)
Dardanus
is the mythi- scent froin Aesculapius, the son of Sostratus 1.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
The well bore the name of Daphnis,
Arist. Pol. v. 5. )
(E. H. B. ] and at it the Sicilians offered an annual sacrifice.
DAPHNE (Acou), a fair maiden who is (Serv. and Virg. Ed. v. 20. ) Phylargyrius, on the
mixed up with various traditions about Apollo. same passage, states, that Daphnis tried to console
According to Pausanias (x. 5. § 3) she was an himself in his blindness by songs and playing on
Oreas and an ancient priestess of the Delphic ora- the flute, but that he did not live long after; and
cle to which she had been appointed by Ge. the Scholiast on Theocritus (viji. 93) relates, that
Diodorus (iv. 66) describes her as the daughter Daphnis, while wandering about in his blindness,
of Teiresias, who is better known by the name fell from a steep rock. Somewhat different ac-
of Manto. She was made prisoner in the war of counts are contained in Servius (ad liry. Eclog.
the Epigoni and given as a present to Apollo. A viii. 68) and in various parts of the Idyls of
third Daphne is called a daughter of the river. Theocritus.
[L. S. )
god Lndon in Arcadia by Ge (Paus. viii. 20. DAPIINIS, a Greek orator, of whom a frag-
$1; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 6 ; Philosir. l'il. Apollon. ment in a Latin version is preserved in Rutilius
i. 16), or of the river-god Peneius in Thessaly Lupus (de Fig. Sent. 15), and whose name Pithoeus
(Ov. Met. i. 452 ; Hygin. Fub. 203), or lastly of wrongly altered into Daphnidius. No particulars
Amyclas. (Parthen. Erot. 15. ) She was extremely are known about him. (Ruhnken, au Rutil. Lup.
beautiful and was loved and pursued by Apollo. p. 52, and Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec. p. 93. ) [L. S. ]
When on the point of being overtaken by him, DAPHNIS, an architect of Miletus, who, in con-
she prayed to her mother, Ge, who opened the earth junction with Paeonius, built a temple to Apollo
and received her, and in order to console Apollo at Miletus, of the Ionic order. (Vitruv, vii. Praef.
she created the ever-green laurel-tree (oáørn), of 16. ) He lived later than CHERSIPHRON, since
the boughs of which Apollo made himself a wreath. Paeonius was said to have finished the temple of
Another story relates that Leucippus, the son of Artemis at Ephesus, which was begun by Chersi-
Oenomaüs, king of Pisa, was in love with Daphne phron. (Vitruv. I. c. )
and approached her in the disguise of a maiden DAPHNOʻPATES, THEODOʻRUS (Ochowpos
and thus hunted with her. But Apollo's jealousy Aapvorátns), an ecclesiastical writer, who lived
caused his discovery during the bath, and he was about the middle of the tenth century after Christ.
killed by the nymphs. (Paus. viii. 20. 82 ; Par. He is called a patrician and sometimes magister,
then. l. c. ) According to Ovid (Met. i. 452, &c. ) and was invested with the office of primus a secre-
Daphne in her flight from Apollo was metamor- tis at the court of Constantinople. He seems to
phosed herself into a laurel-tree. [L. S. ] have written a history of Byzantium (Joan. Scy-
DAPHNIS (Aapvís), a Sicilian hero, to whom litzes, Praef. ; Cedren. Hist. p. 2), but no distinct
the invention of bucolic poetry is ascribed. He is traces of it are left. Of his many theological writ-
called a son of Hermes by a nymph (Diod. iv. 84), ings two only are printed, viz. 1. An oration upon
or merely the belored of Hermes. (Aelian, V. H. the transfer of the hand of John the Baptist from
x. 18. ) Ovid (Met
. iv. 275) calls him an Idaean Antioch to Constantinople, which took place in
shepherd; but it does not follow from this, that A. D. 956. The year after, when the anniversary
Ovid connected him with either the Phrygian or of this event was celebrated, Theodorus delivered
the Cretan Ida, since Ida signifies any woody his oration upon it. A Latin translation of it is
mountain. (Etym. Magn. s. v. ) His story runs as printed in the Acta Sanctorum under the 29th of
follows: The nymph, his mother, exposed him August. The Greek original, of which MSS. are
when an infant in a charming valley in a laurel extant in several libraries, has not yet been pub-
grove, from which he received his name of Daph- lished. 2. Apanthismata, that is, extracts from
nis, and for which he is also called the favourite of various works of St. Chrysostom, in thirty-three
Apollo. (Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. x. 26. ) He was chapters. They are printed in the editions of the
brought up by nymphs or shepherds, and he him- works of St. Chrysostom, vol. vii. p. 669, ed. Savil-
self became a shepherd, avoiding the bustling lius, and vol. vi. p. 663, ed. Ducaeus. (Fabric.
crowds of men, and tending his flocks on mount Bill. Graec. X. p. 385, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Lit. ii. p.
Aetna winter and summer. A Naiad (her name 316, ed. London, 1698. )
[L. S. ]
is different in different writers, Echenais, Xenea, DAPHNUS (Aáovos), a physician of Ephesus,
Nomia, or Lyce,-Parthen. Erot. 29 ; Schol. ad who is introduced by Athenaeus in his Deipnoso-
Theocrit. i. 65, vii. 73; Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. riii. phistae (i. p. 1) as a contemporary of Galen in the
68; Phylarg. ad Virg. Eclog. v. 20) fell in love second century after Christ. (W. A. G. )
with him, and made him promise never to form a DAPYX (ASTUS), the chief of a tribe of the
connexion with any other maiden, adding the Getae. When Crassus was in Thrace, B. C. 29,
threat that he should become blind if he violated Roles, another chief of the Getae, was at war with
For a time the handsome Daphnis re- Dapyx, and called in the assistance of Crassus.
sisted all the numerous temptations to which he Dapyx was defeated, and obliged to take refuge in
was exposed, but at last he forgot himself
, having a stronghold, where he was besieged. A Greek,
been made intoxicated by a princess. The Naiad who in the place, betrayed it to Crassus, and
accordingly punished him with blindness, or, as as soon as the Getae perceived the treachery, they
others relate, changed him into a stone. Previous killed one another, that they might not fall into
to this time he had composed bucolic poetry, and the hands of the Romans. Dapyx too ended his
with it delighted Artemis during the chase. Ac- life on that day. (Dion Cass. li. 26. ) [L. S. ]
cording to others, Stesichorus made the fate of DA'RDANUS (Aápdavos), a son of Zeus and
Daphnis the theme of his bucolic poetry, which Electra, the daughter of Atlas. He was the bro-
was the earliest of its kind. After having become ther of Jasus, Jasius, Jason, or Jasion, Aetion and
blind, he invoked his father to help him. The Harmonia, and his native place in the various tri-
à
TE
his row.
## p. 940 (#960) ############################################
940
DARDANUS
DAREIUS.
T:-
ditions is Arcadia, Crete, Troas, or Italy. (Serv. DARDANUS (Aápôaros), the fourth in de-
ad Virg. Aen. iii. 167.
) Dardanus is the mythi- scent froin Aesculapius, the son of Sostratus 1. ,
cal ancestor of the Trojans, and through them of and the father of Crisamis 1. , who lived probably
thic Romans. It is necessary to distinguish be in the cleventh century B. c. (lo. Tzetzes, Chil.
tween the earlier (reek legends and the later ones vii. Ilisi. 155, in fabric. Bibl. Grurc. vol. xii. p.
which we meet with in the poetry of Italy. Ac-080, ed. vet. )
(W. A. G. )
cording to the former, he was married to Chryse, the DAREIUS O: DARI'US (Aapeie's, Aaperaios,
daughter of Palas, in Arcadia, who bore him two Ctes. , Heb. 299 7. 7, 1. c. Daryavesh), the name of
sons, Idacus and Deimas. These sons ruled for
lime over the kingdom of Atlas in Arcadia, but then several kings of Persia. Like such names in
they separated on account of a great flood, and the general, it is no doubt a significant title. Hero-
calamities resulting from it. Deimas reinained in dotus (vi. 98) says that it means op eins ; but the
Arcadia, while Idaeus emigrated with his father, meaning of this Greek word is doubtful. Some
Dardanus. They first arrived in Samothrace, take it to be a form fülıricated by Herodotus him-
which was henceforth called Dardania, and after self, for jegías or pnktup, from the root ever (110),
having established a colony therc, they went to meaning the person who uchicves great things; but
Phrygia. Here Dardanus received a tract of land it is more probably derived from eipryw (restrain),
froni king Teucrus, on which he built the town of in the sense of the ruler. In modern Persian
Dardanus. At his marriage with Chryse, she had Dara or Durab means lord, which approaches very
brought him as a dowry the palladia and sacra of near to the form seen in the Persepolitan inscrip-
the great gods, whose worship she had learned, and tion, Darcush or Daryush (where the sh is no
which worship Dardanus introduced into Samothrace, doubt an adjective termination), as well as to the
though without making the people acquainted with Hebrew form. Precisely the same result is ob-
the names of the gods. Servius (ad Aen. viii. 285) tained from a passage of Strabo (xvi. p. 785), who
states, that he also instituted the Salii in Samo mentions, among the changes which names suffer
thrace. When he went to Phrygia he took the in passing from one language to another, that
images of the gods with him; and when, after saperos is a corruption of Aapeinhans, or, as Salma-
forming the plan of founding a town, he consulted sius has corrected it, of Aapiaúns, that is Daryuv.
the oracle, he was told, among other things, that This view also explains the form Aaperaios used
the town should remain invincible as long as the by Ctesias. The introduction of the y sound after
sacred dowry of his wife should be preserved in the in these forms is explained by Grotefend.
the country under the protection of Athena. After some writers have fancied that Herodotus, in say-
the death of Dardanus those palladia (others men- ing that Aapeios means épteins, and that Eépens
tion only one palladium) were carried to Troy by means áprios, was influenced in the choice of his
his descendants. When Chryse died, Dardanus words by their resemblance to the names ; and
married Bateia, the daughter of Teucrus, or Arisbe they add, as if it were a matter of course, the
of Crete, by whom he became the father of Erich simple fact, which contradicts their notion, that
thonius and Idaea (Hom. Il. xx. 215, &c. ; A pol- the order of correspondence must be inverted.
lod. iii. 12. $ 1, &c. , 15. § 3; Dionys. i. 61, (Bähr, Annot. ad loc. ) The matter is fully dis-
&c. ; Lycophr. 1302; Eustath. ad Il. p. 1204 ; cussed in Grotefend's Beilage zu Heeren's Ideen
Conon. Narr. 21; Strab. vii. p. 33); Paus. vii
. 4. (Asiatic Researches, vol. ii. Append. ii. )
$ 3, 19. $ 3; Diod. iv. 49 ; Serv. ad Aen. i. 32. ) 1. DAREIUS I. , the eldest son of Hystaspes
According to the Italian traditions, Dardanus (Gustasp), was one of the seven Persian chiefs who
was the son of Corythus, an Etruscan prince of destroyed the usurper Smerdis, after whose death
Corythus (Cortona), or of Zeus by the wife of Dareius obtained the throne. He was a member
Corvthus. (Serv. ad Aen. ix. 10, vii. 207. ) In a of the royal family of the Achaemenidae (Herod.
battle with the Aborigines, Dardanus lost his hel- i. 209), in a branch collateral to that of Cyrus.
met (Kópus); and although he was already beaten, The meaning of the genealogy given by Xerxes
he led his troops to a fresh attack, in order to re- | (Herod. vii. il) seems to be this:
cover his helmet. He gained the victory, and
Achaemenes.
called the place where this happened Corythus.
He afterwards emigrated with his brother Jasius
Teïspes.
from Etruria. Dardanus went to Phrygia, where
he founded the Dardanian kingdom, and Jasius
went to Samothrace, after they had previously
Cambyses.
Ariaramnes.
divided the Penates between themselves. (Serv.
ad Aen. iii. 15, 167, 170, vii. 207, 210. )
There
Cyrus.
Arsames.
are four other mythical personages of the name of
Dardanus. (Hom. Il. xx. 459 ; Eustath. ad Il.
Hystaspes.
pp. 380, 1697; Paus. viii. 24. § 2. ) [L. S. ]
DARDANUS (Aápsavos). 1. A Stoic philo-
Atossa – Dareius.
sopher and contemporary of Antiochus of Ascalon Cambyses. Smerdis.
(about B. c. 110), who was at the head of the
Xerxes.
Stoic school at Athens together with Mnesarchus.
(Cic. Acad. ii. 22; Zumpt, Ceber den Bestand der When Cyrus undertook his expedition against the
Philos. Schulen in Athen, p. 80. )
Massagetae, Dareius, who was then about twenty
2. A Greek sophist, a native of Assyria, is years old, was left in Persis, of which country his
mentioned by Philostratus (Tit. Soph. ii. 4) as the father Hystaspes was satrap. The night after the
teacher of Antiochus of Aegre, according to which passage of the Araxes, Cyrus dreamt that he saw
he must have lived in the second century after Dareius with wings on his shoulders, the one of
Christ.
[L. S. ] which overshadowed Asia and the other Europe.
## p. 941 (#961) ############################################
DAREIUS.
241
DAREIUS.
Inferring that Darcius had formed a conspiracy | which he paid to his revenues, and from his love of
against him, Cyrus sent back Il ystaspes into Persis money, Dareius was called by the Persians kános.
to watch his son. (llerod. i. 209, 210. ) Dareius (iii. 89, 117. ). A detailed account of his satrapics
attended Cambyses to Egypt as one of his body and revenues is given by llerodotus. (iii. 90, &c. )
guard. (Herod. iii. 139 ; Syloson. ) After the llis ordinary residence was at Susa, which he
detection of the imposture of the Magian, Dareius greatly improved. (Aclian, N. A. i. 59 ; Plin. II. X.
went to Susa just at the time when the conspiracy vi. 27. s. 31. )
against the usurper was formed, and he was asso- The seven months of the reign of Smerdis had
ciated with the six other conspirators, who, by his produced much confusion throughout the whole
advice, resolved to act without delay. (SMERDIS. ) empire. His remission of all taxes for three years,
The discussions among the Persian chiefs, which f it be true, must have caused Darcius some
ensued upon the death of the Magian, ended in trouble in reimposing them. It cannot be doubted
favour of the monarchical form of government, that the governors of the provinces would scize the
which was advocated by Dareius, and Dareius opportunity to assume a sort of independencc. llc
himself was chosen to ihe kingdom by a sign, have an example in the conduct of Oroctas, the
which had been agreed on by the conspirators, and governor of Sardis, who, in addition to his cruel
which Dareius, with the aid of his groom Oebares, and treacherous murder of Polycrates and other
contrived to obtain for himself, B. c. 521. This ac- acts of tyranny, put to death a noble Persian,
count, instead of being a fiction, is quite in ac-Mitrobates, the governor of Dascylium in Bithynia,
cordance with the spirit of the Persian religion. with his son, and killed a roval messenger whom
(Heeren's Asiatic Researches, ii. p. 350; comp. Dareius sent to rebuke him. Dareius was pre-
Tac. Germ. 10. )
vented from marching against Oroetas in person,
The usurpation of Smerdis seems to have been on account of his recent accession to the throne
an attempt on the part of the Medes to regain and the power of the offender; but one of his
their supremacy.
The conspirators against him courtiers, named Bagaeus, effected the death of
were noble Persians, and in all probability the Oroetas by gaining orer his body-guard of 1000
chiefs of Persian tribes. Their discussion about Persians.
Arist. Pol. v. 5. )
(E. H. B. ] and at it the Sicilians offered an annual sacrifice.
DAPHNE (Acou), a fair maiden who is (Serv. and Virg. Ed. v. 20. ) Phylargyrius, on the
mixed up with various traditions about Apollo. same passage, states, that Daphnis tried to console
According to Pausanias (x. 5. § 3) she was an himself in his blindness by songs and playing on
Oreas and an ancient priestess of the Delphic ora- the flute, but that he did not live long after; and
cle to which she had been appointed by Ge. the Scholiast on Theocritus (viji. 93) relates, that
Diodorus (iv. 66) describes her as the daughter Daphnis, while wandering about in his blindness,
of Teiresias, who is better known by the name fell from a steep rock. Somewhat different ac-
of Manto. She was made prisoner in the war of counts are contained in Servius (ad liry. Eclog.
the Epigoni and given as a present to Apollo. A viii. 68) and in various parts of the Idyls of
third Daphne is called a daughter of the river. Theocritus.
[L. S. )
god Lndon in Arcadia by Ge (Paus. viii. 20. DAPIINIS, a Greek orator, of whom a frag-
$1; Tzetz. ad Lycoph. 6 ; Philosir. l'il. Apollon. ment in a Latin version is preserved in Rutilius
i. 16), or of the river-god Peneius in Thessaly Lupus (de Fig. Sent. 15), and whose name Pithoeus
(Ov. Met. i. 452 ; Hygin. Fub. 203), or lastly of wrongly altered into Daphnidius. No particulars
Amyclas. (Parthen. Erot. 15. ) She was extremely are known about him. (Ruhnken, au Rutil. Lup.
beautiful and was loved and pursued by Apollo. p. 52, and Hist. Crit. Orat. Graec. p. 93. ) [L. S. ]
When on the point of being overtaken by him, DAPHNIS, an architect of Miletus, who, in con-
she prayed to her mother, Ge, who opened the earth junction with Paeonius, built a temple to Apollo
and received her, and in order to console Apollo at Miletus, of the Ionic order. (Vitruv, vii. Praef.
she created the ever-green laurel-tree (oáørn), of 16. ) He lived later than CHERSIPHRON, since
the boughs of which Apollo made himself a wreath. Paeonius was said to have finished the temple of
Another story relates that Leucippus, the son of Artemis at Ephesus, which was begun by Chersi-
Oenomaüs, king of Pisa, was in love with Daphne phron. (Vitruv. I. c. )
and approached her in the disguise of a maiden DAPHNOʻPATES, THEODOʻRUS (Ochowpos
and thus hunted with her. But Apollo's jealousy Aapvorátns), an ecclesiastical writer, who lived
caused his discovery during the bath, and he was about the middle of the tenth century after Christ.
killed by the nymphs. (Paus. viii. 20. 82 ; Par. He is called a patrician and sometimes magister,
then. l. c. ) According to Ovid (Met. i. 452, &c. ) and was invested with the office of primus a secre-
Daphne in her flight from Apollo was metamor- tis at the court of Constantinople. He seems to
phosed herself into a laurel-tree. [L. S. ] have written a history of Byzantium (Joan. Scy-
DAPHNIS (Aapvís), a Sicilian hero, to whom litzes, Praef. ; Cedren. Hist. p. 2), but no distinct
the invention of bucolic poetry is ascribed. He is traces of it are left. Of his many theological writ-
called a son of Hermes by a nymph (Diod. iv. 84), ings two only are printed, viz. 1. An oration upon
or merely the belored of Hermes. (Aelian, V. H. the transfer of the hand of John the Baptist from
x. 18. ) Ovid (Met
. iv. 275) calls him an Idaean Antioch to Constantinople, which took place in
shepherd; but it does not follow from this, that A. D. 956. The year after, when the anniversary
Ovid connected him with either the Phrygian or of this event was celebrated, Theodorus delivered
the Cretan Ida, since Ida signifies any woody his oration upon it. A Latin translation of it is
mountain. (Etym. Magn. s. v. ) His story runs as printed in the Acta Sanctorum under the 29th of
follows: The nymph, his mother, exposed him August. The Greek original, of which MSS. are
when an infant in a charming valley in a laurel extant in several libraries, has not yet been pub-
grove, from which he received his name of Daph- lished. 2. Apanthismata, that is, extracts from
nis, and for which he is also called the favourite of various works of St. Chrysostom, in thirty-three
Apollo. (Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. x. 26. ) He was chapters. They are printed in the editions of the
brought up by nymphs or shepherds, and he him- works of St. Chrysostom, vol. vii. p. 669, ed. Savil-
self became a shepherd, avoiding the bustling lius, and vol. vi. p. 663, ed. Ducaeus. (Fabric.
crowds of men, and tending his flocks on mount Bill. Graec. X. p. 385, &c. ; Cave, Hist. Lit. ii. p.
Aetna winter and summer. A Naiad (her name 316, ed. London, 1698. )
[L. S. ]
is different in different writers, Echenais, Xenea, DAPHNUS (Aáovos), a physician of Ephesus,
Nomia, or Lyce,-Parthen. Erot. 29 ; Schol. ad who is introduced by Athenaeus in his Deipnoso-
Theocrit. i. 65, vii. 73; Serv. ad Virg. Eclog. riii. phistae (i. p. 1) as a contemporary of Galen in the
68; Phylarg. ad Virg. Eclog. v. 20) fell in love second century after Christ. (W. A. G. )
with him, and made him promise never to form a DAPYX (ASTUS), the chief of a tribe of the
connexion with any other maiden, adding the Getae. When Crassus was in Thrace, B. C. 29,
threat that he should become blind if he violated Roles, another chief of the Getae, was at war with
For a time the handsome Daphnis re- Dapyx, and called in the assistance of Crassus.
sisted all the numerous temptations to which he Dapyx was defeated, and obliged to take refuge in
was exposed, but at last he forgot himself
, having a stronghold, where he was besieged. A Greek,
been made intoxicated by a princess. The Naiad who in the place, betrayed it to Crassus, and
accordingly punished him with blindness, or, as as soon as the Getae perceived the treachery, they
others relate, changed him into a stone. Previous killed one another, that they might not fall into
to this time he had composed bucolic poetry, and the hands of the Romans. Dapyx too ended his
with it delighted Artemis during the chase. Ac- life on that day. (Dion Cass. li. 26. ) [L. S. ]
cording to others, Stesichorus made the fate of DA'RDANUS (Aápdavos), a son of Zeus and
Daphnis the theme of his bucolic poetry, which Electra, the daughter of Atlas. He was the bro-
was the earliest of its kind. After having become ther of Jasus, Jasius, Jason, or Jasion, Aetion and
blind, he invoked his father to help him. The Harmonia, and his native place in the various tri-
à
TE
his row.
## p. 940 (#960) ############################################
940
DARDANUS
DAREIUS.
T:-
ditions is Arcadia, Crete, Troas, or Italy. (Serv. DARDANUS (Aápôaros), the fourth in de-
ad Virg. Aen. iii. 167.
) Dardanus is the mythi- scent froin Aesculapius, the son of Sostratus 1. ,
cal ancestor of the Trojans, and through them of and the father of Crisamis 1. , who lived probably
thic Romans. It is necessary to distinguish be in the cleventh century B. c. (lo. Tzetzes, Chil.
tween the earlier (reek legends and the later ones vii. Ilisi. 155, in fabric. Bibl. Grurc. vol. xii. p.
which we meet with in the poetry of Italy. Ac-080, ed. vet. )
(W. A. G. )
cording to the former, he was married to Chryse, the DAREIUS O: DARI'US (Aapeie's, Aaperaios,
daughter of Palas, in Arcadia, who bore him two Ctes. , Heb. 299 7. 7, 1. c. Daryavesh), the name of
sons, Idacus and Deimas. These sons ruled for
lime over the kingdom of Atlas in Arcadia, but then several kings of Persia. Like such names in
they separated on account of a great flood, and the general, it is no doubt a significant title. Hero-
calamities resulting from it. Deimas reinained in dotus (vi. 98) says that it means op eins ; but the
Arcadia, while Idaeus emigrated with his father, meaning of this Greek word is doubtful. Some
Dardanus. They first arrived in Samothrace, take it to be a form fülıricated by Herodotus him-
which was henceforth called Dardania, and after self, for jegías or pnktup, from the root ever (110),
having established a colony therc, they went to meaning the person who uchicves great things; but
Phrygia. Here Dardanus received a tract of land it is more probably derived from eipryw (restrain),
froni king Teucrus, on which he built the town of in the sense of the ruler. In modern Persian
Dardanus. At his marriage with Chryse, she had Dara or Durab means lord, which approaches very
brought him as a dowry the palladia and sacra of near to the form seen in the Persepolitan inscrip-
the great gods, whose worship she had learned, and tion, Darcush or Daryush (where the sh is no
which worship Dardanus introduced into Samothrace, doubt an adjective termination), as well as to the
though without making the people acquainted with Hebrew form. Precisely the same result is ob-
the names of the gods. Servius (ad Aen. viii. 285) tained from a passage of Strabo (xvi. p. 785), who
states, that he also instituted the Salii in Samo mentions, among the changes which names suffer
thrace. When he went to Phrygia he took the in passing from one language to another, that
images of the gods with him; and when, after saperos is a corruption of Aapeinhans, or, as Salma-
forming the plan of founding a town, he consulted sius has corrected it, of Aapiaúns, that is Daryuv.
the oracle, he was told, among other things, that This view also explains the form Aaperaios used
the town should remain invincible as long as the by Ctesias. The introduction of the y sound after
sacred dowry of his wife should be preserved in the in these forms is explained by Grotefend.
the country under the protection of Athena. After some writers have fancied that Herodotus, in say-
the death of Dardanus those palladia (others men- ing that Aapeios means épteins, and that Eépens
tion only one palladium) were carried to Troy by means áprios, was influenced in the choice of his
his descendants. When Chryse died, Dardanus words by their resemblance to the names ; and
married Bateia, the daughter of Teucrus, or Arisbe they add, as if it were a matter of course, the
of Crete, by whom he became the father of Erich simple fact, which contradicts their notion, that
thonius and Idaea (Hom. Il. xx. 215, &c. ; A pol- the order of correspondence must be inverted.
lod. iii. 12. $ 1, &c. , 15. § 3; Dionys. i. 61, (Bähr, Annot. ad loc. ) The matter is fully dis-
&c. ; Lycophr. 1302; Eustath. ad Il. p. 1204 ; cussed in Grotefend's Beilage zu Heeren's Ideen
Conon. Narr. 21; Strab. vii. p. 33); Paus. vii
. 4. (Asiatic Researches, vol. ii. Append. ii. )
$ 3, 19. $ 3; Diod. iv. 49 ; Serv. ad Aen. i. 32. ) 1. DAREIUS I. , the eldest son of Hystaspes
According to the Italian traditions, Dardanus (Gustasp), was one of the seven Persian chiefs who
was the son of Corythus, an Etruscan prince of destroyed the usurper Smerdis, after whose death
Corythus (Cortona), or of Zeus by the wife of Dareius obtained the throne. He was a member
Corvthus. (Serv. ad Aen. ix. 10, vii. 207. ) In a of the royal family of the Achaemenidae (Herod.
battle with the Aborigines, Dardanus lost his hel- i. 209), in a branch collateral to that of Cyrus.
met (Kópus); and although he was already beaten, The meaning of the genealogy given by Xerxes
he led his troops to a fresh attack, in order to re- | (Herod. vii. il) seems to be this:
cover his helmet. He gained the victory, and
Achaemenes.
called the place where this happened Corythus.
He afterwards emigrated with his brother Jasius
Teïspes.
from Etruria. Dardanus went to Phrygia, where
he founded the Dardanian kingdom, and Jasius
went to Samothrace, after they had previously
Cambyses.
Ariaramnes.
divided the Penates between themselves. (Serv.
ad Aen. iii. 15, 167, 170, vii. 207, 210. )
There
Cyrus.
Arsames.
are four other mythical personages of the name of
Dardanus. (Hom. Il. xx. 459 ; Eustath. ad Il.
Hystaspes.
pp. 380, 1697; Paus. viii. 24. § 2. ) [L. S. ]
DARDANUS (Aápsavos). 1. A Stoic philo-
Atossa – Dareius.
sopher and contemporary of Antiochus of Ascalon Cambyses. Smerdis.
(about B. c. 110), who was at the head of the
Xerxes.
Stoic school at Athens together with Mnesarchus.
(Cic. Acad. ii. 22; Zumpt, Ceber den Bestand der When Cyrus undertook his expedition against the
Philos. Schulen in Athen, p. 80. )
Massagetae, Dareius, who was then about twenty
2. A Greek sophist, a native of Assyria, is years old, was left in Persis, of which country his
mentioned by Philostratus (Tit. Soph. ii. 4) as the father Hystaspes was satrap. The night after the
teacher of Antiochus of Aegre, according to which passage of the Araxes, Cyrus dreamt that he saw
he must have lived in the second century after Dareius with wings on his shoulders, the one of
Christ.
[L. S. ] which overshadowed Asia and the other Europe.
## p. 941 (#961) ############################################
DAREIUS.
241
DAREIUS.
Inferring that Darcius had formed a conspiracy | which he paid to his revenues, and from his love of
against him, Cyrus sent back Il ystaspes into Persis money, Dareius was called by the Persians kános.
to watch his son. (llerod. i. 209, 210. ) Dareius (iii. 89, 117. ). A detailed account of his satrapics
attended Cambyses to Egypt as one of his body and revenues is given by llerodotus. (iii. 90, &c. )
guard. (Herod. iii. 139 ; Syloson. ) After the llis ordinary residence was at Susa, which he
detection of the imposture of the Magian, Dareius greatly improved. (Aclian, N. A. i. 59 ; Plin. II. X.
went to Susa just at the time when the conspiracy vi. 27. s. 31. )
against the usurper was formed, and he was asso- The seven months of the reign of Smerdis had
ciated with the six other conspirators, who, by his produced much confusion throughout the whole
advice, resolved to act without delay. (SMERDIS. ) empire. His remission of all taxes for three years,
The discussions among the Persian chiefs, which f it be true, must have caused Darcius some
ensued upon the death of the Magian, ended in trouble in reimposing them. It cannot be doubted
favour of the monarchical form of government, that the governors of the provinces would scize the
which was advocated by Dareius, and Dareius opportunity to assume a sort of independencc. llc
himself was chosen to ihe kingdom by a sign, have an example in the conduct of Oroctas, the
which had been agreed on by the conspirators, and governor of Sardis, who, in addition to his cruel
which Dareius, with the aid of his groom Oebares, and treacherous murder of Polycrates and other
contrived to obtain for himself, B. c. 521. This ac- acts of tyranny, put to death a noble Persian,
count, instead of being a fiction, is quite in ac-Mitrobates, the governor of Dascylium in Bithynia,
cordance with the spirit of the Persian religion. with his son, and killed a roval messenger whom
(Heeren's Asiatic Researches, ii. p. 350; comp. Dareius sent to rebuke him. Dareius was pre-
Tac. Germ. 10. )
vented from marching against Oroetas in person,
The usurpation of Smerdis seems to have been on account of his recent accession to the throne
an attempt on the part of the Medes to regain and the power of the offender; but one of his
their supremacy.
The conspirators against him courtiers, named Bagaeus, effected the death of
were noble Persians, and in all probability the Oroetas by gaining orer his body-guard of 1000
chiefs of Persian tribes. Their discussion about Persians.
