325
Irish Archaeological Society.
Irish Archaeological Society.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v2
In 1 3 16, King Robert Bruce graveyard.
Near this cemetery, the inha- landed in Ireland with a great army to assist
his brother Edward, and with united forces the garrison of Carrickfergus, after a brave
and protracted defence, was compelled to surrender. Robert Bruce, accompanied by a large army of Scots and Irish, advanced to Dublin, where he arrived about the close
bitants point out a spot, where Bruce's horse was buried, and it is said, the bones of this animal were even discovered, on digging for them.
="93 The Rev. Dr. Drummo—nd's Poem,— ofnospecialmerit,however, andintituled,
"
Bruce's Invasion of Ireland," describes the progress of the Scottish leader, and his zens were in a state of consternation, but final defeat. An idea of its measure and
of February, 1317. The Anglo-Irish deni-
lost no time in making energetic preparations
style may be gleaned from the following
for defence
.
The
and Irish lines, to the —of Irish English appear relating mustering
to have been almost equally demoralized
and disorganized, during the progress of
these transactions. The suburbs of Dublin were burnt down by the citizens, to prevent their invaders from finding there a shelter on approaching. Richard, Earl of Ulster, now advanced in years, was arrested on suspicion of having favoured the cause of Bruce, whilst DeLacy joined his forces with the Scots and Irish. King Robert Bruce, however, on finding the metropolis so strongly fortified and so resolutely defended by its Anglo-Irish garrison, deemed it a useless waste of time and valour to attempt
desolated country, disconcerted his plans. Although the English mustered a force of
chiefs and tribes to his standard
its reduction the slow by
" With these comes well-versed O'Mailey,
in sea-wiles.
The lord of Craig-Uile, a prince of the isles ;
Of th' Arrans, where health-wafting gales ever blow.
And Bovin, with fat lowing herds, white as snow.
of a Conducting his army southwards through Kildare, Kilkenny, Tipperary and Limerick, he burned and plundered the English foun- dations, civil and ecclesiastical, wherever he passed. Famine, pressing sorely on this
process
siege.
force, which had marched from Dublin.
See the Author's "Catechism of Irish His-
tory," lesson XV. , pp. 153 to 158.
^9^ Some written accounts state, that Ed-
ward Bruce's body had been divided into
quarters, and had been sent for exhibition "
tory of Ireland," vol. iii,, chap, xxxvi. , p. 71. This, however, does not appear to be
confirmed on any good authority, and the local tradition is probably correct, that the headless body had been buried in Foughart
*'
:
Blood-royal O'Connor his infantry guides From regions beyond where the broad
Shannon glides ;
Great monarch of streams, that from up-
land and dell.
And a thousand steep mountains, his wide
current swell ;
By cities, lakes, forests, and fields rich
withgrain.
Sweeping on with his sail-covered tidfes
to the main. "
3«> LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [February i. 4
battle, which he fought on the 14th of October, a. d. 1318,294 at Foiighart. ^^s Many of his chieftains and soldiers, Irish and Scots, fell in this short but
decisive conflict. =^96 Although during the course of three years,^^? pending which he waged war in Ireland, Edward Bruce had encountered the English armies in eighteen successive and victorious battles,^^^ their great numerical superiority at the battle of Foughart caused victory to favour the arms of England from the very first onset. 299 From the south-west corner of the church, and removed about four yards, the grave of Edward Bruce is shown. 3°° The authentication, however, is only sustained by a popular tradition. About the middle of the last century, St. Brigid's Stone, having a raised work about it in the form of a horse-shoe, was to be seen at Foughart. 3°' In the middle was a rough rocky flint, on which with bared knees penitents were accustomed to kneel. Raised upon two circular and concentric steps
was elevated St.
Brigid's pillar.
wthin the graveyard. 3°3 These are singularly suggestive of having been the base of a round tower. The burial-ground is well enclosed with a fine fence and a quick-set hedge of grown hawthorns. It rises high over the
adjacent fields. North-west of the old church, and within the graveyard enclosure, is shown " St. Brigid's Well. "304 It was dried up,3°5 when visited
**
As birds to the prey that come rushing from far.
They speed to enjoy the grand pastime of
war
Proud Flaiths on whose helmets gemmed
coronets shine
Proud Tanists with baldrics enriched by
the mine. "
And a thousand green islets, with foam girdled bright,
Like gems chased in silver, and glistening
=9^ Relative to the issue of this battle, we are told in "The Brus," writ be Master Johne Barbour : —
" And tha that at the fichting wer Socht Schir Eduard to get his hed Emang the folk that thar was ded. "
—
423. Aberdeen, 1856, 4to.
=97 An interesting account of this Irish
expedition of the Bruces is given in Sir Da-
"
in
light. "
;
Sec. 11. cxxxii. ,
Spald-
;
volume, at Dublin, in 1826.
'94 According to John Fordun's "Scoti-
chronicon," vol. ii. , lib. xii. , cap. xxxvii. , p. 271, Walter Goodall's Edition.
burgh, A. D. 1776, 1779, 4to.
=98 See Barbour's "Bruce," book xii.
"
History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxxvi. , p. 70.
3°^ the circular stones are now noticeable Only
Annals of This Poem was issued in a small i2mo Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 60 to 82. Edin-
=^5 Authors differ greatly in their account
both of the numbers engaged, and of those
who fell. Barbour, whose object it was to
pay all possible honour to the valour of his
countrymen, says that Bnice's army con- the east side. It was said to have been
tained about 2,000 men, not including his Irish auxiliaries ; and that they were oppo-
sed by the overwhelming multitude of 40,000. Bruce, at his landing, had 6,000 men, and he afterwards received reinforcements from Scotland. Now, though he sustained some loss from the sword, famine, and other c^ualties of war, it is scarcely credible that
covered by notches, one of which was then visible.
3°' This object seems to have disappeared.
3°^ Thomas Wright informs us, that the nuns of the convent used to go upon their knees on particular occasions ; sometimes around the lesser and sometimes around the larger circles, as their penitence required. See " Louthiana," book iii. , p. 19.
3°3 Views of all the curious ob- foregoing
jects are preserved for us in Plate xx. , book
his forces were reduced to one-third.
Irish annals his numbers at compute
The
3,000 ; but Ware says that 8,274 fell in the field,
" while in Louthiana,"
andthat were they
iii. , of Wright's
opposed by only 1,324
men-at-arms. Walsingham states the num- addition there is a ground plan of St.
ber of the slain to be 5,800, besides 29 barons and knights. The Anglo-Irish army is not said to have sustained any loss beside that of Maupus. See " Bruce's Invasion of Ire- land," note viii. , pp. 113, 114.
Brigid's quadrangular church in the grave- yard.
3°* In Irish CobA^ 1if^$t>e.
3°5 This, we were told, was the result of some previous desecration.
200 to 202. The
ing Club Edition, edited by C. Innes, p.
vid Dalrymple's (Lord Hailes')
'99 See Thomas Moore's
3°° In 1836, his tomb was pointed out on the west end of the grave ; the remainder being concealed in the ground. Then it lay nearly horizontal, but sinking slightly to
February i,
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS
Jt
by the writer,3°6 but a pyramidical structure of stone and mortar, over a
square aperture, remain- ed. 3°7 It is on a slopin-^
of the burial- ground, and surrounded
by thickly-matted thorn bushes.
In the Parish of Foughart, there are five remarkable Moats. Three3°8 of these are on the townland of Upper Faughart; anotherMoat is in Lower Faughart,3°9 while one is onRoskeagh townland. 3^°
All writers are agreed,
that St. Brigid's birth
cannot be very distantly removed from the mid- dle of the fifth century. But authorities differ as totheexactdate. Some writers—as for instance the Bollandists3"—place it so early as the year
436 or 437. 3" The "" Annals of Dublin
and the "Annals of
Ross,3^3 with Friar John Clynn3H and Dr. Mere-
3°6 In May, 1874.
3°7 The accompanying illustration was
drawn on the spot by V. George Du Noyer, and transferred to wood from his sketches
in the R. I, A; by Gregor Grey, of Dublin, who also engraved it.
3<^ One is called m6cA ^aSa^c ; another is denominated moCA aw c-'peAti •otiine ; while the other has no distinguishing name.
3°9 This is called flAc ]"AileA6,
s^° This is styled mocA Uac fjeAfi. See "Louth Letters, containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1835-1836," vol. i. , p. 294.
3" Tillemont properly remarks, they had no sufficient grounds for their statements or
part
conjectures. These they were obliged to death to 506 or 517. " See Dr. Lanigan's
adopt, because they supposed St. Brigid had interviews with St. Patrick, and that he had requested her to weave a shroud for him.
"
312
ing St. Patrick's shroud is assigned by
This circumstance of St. Brigid weav-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459.
3^4 See this Tract of his published by the
st. Brigid's Well, Faughart.
Henschenius and Papebrochius, to A. D. 458, to make it accord with their hypothesis regarding St. Patrick's death occurring, as they suppose, in 460. Their predecessor Bollandus, who admitted the circumstance,
relating to friendship existing between St. Patrick and St. Brigid (" Acta Sanctorum, Februarii," torn, i. , i. Februarii), was not obliged to antedate St. Brigid's birth. For, with Ussher, he supposed the former to have lived until the year 493. "Now the successors of Bollandus, when they rejected this date, should have rejected also what has been said about the shroud, &c. , and thus would not have been reduced to assign, in opposition to the best authorities, her birth to the time above mentioned, and her
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. ii. , p. 378, and n. 25, pp. 382, 383, ibid.
3'3 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesi-
32 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February i.
dith Hanmer,3^5 have 439. Another calculation should make her first see the light in 443. 3^^ The " Annals of Roscrea" note this event at a. d. 449. 3^7 A
judicious Irish historian considers, that including a. d. 451 and 458, St. Brigid's birth must have occurred at some time within such era. Following Ussher's
her birth to a. d. ^^^ Dr. 45 3,
to concur. The " Annals of Inisfallen" In the " Annals of Senat Mac Magnus," said to have been compiled by Charles Maguire, authors are cited for assigning the holy Virgin's birth to a. d. 457. 3^' Henry of Marl-
borough brings this event to so late a period as 468. 3'''
According to his computation, St. Brigid was only twelve years of age,
when St. Patrick died, if we adopt Dr. Lanigan's opinion ; and the same writer supposes, our Saint might have been known to the Apostle of Ireland,
at a very early age, in consequence of her singular sanctity having become conspicuous, and as she was derived from an illustrious family. But, it is thought, she could not have become a professed nun at that time, nor have already founded any religious house. 3*3 During St. Patrick's lifetime, according to the most consistent and authentic acts of both Saints, the same historian remarks, that Brigid is not represented as having been a consecrated Virgin. However minute, in all matters relating to St. Patrick, his Tripartite Life only mentions St. Brigid on one occasion. 3^4 There it is related, that, when Hstening, together with a vast number of people, to a sermon of his, she fell asleep and had a vision relative to the then state of the Irish Church and to its future vicissitudes, as expounded by St. Patrick. He, knowing that she had a vision, desired her, after she awoke, to tell what she saw.
The Saint replied, that at first she beheld a herd of white oxen amidst white crops, then spotted ones of various colours, after which appeared black and dark-coloured oxen. These were succeeded by sheep and swine, wolves
computation, affixing
The " Annals of Cambria"3i9 date it at a. d. 454.
Lanigan appears
give A. D. 456 in the opinion of some writers. s^Q
and dogs jarring with each other.
325
Irish Archaeological Society. "Quadrin-
There appears to be no good reason
3" So states Ussher in " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459. However, in Henry Marleburrough's "Chronicle of Ireland," as published by the Hibemia Press Company, 4to, in 1809, we find no such notice, and there his Chronicle commences with A. D. 1 285, ending with A. D. 1421.
3^3 <' The lowest age, which I find to have been allowed in those times in any part of the Church for taking the veil, was that of 16 or 17 years. (St. Basil, Ep. Canonica, can. 18. ) The African 'Canons fixed it at 25 ; and this regulation became very general in the Western Church. Yet even in the countries where it was received, it might have been dispensed witli in certain cases.
— torn, ii. , (See Gilbert, Corp. J. Can. , p.
gentes—imo 39°. Nascitur beata virgo Bri- "
gida. " Annales Hiberniee," p. 4.
"
Other writers assume the same date, as in
3'S In his
Chronicle of Ireland," p. 89.
"Vetusto libro Chromelliae," quoted by "
Ussher. See Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459.
S"** Colgan remarks, that according to an
opinion, not improbable, St. Brigid lived to be eighty years. Hence, as it is very generally supposed, she died on February 1st, A. D. 523, her birth must naturally be referred to A. D. 443. See "Trias Thau- maturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidaj, cap. ix. , p. 620.
3'7 See ibid,
3*8 See "Index CCCCLiii. , p. 520.
Chronologicus,"
at A. D.
3*9 The "Annales Cambrige," supposed by the editor, Rev. John Williams ab Ithel,
n. 27, p. 383.
to be
aflfairs extant, places her birth at A. D. 454. See Preface, p. ix. and p. 3.
3=-^ See "Trias Colgan's
perhaps
the oldest chronicle of Welsh
Thaumaturga," SeptimaVitaS. Patricii,lib. iii. , cap. iv. ,
320 See "Annales
tomus ii. Dr. O'Conor's "Return Hibemi- carum Scriptores. "
3" See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidse, cap. U. , p. 620.
pp. 149, 150.
3=5 See also or Sexta Vita S. Jocelyn's,
Patricii, cap. xciv. , xcv. , Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," pp. 86, 87. Dr. Lanigan adds :— " In this narrative there is nothing
repugnant to the ways of the Almighty, who has been often pleased to impart to
Inisfalenses," p. 3,
"Ecclesiastical His- tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. ii,
410). "
Dr. Lanigan's
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 33
for admitting, that during the illustrious Apostle's life-time, St. Brigid had
been abbess of a monastery, nor concerning her having woven that shroud, in which St. Patrick's body was enveloped after death, and at his own parti-
cular request. 326 Still more, it nmst be observed, that neither Cogitosus, nor the author of the first or of the fifth Life, has a single word about it.
What is very remarkable, moreover, these never once mention St. Patrick, notwithstanding the care, with which they collected whatever could redound
to the honour of St. Brigid. Had she enjoyed those frequent interviews, or kept up a correspondence with St. Patrick, or attended him at his death, it is scarcely possible, that those writers, who are evidently her most ancient biographers, should have been quite silent on such material points.
From her very childhood, we are told, she had been accustomed to an
excellent course of instruction ; and, as she grew up, this holy maiden pre-
sentedeachdaysomefreshproofofreligiousdecorumandmodesty. In
allthings,sheconformedtotheinspirationsofDivineGrace. Herveryname
seemed pre-ordained to indicate her future spiritual state. 3^7 The story is
told of her, that when she was a mere child, playing at holy things, she got
a smooth slab of stone which she tried to set up as a little altar ; then a
beautiful angel joined in her play, and made wooden legs to the altar, and
bored four holes in the stone, into which the legs might be driven, so as to
make it stand. ^^^ Such legends as these—although inexactly preserved— usually attest a life of virtue, from the cradle to the grave.
CHAPTER II.
THE SCOTCH CLAIM TO ST. BRIGID'S BIRTH EXAMINED—PROBABLE ORIGIN OF THIS ERROR—REFUTATION—EARLY AND SUPERNATURAL INDICATIONS OF BRIGID's SANCTITY—HER SPIRIT OF PROPHECY MANIFESTED—HER INFANTILE VIRTUES— HER PROBABLE ACQUAINTANCE WITH ST. PATRICK DURING CHILDHOOD—HER RE- SOLUTION TO LIVE A VIRGIN—HER CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPARISON TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY BY THE IRISH.
It must appear strange, at the present day, to understand, that some of the mediaeval Scotch chroniclers and historians reputed St. Brigid to have been a native of modern Scotland. This idea probably arose from the fact, that ancient writers of her Acts stated her having been born, her having lived, and
little ones secrets and gifts, which He with-
held from the learned and wise of this world.
It was thus that while the chief priests and
scribes remained in their infidelity, the chil-
dren cried out, Hosanna to the Son ofDavid,
through a Divine impulse, as appears from
our Saviour's answer to those wiseacres;
Enfans celebres, what may we not expect from the omnipotence of God in the order
—
of grace? "
land," vol. i. , chap, viii. , n. 28, pp. 383, 384.
3=^ This circumstance is mentioned, in the
Tertia Vita S. Brigidae, cap. Ix. , p. 534;
* And said to him hearest thou what in the Vita S.
lib.
these say? Jesus replied; Yes: have you xxx. , p. 554; and in the Sexta Vita S.
they ; Quarta
Brigidoe,
ii. , cap.
never read, that out of the mouth of injants Brigidse, sec. xlvi. , p. 592.
and sucking babes thou hast perfectedpraise ? ' 327 So Laurence of Durham appears to Matt. xxi. 16. St. Brigid might have been think ; while Colgan remarks, that Brigh, at that time ten or eleven years old, an age meaning "virtue," is likely to have been fully sufficient to render her in the hands of the original Irish source for the name Brigida God, an instrument fit for displaying the or Brigid. See "Trias Thaumaturga,** wonderful effects of His grace and His know-
ledge of all things. If in what is called the
order of nature we find so many children of
extraordinary precocity in learning, so many Vol. II.
3="^ See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of the Saints," vol. ii. , February i, p. 17.
*' Ecclesiastical of Ire- History
Quinta Vita S. Brigidse, cap. viii. , and n. 10, pp. 569, 640.
D
34 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS, [February i. I
her having died in Scotia. Yet by such term, those do not refer to any other country,exceptourownisland. AmongScottishauthors,whoclaimourillus-
trious patroness as their countrywoman, may be specially mentioned John Major''andHectorBoece. * BothCamerarius^andDempster*assert,thatshe wasborn,andthatshedied,inAlbaniaorBritishScotia. Ithasbeengenerally advanced by old writers, that she was of Scottish race. Thus, George Gam- feld,5 or Garnefelt, Antonio Possevino,^ Raphael Volaterranus,^ Sigebert Gem- blacensis^andMarianus^write. ThatSt. BrigidwasborninScotiaisanopinion formed by Antonius Sabellicus,^° by Petrus de Natalibus," and by a writer of the general Chronicles of the World. Sigebert tells us, she died in the same country at the year 578, and the Chronicle, entitled, "Rudimentum Novitiorum," has her death at a. d. 520. Her Natalis, indeed, has been ob- servedinScotia,ontheistofFebruary. Thismaybefoundamongnearly all Hagiologists and Martyrologists. It is noted in the Roman Martyrology, and in the Martyrologies of Bede, Usuard, Ado, Viennen. , Rodulphus Rivius, and the Carthusian Martyrology. Galesinus and many other writers, both Irishandforeign,allow,thatoursaintwasanativeofScotia. Yet,although this be admitted, it will not follow, however, that St. Brigid was born in British Scotia, or that her ancestors were natives of that country. On the contrary, evidence is afforded, that the island known as Hibernia, had been called Scotia, by ancient writers of every condition, age, and nation. " We are told, that previous to the eleventh century, no one thought of calling that part of Britain, now known as Scotland, by the name of Scotia. Writers usuallycalleditAlbania. AllwhomentionedScotiatotheperioddesignated understood Scotia as applicable to an island,'3 situated between Britain and Spain. '4 If all other arguments were wanting in support of such a position, various passages, found in the old acts. of St. Brigid, should be sufficient to establish it. For by birth and descent, this holy virgin was evidently a native ofIreland; shediedthere;andshewasparticularlyveneratedinourisland.
Chap, ii. —* See "Historia
to have, "in mendicabulis re-
Bri- tanniae, tarn Anglise, quam Scotiae," lib. ii. , cap. xiv. , p. 85. Edinburgh edition, A. D.
Dempster
pressis Hibernorum," vindicated our St. Brigid's fame for Scotland.
5 See " De Vita Eremitica," p. 223.
1740, 4to. =^
See "Scotorum Historise, a prima gentis origine," &c. , lib. ix.
his brother Edward, and with united forces the garrison of Carrickfergus, after a brave
and protracted defence, was compelled to surrender. Robert Bruce, accompanied by a large army of Scots and Irish, advanced to Dublin, where he arrived about the close
bitants point out a spot, where Bruce's horse was buried, and it is said, the bones of this animal were even discovered, on digging for them.
="93 The Rev. Dr. Drummo—nd's Poem,— ofnospecialmerit,however, andintituled,
"
Bruce's Invasion of Ireland," describes the progress of the Scottish leader, and his zens were in a state of consternation, but final defeat. An idea of its measure and
of February, 1317. The Anglo-Irish deni-
lost no time in making energetic preparations
style may be gleaned from the following
for defence
.
The
and Irish lines, to the —of Irish English appear relating mustering
to have been almost equally demoralized
and disorganized, during the progress of
these transactions. The suburbs of Dublin were burnt down by the citizens, to prevent their invaders from finding there a shelter on approaching. Richard, Earl of Ulster, now advanced in years, was arrested on suspicion of having favoured the cause of Bruce, whilst DeLacy joined his forces with the Scots and Irish. King Robert Bruce, however, on finding the metropolis so strongly fortified and so resolutely defended by its Anglo-Irish garrison, deemed it a useless waste of time and valour to attempt
desolated country, disconcerted his plans. Although the English mustered a force of
chiefs and tribes to his standard
its reduction the slow by
" With these comes well-versed O'Mailey,
in sea-wiles.
The lord of Craig-Uile, a prince of the isles ;
Of th' Arrans, where health-wafting gales ever blow.
And Bovin, with fat lowing herds, white as snow.
of a Conducting his army southwards through Kildare, Kilkenny, Tipperary and Limerick, he burned and plundered the English foun- dations, civil and ecclesiastical, wherever he passed. Famine, pressing sorely on this
process
siege.
force, which had marched from Dublin.
See the Author's "Catechism of Irish His-
tory," lesson XV. , pp. 153 to 158.
^9^ Some written accounts state, that Ed-
ward Bruce's body had been divided into
quarters, and had been sent for exhibition "
tory of Ireland," vol. iii,, chap, xxxvi. , p. 71. This, however, does not appear to be
confirmed on any good authority, and the local tradition is probably correct, that the headless body had been buried in Foughart
*'
:
Blood-royal O'Connor his infantry guides From regions beyond where the broad
Shannon glides ;
Great monarch of streams, that from up-
land and dell.
And a thousand steep mountains, his wide
current swell ;
By cities, lakes, forests, and fields rich
withgrain.
Sweeping on with his sail-covered tidfes
to the main. "
3«> LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS [February i. 4
battle, which he fought on the 14th of October, a. d. 1318,294 at Foiighart. ^^s Many of his chieftains and soldiers, Irish and Scots, fell in this short but
decisive conflict. =^96 Although during the course of three years,^^? pending which he waged war in Ireland, Edward Bruce had encountered the English armies in eighteen successive and victorious battles,^^^ their great numerical superiority at the battle of Foughart caused victory to favour the arms of England from the very first onset. 299 From the south-west corner of the church, and removed about four yards, the grave of Edward Bruce is shown. 3°° The authentication, however, is only sustained by a popular tradition. About the middle of the last century, St. Brigid's Stone, having a raised work about it in the form of a horse-shoe, was to be seen at Foughart. 3°' In the middle was a rough rocky flint, on which with bared knees penitents were accustomed to kneel. Raised upon two circular and concentric steps
was elevated St.
Brigid's pillar.
wthin the graveyard. 3°3 These are singularly suggestive of having been the base of a round tower. The burial-ground is well enclosed with a fine fence and a quick-set hedge of grown hawthorns. It rises high over the
adjacent fields. North-west of the old church, and within the graveyard enclosure, is shown " St. Brigid's Well. "304 It was dried up,3°5 when visited
**
As birds to the prey that come rushing from far.
They speed to enjoy the grand pastime of
war
Proud Flaiths on whose helmets gemmed
coronets shine
Proud Tanists with baldrics enriched by
the mine. "
And a thousand green islets, with foam girdled bright,
Like gems chased in silver, and glistening
=9^ Relative to the issue of this battle, we are told in "The Brus," writ be Master Johne Barbour : —
" And tha that at the fichting wer Socht Schir Eduard to get his hed Emang the folk that thar was ded. "
—
423. Aberdeen, 1856, 4to.
=97 An interesting account of this Irish
expedition of the Bruces is given in Sir Da-
"
in
light. "
;
Sec. 11. cxxxii. ,
Spald-
;
volume, at Dublin, in 1826.
'94 According to John Fordun's "Scoti-
chronicon," vol. ii. , lib. xii. , cap. xxxvii. , p. 271, Walter Goodall's Edition.
burgh, A. D. 1776, 1779, 4to.
=98 See Barbour's "Bruce," book xii.
"
History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xxxvi. , p. 70.
3°^ the circular stones are now noticeable Only
Annals of This Poem was issued in a small i2mo Scotland," vol. ii. , pp. 60 to 82. Edin-
=^5 Authors differ greatly in their account
both of the numbers engaged, and of those
who fell. Barbour, whose object it was to
pay all possible honour to the valour of his
countrymen, says that Bnice's army con- the east side. It was said to have been
tained about 2,000 men, not including his Irish auxiliaries ; and that they were oppo-
sed by the overwhelming multitude of 40,000. Bruce, at his landing, had 6,000 men, and he afterwards received reinforcements from Scotland. Now, though he sustained some loss from the sword, famine, and other c^ualties of war, it is scarcely credible that
covered by notches, one of which was then visible.
3°' This object seems to have disappeared.
3°^ Thomas Wright informs us, that the nuns of the convent used to go upon their knees on particular occasions ; sometimes around the lesser and sometimes around the larger circles, as their penitence required. See " Louthiana," book iii. , p. 19.
3°3 Views of all the curious ob- foregoing
jects are preserved for us in Plate xx. , book
his forces were reduced to one-third.
Irish annals his numbers at compute
The
3,000 ; but Ware says that 8,274 fell in the field,
" while in Louthiana,"
andthat were they
iii. , of Wright's
opposed by only 1,324
men-at-arms. Walsingham states the num- addition there is a ground plan of St.
ber of the slain to be 5,800, besides 29 barons and knights. The Anglo-Irish army is not said to have sustained any loss beside that of Maupus. See " Bruce's Invasion of Ire- land," note viii. , pp. 113, 114.
Brigid's quadrangular church in the grave- yard.
3°* In Irish CobA^ 1if^$t>e.
3°5 This, we were told, was the result of some previous desecration.
200 to 202. The
ing Club Edition, edited by C. Innes, p.
vid Dalrymple's (Lord Hailes')
'99 See Thomas Moore's
3°° In 1836, his tomb was pointed out on the west end of the grave ; the remainder being concealed in the ground. Then it lay nearly horizontal, but sinking slightly to
February i,
LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS
Jt
by the writer,3°6 but a pyramidical structure of stone and mortar, over a
square aperture, remain- ed. 3°7 It is on a slopin-^
of the burial- ground, and surrounded
by thickly-matted thorn bushes.
In the Parish of Foughart, there are five remarkable Moats. Three3°8 of these are on the townland of Upper Faughart; anotherMoat is in Lower Faughart,3°9 while one is onRoskeagh townland. 3^°
All writers are agreed,
that St. Brigid's birth
cannot be very distantly removed from the mid- dle of the fifth century. But authorities differ as totheexactdate. Some writers—as for instance the Bollandists3"—place it so early as the year
436 or 437. 3" The "" Annals of Dublin
and the "Annals of
Ross,3^3 with Friar John Clynn3H and Dr. Mere-
3°6 In May, 1874.
3°7 The accompanying illustration was
drawn on the spot by V. George Du Noyer, and transferred to wood from his sketches
in the R. I, A; by Gregor Grey, of Dublin, who also engraved it.
3<^ One is called m6cA ^aSa^c ; another is denominated moCA aw c-'peAti •otiine ; while the other has no distinguishing name.
3°9 This is called flAc ]"AileA6,
s^° This is styled mocA Uac fjeAfi. See "Louth Letters, containing Information relative to the Antiquities of the County, collected during the Progress of the Ordnance Survey in 1835-1836," vol. i. , p. 294.
3" Tillemont properly remarks, they had no sufficient grounds for their statements or
part
conjectures. These they were obliged to death to 506 or 517. " See Dr. Lanigan's
adopt, because they supposed St. Brigid had interviews with St. Patrick, and that he had requested her to weave a shroud for him.
"
312
ing St. Patrick's shroud is assigned by
This circumstance of St. Brigid weav-
arum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459.
3^4 See this Tract of his published by the
st. Brigid's Well, Faughart.
Henschenius and Papebrochius, to A. D. 458, to make it accord with their hypothesis regarding St. Patrick's death occurring, as they suppose, in 460. Their predecessor Bollandus, who admitted the circumstance,
relating to friendship existing between St. Patrick and St. Brigid (" Acta Sanctorum, Februarii," torn, i. , i. Februarii), was not obliged to antedate St. Brigid's birth. For, with Ussher, he supposed the former to have lived until the year 493. "Now the successors of Bollandus, when they rejected this date, should have rejected also what has been said about the shroud, &c. , and thus would not have been reduced to assign, in opposition to the best authorities, her birth to the time above mentioned, and her
Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. ii. , p. 378, and n. 25, pp. 382, 383, ibid.
3'3 See Ussher's " Britannicarum Ecclesi-
32 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [February i.
dith Hanmer,3^5 have 439. Another calculation should make her first see the light in 443. 3^^ The " Annals of Roscrea" note this event at a. d. 449. 3^7 A
judicious Irish historian considers, that including a. d. 451 and 458, St. Brigid's birth must have occurred at some time within such era. Following Ussher's
her birth to a. d. ^^^ Dr. 45 3,
to concur. The " Annals of Inisfallen" In the " Annals of Senat Mac Magnus," said to have been compiled by Charles Maguire, authors are cited for assigning the holy Virgin's birth to a. d. 457. 3^' Henry of Marl-
borough brings this event to so late a period as 468. 3'''
According to his computation, St. Brigid was only twelve years of age,
when St. Patrick died, if we adopt Dr. Lanigan's opinion ; and the same writer supposes, our Saint might have been known to the Apostle of Ireland,
at a very early age, in consequence of her singular sanctity having become conspicuous, and as she was derived from an illustrious family. But, it is thought, she could not have become a professed nun at that time, nor have already founded any religious house. 3*3 During St. Patrick's lifetime, according to the most consistent and authentic acts of both Saints, the same historian remarks, that Brigid is not represented as having been a consecrated Virgin. However minute, in all matters relating to St. Patrick, his Tripartite Life only mentions St. Brigid on one occasion. 3^4 There it is related, that, when Hstening, together with a vast number of people, to a sermon of his, she fell asleep and had a vision relative to the then state of the Irish Church and to its future vicissitudes, as expounded by St. Patrick. He, knowing that she had a vision, desired her, after she awoke, to tell what she saw.
The Saint replied, that at first she beheld a herd of white oxen amidst white crops, then spotted ones of various colours, after which appeared black and dark-coloured oxen. These were succeeded by sheep and swine, wolves
computation, affixing
The " Annals of Cambria"3i9 date it at a. d. 454.
Lanigan appears
give A. D. 456 in the opinion of some writers. s^Q
and dogs jarring with each other.
325
Irish Archaeological Society. "Quadrin-
There appears to be no good reason
3" So states Ussher in " Britannicarum Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459. However, in Henry Marleburrough's "Chronicle of Ireland," as published by the Hibemia Press Company, 4to, in 1809, we find no such notice, and there his Chronicle commences with A. D. 1 285, ending with A. D. 1421.
3^3 <' The lowest age, which I find to have been allowed in those times in any part of the Church for taking the veil, was that of 16 or 17 years. (St. Basil, Ep. Canonica, can. 18. ) The African 'Canons fixed it at 25 ; and this regulation became very general in the Western Church. Yet even in the countries where it was received, it might have been dispensed witli in certain cases.
— torn, ii. , (See Gilbert, Corp. J. Can. , p.
gentes—imo 39°. Nascitur beata virgo Bri- "
gida. " Annales Hiberniee," p. 4.
"
Other writers assume the same date, as in
3'S In his
Chronicle of Ireland," p. 89.
"Vetusto libro Chromelliae," quoted by "
Ussher. See Britannicarum Ecclesiarum
Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 459.
S"** Colgan remarks, that according to an
opinion, not improbable, St. Brigid lived to be eighty years. Hence, as it is very generally supposed, she died on February 1st, A. D. 523, her birth must naturally be referred to A. D. 443. See "Trias Thau- maturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidaj, cap. ix. , p. 620.
3'7 See ibid,
3*8 See "Index CCCCLiii. , p. 520.
Chronologicus,"
at A. D.
3*9 The "Annales Cambrige," supposed by the editor, Rev. John Williams ab Ithel,
n. 27, p. 383.
to be
aflfairs extant, places her birth at A. D. 454. See Preface, p. ix. and p. 3.
3=-^ See "Trias Colgan's
perhaps
the oldest chronicle of Welsh
Thaumaturga," SeptimaVitaS. Patricii,lib. iii. , cap. iv. ,
320 See "Annales
tomus ii. Dr. O'Conor's "Return Hibemi- carum Scriptores. "
3" See Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," Appendix Quarta ad Acta S. Brigidse, cap. U. , p. 620.
pp. 149, 150.
3=5 See also or Sexta Vita S. Jocelyn's,
Patricii, cap. xciv. , xcv. , Colgan's "Trias Thaumaturga," pp. 86, 87. Dr. Lanigan adds :— " In this narrative there is nothing
repugnant to the ways of the Almighty, who has been often pleased to impart to
Inisfalenses," p. 3,
"Ecclesiastical His- tory of Ireland," vol. i. , chap, viii. , sec. ii,
410). "
Dr. Lanigan's
February i. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 33
for admitting, that during the illustrious Apostle's life-time, St. Brigid had
been abbess of a monastery, nor concerning her having woven that shroud, in which St. Patrick's body was enveloped after death, and at his own parti-
cular request. 326 Still more, it nmst be observed, that neither Cogitosus, nor the author of the first or of the fifth Life, has a single word about it.
What is very remarkable, moreover, these never once mention St. Patrick, notwithstanding the care, with which they collected whatever could redound
to the honour of St. Brigid. Had she enjoyed those frequent interviews, or kept up a correspondence with St. Patrick, or attended him at his death, it is scarcely possible, that those writers, who are evidently her most ancient biographers, should have been quite silent on such material points.
From her very childhood, we are told, she had been accustomed to an
excellent course of instruction ; and, as she grew up, this holy maiden pre-
sentedeachdaysomefreshproofofreligiousdecorumandmodesty. In
allthings,sheconformedtotheinspirationsofDivineGrace. Herveryname
seemed pre-ordained to indicate her future spiritual state. 3^7 The story is
told of her, that when she was a mere child, playing at holy things, she got
a smooth slab of stone which she tried to set up as a little altar ; then a
beautiful angel joined in her play, and made wooden legs to the altar, and
bored four holes in the stone, into which the legs might be driven, so as to
make it stand. ^^^ Such legends as these—although inexactly preserved— usually attest a life of virtue, from the cradle to the grave.
CHAPTER II.
THE SCOTCH CLAIM TO ST. BRIGID'S BIRTH EXAMINED—PROBABLE ORIGIN OF THIS ERROR—REFUTATION—EARLY AND SUPERNATURAL INDICATIONS OF BRIGID's SANCTITY—HER SPIRIT OF PROPHECY MANIFESTED—HER INFANTILE VIRTUES— HER PROBABLE ACQUAINTANCE WITH ST. PATRICK DURING CHILDHOOD—HER RE- SOLUTION TO LIVE A VIRGIN—HER CHARACTERISTICS AND COMPARISON TO THE BLESSED VIRGIN MARY BY THE IRISH.
It must appear strange, at the present day, to understand, that some of the mediaeval Scotch chroniclers and historians reputed St. Brigid to have been a native of modern Scotland. This idea probably arose from the fact, that ancient writers of her Acts stated her having been born, her having lived, and
little ones secrets and gifts, which He with-
held from the learned and wise of this world.
It was thus that while the chief priests and
scribes remained in their infidelity, the chil-
dren cried out, Hosanna to the Son ofDavid,
through a Divine impulse, as appears from
our Saviour's answer to those wiseacres;
Enfans celebres, what may we not expect from the omnipotence of God in the order
—
of grace? "
land," vol. i. , chap, viii. , n. 28, pp. 383, 384.
3=^ This circumstance is mentioned, in the
Tertia Vita S. Brigidae, cap. Ix. , p. 534;
* And said to him hearest thou what in the Vita S.
lib.
these say? Jesus replied; Yes: have you xxx. , p. 554; and in the Sexta Vita S.
they ; Quarta
Brigidoe,
ii. , cap.
never read, that out of the mouth of injants Brigidse, sec. xlvi. , p. 592.
and sucking babes thou hast perfectedpraise ? ' 327 So Laurence of Durham appears to Matt. xxi. 16. St. Brigid might have been think ; while Colgan remarks, that Brigh, at that time ten or eleven years old, an age meaning "virtue," is likely to have been fully sufficient to render her in the hands of the original Irish source for the name Brigida God, an instrument fit for displaying the or Brigid. See "Trias Thaumaturga,** wonderful effects of His grace and His know-
ledge of all things. If in what is called the
order of nature we find so many children of
extraordinary precocity in learning, so many Vol. II.
3="^ See Rev. S. Baring-Gould's "Lives of the Saints," vol. ii. , February i, p. 17.
*' Ecclesiastical of Ire- History
Quinta Vita S. Brigidse, cap. viii. , and n. 10, pp. 569, 640.
D
34 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS, [February i. I
her having died in Scotia. Yet by such term, those do not refer to any other country,exceptourownisland. AmongScottishauthors,whoclaimourillus-
trious patroness as their countrywoman, may be specially mentioned John Major''andHectorBoece. * BothCamerarius^andDempster*assert,thatshe wasborn,andthatshedied,inAlbaniaorBritishScotia. Ithasbeengenerally advanced by old writers, that she was of Scottish race. Thus, George Gam- feld,5 or Garnefelt, Antonio Possevino,^ Raphael Volaterranus,^ Sigebert Gem- blacensis^andMarianus^write. ThatSt. BrigidwasborninScotiaisanopinion formed by Antonius Sabellicus,^° by Petrus de Natalibus," and by a writer of the general Chronicles of the World. Sigebert tells us, she died in the same country at the year 578, and the Chronicle, entitled, "Rudimentum Novitiorum," has her death at a. d. 520. Her Natalis, indeed, has been ob- servedinScotia,ontheistofFebruary. Thismaybefoundamongnearly all Hagiologists and Martyrologists. It is noted in the Roman Martyrology, and in the Martyrologies of Bede, Usuard, Ado, Viennen. , Rodulphus Rivius, and the Carthusian Martyrology. Galesinus and many other writers, both Irishandforeign,allow,thatoursaintwasanativeofScotia. Yet,although this be admitted, it will not follow, however, that St. Brigid was born in British Scotia, or that her ancestors were natives of that country. On the contrary, evidence is afforded, that the island known as Hibernia, had been called Scotia, by ancient writers of every condition, age, and nation. " We are told, that previous to the eleventh century, no one thought of calling that part of Britain, now known as Scotland, by the name of Scotia. Writers usuallycalleditAlbania. AllwhomentionedScotiatotheperioddesignated understood Scotia as applicable to an island,'3 situated between Britain and Spain. '4 If all other arguments were wanting in support of such a position, various passages, found in the old acts. of St. Brigid, should be sufficient to establish it. For by birth and descent, this holy virgin was evidently a native ofIreland; shediedthere;andshewasparticularlyveneratedinourisland.
Chap, ii. —* See "Historia
to have, "in mendicabulis re-
Bri- tanniae, tarn Anglise, quam Scotiae," lib. ii. , cap. xiv. , p. 85. Edinburgh edition, A. D.
Dempster
pressis Hibernorum," vindicated our St. Brigid's fame for Scotland.
5 See " De Vita Eremitica," p. 223.
1740, 4to. =^
See "Scotorum Historise, a prima gentis origine," &c. , lib. ix.
