No More Learning

p. 270. ) This date
B. C. 402, on the authority of Deinarchus (c. De is confirmed by the title of one of his comedies,
mosth. p. 100. 4, ed. Steph. , compare p. 95. 7–8. ) 'Avridais, which evidently refers to the celebrated
This date is confirmed by Demosthenes, who courtezan Laïs; and also by his being mentioned
mentions him in connexion with Callistratus, in connexion with Cratinus, Aristophanes, Callias,
Aristophon the Azenian, and Thrasybulus. (De Diocles, Eupolis, and Hermippus. . The following
Coron. p. 301. ) He is summoned by Andocides are the known titles of bis plays : 'Avridats, 'Ana-
to plead for him at the end of the oration De Soves, Tpocuvios, "Ts. A few fragments of them
Mysteriis. (B. C. 400. ) He flourished at least are preserved by Photius and Suidas (s. v. 'Ovos
thirty years longer. Aeschines (who calls him üetai), by Pollux (vi. 173, vii. 40, 87), and by
ο παλαιός εκείνος ο δοκών δημοτικώτατος γεγο- | Athenaeus. (iii. p. 119, d. , viii. p. 315, f. , xi. p.
vévau) relates, that, on one occasion, when he 459, a. , xii. p. 553, a. , xiv. p. 629, d. , xv. p. 667,
was opposed to Aristophon the Azenian, the latter d. , p. 689, f. , p. 701, b. )
boasted that he had been acquitted seventy-five 2. An Athenian orator, a most eminent dis-
times of accusations against his public conduct, but ciple of Isocrates, wrote an apology for Isocrates
Cephalus replied, that during his long public life against Aristotle. The work against Aristotle was
he had never been accused. (c. Ctesiph. p. 81. 39, in four books, under the title of ai apos 'Apiota
ed. Steph. ; see the answer of Dem. de Coron, pp. Tén ávtiypadal. (Dionys. Ep. ad Amm. p. 120.
310-11. ) He had a daughter named Oea, who 32, Sylb. ; Isoc. p. 102. 17 ; Isaeus, p. 111. 37 ;
was married to Cherops. (Suid. s. v. ; Harpocrat. Dem. p. 120. 31; Athen. ï. p. 60, e. , iii. p. 122,
s. v. Oineev. ) Tzetzes (Chil. vi. Hist. 34) con- b. , viii. p. 359, c. ) He also attacked Plato. (Dia
founds this Cephalus with the father of Lysias. In nys. Ep. ad Pomp. p. 127. 3, Sylb. )
spite of the coincidence on the point of never baring A writer of the same name is mentioned by the
been accused, they must have been different per Scholiast on Aristotle (Eth. Nicom. iii. 8) as the
sons, at least if the date given above for the death author of a history of the Sacred War. As the
of Lysias's father be correct.
disciples of Isocrates paid much attention to his-
torical composition, Ruhnken conjectures that the
* The Cephalus, who is one of the speakers in orator and the historian were the same person. (Hist.
the Parmenides of Plato, was a different person, a Crit. Orat. Gracc. $ 38. ) There is a Cephisodorus,
native of Clazomenae. (Plat. Parm. p. 126. ) a Theban, mentioned by Athenaeus (xii. p. 548, e )


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CEPHISODOTUS.
669
CEPHISODOTUS.
ture.
As an bistorian. It is possible that he may be the CEPHISO'DOTUS. 1. A celebrated Athe-
same person. If so, we must suppose that Cephi- nian sculptor, whose sister was the first wife of
sodoriis was a native of Thebes, and settled at Phocion. " (Plut. Phoc. 19. ) He is assigned by
Athens as a méTOIKOS : but this is mere conjec- Pliny (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. 1) to the 102nd Olympiad
[P. S. ] (B. C. 372), an epoch chosen probably by his autho-
CEPHISODO'RUS, an illustrious painter men- rities because the general peace recommended by the
tioned by Pliny (xxxv. 9. 8. 36. & 1), together with Persian king was then adopted by all the Greek
Aglaophon, Phrylus, and Evenor, the father of states except Thebes, which began to aspire to the
Parrhasius, under the 90th Olympiad (B. C. 420), first station in Greece. (Heyne, Antig. Aufs. i.
at which date, the end of the Archidamian war, p. 208. ) Cephisodotus belonged to that younger
Pliny's authorities made a stop and enumerated school of Attic artists, who had abandoned the stern
the distinguished men of the age. (Heyne, Antig. and majestic beauty of Phidias and adopted a more
Aufsätze, i. p. 220. ) At least, this reason for the animated and graceful style. It is difficult to dis-
date of Pliny seems more probable than the vic- tinguish him from a younger Cephisodotus, whom
tories of Alcibiades in the Olympian and other Sillig (p. 144), without the slightest reason, con-
games which were celebrated by Aglaophon. siders to have been more celebrated. But some
(AGLAOPHON; and Böttiger, Archäologie der works are expressly ascribed to the elder, others
Malerei, p. 269. )
[L. U. ) are probably his, and all prove him to have been
CEPHISOʻDOTUS (Knpódotos). 1. One of a worthy contemporary of Praxiteles. Most of his
the three additional generals who, in B. C. 405, works which are known to us were occasioned by
were joined by the Athenians in command with public events, or at least dedicated in temples. This
Conon, Adeimantus, and Philocles. He was taken was the case with a group which, in company with
prisoner at the battle of Aegospotami, and put to Xenophon of Athens, he executed in Pentelian
death. (Xen. Hell. ii. 1. SS 16, 30, &c. )
marble for the temple of Zeus Soter at Megalopo-
2. An Athenian general and orator, who was sent lis, consisting of a sitting statue of Zeus Soter, with
with Callias, Autocles, and others (B. C. 371) to ne- Artemis Soteira on one side and the town of
gotiate peace with Sparta. (Xen. Hell. vi. 3. $ 2. ) Megalopolis on the other. (Paus. viii. 30. $ 5. )
Again, in B. c.
369, when the Spartan ambassadors Now, as it is evident that the inhabitants of that
had come to Athens to settle the terms of the town would erect a temple to the preserver of their
desired alliance between the states, and the Athe-new-built city immediately after its foundation,
nian council had proposed that the land-forces of Cephisodotus most likely finished his work not
the confederacy should be under the command of long after Ol. 102. 2. (B. C. 371. ) It seems
Sparta, and the navy under that of Athens, Cephi- that at the same time, after the congress of Sparta,
sodotus persuaded the assembly to reject the pro- B. C. 371, he executed for the Athenians a statue
posal, on the ground that, while Athenian citizens of Peace, holding Plutus the god of riches in
would have to serve under Spartan generals, few her arms. (Paus. i. 8. § 2, ix. 16. § 2. ) We
but Helots (who principally manned the ships) ascribe this work to the elder Cephisodotus, al-
would be subject to Athenian control. Another though a statue of Enyo is mentioned as a work of
arrangement was then adopted, by which the com- Praxiteles' sons, because after OL 120 we know of
mand of the entire force was to be held by each no peace which the Athenians might boast of, and
state alternately for five days. (Xen. Hel. vii. 1. because in the latter passage Pausanias speaks of
$$ 12–14. ) It seems to have been about B. c. the plan of Cephisodotus as equally good with
359 that he was sent out with a squadron to the the work of his contemporary and companion
Hellespont, where the Athenians hoped that the Xenophon, which in the younger Cephisodotus
Euboean adventurer, Charidemus, the friend of would have been only an imitation. The most
Cephisodotus, would, according to his promise numerous group of his workmanship were the nine
made through the latter, co-operate with him in Muses on mount Helicon, and three of another
re-annexing the Chersonesus to their dominion. group there, completed by Strongylion and Olym-
But Charidemus turned his arms against them, piosthenes. (Paus. ix. 30. $ 1. ) They were pro-
and marched in particular to the relief of Alopecon- bably the works of the elder artist, because
nesus, a town on the south-east of the Chersonese, Strongylion seems to have been a contemporary of
of which Cephisodotus had been ordered to make Praxiteles, not of his sons. (Comp. Sillig. p. 432. )
himself master under the pretext of dislodging a Pliny mentions two other statues of Cephiso
band of pirates who had taken refuge there. Un dotus (xxxiv. 8. s. 19. $ 27), one a Mercury nursing
able to cope with Charidemus, he entered into a the infant Bacchus, that is to say, holding him in
compromise
. by which the place was indeed yielded his arms in order to entrust him to the care of the
to Athens, but on terms 60 disadvantageous that Nymphs, a subject also known by Praxiteles'
he was recalled from his command and brought to statue (Paus. ix. 39. § 3), and by some basso-
trial for his life. By a majority of only three votes relievos, and an unknown orator lifting his hand,
he escaped sentence of death, but was condemned which attitude of Hermes Logeos was adopted by
to a fine of five talents. (Dem. C. Aristokr. pp. his successors, for instance in the celebrated statue
670–676; Suid. s. v. Knoiobotos. ) This was of Cleomenes in the Louvre, and in a colossus at
perhaps the Cephisodotus who, in B. c. 355, joined Vienna. (Meyer's Note to Winckelmann, vii. 2,
Aristophon the Azenian and others in defending 26. ) It is probable that the admirable statue of
the law of Leptines against Demosthenes, and who Athena and the altar of Zeus Soter in the Peiraeeus
is mentioned in the speech of the latter as inferior (Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 14). — perhaps the same
to none in eloquence. (Dem. c. Lept. p. 501, &c. ; which Demosthenes decorated after his return from
cump. Ruhnk. Hist. Crit
. Orat. Gr. p. 141. ) Aris- exile, B. C. 323 (Plut. Dem. c. 27, Vit. X Orat.
totle speaks of him (Rhet. iii. 10) as an opponent of p. 846, d. ) -- were likewise his works, because they
Chares when the latter had to undergo his eúdúvn must have been erected soon after the restorativo
after the Olynthian war, B. C. 347. (E. E. ) of the Peiraeeus by Conon, B. C. 393.


## p. 670 (#690) ############################################

670)
CEPHISODOTUS.
CEPHISOPHON
2. The younger Cephisodotus, likewise of | of all these idle people together. In fact the two
Athens, a son of the great Praxiteles, is mentioned ladies whom Cephisodotus is there stated to have
by Pliny (xxxiv. 8. § 19) with five other sculptors represented, are very well known to us as poetesses,
in bronze under the 120th Olympiad (B. C. 300), Myro or Mocro of Byzantium, mother of the
probably because the battle of Ipsus, B. C. 301, tragic poet Homer (who flourished B. c. 284 ; see
gave to the chronographers -a convenient pause to Suidas, s. v. 'Oumpos), and Anyte. (ANYTE. ]
enumerate the artists of distinction then alire ; it All the works of Cephisodotus are lost. One
is, therefore, not to be wondered at if we find only, but one of the noblest, the Symplegma,
Cephisodotus engaged before and probably after praised by Pliny (xxxvi. 4. & 6) and visible at his
that time. Heir to the art of his father (Plin. time at Pergamus, is considered by many anti-
xxxvi. 4. & 6), and therefore always a sculptor in quarians as still in existence in an imitation
bronze and marble, never, as Sillig (p. 144 ) states, only, but a very good one, the celebrated group
a painter, he was at first employed, together with of two wrestling youths at Florence. (Gull. di
his brother Timarchus, at Athens and Thebes in Firenze Statue, iii. tavv. 121, 122. ) Winckelmann
some works of importance. First, they executed seems to have changed his mind about its meaning,
wooden statues of the orator and statesman Ly- for in one place (Gesch. d. Kunst, ix. 2. 28) he
curgus (who died B. c. 323), and of his three sons, refers it to the group of Niobe with which it was
Abron, Lycurgus, and Lycophron, which were found, and in another (ix. 3. & 19) he takes it to be
probably ordered by the family of the Butadae, a work either of Cephisodotus or of Heliodorus ;
and dedicated in the temple of Erechtheus on the and to the former artist it is ascribed by Maffei.
Acropolis, as well as the pictures on the walls placed (Collectan. Statuar. Antiq. tab. 29, p. 31; Meyer,
there by Abron. (Paus. i. 26. § 6; Plut. Vit. in his Note to Winckelmann, Gesch. der bildenden
X Orat. p. 843. ) Sillig confounds by a strange Künste, vol. i. pp. 138, 304 ; Müller, Hundu. d.
mistake the picture of Ismenias with the statues of Archäol. $ 126. 4, § 423. 4, Denkmäler der alten
Praxiteles’ sons (Trivat and eixoves &ú ivai). The Kunst, Heft, iji. 149. ) Now this opinion is cer-
marble basement of one of these statues has been tainly more probable than the strange idea of
discovered lately on the Acropolis, together with Hirt (Gesch. d. bildend. K'ünste b. d. Alten. p. 187),
another pedestal dedicated by Cepbisodotus and that we see in the Florentine work an imitation of
Timarchus to their uncle Theoxenides. (Ross, the wrestlers of Daedalus (Plin. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. S
Kunstblatt, 1840, No. 12. ) It is very likely that 15), which were no group at all, but two isolated
the artists performed their task so well, that the athletes. But still it is very far from being true.
people, when they ordered a bronze statue to be There is no doubt that the Florentine statues do
erected to their benefactor, B. c. 307 (Psephism. . not belong to the Niobids, although Wagner, in
ap. Plut. I. c. p. 852 ; Paus. i. 8. & 2), committed his able article respecting these master-works
it to them. The vicinity at least of the temple of (Kunstblatt, 1830, No. 55), has tried to revive that
Mars, where the sons of Praxiteles had wrought a old error of Winckelmann, and Krause (Gymnastik
statue of Enyo (Paus. l. c. $ 5), supports this sup- der Hellenen, vol. i. pp.