the people Iveagh Munster, the south Cork, de
1095, having taken place prevailed over Europe that year, and the people Ireland were carried off
the awful plague which stated, that one-fourth that pestilence. Donal
O’Brien ruled over the Danes Dublin for about 24 years,
1118, when became monk. About A. D. 1096, according
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534 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583.
possession of the country, on account of his se ment the country the strength his father’s niority; another party supported Cormac, the son patent; and the third party supported the young of Dermod, son of Teige, who sought the govern sons this Cormac, the son Teige, son Cor
Leinster, or from Murtogh O'Brien, king of Munster, a district on proach they perceived great drove cattle coming on, the north side of the city adjoining the Liffey, which from this which the Irish delivered up the Northmen. was
colony was called Ostmantown, and in after times Oatmantown Green, and comprised districts in St. Michan's and St. Paul's parishes, extending from the Four Courts to the Park, along Stoneybatter, Grangegorman, Prussia-street, Arbour Hill, &c. ; which districts in those days were mostly covered with a great oak forest, and it is stated that king William Rufus obtained some of this oak to make the ceiling and roof of Westminster Hall, either from Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, or Murtogh O'Brien,
king of Munster; and about this time the church of St. Michan's in Dublin, was founded by Michan, an Ostman or Dane.
now about noon-day, and the Northmen prepared return their ships, but when they came the marshes, the Irish, who had formed ambuscade adjoining wood, suddenly rushed with fierce assault the foreigners. King Magnus ordered
Eyvinder, his chief commander, sound the trumpet and sum mon all his men the royal standard, and his warriors close their ranks with serried shields until they passed the swamps and came the plains, where they would safe. Magnus and his men made their way old fort entrenchment, which they reached with difficulty, and being fiercely pursued the
Battle of Moycoba. —In A. D. 1100, Murtogh O'Brien, king Irish, the Northmen were slaughtered great numbers. The
of Munster, with great forces, and a powerful fleet of the Danes, invaded Ulster, and proceeded to Easroe, in Tyrconnell, and to Der ry, but they were defeated with great slaughter by the son of Mac
king seeing certain champion, man from Upland, Sweden, name Thorgrim, called him, saying, “Do you with your cohort cross the rampart, and while doing we will defend you, and when you have passed occupy the opposite hill, and drowned. About A. D. 1098, Magnus, king of Norway, also be with your skilful archers attack the enemy, until we pass on
Loghlin, prince of Aileach, and great numbers of them were slain and
came king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann; he made expeditions to the coast of Ireland, and in 1102, came with his
ward. ” Thorgrim and his followers crossed the foss, but imme diately placing their shields their backs, fled their ships. The king perceiving their flight, exclaimed—“Is thus you fly,
forces and a large fleet to Dublin. The men of Ireland marched
in great numbers to Dublin to attack Magnus, and his Danes and
Norwegians, who had come to ravage Ireland, on which they made
peace for one year with the Irish, and king Murtogh O'Brien en fought with great valour, but while defending himself against
tered into an alliance with Magnus, and gave his daughter Bebinn in marriage to Sigurd, son of Magnus, with much wealth and great presents, and Sigurd was appointed, by his father, king of the Orkneys, Hebrides, and Isle of Mann. It may be mentioned as a remarkable circumstance, that in the reigns of George II. and III. some of the ladies of the O'Brien family, earls of Thomond, be came countesses of Orkneys by intermarriage with the Hamiltons, earls of Orkneys. In A. D. 1103, Magnus, king of Norway, with a great fleet, some say sixteen ships, others sixty, and powerful forces invaded Ireland, for the purpose of making a conquest of
numbers, was transfixed the thrust javelin through
both thighs, above the knees, but drawing out the weapon with
his own hands, broke between his feet, exclaiming, Thus we young warriors can break these twigs; fight bravely, my men, and fear danger for me. ” Soon after, however, the dauntless king received powerful stroke battle-axe the neck, and fell. On the death Magnus, the remnant the Nor wegians fled their ships, but Vidkunner, the son John, killed the man who had given the mortal blow Magnus, after had himself received three severe wounds, but succeeded carrying off the ships the king's sword and the royal standard. An immense number the Northmen, together with their king, were slain, and also several Iarls, Swerker, Eyvinder, Ulfr, Dago, and other chiefs, and the remnant fled their ships along with Sigurd, son Magnus, earl Orkneys. King Magnus, who was
the country, and it is stated in the Chronicle of Mann, and by
Ware and Hanmer, that Magnus sent his messengers to king
Murtogh O'Brien, with a pair of his shoes, commanding him to
carry them on his shoulders, in his court, in the presence of the
ambassadors, on Christmas day, as a token of his subjection and
homage. This insolent messageof the Norwegian king raised the then about the 40th year his age, represented having been
Irish to resistance, and Magnus and his forces having overrun a
great part of the country, proceeded to Ulster, where they were
opposed by the Ultonians, and in a fierce battle fought at Moy
coba, near Downpatrick, on St. Bartholomew's day, the 24th of carried his arm red shield, on which was impressed the image
August, 1103, the Norwegians were defeated, and almost slain, together with king Magnus himself, who, according some ac counts, was buried near Downpatrick, but according other statements, the cathedral that place. An interesting account
the expedition and death Magnus given from the Icelandic Saga, Johnstone's Celto-Scandinavian Antiquities, from which the following particulars have been collected :-King Magnus
fought many battles with the Irish, but was resisted with great bravery, and length entered into truce with the men Ulster, and prepared his ships sail Norway, condition that the Irish would give him large supply cattle, killed for the support his men. The eve St. Bartholomew's day, the 23d August, was the time appointed for the Irish supply the cattle, but not having fulfilled their promise, Magnus, with his forces, disembarked St. Bartholomew's day, see about the cattle. The day was calm and beautiful—the sun shining serenely the heavens; they travelled over marshes and bogs, making their way little bridges, constructed rough hewn poles and pieces
timber, and through dense woods, and having length reached hill, from which they had extensive prospect, they perceived distance immense cloud dust, such that produced
body horsemen some said these were the Irish forces and Lagenians subjection, appointed his son Conor king coming attack them, others considered they were messengers Dublin, but Conor O'Conor was expelled year two after coming with the proposed supply cattle, and nearer ap from Dublin. At this time Torlogh O'Conor was king Con
you coward was fool prefer you command instead Sigurd, the swiftfooted, who would not thus desert me. ” Magnus
man great strength, fine form, and handsome features, and his dress and appearance are described follows, the Saga Snorro :—King Magnus had his head covered with helmet, and
golden lion; wore his belt sword surpassing sharp ness, the name which was Legbitir, signifying the Limb-cutter; the hilt was ivory, and the handle ornamented with gold, twisted form his hand held javelin, and over his coat mail wore short silken cloak, scarlet colour, which was interwoven the image lion, worked yellow silk, and
acknowledged that whether viewed back front, none could seen superior him strength body, dignity, and beauty.
1103, the Danes Dublin were defeated with great
slaughter, and Torstan, the son
and many other chiefs were slain.
and the Danes Dublin gained
nians, which Donogh O'Maolnambo, prince Hy Kinsellagh, and Conor O'Conor, prince Offaly, with many others, were slain.
1118, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught, led his
forces Dublin, and having defeated the Danes, carried off the hostages they had their hands, and also Donal O'Melagh
lin, son
the Danes
O'Brien.
marched with his forces Dublin, and having reduced the Danes
Eric, Paul, the son Amand,
1115. Donal O'Brien great victory over the Lage
the king Tara; and O'Conor then became king over Dublin, for about seven years, successor Donal 1126, Torlogh O'Conor, king Connaught,
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REIGN OF ELIZABETH. 535
mac Oge, son of Cormac, son of Teige Mac mond Mac Peirce; but notwithstanding that, Carthy, and his mother Judith, the daughter of Cormac, the son Teige, son Dermod, suc Pierce-na-Buile, the son of James, son of Ed ceeded.
naught, and afterwards became monarch Ireland, but appears was able exercise only limited authority over the Danes Dublin, who had the same time their own lords, and several
the Norwegian earls the Orkneys, the Hebrides, and Isle Mann, became Danish kings Dublin. 1124, according the Annals Ulster, Thorfinn, son Thorkil, king the
Danes Dublin, died the prime life, sudden disease;
thy, Desies and Waterford. the same year, Cormac Mac Carthy led his forces against O'Brien and the Danes Limerick.
Battles Meath, &c. —In A. D. 1138 the Methians and Lage nians, together with the Danes, proceeded Inismochta, now Inis mott, Meath, the borders Louth, the lake Ballyhoe, and great numbers them having crossed over their boats, and some by swimming the lake, attacked and plundered the island and abbey, but the people the island having sailed their boats, attacked them, and slew and drowned great numbers them, and expelled the rest from the island. 1140 the Danes Dublin gained victory over the Danes Waterford, and slew the grandson Tomar. A. D. 1141, Conor O'Brien, prince Thomond, led his forces Dublin, and the Danes re ceived him their king. A. D. 1142, Oittir, lord the Danes
the Hebrides, came with great forces Ireland, and took and plundered Kells and Dublin. 1146 the Danes Dublin were defeated with great slaughter the men East Meath, and 200 them were slain, together with Reginald, high steward Dublin, the son Thorkil, and another chief named Humphrey. This was Reginald II. , Danish king Dublin, and was succeeded by Oittir, Danish lord the Hebrides, who was killed D. 1148
the sons MacThorkil. the sameyear Ceallach O'Kelly, lord Bregia, was slain Flaherty O'Casey, and the Danes Dublin. Battle Wales. —About 1147, according Ware and
Hanmer, from the Welsh Chronicles, Owen Gwynneth, prince Wales, and his brother Cadwallader, having come Ireland, col lected great force Irish and Danes from Dublin, under Oittir their king, with body Scots called Red Shanks, and they went
Wales, but peace having been concluded between the two brothers, Oittir and the Irish kept Cadwallader prisoner until he would pay the two thousand marks had promised for their ser vices, and lieu compelled him deliver two thousand head
cattle; but prince Owen attacked the Danish forces, slew great number them, and recovered the cattle, and the remnant
appears the Danes restored
have been one the earls Orkneys. D. , 1127, Dublin carried off the shrine St. Columkille, but its own church month afterwards. A. D.
1130, the precious relics and valuable articles Clonmacnois were found with the Danes Limerick, after they had been carried off
Dane named Giolla Comghain, who was hanged O'Brien, king Munster.
Battle Fennor, &c. —In A. D. 1133, Donogh O'Carroll, prince
Oirgiall, with great force the men Louth and Farney, marched into Fingall, and defeated the Danes with great slaughter
Fionnabhair, and amongst the slain were Reginald, the son Paul, and many other chiefs. This battle was fought Fennor,
Meath, near the Boyne, about mile two south Slane. 1133, Conor O’Melaghlin, son the king Meath, was
slain battle by Donogh Mac Giollamocholmoge, heir presump tive the kingdom Leinster, and the Danes Dublin, but Giollamocholmoge was slain month after the men Meath, and they burned the stone church Lusk, full people and valuable articles, revenged the Fingallians for the death O'Melaghlin; and Murrogh O’Melaghlin, king Meath, avengethe loss his son, laid waste Fingall andeastern Leinster.
Battles Dublin. —About 1135, Murogh Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, had great contentions with the Danes Dublin, over whom assumed authority, and having exercised great tyranny them, and exacted large tributes, they, re venge,according Camden and others, sent for Godred, king Mann and the Islands, rule over them, and he having arrived with his fleet, they received him with great joy, and appointed him king. Mac Murrogh collected his forces, encamped his chief town, Cortchelis (probably Carlow), and detached three thou sand his cavalry, under command his uterine brother, O'Sib len, who was prince Offaly, Dublin, against Godred they fought furious battle, which the Irish were defeated, and O'Siblen himself, with great number his forces, were slain. These circumstances are mentioned the Chronicle Mann, but their chronology not correct, and they confound Mac Murrogh, king Leinster, with Murtogh O'Brien, king Munster. This Godred was son Aulaf, and grandson Godred Crovan, who had been king Dublin and the Isle Mann, before men tioned. Godred II. did not long remain king Dublin, but re turned the Isle Mann; was married Finguala, daughter
Murtogh MacLoughlin, king Ulster, and died 1189, and was buried Iona; his daughter, Afreca, was married John
the Danes returned Dublin. Gray, one poem from the Welsh this subject:
“Owen's praise demands my song, Owen swift, and Owen strong
Fairest flower Roderick's stem, Gwyneth's shield and Britain's gem. Big with hosts mighty name, Squadrons three against him came, This the force Erin hiding,
Side by side, proudly riding,
On her shadow, long and gay, Lochlin plows the watery way; There the Norman sails afar
Catch the winds and join the war; Black and huge along they sweep, Burthens the angry deep. Dauntless on his native sands
The Dragon-Son Mona stands; glittering arms and glory drest,
his Odes, gives
Courcy, earl Ulster. According
Stanihurst, and Grace, the Danes
apparently reconciled Mac Murrogh
invited him banquet, they treacherously slew him, about
1140, and, contempt, buried his body along with that dog; his son, Dermod Mac Murrogh, many years after, avenged
his death the Danes, and conjunction with his Anglo-Nor man allies, under Strongbow, &c. , took from the Danes the city Dublin. About this time, according Hanmer, there was famous warrior named Harold, who was brought amongst the Danes Ireland, and was supposed son Magnus, king Norway; collected great forces, went Norway, and the Norwegians made him their king, but was soon after slain.
Battle Waterford. —In 1137, Dermod Mac Mur rogh, king Leinster, Conor O'Brien, prince the Dalcassians, together with the Danes Dublin and Wexford, brought their
forces sea, with fleet 200 ships, and attacked and took Waterford, and they carried off the hostages Donogh Mac Car
the battle's roar.
the Chronicles Hanmer, Dublin afterwards became their king, and having
High rears his ruby crest.
There the thundering strokes begin, There the press, and there the din; Talymalfra's rocky shore
Echoing
Where his glowing eye-balls turn, Thousand banners round him burn; Where points his purple spear, Hasty, hasty, Rout there, Marking with indignant eye,
Fear stop, and shame fly. There Confusion, Terror's child, Conflict fierce, and Ruin wild, Agony, that pants for breath, Despair, and honorable death. ”
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536 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1583. -
The bishop of Kerry (James Fitz Maurice, full of wisdom; his origin was of the Clan Peirce, bishop of Ardfert), died, namely, James the son of viz. , the tribe of Raymond (Raymond le Gros), the
Richard, son of John, and that bishop was a vessel
In A. D. 1149 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the DanesofDublin,laidwasteDuleek,andslewDermod,sonofMa nus O'Loghlin, tanist of Aileach, and his body was buried in Armagh. In the same year Donogh O'Carroll, prince of Oirgiall, and O'Loghlin, prince of Aileach, marched their forces to Dublin, and Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, came to their camp, and a peace was established between the Danes and Irish. In A. D. 1150 Torlogh O'Brien, king of Munster, marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes came to his camp, and made their submission to him
son of William (Fitzgerald), son of Gerald, and
king of Ireland ever had been before; and he presented the Danes withfourthousandoarema,sarewardfortheirserviceandsub mission to him; the Danes, on that occasion, proceeded with their forces, along with king Roderick, as far as Drogheda, where Donogh O'Carroll and the chiefs of Oirgiall came to his camp, and gave him hostages. In the same year, Tiarnau O'Rourke, with the men of Brefney, and Dermod O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, with the men of Meath, the Danes of Dublin, and some of the La genians, marched to Hy Kinsellagh, and they expelled Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, beyond the sea, and destroyed
Battle at sea on the Coast of Ulster. —In A. D. 1154, Torlogh
O'Conor, king of Connaught, with a great fleet and powerful
forces, sailed along the coasts of Connaught to Ulster, and laid
waste Tirconnell and Inisowen; but the people of Tirconnell and
Tyrone collected their forces under Murtogh O'Loghlin, prince of
Aileach, and hired a Danish fleet from Arrann, Cantyre, the He Reginald, the son of Reginald, lord of the Danes of Dublin, came
brides, and Isle of Mann, under the command of Mac Scelling, their Admiral, and when they arrived at Inisowen a fierce naval battle was fought between them, which continued from daylight till noon, and a great number of the Conacians were slain, together
with one thousand horsemen. In A. D. 1169, Dermod O’Melagh lin, king of Meath, of Offaly, of Offelan, and of the Danes of Dublin, was slain by Donal O'Melaghlin, and the men of Bregia.
English Invasion. —Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, in consequenceof his abduction of Dervorgilla, daughter of Mur victory was ultimately gained over the foreign fleet, and an im togh O'Melaghlin, king of Meath, and wife of Tiarnan O’Rourke,
with their chief commander, Cosmamhach O'Dowd, but a great
mense number of their forces were slain, and their ships taken; Mac Scelling's teeth were all drawn, as a punishment for his having lost the battle. In the same year Murtogh O'Loghlin marched with his forces to Dublin, and the Danes submitted to him as their king, on which he presented them with 1200 cows, as a reward for their services.
In A. D. 1156 Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, and the Danes of Dublin, and Donogh O'Melaghlin, with their united forces, laid waste Meath, and took away great spoils and preys of cattle from Ardbraceam, Slane, Tailten, Donoghpatrick, &c. ; and in the same year a victory was gained in Cuasan, at Lios Luighidh
in Hy Laoghaire in Meath, against Tiarnan O'Rourke and the men of Brefney, by Dermod Mac Murrogh, king of Leinster, assisted by the Danes of Dublin and the men of Meath, under Donogh O'Melaghlin, and great numbers of the Brefnians and of their chiefs | were slain. . In A. D. 1157, Murtogh O'Loghlin, king of Ulster, marched with his forces to Leinster, to Desmond, and to Tho mond, and compelled their kings and princes to give him hostages and tribute, and having reduced the Dalcassians to subjection, he
prince of Brefney, and his having committed various other acts of violence, was attacked by the forces of king Roderick O'Conor and of O’Rourke, prince of Brefney, and being defeated, was forced to fly from Ireland, in A. D. 1166; having gone to England, he sought the aid of king Henry II. , and having obtained some forces,
he returned in A.
