In 170 he dates, and
apprehension
of a revolt of all the allies,
was sent, as a legate, with C.
was sent, as a legate, with C.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
v.
time, though the title of Augustus continued to be
Caesar), seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar confined to the reigning prince, that of Cuesar was
and caesaries are both probably connected with the also granted to the second person in the state and
Sanskrit késa, “hair,” and it is quite in accordance the heir presumptive to the throne.
with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to In the following stemma the connexion of the
an individual from some peculiarity in his personal earlier members of the family is to a considerable
appearance. The second opinion, which seems to extent conjectural. A full account of the lives of
have been the most popular one with the ancient all the Caesars mentioned below is given in Dru-
writers (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 290; Plin. H. N. Imann's Geschichte Roms, vol. iii. 113, &c.
STEMMA CAESARUM.
1. Sex. Julius Caesar, Pr. & c. 208.
2. L. Julius Caesar.
1
3. L. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 183.
4. Sex. Julius Caesar, Trib. Mil. B. C. 181.
5. L. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 166.
6. Sex, Julius Caesar, Cos. B. c. 157.
7. Sex. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 123.
8. L. Julius Caesar, married Popillia.
I
9. L. Julius Caesar, Cos. B. C. 90,
Cens. B. C. 89, married Fulvia.
10. C. Julius Caesar Strabo Vopiscus,
Aed. cur. B, C, 90.
11. L. Julius Caesar,
Cos. B. C. 64.
12. Julia, married
1. M. Antonius,
2. P. Lentulus,
13. L. Julius Caesar,
died B. c. 46.
14. C. Julius Caesar, the grandfather of the dictator,
married Marcia.
15. C. Julius Caesar, Pr. , married
Aurelia.
16. Julia, married
C. Marius.
17. Sex. Julius Caesar,
Cos. B. c. 91.
!
## p. 537 (#557) ############################################
CAESAR.
637
CAESAR.
a
18. C. JULIUS CAESAR,
the dictator, married
1. Cossutia.
2. Cornelia.
3. Pompeia.
19. Julia major,
married
1. L. Pinarius.
2. Q. Pedius.
20. Julia minor,
married M.
Atius Balbus.
4. Calpurnia
21. Julia, married
Cn. Pompeius.
22. Caesarion, a son
by Cleopatra.
23. Sex. Julius Caesar,
Flam. Quirin.
24. Sex. Julius Caesar,
died B. C. 46.
1. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, praetor B. C. 208, tory caused great joy at Rome; and the citizens
obtained the province of Sicily. On his return he laid aside the military cloaks (saga), which they
was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. had assumed at the beginning of the war.
It was
Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other not followed, however, by any important results :
consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, on the contrary, Caesar withdrew from Acerrae
if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the almost immediately afterwards, without having
comitia. (Liv. xxvii. 21, 22, 29. )
relieved the town. Meantime, the other consul,
2. L. Julius CAESAR, grandfather of No. 6, as Rutilius Lupus, had been defeated and slain in
we learn from the Capitoline Fasti.
battle by Vettius Cato; and Caesar himself, while
3. L. JULIUS (CAESAR), probably son of No. 2, marching to Acerrae to make another attempt to
praetor B. c. 183, had the province of Gallia Cis raise the siege of the town, was defeated with
alpina, and was commanded to prevent the Trans great loss by Marius Egnatius. (Appian, B. C. i.
alpine Gauls, who had come into Italy, from build-40-42, 45; Vell. Pat. ii. 15; Liv. Epit. 73;
ing the town of Aquileia, which they had com- Plin. H. N. ii. 29. s. 30; Obsequ. c. 115; Cic. de
menced. (Liv. xxxix. 45. )
Div. i. 2, pro Font. 15, pro Planc. 21; Flor. iii.
4. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, probably son of No. 2, 18. & 12; Oros. v. 18. )
tribune of the soldiers, B. C. 181, in the army of These disasters, the fear of a war with Mithri-
the proconsul L. Aemilius Paullus.
In 170 he dates, and apprehension of a revolt of all the allies,
was sent, as a legate, with C. Sempronius Blaesus induced Caesar to bring forward a law for granting
to restore Abdera to liberty. (Liv. xl. 27, xliii. 4. ) the citizenship to the Latins and the allies which
5. L. JULIUS (CAESAR), probably son of No. 3, had remained faithful. (Lex Julia de Civitate. ) It
praetor B. C. 166. (Liv. xlv. 44. )
appears, however, to have contained a provision,
6. Sex. JULIUS Sex. F. L. N. CAESAR, curule giving each allied state the opportunity of accept-
aedile B. c. 165, exhibited, in conjunction with his ing what was offered them; and many preferred
colleague Cn. Cornelius Dolabella, the Hecyra of their original condition as federate states to incur-
Terence at the Megalesian games. (Titul. Hecyr. ring the obligations and responsibilities of Roman
Ter. ) He was consul in 157 with L. Aurelius citizens. (Cic. pro Balb. 8; Vell. Pat. ii. 16;
Orestes. (Plin. H. N. xxxii. 3. 6. 17; Polyb. xxxii. Gell. iv. 4. )
20; Fast. Capit. )
In the following year, B. C. 89, Caesar's com-
7. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, probably son of No. 6, mand was prolonged. He gained a considerable
praetor urbanus in B. c. 123. (Cic. pro Dom. 53; victory over the enemy, and afterwards proceeded
ad Her. ii. 13. )
to besiege Asculum, before which he died of dis-
8. L. Julius CAESAR, son of No. 6, and father ease, according to the statement of Appian. (B. C.
of No. 9 (Fast. Cap. ), married Popillin, who had i. 48. ) This, however, is clearly a mistake : be
been previously married to Q. Catulus.
probably was obliged to leave the army in conse-
9. L. JULIUS L. F. Sex. N. CAESAR, called quence of serious illness, and was succeeded in the
erroneously by Appian, Sex. Julius Caesar, son of command by C. Baebius. He was censor in the
No. 8, was consul, B. c. 90, with P. Rutilius Lupus, same year with P. Licinius Crassus (Cic. pro Arch.
when the Social war broke out. His legates in 5; Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. s. 5, xiv. 14. s. 16; Festus,
this war were Sulla Crassus, P. Lentulus, T. Di- s. v. Referri), and was engaged in carrying into
dius, and M. Marcellus. He commenced the cam- effect his own law and that of Silvanus and Carbo,
paign by attacking the Samnites, but was defeated passed in this year, for conferring the citizenship
by their general, Vettius Cato, and fled to Aeser- upon some of the other Italian allies. These citi-
nia, which still remained faithful to the Romans. zens were enrolled in eight or ten new tribes, which
Having, however, received a reinforcement of Gal- were to vote after the thirty-five old ones. (Ap-
lic and Numidian auxiliaries, he was soon able to pian, B. C. i. 49; Vell. Pat. ii. 20. )
face the enemy again, and pitched his camp near On the breaking out of the civil war in B. c. 87,
Acerrae in Campania, which was besieged by the L. Caesar and his brother Caius, who were opposed
enemy. Here a great number of the Numidians to Marius and Cinna, were killed by Fimbria.
deserted, and Caesar, suspecting the fidelity of the (Appian, B. C. i. 72; Flor. iii. 21. § 14; Ascon.
remainder, sent them back to Africa. Encouraged in Scaur. p. 24, ed. Orelli; Val. Max. ix. 2. $ 2; Cic.
by this defection, Papius Motulus, the general of de Orat. iii. 3, Tuscul. v. 19. )
the enemy, proceeded to attack Caesar's camp, but 10. C. Julius L. F. Sex. N. CAESAR STRABO
was repulsed with a loss of 6000 men. This vic- | Vopiscus (comp. Cic. Phil. xi. 5; Varro, R. R. i.
## p. 538 (#558) ############################################
638
CAESAR
CAESAR
ܪ
7. $ 10; Plin. H. N. xvii. 3. 8. 4), son of No. 8, 1 ing out of the civil war in 49, when he accompanied
and brother of No. 9. lle commenced his public C. Caesar into Italy. He took, however, no active
career in B. C. 103, when still young, by accusing part in the war; but it would appear that he de
T. Albucius, who had been praetor in Sicily, of serted the aristocracy, for he continued to live at
extortion (repetundac) in that province : Cn. Pom-Rome, which was in the dictator's power, and he
peius Strabo, who had been quaestor to Albu- was even entrusted with the care of the city in 47
cius, wished to conduct the prosecution, but was by his nephew M. Antony, who was obliged to
obliged to give way to Caesar. Albucius was con- leave Rome to quell the revolt of the legions in
demned, and the speech which Caesar delivered on Iuly. L. Caesar, however, was now advanced in
this occasion was much admired, and was after years, and did not possess sufficient energy to keep
wards closely imitated by his great namesake, the the turbulent spirits at Rome in order : hence
dictator, in the speech which he delivered upon much confusion and contention arose during Anta-
the appointment of an accuser against Dolabeila. ny's absence.
(Suet. Cues. 55. ) He was curule aedile in B. c. 90 After the death of the dictator in 44, L. Caesar
in the consulship of his brother, and not in the preserved neutrality as far as possible, though he
following year, as some modern writers state ; for rather favoured the party of the conspirators than
we are told, that he was aedile in the tribuneship that of Antony. He retired from Rome soon after
of C. Curio, which we know was in the year 90. this event, and spent some time at Neapolis, where
In B. C. 88 he became a candidate for the consul- Cicero saw him, at the beginning of May, dange-
ship, without having been praetor, and was strongly rously ill. From Neapolis he went to Aricia, and
supported by the aristocracy, and as strongly op- from thence returned to Rome in September, but
posed by the popular party. This contest was, did not take his seat in the senate, either on ac-
indeed, as Asconius states, one of the immediate count, or under the plea, of ill-health. L. Caesar
causes of the civil war. The tribunes of the plebs, had expressed to Cicero at Neapolis his approba-
P. Sulpicius and P.
Caesar), seems to come nearest the truth. Caesar confined to the reigning prince, that of Cuesar was
and caesaries are both probably connected with the also granted to the second person in the state and
Sanskrit késa, “hair,” and it is quite in accordance the heir presumptive to the throne.
with the Roman custom for a surname to be given to In the following stemma the connexion of the
an individual from some peculiarity in his personal earlier members of the family is to a considerable
appearance. The second opinion, which seems to extent conjectural. A full account of the lives of
have been the most popular one with the ancient all the Caesars mentioned below is given in Dru-
writers (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 290; Plin. H. N. Imann's Geschichte Roms, vol. iii. 113, &c.
STEMMA CAESARUM.
1. Sex. Julius Caesar, Pr. & c. 208.
2. L. Julius Caesar.
1
3. L. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 183.
4. Sex. Julius Caesar, Trib. Mil. B. C. 181.
5. L. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 166.
6. Sex, Julius Caesar, Cos. B. c. 157.
7. Sex. Julius Caesar, Pr. B. c. 123.
8. L. Julius Caesar, married Popillia.
I
9. L. Julius Caesar, Cos. B. C. 90,
Cens. B. C. 89, married Fulvia.
10. C. Julius Caesar Strabo Vopiscus,
Aed. cur. B, C, 90.
11. L. Julius Caesar,
Cos. B. C. 64.
12. Julia, married
1. M. Antonius,
2. P. Lentulus,
13. L. Julius Caesar,
died B. c. 46.
14. C. Julius Caesar, the grandfather of the dictator,
married Marcia.
15. C. Julius Caesar, Pr. , married
Aurelia.
16. Julia, married
C. Marius.
17. Sex. Julius Caesar,
Cos. B. c. 91.
!
## p. 537 (#557) ############################################
CAESAR.
637
CAESAR.
a
18. C. JULIUS CAESAR,
the dictator, married
1. Cossutia.
2. Cornelia.
3. Pompeia.
19. Julia major,
married
1. L. Pinarius.
2. Q. Pedius.
20. Julia minor,
married M.
Atius Balbus.
4. Calpurnia
21. Julia, married
Cn. Pompeius.
22. Caesarion, a son
by Cleopatra.
23. Sex. Julius Caesar,
Flam. Quirin.
24. Sex. Julius Caesar,
died B. C. 46.
1. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, praetor B. C. 208, tory caused great joy at Rome; and the citizens
obtained the province of Sicily. On his return he laid aside the military cloaks (saga), which they
was one of the ambassadors sent to the consul T. had assumed at the beginning of the war.
It was
Quinctius Crispinus, after the death of the other not followed, however, by any important results :
consul, Marcellus, to tell him to name a dictator, on the contrary, Caesar withdrew from Acerrae
if he could not himself come to Rome to hold the almost immediately afterwards, without having
comitia. (Liv. xxvii. 21, 22, 29. )
relieved the town. Meantime, the other consul,
2. L. Julius CAESAR, grandfather of No. 6, as Rutilius Lupus, had been defeated and slain in
we learn from the Capitoline Fasti.
battle by Vettius Cato; and Caesar himself, while
3. L. JULIUS (CAESAR), probably son of No. 2, marching to Acerrae to make another attempt to
praetor B. c. 183, had the province of Gallia Cis raise the siege of the town, was defeated with
alpina, and was commanded to prevent the Trans great loss by Marius Egnatius. (Appian, B. C. i.
alpine Gauls, who had come into Italy, from build-40-42, 45; Vell. Pat. ii. 15; Liv. Epit. 73;
ing the town of Aquileia, which they had com- Plin. H. N. ii. 29. s. 30; Obsequ. c. 115; Cic. de
menced. (Liv. xxxix. 45. )
Div. i. 2, pro Font. 15, pro Planc. 21; Flor. iii.
4. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, probably son of No. 2, 18. & 12; Oros. v. 18. )
tribune of the soldiers, B. C. 181, in the army of These disasters, the fear of a war with Mithri-
the proconsul L. Aemilius Paullus.
In 170 he dates, and apprehension of a revolt of all the allies,
was sent, as a legate, with C. Sempronius Blaesus induced Caesar to bring forward a law for granting
to restore Abdera to liberty. (Liv. xl. 27, xliii. 4. ) the citizenship to the Latins and the allies which
5. L. JULIUS (CAESAR), probably son of No. 3, had remained faithful. (Lex Julia de Civitate. ) It
praetor B. C. 166. (Liv. xlv. 44. )
appears, however, to have contained a provision,
6. Sex. JULIUS Sex. F. L. N. CAESAR, curule giving each allied state the opportunity of accept-
aedile B. c. 165, exhibited, in conjunction with his ing what was offered them; and many preferred
colleague Cn. Cornelius Dolabella, the Hecyra of their original condition as federate states to incur-
Terence at the Megalesian games. (Titul. Hecyr. ring the obligations and responsibilities of Roman
Ter. ) He was consul in 157 with L. Aurelius citizens. (Cic. pro Balb. 8; Vell. Pat. ii. 16;
Orestes. (Plin. H. N. xxxii. 3. 6. 17; Polyb. xxxii. Gell. iv. 4. )
20; Fast. Capit. )
In the following year, B. C. 89, Caesar's com-
7. Sex. JULIUS CAESAR, probably son of No. 6, mand was prolonged. He gained a considerable
praetor urbanus in B. c. 123. (Cic. pro Dom. 53; victory over the enemy, and afterwards proceeded
ad Her. ii. 13. )
to besiege Asculum, before which he died of dis-
8. L. Julius CAESAR, son of No. 6, and father ease, according to the statement of Appian. (B. C.
of No. 9 (Fast. Cap. ), married Popillin, who had i. 48. ) This, however, is clearly a mistake : be
been previously married to Q. Catulus.
probably was obliged to leave the army in conse-
9. L. JULIUS L. F. Sex. N. CAESAR, called quence of serious illness, and was succeeded in the
erroneously by Appian, Sex. Julius Caesar, son of command by C. Baebius. He was censor in the
No. 8, was consul, B. c. 90, with P. Rutilius Lupus, same year with P. Licinius Crassus (Cic. pro Arch.
when the Social war broke out. His legates in 5; Plin. H. N. xiii. 3. s. 5, xiv. 14. s. 16; Festus,
this war were Sulla Crassus, P. Lentulus, T. Di- s. v. Referri), and was engaged in carrying into
dius, and M. Marcellus. He commenced the cam- effect his own law and that of Silvanus and Carbo,
paign by attacking the Samnites, but was defeated passed in this year, for conferring the citizenship
by their general, Vettius Cato, and fled to Aeser- upon some of the other Italian allies. These citi-
nia, which still remained faithful to the Romans. zens were enrolled in eight or ten new tribes, which
Having, however, received a reinforcement of Gal- were to vote after the thirty-five old ones. (Ap-
lic and Numidian auxiliaries, he was soon able to pian, B. C. i. 49; Vell. Pat. ii. 20. )
face the enemy again, and pitched his camp near On the breaking out of the civil war in B. c. 87,
Acerrae in Campania, which was besieged by the L. Caesar and his brother Caius, who were opposed
enemy. Here a great number of the Numidians to Marius and Cinna, were killed by Fimbria.
deserted, and Caesar, suspecting the fidelity of the (Appian, B. C. i. 72; Flor. iii. 21. § 14; Ascon.
remainder, sent them back to Africa. Encouraged in Scaur. p. 24, ed. Orelli; Val. Max. ix. 2. $ 2; Cic.
by this defection, Papius Motulus, the general of de Orat. iii. 3, Tuscul. v. 19. )
the enemy, proceeded to attack Caesar's camp, but 10. C. Julius L. F. Sex. N. CAESAR STRABO
was repulsed with a loss of 6000 men. This vic- | Vopiscus (comp. Cic. Phil. xi. 5; Varro, R. R. i.
## p. 538 (#558) ############################################
638
CAESAR
CAESAR
ܪ
7. $ 10; Plin. H. N. xvii. 3. 8. 4), son of No. 8, 1 ing out of the civil war in 49, when he accompanied
and brother of No. 9. lle commenced his public C. Caesar into Italy. He took, however, no active
career in B. C. 103, when still young, by accusing part in the war; but it would appear that he de
T. Albucius, who had been praetor in Sicily, of serted the aristocracy, for he continued to live at
extortion (repetundac) in that province : Cn. Pom-Rome, which was in the dictator's power, and he
peius Strabo, who had been quaestor to Albu- was even entrusted with the care of the city in 47
cius, wished to conduct the prosecution, but was by his nephew M. Antony, who was obliged to
obliged to give way to Caesar. Albucius was con- leave Rome to quell the revolt of the legions in
demned, and the speech which Caesar delivered on Iuly. L. Caesar, however, was now advanced in
this occasion was much admired, and was after years, and did not possess sufficient energy to keep
wards closely imitated by his great namesake, the the turbulent spirits at Rome in order : hence
dictator, in the speech which he delivered upon much confusion and contention arose during Anta-
the appointment of an accuser against Dolabeila. ny's absence.
(Suet. Cues. 55. ) He was curule aedile in B. c. 90 After the death of the dictator in 44, L. Caesar
in the consulship of his brother, and not in the preserved neutrality as far as possible, though he
following year, as some modern writers state ; for rather favoured the party of the conspirators than
we are told, that he was aedile in the tribuneship that of Antony. He retired from Rome soon after
of C. Curio, which we know was in the year 90. this event, and spent some time at Neapolis, where
In B. C. 88 he became a candidate for the consul- Cicero saw him, at the beginning of May, dange-
ship, without having been praetor, and was strongly rously ill. From Neapolis he went to Aricia, and
supported by the aristocracy, and as strongly op- from thence returned to Rome in September, but
posed by the popular party. This contest was, did not take his seat in the senate, either on ac-
indeed, as Asconius states, one of the immediate count, or under the plea, of ill-health. L. Caesar
causes of the civil war. The tribunes of the plebs, had expressed to Cicero at Neapolis his approba-
P. Sulpicius and P.
