214): the sufferings of penance that the
Nirgranthas
impose upon themselves are, say the Nirgranthas, "retribution": "According to you, one experiences the retribution of a new retribution.
AbhidharmakosabhasyamVol-4VasubandhuPoussinPruden1991
Vydkhyd: tat pas'cad utpannam stricittam samartham bhavati tatkdyavidusandcittotpd- dane tatpatiputracittotpddane vd / kasmdt / tatgotratvdd iti / tatkdyavidusandcittam tatpatiputrddicittam vd gotram bijam asyeti tadgotram .
.
.
anyathety atadgotram.
131. Vydkhyd: atha punah parydyeneti vistarah / parydyena ayugapat / stricittat tatkdyavidusandcittam / tatas tatpaticittam / tatas tatputracittam / tata eva ca tadduhitrcittam / tata eva ca tadupakaranddicittam utpannam bhavati / tatah stricittdd anantarotpannebhyai cittebhyo yad bahutaram pravdhatah patutaram faktita dsannataram vdsyotpddyasya cittasya tad eva cittam utpadyate / tadbhdvanabalapatutvdt (MS. - balam yastvdt) tasya bahutarasya patutarasydsannatarasya vd bhdvandyd balavattaratvdt /
On bhdvand (hsiu j ^ , hsiu-hsi ^? ) or vdsand, see iv. 27d, 123c, vii. 28c, 30c, 32d, viii. 3d.
132. Vydkhyd: evan hy dhur iti sthavirardhulah. See also Vydkhyd (Petrograd edition, 1918), p. 6: sarvdkdram kdranam ekasya mayuracandrakasydpi /
ndsarvajfiair jHeyam sarvajnajndnabalam hi tat //
133. An observation that one reads in the Atthasdlini, 142, Milinda, 87, Ko/a, ii. 24, English trans, p. 190.
134. Vydkhyd: the VaiSesika.
135. The version of Hsuan-tsang strays from the original on many points: "If they say that the variety of the vijndnas (consciousnesses) depends (apeksa) on the variety of the conjunction (of the soul) with the manas, we answer: No; 1. because the conjunction of the soul with another thing is not proved; 2. because the conjunction of two things is delimited (fen-hsien frffi, ) (that is to say two things can be joined on only one side). They themselves define conjunction: "possession succeeding upon non-possession": the conjunction of the soul and the manas should be delimited; 3. because, if the manas changes {i-ch'uan ? ? ), the soul should also change; 4. or rather the soul should perish with the manas. If they say that conjunction is partial, we answer: No. For there are not diverse parts in one soul. To suppose that there is conjunction if the soul is permanent and if the manas is not modified (pieh-i ? ? ? ), how can conjunction be diverse? If they answer that (this diversity) depends on the diversity of buddhi, the difficulty is the same (as when they explain that variety depends on the manas): we then ask how buddhi is diverse. If they say that, through dependence on the samskdras, the conjunction of the soul and the manas is diverse (jo tai hsing pieh wo i ho che 1^? ^? ? ? ^^ ), it means that a single mind, through dependence on a variety of samskdras, produces the variety of the vijndnas. What then would be the purpose of the soul? "
136. Vydkhyd: na / anyasamyogdsiddheh / naitad evam / kasmdt / tdbhydm dtmananob- hydm anyasya samyogasydsiddheh / na hi samyogo ndma bhdvah kalcidasmdkam siddho'sti.
A Buddhist does not admit the existence of an entity called samyoga.
137. This is the definition of the Dasapadarthl, H. Ui, The Vaisesika Philosophy, 1917, p. 271. Stcherbatski quotes the Pras'astapdda: aprdptayoh prdptih samyogah, and observes that the Vai/esikasutra, vii. 2, 9, differs.
? 1376 Chapter Nine
138. Vydkhyd: paricchinnade/atvaprasangah /yatrdtmana tatra manahyatra mano na tatrdtmeti. (Where the soul is, there is no manas).
139. An addition of Paramartha.
140. Vydkhyd: tato laksandd aprdptipurvikd prdptih samyoga iti manahsamcdrddyam yam sariradefam manah samcarati tatas tata dtmd samcaraty apaititi prasajyate / todyatha yam yam prthivipradeiam purusah samcarati tatas tata dtapo'pasarpati / tathd ca satmiskriyat-
vam asya bddhitam bhavatiti sa eva pratijnadosah.
vindfasya vd / prasanga iti vartate / dtmana iti ca // yatra yatra manah samcarati tatra
tatrdtmd vinafyatiti sa eva cdtra pratijnodosa dtmano nityatvanivrtteh.
141. Vydkhyd: pradeiasamyoga iti cet / sydn matam dtmana pradehna samyogo manasah / dtmana va pradesena manasa saha samyogah / yasmin fartrapradefe mano'vasthitam bhavati tadgatendtmapradefena mano na samyujyate / pradeiantarena tu partvatah (MS -ntapdlvatah) samyujyate / tasmdd aprdptipurvakatve'pi samyogasya aprdptenaiva dtmapradeSena manah samyujyata iti // tan na / tasyaiva tatpradeiatvdyogdt / na hy dtmano'nyapradeidvidyante/ nacaivdtmaivadtmanahprade? oyujyate.
One can suppose that the manas, when it occupies a certain part of the body, is not in conjunction with the part of the soul which is found in this part of the body, but rather with the other parts of the soul. Conjunction follows non-conjunction: the manas, being displaced, is found in conjunction with a part of the soul with which it was not in conjunction, namely that which occupies the part of the body that the manas has just quit.
142. Vydkhyd: astu vd samyoga iti vistarah / abhyupetydpi samyogam tathdpi nirvikdratvdd avi/isfe manasi katham samyogavifesah katham visisfah samyogo bhavatiyata evam uktam manahsamyogaviiesdpeksatvdd iti / buddhaviiesdpeksatvdd iti cet sa evopari codyate katham buddhivihsa iti katham na nityam idrfam evotpadyate cittam avi/ispe dtmaniti / kdranaviiesdd hi kdryaviiesa isyate sankhapatahddi/abdavat / samskdravis'esdpeksdd dtmamanahsamyogdd iti cet / sydn matam nityam avifispe'py dtmani manasi ca samskdravis'esdpeksdd dtmamanasoh samyogad buddhivisesa iti / tad uktam bhavati samskdraviSesdd bhdvandvihsalaksandd dtmamanahsamyogavisesas tad (viiesdd buddhi) visesah / atra briimah cittdd evdstv iti vistarah /
143. Paramartha: If there is no "earth" by itself independent of the quality of smell, etc. , why does one say that earth has four qualities? In order to distinguish: in order that others may know that smells, tastes, etc. , receive the name of "earth," etc. , that there is not, separately, earth, etc. In the same way one says: "the reflection of wood. "
144. On samskdra, bhdvandvisesa, see H. Ui, p. 162.
145. On the paddrthas, gunas, and dravyas, see H. Ui, p. 93 and foil. Discussion of the gunin
and the guna, Koia, iii. lOOa-b.
146. Hsiian-tsang: But the object of the notion of "I" is not of this sort. The text has na tv
ahamkdrah; the Vydkhyd: na tv aham ity evamdkdrah pratyaya ity arthal? .
147. See above, p. 1341, line 2. ).
148. Vydkhyd: yathd tathoktam iti / yathd krtvdhayah saddyatanam tathoktam tadvikdravi- kdritvdd dsrayas caksurddaya ity arthah (i. 45a) / Paricaskandhakam bhavdn uddharatity adhikrtam.
Vasubandhu is referring to his work, the Pancaskandhaka.
149- According to Hsiian-tsang and to the Tibetan (Stcherbatski). Paramartha: "Kartar is one who creates that which did not exist; upabhoktar is one who presently obtains the result of a former action. "
150. Stcherbatski: the Logicians; Hsiian-tsang and Paramartha: "Those who explain
? the dharmalaksanas. " But Stcherbatski states that the definition of these masters is that of Pdnini, i. 4, 54: svatantrah kartd.
We see, Kofa, iii. 27 (p. 413), that the Grammarians, or Vaiyakaranas, protest against the thesis of "action without an agent" (akartrkd kriyd). In the same passage, certain masters (kecid vddinah) maintain that Pratityasamutpada supposes a support, namely an atman.
151. Vydkhyd: tasya tu svdtantryam ndstiti darsayann aha trividham cedarh karmeti vistarah / kdyasya cittaparat antra vrttih cittapravartitvdt kdyakarmanah / cittasydpi kdye vrttih svakdranaparatantrd manodharmamanaskdrddiparatantrd / tasydpy evam / tasya cittasvakdranasya svakdranaparatantrd vrttir Hi ndsti kasya cid api svdtantryam kdyasya cittasya cittakdranasydnyasya vd / pratyayaparatantrd hi sarve bhdvdh
caturbhis cittacaittd hi samdpattidvayam tribhih
dvdbhydm anye tu jayante iti vacandt (ii. 65) /
dtmano'pi ca nirapeksasya buddhivisesddyutpattdv akdranatvdbhyupagamdn na
svdtantryam sidhyati / tasmdn naivamlaksana iti svatantrah karteti.
152. Vydkhyd: tasydkdranatvam upadarsayann aha / . . . purvam smartavydrthe smrtir utpadyate / smrtei chandah kartukdmatd / chanddd vitarkah cetandvis'eso'bhisamskdrala- ksanafp prajndviseso'bhisamskdralaksanah prajnaviseso vdyogdcdranayena vaibhdsikanayena tv abhinirupandvikalpalaksanah (The MS is perhaps incorrect. Here Hsuan-tsang translates vitarka with the two characters which, elsewhere give vitarka-vicdra. For the Vaibhasikas, vitarka signifies here {abhi)nirupana vikalpa, one of the three vikalpas defined in Kosa, i. 33a; one type of prajn~d {prajfidvis'esa) which consists of examining, or deliberation. For the Yogacarins, vitarka signifies prajudviiesa abhisamskdralaksana: one prajnd which has the characteristic of action or decision. For the author, vitarka is a cetand, "volition," the characteristic of which is "to create" (abhisamskar) (Kos'a, i. l5a) / vitarkdt prayatno viryam
/ prayatndd vdyuh / tato vdyoh karma de/dntarotpattilaksanam iti kim atrdtmd kurute.
153. Vydkhyd: vijHdne pratisedhdd iti yaivopalabdhis tad eva vijndnam / vijndne cdtmanah sdmarthyam pratisiddham cittdd evdstu samskdravifesapeksan na hi. . . phutsvdhdndm iti / yathdtathoktam iti/ tadvikdravikdritvdddirayas caksurddaya iti (i. 45a-b) /yathdkah
kasydfrayah . . . naiva sa evam airayah (note 145).
154. According to the formula: na hi bhiksavah karmdni krtdny upacitdni bdhye prthividhdtau vipacyante / apitupdttesu skandhadhdtvdyatanesu. . . (Divya, 54 and passim). On sattvdkhya, updtta, see Kosa, i,10b, English trans, (p. 65), 34c (p. 98), 39 (p. 107), iv. 5d
(P- 569).
155. H. Ui, Vaisesika Philosophy, 75, 98; Kosa, iv. 2b (p. 555). 156. Above, p. 1347.
157. For the Sarvastivadins, the cause of retribution "gives forth" its fruit when it is past (ii. 57, 59); as a consequence, the past exists (v. 25a-b, p. 807). Vasubandhu remarked (v. p. 818) that the Sautrantikas do not admit that the result arises directly from action. For the different results of action, see iv. 85.
See Madhyamaka, xvii. 6 and following, "If an action lasts until its retribution, it would be eternal. . . " The doctrine that Vasubandhu presents here is refuted xvii. 12; the opinion of Candrakirti, xvii. 13: When an action arises, there also arises in the series a dharma unassociated with the mind, morally neutral, destroyed through bhdvand, that is called aviprandia, which produces the result of the action.
From another point of view, the ankura cannot arise from either the destroyed bija, or from a non-destroyed bija; Catustava, quoted in Madhyamakdvatdra, 97, Bodhicarydvatdra- parljikd, ix. 108.
158. For karmasamtdnaparindmavi/esa, see ii. 36c (p. 211).
Footnotes \? 1
? 1378 Chapter Nine
159. Hsuan-tsang: For example the mind "associated with attachment" at the end of life. Although there are some traces (vdsands) projected by all types of actions capable of producing a new existence, nevertheless that which manifests itself (at death), is (the mind) produced by heavy, near, and habitual action; not any other. There is a stanza . . .
160. Vydkhyd: yathoktam iti / sthavirardhulena / yad guru yac cdsanannam iti vistarah / ekasmin samtane catvdri karmdni gurv dsannam abhyastam purvakrtam ca / esdm caturnam guru karma pUrvam iti tribhyas tat purvam vipacyate / dsanndbhyastapurvakrtdndm apy dsannam purvam iti tat purvam dvdbhydm vipacyate / abhyastapurvakrtayos cdbhyastam purvam ity ekasmdt purvam vipacyate / asatsu etesu purvajanmakftam vipacyate dparaparyd-yavedaniyam.
An drya stanza, like note 166.
161. Better:. . . the capacity to produce the retributive result, the capacity that a cause places in the series . . . See Ko/a, iii. 37c This problem has been pointed out ad iv. 50, note 217, where one will find a part of this bibliography. The Andhakas affirm that vipdka is a vipdkadhamma: retribution admits of a new retribution (Kathdvatthu, vii. 10); the Rajagirikas and the Siddhatthikas, warranted by Suttanipdta 654, affirm: sabbam idam kammato; the Theravadin are made to say that the murderer commits murder through retribution for murder: and Nirvana becomes impossible {Kathdvatthu, xvii. 3). The Madhyamakavatara, vi. 41, demonstrates that there is no new vipdka after vipdka. In the Karmapraj&apti (Mdo. 62, fol. 249b), Maudgalyayana refutes the Nirgranthas who maintain that all sensation proceeds from previous actions (comp. Majjhima, ii.
214): the sufferings of penance that the Nirgranthas impose upon themselves are, say the Nirgranthas, "retribution": "According to you, one experiences the retribution of a new retribution. " "Do you admit purification, deliverance, Nirvana? " "Yes. " "Then do not say that a new retribution arises from retribution. "
We have seen, iv. 58, that daurmanasya and cittaksepa are not retribution; but they can necessarily proceed from troubled elements (mahdbhuta), which is retribution.
162. Here we have several words which I have not translated. According to Hsuan-tsang: ch'iehfeipiyil shihfachiehteng JUtMff^/fe&W # ="Theexampleisnot *//Wmtf-totally-similar," and according to Paramartha: tz'u chung i-ch'ieh so-li-iyiipi-i pu-pi hsi t'ung jtfc^--Wft&W%MWf<&J&M = "Here the meaning estab- lished by all should not be totally parallel with the meaning of the example. "
The Japanese editor puts this phrase in the mouth of Vasubandhu; the same for Stcherbatski, who translates: "The example may not fit in every detail. But even supposing it to be fitting, does it prove your tenet? Is new corn produced directly from old corn? "
Further, p. 1354 line 28 Hsuan-tsang, concluding his explanation of this example says: ku yii t'ung fa SfcB^l^lffi : "Thus the example is parallel (sadharma)"; Paramartha: tz'u pi yii li-i t'ung lfcfcfifli? il|eiJ : "Thus the example is analogous to the established meaning," or "Thus this example confirms our thesis. "
163. We follow the version of Hsiian-tsang. Compare the whole of the paragraph of the Bodhicarydvatdra, 472-473.
Vydkhyd: viklittivihsajdd iti bhumyudakasambandhat phalasya silksmo vikdro viklittih / tasya vi/esah / sa evdtiprakrstah / tasmdj jdto vikdraviiesah / tasmdt phaldntaram utpadyate / kidrsad vikdravisesdditidarfayann aha/yo hi tatra bhutaprakdro'nkuram nirvartayati sa tasya bijam iti tasydnkurasya bijam ndnyo bhutaprakdro na purvabijdvastho bhutaprakdra ity arthah // bhdvinyd tu samjnayeti / odanam pacati saktum pinastiti yathd bhdvinydsamjnayd vyapadesah evam purvako'pi samtdno aviklinnabijdvastho bijam ity dkhydyate / bhavinyd'nayd samjnayeti / sddrsydd veti viklittivisesajena bhutavikdravifesena sadrfah sa purvakah samtdna iti krtvd bijam ity dkhydyate /
164. On vipdkajat see i. 37 English trans, (p. 103), ii. 10, 53b (p. 270), 54c (p. 275), 57a (p. 288), 71b (p. 315),iv. ll.
? 165. Vydkhyd: phale raktah kesara iti phaldbhyantare kesarah / yatra bijapurakarase dmlo'vatisphate / / na ca sa tasmdt punar anya iti / na rasaraktah kesaras tasmdd uktdt kesardt punar upajdyate kirh tarhi prdkrta evdraktah kesara upajdyata ity arthah / / idam atroddharanam / yathd Idksdrasaraktamdtulahgapuspaphaldd (MS. Idksdrasaram tat md? ) raktakesardn na raktam kesardntaram punar bhavati evarh karmajdd vipdkdn na punar vipdkdntaram iti / aha cdtra /
cittam hy etad anantabijasahitam samtdnato vartate /
tat tad bijam upaiti puspim udite svapratyaye cetasi /
tat pustam drumalabdhavrtti phaladam kdlena sampadyate /
rahgasyeva hi mdtulangakusume'nyas tasya tatkesare / / punar aha /
karpdsabije puspe ca mdtulangasya ranjite /
Idksayd jdyate raktam yathd karpdsakesaram //
tasminn astam ite range samtdndd bhdvitakramdt /
karmany astam ite caiva bhdvandtah phalodayah //
To these stanzas one should compare those quoted in the Sarvadarsana (beginning of
the chapter on Jainism):
yasminn eva samtana dhitd karmavdsand / phalarhtatraivabadhndtikdrpdseraktatdyathd //
kusume bijapurdder yal laksddy upasicyate /
iaktir ddhiyate tatra kd cit tarn kirn na pasyasi //
The first of these stanzas is quoted in the Bodhicarydvatdra, ix, 73 (introduced by tad
uktam); compare Anandagiri ad 2. 2. 27 (vdsandvaicitrydt), and the Atmatattvaviveka (Calcutta, 1873) p. 102 {Idksdrasdvasekdd vd dhavalimdnam apahdya raktatdm updddyanu- vartamdnam kdrpdsabijam . . . ). The first line of the second stanza is used by Kumarila, Slokavdrttika, p. 267. On these different sources, see "Bouddhisme d'apre's les sources brahmaniques," Mustfon, 1902 (quoted in part, p. 63).
166. Forming without doubt part of the same work as the stanza, note 160.
Vydkhyd: karmeti sarvam tadbhdvanam karmabhdvandm tasmdd bhdvandyd vrttildbham tadvrttildbham tatas tadvrttildbhdt phalam ity etac catustayam niyamena yadrcchayd / buddhdd anyah irdvakddih sarvathd sarvdkdram na prajdndtity arthad uktam bhavati buddha eva tat sarvam sarvathd prajdndtiti.
167. Understand: "looks towards Nirvana" or "sees in this doctrine. "
168. Paramartha adds a stanza here: The Buddha Bhagavat says to Purna, 'Strive to keep this Dharma, for he who cultivates insight and conduct according to this Dharma will of necessity obtain the five qualities'.
169. Vydkhyd: a. itikaranah parisamdptyarthah / pradariandrtho vd // esdm buddhdndm pravacanadharmatdrh suvihitena hetor mdrgena hetumdrgena iuddhdrh niravadydrh niiamya drstvd // andhds ttrthyd yathdbhutadarsanavaikalydt / kutsitd drstih kudrspih / tasyds cestitdni kudrspicestititdni / vividhdni kudrspicespitdny esdm iti vividhakudrspicespi- tah / svar gap agargahetdv apratipannd mithydpratipannds cety arthah / / tasmdd evamvidhdndm kapilolukddindm matam darsanam apavidhya tyaktvdydnti sarhsdrdn nirvdnam iti vdkyddhydhdrah / ke te sattvdh / prajn"dcaksusmanta dryasrdvakdh // atha vd tarn eva pravacanadharmatdrh ydnti pratipadyanta ity arthah /
pravacanadharmatd punar atra nairdtmyam buddhdnusdsani vd // anya dhuh / pravacanam sutradidvadasangavacogaUm / tasya dharmatd svdkhydtatdyuktyupetatvdn nirvdnaprav atd ca nirvdnadyotanat / yathoktam / sarva ime dharma nirvdnapravandh nirvdnaprdg- bhdrdh nirvdnam evdbhivadanto'bhivadantiti / andtmasamjninai ca nirvdne sdntasamjndb samtisphante dtmoccheddsankdpagamdd iti tad evam anandhd eva ydnti ndndhdh / andhds
tu bhramanty eva samsdrdrnave nairdtmyam apaiyantah / tad darsayann aha imam hitivistarah /
Footnotes 1379
? 1380 Chapter Nine
b. iyam nirdtmatd / nirvanam eva purarh nirvdnapuram / tasyaikd vartaniti nirvdnapuraikamdrgo ndnyo mdrga ity arthah / / tathagata evddityo gambhiradharmdva- kdsakatvdd ddityabhutas tathdgatah / tasya vacdrhsi / tdny evdmiavah / fair bhdsvati dlokavati tathdgatddityavacomsubhdsvati // drydndm sahasrair vdhitety dryasahasravdhitd // vivrtd samitd // imam nirvdnapuraikavartantm tathdgatddityavacomsubhasvatim vivrtdm api nirdtmatdm prajHdcaksuso visadasydbhdvdd avidydkosapafala-paryavanaddha- netratvdd vd mandacaksus tirthiko vdtsiputriyo vd neksate /
trayas ceha mdrgagund varnyante / tadyathaikdyanatdabhipretadeiaprdyandt / sdlokatd yato nth sank o gacchati / ydtdnuydtatd ca parimarditasthdnukantakdditvddyena sukham gacchati / tatsddharmyeneyam nirdtmatd variant drastavyd / / caturbhii ca kdranair mdrgo
na vidyate sa ( - - ) tamaskatayd / prakdfito'py ddityena avdhitatayd / bahupurusavdhito'py dvrtatayd vivrto'pi draspur mandacaksuskataya / tesdm ihaikam eva kdranam asya mdrgasyddar/ana uktam /yato drasprdosenaivdyam mdrgo na drsyate na mdrgadosenetiyata esa mandacaksur etdm na paiyatity avagantavyam /
c. iti digmdtram evedam iti sarvam iti yathoktam / dig eva digmdtram / evakdrdrtho mdtraiabdah / dik pramdnam asyeti digmdtram iti vd / mahato'bhidharmasastrdd alpam idam upadispam / mayeti vakyasesah // kefdm / sumedhasdm matimatdm ity arthah / tddarthye sastht / kimvad ity aha / vranadeie visasyeva svasdmarthyavisarpina iti / yathd visam svasdmarthydd vranadesam prdpya sarvesv angapratyangesv abhyantarvisarpatiti matvd kena cit tasya vranadesah krtah katham ndmedam visarpatiti / evam sumedhasah svasdmarthyavisarpitvdd visasthdniyd ity atas tesdm sumedhasdm udghapitajndnam prdjridndm idam upadispam mayd katham alpena grant hena mahad abhidharmafdstram kdimiravaibhdsikanitisiddham arthatah pratipadyerann iti // apare punar vydcaksate digmdtram evedam itidam eva nairdtmyapratisedham adhikrtyoktam iti / kdimiravaibhd- sikanitisiddhah prdyo maydyam kathito'bhidharma ity (viii. 40) anenaivdrthasydbhihitatvdd iti.
? INDEX
(This Index contains references to items in the text of the Abhidharmakosabhdsyam, as well as to significant entries in the Footnotes. )
A
abandoning (prahdna), 111-3,157,173-4, 209-10,213-4,217,220,227,235, 263, 273-4, 282-3,285,290,702, 859, 964-5, 906, 937-8, 944-5, 951, 978,981,983,985,990,992-4,1006, 1015,1020-1,1023,1028,1037-9, 1094, 1112, 1125, 1146-7, 1219, 1233,1237,1258,1273,1329,1331, 1348; abandoning of defilements, 772-6, 779, 783-4, 786-9, 792-5, 804-5,820-6,828,836-40,844-6, 853-6, 860-4, 866-7, 872a, 890-2n. , 895,918,929,940,950,1,953-5, 957-8,962-4,973-5,992-3,994-5,
1004-5,1008-9,1018,1035-6,1038- 40, 1087, 1097-8, 1150, 1252, 1268; Path of Abandoning, 672-3, 705, 1021, 1268, 1273; see also Irresisti- ble Path; Right Abandonings, see samyakprahadnas.
Abhasvara, 237, 375-6,470,477-8. abhdva; see non-existence abhibhvdyatanas (dominent dyatanas),
87-8, 320,1148,1275-9. Abhidharma, 56-8,99,193-5,207,233,
243,286, 391,405,410,429, 577, 768-9, 772, 908-9,1008-9, 1237, 1281-2,1310-la, 1335; Abhidharma Treatise, 86.
Abhidharmakoia, 55-6
Abhidharmikas, 80,118,130,195,255, 299, 357, 425, 439, 474, 605-6, 774, 791,902,903,915,941,922,1100.
abhidhyd; see greed
abhijnd (higher knowledge), 87,300,371,
392, 1332; result of higher knowl-
edge (abhijndphala), 315-8 abhimdna, 784-5.
Abhimoksas, 1137.
abhinirvrtti; see re-existence. abhisamaya; see comprehension. Absence of Contention; see Samadhi
Absence of contention.
absolute truth (paramdrthasatya), 910-11,
1108.
absorption (samdpatti), 66, 93, 98, 103,
129, 165-6, 170-1, 176, 178-9, 181, 189-91,222-33,236-7,267,270,276, 290, 298-9, 305-6, 310, 325, 367-9, 376-7, 447-8, 562-4, 641-2, 655, 665-6, 672, 691, 694, 705, 762n. , 771-2, 785, 800, 830, 852-3, 862, 913, 922, 925, 935-6 941-2, 969, 975-6, 981, 984, 989, 999-1001, 1006-8,1011,1016-20,1022-3,1028, 1102,1116,1137,1146,1149,1151, 1160,1168,1172-3,1215-82 passim; faculty of absorption, 130,135,157, 159,162,167,182; two absorptions, 206,223,228-30,232-3,235,254,
? 1382 Index
301-2, 305; see also Arupya Sama-
pattis, asamjnisa- mdpattis, niro- dhasamapatti, samadhi, Vajropa- masamadhi.
adhimoksa; see aspiration, intention. adhimukti, 335-6n. , 918-9, 921, 1268;
see also approval, imagination. adhipati, 263, 287, 303.
adhipatiphala (predominating result),
266, 279, 287-9, 291.
adhipatipratyaya (predominating condition), 263,296, 303, 305-6, 308.
ddhipatya (indirect predominance), 287.
adhiprajndm, 978, 984.
adhiitlam, 978, 984.
adhisthdna; see deeds,
adultery, 641,644,648,664-5,667,787. affection (preman), 87,201-2,835-6,
1113-4,1146-7,1338.
Agamas (Traditions), 249, 996,1281. agent, 117-8, 256, 291, 578-80, 589,
591, 814, 1111, 1331,1340, 1342-
3,1351-2.
agradrsti, 789
ahamkdravastu (idea of self), 916; see
also satkdyadrsti. Airdvana, 787.
air, 922-3.
airydpathika (mind), 169, 315-6, 318-9, 925; see also mind.
Ajata? atru, 664.
Ajivika, 368-9
Ajlvikas, 816.
djfia, 163, 177, 184, 228. djndsydmi (pure organs), 183-4. djndsydmindriya, 179, 182-4. Ajnata, 592.
Ajnatakaundinya, 592.
djndtdvin, 163, 184.
djndtavindriya, 130,157,159,162- 3,
177, 181-2,184
Akanisthas, Heaven of, 366, 370, 467,
470-1,967-9, 973, 975, 977,979. dkara\ see aspect.
akaranasamvara, 604
abstention (akarananiyama), 609, 638.
566-7,
Acarya, 309.
accumulation (aupacayika). 103-5, 253- 4, 289,924.
action (karma), 68,73,91,103-4,116-8,
165, 169-70, 173, 189-91, 197, 229, 233-5, 237, 275-7, 283, 289, 308-9, 372-3, 394, 399-404,406-7, 413-5, 417-9, 422, 437-8, 551-708 passim, 767, 804, 807, 811, 813-4, 818-9, 848, 909, 937, 942-3, 961, 964-5,971,1010,1025,1113,1148, 1176, 1180, 1217, 1223, 1225, 1280,1331,1334,1340,1342-3, 1346,1349,1351-3,1355; bodily action, 65, 68, 71, 92, 112-3, 214, 275,309,552,559,561,564-5, 568-9, 571, 574-5, 589,618,634-5, 638-9, 643, 655, 658, 671, 694-6, 700, 703, 707, 942, 1162, 1241, 1352; mental action, 441, 552, 559,571,634-5,638-9,685-9, 707,942,1163,1352; vocal action, 65,68,71,92, 112-3,214,275, 309, 552, 559, 561, 564-5, 568-9, 571-2, 574-5, 589, 618, 634-5, 638-9,643,653,655,658,671, 681, 694-6, 700, 703, 707, 942-3, 1162, 1173-4, 1241, 1352; see also avijnapti, mithydkarmdnta, Right Action, vijnapti.
ddhdrahetu (supporting cause), 309 adharma, 555, 650, 1352.
adhicitta siksa (higher mental learn-
ing), 1217.
adhicittam, 978, 984. adhigama (holiness), 1281. adhimdna, 784-6.
? dkdsa; see space
AkaSanantyayatana, 366, 471, 863, 1220, 1226,1244,1249,1271. Akincanyayatana, 178,237, 322, 366,
471,954,987,1017,1220,1224, 1226, 1249,1251.
Akopyadharmans (Immovable Ones), 979, 991, 999-1003, 1007, 1011- 13, 1015-6, 1076-7n. , 1132, 1149- 50,1152,1261.
akusalamahdbhumikas, 189, 195, 198- 9, 850.
dlambaka, 304-5, 1117.
dlambana\ see object. dlambanapratighdta, 90. dlambanapratyaya (an object as condi-
tion), 279, 296, 302-5, 1321. alcohol; see liquor.
dlokasamjnd, 851.
amaravitarka, 852.
Amrapall, 381. Anabhisamskaraparinirvayin, 966-7,
969-70.
Anabhrakas, 366, 469-70.
Anagamins, 178-80,230, 331n. , 386,
441-2, 628, 731, 690,973-81, 985, 987, 994-5, 999,1015,1019,1091, 1131-2; types of Anagamins, 966- 81.
Anagamya, 178-80, 267, 321-2, 436, 585-6, 591,716n. , 792,862-3,936, 956, 981-2, 988-9, 1014, 1022, 1030, 1118, 1127, 1139, 1243, 1254, 1262, 1267-8, 1295-6n.
andjndtamdjndsydmindriya, 130,157, 159,162-3,169,171-2,174,177-8, 181.
Ananda, 402, 784,904, 1335. dnantaryamdrga\ see Irresistible Path. dndpdnasmrta, see breathing, mindful-
ness of.
anapatrapya\ see fear, absence of. andsrava, see Path, pure or transworldly.
andtman; see non-self. Anavatapta, Lake, 456. ancient Masters, 231. androgynes, 171, 940. Arigdrakarsupama, 1009-10.
anger, 196,198-9,639,659,664-5, 667-9, 768, 772-4, 793-4, 798-9, 804-5,837-8,842-4,849,851-2, 961,964,995,1101,1106,1111, 1150.
animals, 256, 365,371-2, 381, 386, 397, 451,460,472-3,477-8,634,642-4, 668-9,679,681,693,798,1130, 1337.
dnimittasamidhi, 1256-60.
Aniruddha, the Sthavira, 677-8 unityatd\ see impermanence. anivrtavydkrtas; see dharmas, undefiled-
neutral.
aniyatas, 196-8
annihilation, 776-7, 782, 827, 1335,
1337.
antagrdhadrsti (belief in extremes),
197-8 673-4, 772-3, 776-7, 781-2, 790-1, 797-9, 827, 836, 838-9, 1005,1109,1334-7.
antahkalpaSy All.
Antara, Gods of, 387.
antarabhava (intermediate existence),
106-7, 154, 236, 310, 371-3, 375, 381, 383,385-8, 390-1,393-4,399, 438-9,441-2,628-9,959,962,966, 970-1,974-5,979-80,1160,1176.
antarakalpas, 471-2,m 475-9, 682. Antaraparinirvayins, 386-8,442,966,
969-74,979-80,999.
anulaksanas, (secondary characteristics),
112,239-41,257-9,261.
anumdna, see inference.
anupasyand, 927.
anuprapti, (secondary possession), 112,
218.
dnupurvaka, 111-9, 868.
Index 1383
? 1384 Index
Anuraksanadharmans,979,1000,1002-4. anus, 158-60.
anusayas\ see defilements. anutpadajftana; see Knowledge of non-
Arising.
anuvrtti (supporting cause), 568. anvayajndnaksantis; see Patiences of
Inferential Knowledge. anyonyathdtva (mutual difference),
808-9.
Aparantakas, 598, 799.
apathy (middha), 196,199.
apatrdpya; see fear. Aparihanadharmans, 1007.
appearence (prabhava), 1113-4, 1259,
1343; aspect of appearence, 1110-
3,1115. application, 947.
application of mindfulness (smrtyupa sthdna); see also foundations of mindfulness.
approval, 189-90; see also adhimukti. apramada\ see diligence. Apramanabhas, 237, 366, 375,470. Apramdnas', see immeasurables. aprdpti (non-possession), 206-7,210,
212,215-20,254,662,938. apratisamkhydnirodha, 59-61, 134-5n. , 207,21-3,281,575,937,1226,
12275.
aptitude; see prasrabdhi.
Arama, 918.
aranasamdtti, see samadhi Absence of
Contention.
arbuda (embryo), 262.
Arbuda (Hell), 459,473.
Arhantis, 690.
Arhats, 75, 114, 162, 165-7, 177, 179,
181, 184, 207, 219, 227, 230-1, 244, 293-4, 297, 301, 310, 314, 322-5, 409, 411-2, 441-2, 446, 448-9, 455, 473, 484-5, 563, 596, 601-2, 615, 628, 631-2, 636, 638,
657, 675,679, 685-7,689-90,699, 828, 867-8, 923, 954, 961, 963-4, 975-6,979-81,983,985,991,998, 1006-13,1015,1034,1076-7n. , 1090-1,1124,1134,1136,1149, 1165, 1176, 1249-50, 1261, 1335; Path of Arhats, 961,997,1017; types of Arhats, 999-1004.
arising, 60-1, 89, 109-111, 184-5, 188, 208-9, 218, 232, 252, 255-6, 258- 60, 263-6, 271-2, 278-9, 281-3, 288-9, 291, 294, 296-8, 300-1, 304-9,383,385,410-1,413-7,442, 568-9,616-8,677-8,767,769,771, 820,854-5,858-9,898,901,912-3, 915-6,924,930,932,935,938, 941-2, 944-8, 965, 967, 976, 981, 1010,1018,1036-7,1113,1126, 1134-5,1153,1226,1239,1257, 1259,1268,1324,1330-1,1341, 1346,1353; arising of absorptions, 1244,1246,1248,1261-2,1280; arising of conditioned dharmas, 238-50; arising of defilements, 826-8,1247,1275; arisungof minds, 310-23; arising of vijtlapti and avijnapti, 552-6, 568-9; aspect of arising, 1110, 1112-3,1115,1258; see also Arising, Truth of.
Arising, Truth of, 76, 201-2, 778-9, 793, 821-2, 825, 836, 853-4, 860, 865,896,898,908,946,997,1039, 1089-91,1094,1110-3,1115,1125, 1127,1258.
arrogance, 204, 596-7.
arthdbhijHd, 653.
Arthavargiya (stanza), 70.
Arupya Samapattis, 1151, 1159, 1244,
1249-53, 1256, 1262, 1273, 1280;
see also Arupyas.
Arupyadhatu, 83,93,95,106-7,173,
176-7, 180-1, 183, 139, 202-3, 212-3, 215, 230, 234-7, 253, 256,
? 268,270,276,365-9,373,377, 388, 391, 401, 433-6, 442, 471, 495, 572, 591, 616, 618, 620, 622, 628, 635, 659-60,665-6,668-9, 771-2,774-5,790,793,797,822-3, 825, 829-30, 840, 861-2, 867-8, 902,924,945,961,969-70,973-5, 979-80,987,999,1015,1090,1096, 1107,1118,1121,1151,1160-1, 1219, 1221-6,1241-2,1245,1247, 1252, 1271-3, 1275, 1277-80, 1284-5n. ; description of Arupya- dhatu, 366-8; types of mind in Arupyadhatu,
Arupyaga (var. Arupyopaga), 969-70. Arupyas, 87, 181, 267, 377, 388, 439, 572, 668, 793, 849, 863, 936, 956, 969, 981-2, 986-9, 1015, 1017, 1022, 1030, 1118, 1129, 1139, 1148, 1159, 1215, 1219-27, 1229, 1272-4,1278,1286-7n.
131. Vydkhyd: atha punah parydyeneti vistarah / parydyena ayugapat / stricittat tatkdyavidusandcittam / tatas tatpaticittam / tatas tatputracittam / tata eva ca tadduhitrcittam / tata eva ca tadupakaranddicittam utpannam bhavati / tatah stricittdd anantarotpannebhyai cittebhyo yad bahutaram pravdhatah patutaram faktita dsannataram vdsyotpddyasya cittasya tad eva cittam utpadyate / tadbhdvanabalapatutvdt (MS. - balam yastvdt) tasya bahutarasya patutarasydsannatarasya vd bhdvandyd balavattaratvdt /
On bhdvand (hsiu j ^ , hsiu-hsi ^? ) or vdsand, see iv. 27d, 123c, vii. 28c, 30c, 32d, viii. 3d.
132. Vydkhyd: evan hy dhur iti sthavirardhulah. See also Vydkhyd (Petrograd edition, 1918), p. 6: sarvdkdram kdranam ekasya mayuracandrakasydpi /
ndsarvajfiair jHeyam sarvajnajndnabalam hi tat //
133. An observation that one reads in the Atthasdlini, 142, Milinda, 87, Ko/a, ii. 24, English trans, p. 190.
134. Vydkhyd: the VaiSesika.
135. The version of Hsuan-tsang strays from the original on many points: "If they say that the variety of the vijndnas (consciousnesses) depends (apeksa) on the variety of the conjunction (of the soul) with the manas, we answer: No; 1. because the conjunction of the soul with another thing is not proved; 2. because the conjunction of two things is delimited (fen-hsien frffi, ) (that is to say two things can be joined on only one side). They themselves define conjunction: "possession succeeding upon non-possession": the conjunction of the soul and the manas should be delimited; 3. because, if the manas changes {i-ch'uan ? ? ), the soul should also change; 4. or rather the soul should perish with the manas. If they say that conjunction is partial, we answer: No. For there are not diverse parts in one soul. To suppose that there is conjunction if the soul is permanent and if the manas is not modified (pieh-i ? ? ? ), how can conjunction be diverse? If they answer that (this diversity) depends on the diversity of buddhi, the difficulty is the same (as when they explain that variety depends on the manas): we then ask how buddhi is diverse. If they say that, through dependence on the samskdras, the conjunction of the soul and the manas is diverse (jo tai hsing pieh wo i ho che 1^? ^? ? ? ^^ ), it means that a single mind, through dependence on a variety of samskdras, produces the variety of the vijndnas. What then would be the purpose of the soul? "
136. Vydkhyd: na / anyasamyogdsiddheh / naitad evam / kasmdt / tdbhydm dtmananob- hydm anyasya samyogasydsiddheh / na hi samyogo ndma bhdvah kalcidasmdkam siddho'sti.
A Buddhist does not admit the existence of an entity called samyoga.
137. This is the definition of the Dasapadarthl, H. Ui, The Vaisesika Philosophy, 1917, p. 271. Stcherbatski quotes the Pras'astapdda: aprdptayoh prdptih samyogah, and observes that the Vai/esikasutra, vii. 2, 9, differs.
? 1376 Chapter Nine
138. Vydkhyd: paricchinnade/atvaprasangah /yatrdtmana tatra manahyatra mano na tatrdtmeti. (Where the soul is, there is no manas).
139. An addition of Paramartha.
140. Vydkhyd: tato laksandd aprdptipurvikd prdptih samyoga iti manahsamcdrddyam yam sariradefam manah samcarati tatas tata dtmd samcaraty apaititi prasajyate / todyatha yam yam prthivipradeiam purusah samcarati tatas tata dtapo'pasarpati / tathd ca satmiskriyat-
vam asya bddhitam bhavatiti sa eva pratijnadosah.
vindfasya vd / prasanga iti vartate / dtmana iti ca // yatra yatra manah samcarati tatra
tatrdtmd vinafyatiti sa eva cdtra pratijnodosa dtmano nityatvanivrtteh.
141. Vydkhyd: pradeiasamyoga iti cet / sydn matam dtmana pradehna samyogo manasah / dtmana va pradesena manasa saha samyogah / yasmin fartrapradefe mano'vasthitam bhavati tadgatendtmapradefena mano na samyujyate / pradeiantarena tu partvatah (MS -ntapdlvatah) samyujyate / tasmdd aprdptipurvakatve'pi samyogasya aprdptenaiva dtmapradeSena manah samyujyata iti // tan na / tasyaiva tatpradeiatvdyogdt / na hy dtmano'nyapradeidvidyante/ nacaivdtmaivadtmanahprade? oyujyate.
One can suppose that the manas, when it occupies a certain part of the body, is not in conjunction with the part of the soul which is found in this part of the body, but rather with the other parts of the soul. Conjunction follows non-conjunction: the manas, being displaced, is found in conjunction with a part of the soul with which it was not in conjunction, namely that which occupies the part of the body that the manas has just quit.
142. Vydkhyd: astu vd samyoga iti vistarah / abhyupetydpi samyogam tathdpi nirvikdratvdd avi/isfe manasi katham samyogavifesah katham visisfah samyogo bhavatiyata evam uktam manahsamyogaviiesdpeksatvdd iti / buddhaviiesdpeksatvdd iti cet sa evopari codyate katham buddhivihsa iti katham na nityam idrfam evotpadyate cittam avi/ispe dtmaniti / kdranaviiesdd hi kdryaviiesa isyate sankhapatahddi/abdavat / samskdravis'esdpeksdd dtmamanahsamyogdd iti cet / sydn matam nityam avifispe'py dtmani manasi ca samskdravis'esdpeksdd dtmamanasoh samyogad buddhivisesa iti / tad uktam bhavati samskdraviSesdd bhdvandvihsalaksandd dtmamanahsamyogavisesas tad (viiesdd buddhi) visesah / atra briimah cittdd evdstv iti vistarah /
143. Paramartha: If there is no "earth" by itself independent of the quality of smell, etc. , why does one say that earth has four qualities? In order to distinguish: in order that others may know that smells, tastes, etc. , receive the name of "earth," etc. , that there is not, separately, earth, etc. In the same way one says: "the reflection of wood. "
144. On samskdra, bhdvandvisesa, see H. Ui, p. 162.
145. On the paddrthas, gunas, and dravyas, see H. Ui, p. 93 and foil. Discussion of the gunin
and the guna, Koia, iii. lOOa-b.
146. Hsiian-tsang: But the object of the notion of "I" is not of this sort. The text has na tv
ahamkdrah; the Vydkhyd: na tv aham ity evamdkdrah pratyaya ity arthal? .
147. See above, p. 1341, line 2. ).
148. Vydkhyd: yathd tathoktam iti / yathd krtvdhayah saddyatanam tathoktam tadvikdravi- kdritvdd dsrayas caksurddaya ity arthah (i. 45a) / Paricaskandhakam bhavdn uddharatity adhikrtam.
Vasubandhu is referring to his work, the Pancaskandhaka.
149- According to Hsiian-tsang and to the Tibetan (Stcherbatski). Paramartha: "Kartar is one who creates that which did not exist; upabhoktar is one who presently obtains the result of a former action. "
150. Stcherbatski: the Logicians; Hsiian-tsang and Paramartha: "Those who explain
? the dharmalaksanas. " But Stcherbatski states that the definition of these masters is that of Pdnini, i. 4, 54: svatantrah kartd.
We see, Kofa, iii. 27 (p. 413), that the Grammarians, or Vaiyakaranas, protest against the thesis of "action without an agent" (akartrkd kriyd). In the same passage, certain masters (kecid vddinah) maintain that Pratityasamutpada supposes a support, namely an atman.
151. Vydkhyd: tasya tu svdtantryam ndstiti darsayann aha trividham cedarh karmeti vistarah / kdyasya cittaparat antra vrttih cittapravartitvdt kdyakarmanah / cittasydpi kdye vrttih svakdranaparatantrd manodharmamanaskdrddiparatantrd / tasydpy evam / tasya cittasvakdranasya svakdranaparatantrd vrttir Hi ndsti kasya cid api svdtantryam kdyasya cittasya cittakdranasydnyasya vd / pratyayaparatantrd hi sarve bhdvdh
caturbhis cittacaittd hi samdpattidvayam tribhih
dvdbhydm anye tu jayante iti vacandt (ii. 65) /
dtmano'pi ca nirapeksasya buddhivisesddyutpattdv akdranatvdbhyupagamdn na
svdtantryam sidhyati / tasmdn naivamlaksana iti svatantrah karteti.
152. Vydkhyd: tasydkdranatvam upadarsayann aha / . . . purvam smartavydrthe smrtir utpadyate / smrtei chandah kartukdmatd / chanddd vitarkah cetandvis'eso'bhisamskdrala- ksanafp prajndviseso'bhisamskdralaksanah prajnaviseso vdyogdcdranayena vaibhdsikanayena tv abhinirupandvikalpalaksanah (The MS is perhaps incorrect. Here Hsuan-tsang translates vitarka with the two characters which, elsewhere give vitarka-vicdra. For the Vaibhasikas, vitarka signifies here {abhi)nirupana vikalpa, one of the three vikalpas defined in Kosa, i. 33a; one type of prajn~d {prajfidvis'esa) which consists of examining, or deliberation. For the Yogacarins, vitarka signifies prajudviiesa abhisamskdralaksana: one prajnd which has the characteristic of action or decision. For the author, vitarka is a cetand, "volition," the characteristic of which is "to create" (abhisamskar) (Kos'a, i. l5a) / vitarkdt prayatno viryam
/ prayatndd vdyuh / tato vdyoh karma de/dntarotpattilaksanam iti kim atrdtmd kurute.
153. Vydkhyd: vijHdne pratisedhdd iti yaivopalabdhis tad eva vijndnam / vijndne cdtmanah sdmarthyam pratisiddham cittdd evdstu samskdravifesapeksan na hi. . . phutsvdhdndm iti / yathdtathoktam iti/ tadvikdravikdritvdddirayas caksurddaya iti (i. 45a-b) /yathdkah
kasydfrayah . . . naiva sa evam airayah (note 145).
154. According to the formula: na hi bhiksavah karmdni krtdny upacitdni bdhye prthividhdtau vipacyante / apitupdttesu skandhadhdtvdyatanesu. . . (Divya, 54 and passim). On sattvdkhya, updtta, see Kosa, i,10b, English trans, (p. 65), 34c (p. 98), 39 (p. 107), iv. 5d
(P- 569).
155. H. Ui, Vaisesika Philosophy, 75, 98; Kosa, iv. 2b (p. 555). 156. Above, p. 1347.
157. For the Sarvastivadins, the cause of retribution "gives forth" its fruit when it is past (ii. 57, 59); as a consequence, the past exists (v. 25a-b, p. 807). Vasubandhu remarked (v. p. 818) that the Sautrantikas do not admit that the result arises directly from action. For the different results of action, see iv. 85.
See Madhyamaka, xvii. 6 and following, "If an action lasts until its retribution, it would be eternal. . . " The doctrine that Vasubandhu presents here is refuted xvii. 12; the opinion of Candrakirti, xvii. 13: When an action arises, there also arises in the series a dharma unassociated with the mind, morally neutral, destroyed through bhdvand, that is called aviprandia, which produces the result of the action.
From another point of view, the ankura cannot arise from either the destroyed bija, or from a non-destroyed bija; Catustava, quoted in Madhyamakdvatdra, 97, Bodhicarydvatdra- parljikd, ix. 108.
158. For karmasamtdnaparindmavi/esa, see ii. 36c (p. 211).
Footnotes \? 1
? 1378 Chapter Nine
159. Hsuan-tsang: For example the mind "associated with attachment" at the end of life. Although there are some traces (vdsands) projected by all types of actions capable of producing a new existence, nevertheless that which manifests itself (at death), is (the mind) produced by heavy, near, and habitual action; not any other. There is a stanza . . .
160. Vydkhyd: yathoktam iti / sthavirardhulena / yad guru yac cdsanannam iti vistarah / ekasmin samtane catvdri karmdni gurv dsannam abhyastam purvakrtam ca / esdm caturnam guru karma pUrvam iti tribhyas tat purvam vipacyate / dsanndbhyastapurvakrtdndm apy dsannam purvam iti tat purvam dvdbhydm vipacyate / abhyastapurvakrtayos cdbhyastam purvam ity ekasmdt purvam vipacyate / asatsu etesu purvajanmakftam vipacyate dparaparyd-yavedaniyam.
An drya stanza, like note 166.
161. Better:. . . the capacity to produce the retributive result, the capacity that a cause places in the series . . . See Ko/a, iii. 37c This problem has been pointed out ad iv. 50, note 217, where one will find a part of this bibliography. The Andhakas affirm that vipdka is a vipdkadhamma: retribution admits of a new retribution (Kathdvatthu, vii. 10); the Rajagirikas and the Siddhatthikas, warranted by Suttanipdta 654, affirm: sabbam idam kammato; the Theravadin are made to say that the murderer commits murder through retribution for murder: and Nirvana becomes impossible {Kathdvatthu, xvii. 3). The Madhyamakavatara, vi. 41, demonstrates that there is no new vipdka after vipdka. In the Karmapraj&apti (Mdo. 62, fol. 249b), Maudgalyayana refutes the Nirgranthas who maintain that all sensation proceeds from previous actions (comp. Majjhima, ii.
214): the sufferings of penance that the Nirgranthas impose upon themselves are, say the Nirgranthas, "retribution": "According to you, one experiences the retribution of a new retribution. " "Do you admit purification, deliverance, Nirvana? " "Yes. " "Then do not say that a new retribution arises from retribution. "
We have seen, iv. 58, that daurmanasya and cittaksepa are not retribution; but they can necessarily proceed from troubled elements (mahdbhuta), which is retribution.
162. Here we have several words which I have not translated. According to Hsuan-tsang: ch'iehfeipiyil shihfachiehteng JUtMff^/fe&W # ="Theexampleisnot *//Wmtf-totally-similar," and according to Paramartha: tz'u chung i-ch'ieh so-li-iyiipi-i pu-pi hsi t'ung jtfc^--Wft&W%MWf<&J&M = "Here the meaning estab- lished by all should not be totally parallel with the meaning of the example. "
The Japanese editor puts this phrase in the mouth of Vasubandhu; the same for Stcherbatski, who translates: "The example may not fit in every detail. But even supposing it to be fitting, does it prove your tenet? Is new corn produced directly from old corn? "
Further, p. 1354 line 28 Hsuan-tsang, concluding his explanation of this example says: ku yii t'ung fa SfcB^l^lffi : "Thus the example is parallel (sadharma)"; Paramartha: tz'u pi yii li-i t'ung lfcfcfifli? il|eiJ : "Thus the example is analogous to the established meaning," or "Thus this example confirms our thesis. "
163. We follow the version of Hsiian-tsang. Compare the whole of the paragraph of the Bodhicarydvatdra, 472-473.
Vydkhyd: viklittivihsajdd iti bhumyudakasambandhat phalasya silksmo vikdro viklittih / tasya vi/esah / sa evdtiprakrstah / tasmdj jdto vikdraviiesah / tasmdt phaldntaram utpadyate / kidrsad vikdravisesdditidarfayann aha/yo hi tatra bhutaprakdro'nkuram nirvartayati sa tasya bijam iti tasydnkurasya bijam ndnyo bhutaprakdro na purvabijdvastho bhutaprakdra ity arthah // bhdvinyd tu samjnayeti / odanam pacati saktum pinastiti yathd bhdvinydsamjnayd vyapadesah evam purvako'pi samtdno aviklinnabijdvastho bijam ity dkhydyate / bhavinyd'nayd samjnayeti / sddrsydd veti viklittivisesajena bhutavikdravifesena sadrfah sa purvakah samtdna iti krtvd bijam ity dkhydyate /
164. On vipdkajat see i. 37 English trans, (p. 103), ii. 10, 53b (p. 270), 54c (p. 275), 57a (p. 288), 71b (p. 315),iv. ll.
? 165. Vydkhyd: phale raktah kesara iti phaldbhyantare kesarah / yatra bijapurakarase dmlo'vatisphate / / na ca sa tasmdt punar anya iti / na rasaraktah kesaras tasmdd uktdt kesardt punar upajdyate kirh tarhi prdkrta evdraktah kesara upajdyata ity arthah / / idam atroddharanam / yathd Idksdrasaraktamdtulahgapuspaphaldd (MS. Idksdrasaram tat md? ) raktakesardn na raktam kesardntaram punar bhavati evarh karmajdd vipdkdn na punar vipdkdntaram iti / aha cdtra /
cittam hy etad anantabijasahitam samtdnato vartate /
tat tad bijam upaiti puspim udite svapratyaye cetasi /
tat pustam drumalabdhavrtti phaladam kdlena sampadyate /
rahgasyeva hi mdtulangakusume'nyas tasya tatkesare / / punar aha /
karpdsabije puspe ca mdtulangasya ranjite /
Idksayd jdyate raktam yathd karpdsakesaram //
tasminn astam ite range samtdndd bhdvitakramdt /
karmany astam ite caiva bhdvandtah phalodayah //
To these stanzas one should compare those quoted in the Sarvadarsana (beginning of
the chapter on Jainism):
yasminn eva samtana dhitd karmavdsand / phalarhtatraivabadhndtikdrpdseraktatdyathd //
kusume bijapurdder yal laksddy upasicyate /
iaktir ddhiyate tatra kd cit tarn kirn na pasyasi //
The first of these stanzas is quoted in the Bodhicarydvatdra, ix, 73 (introduced by tad
uktam); compare Anandagiri ad 2. 2. 27 (vdsandvaicitrydt), and the Atmatattvaviveka (Calcutta, 1873) p. 102 {Idksdrasdvasekdd vd dhavalimdnam apahdya raktatdm updddyanu- vartamdnam kdrpdsabijam . . . ). The first line of the second stanza is used by Kumarila, Slokavdrttika, p. 267. On these different sources, see "Bouddhisme d'apre's les sources brahmaniques," Mustfon, 1902 (quoted in part, p. 63).
166. Forming without doubt part of the same work as the stanza, note 160.
Vydkhyd: karmeti sarvam tadbhdvanam karmabhdvandm tasmdd bhdvandyd vrttildbham tadvrttildbham tatas tadvrttildbhdt phalam ity etac catustayam niyamena yadrcchayd / buddhdd anyah irdvakddih sarvathd sarvdkdram na prajdndtity arthad uktam bhavati buddha eva tat sarvam sarvathd prajdndtiti.
167. Understand: "looks towards Nirvana" or "sees in this doctrine. "
168. Paramartha adds a stanza here: The Buddha Bhagavat says to Purna, 'Strive to keep this Dharma, for he who cultivates insight and conduct according to this Dharma will of necessity obtain the five qualities'.
169. Vydkhyd: a. itikaranah parisamdptyarthah / pradariandrtho vd // esdm buddhdndm pravacanadharmatdrh suvihitena hetor mdrgena hetumdrgena iuddhdrh niravadydrh niiamya drstvd // andhds ttrthyd yathdbhutadarsanavaikalydt / kutsitd drstih kudrspih / tasyds cestitdni kudrspicestititdni / vividhdni kudrspicespitdny esdm iti vividhakudrspicespi- tah / svar gap agargahetdv apratipannd mithydpratipannds cety arthah / / tasmdd evamvidhdndm kapilolukddindm matam darsanam apavidhya tyaktvdydnti sarhsdrdn nirvdnam iti vdkyddhydhdrah / ke te sattvdh / prajn"dcaksusmanta dryasrdvakdh // atha vd tarn eva pravacanadharmatdrh ydnti pratipadyanta ity arthah /
pravacanadharmatd punar atra nairdtmyam buddhdnusdsani vd // anya dhuh / pravacanam sutradidvadasangavacogaUm / tasya dharmatd svdkhydtatdyuktyupetatvdn nirvdnaprav atd ca nirvdnadyotanat / yathoktam / sarva ime dharma nirvdnapravandh nirvdnaprdg- bhdrdh nirvdnam evdbhivadanto'bhivadantiti / andtmasamjninai ca nirvdne sdntasamjndb samtisphante dtmoccheddsankdpagamdd iti tad evam anandhd eva ydnti ndndhdh / andhds
tu bhramanty eva samsdrdrnave nairdtmyam apaiyantah / tad darsayann aha imam hitivistarah /
Footnotes 1379
? 1380 Chapter Nine
b. iyam nirdtmatd / nirvanam eva purarh nirvdnapuram / tasyaikd vartaniti nirvdnapuraikamdrgo ndnyo mdrga ity arthah / / tathagata evddityo gambhiradharmdva- kdsakatvdd ddityabhutas tathdgatah / tasya vacdrhsi / tdny evdmiavah / fair bhdsvati dlokavati tathdgatddityavacomsubhdsvati // drydndm sahasrair vdhitety dryasahasravdhitd // vivrtd samitd // imam nirvdnapuraikavartantm tathdgatddityavacomsubhasvatim vivrtdm api nirdtmatdm prajHdcaksuso visadasydbhdvdd avidydkosapafala-paryavanaddha- netratvdd vd mandacaksus tirthiko vdtsiputriyo vd neksate /
trayas ceha mdrgagund varnyante / tadyathaikdyanatdabhipretadeiaprdyandt / sdlokatd yato nth sank o gacchati / ydtdnuydtatd ca parimarditasthdnukantakdditvddyena sukham gacchati / tatsddharmyeneyam nirdtmatd variant drastavyd / / caturbhii ca kdranair mdrgo
na vidyate sa ( - - ) tamaskatayd / prakdfito'py ddityena avdhitatayd / bahupurusavdhito'py dvrtatayd vivrto'pi draspur mandacaksuskataya / tesdm ihaikam eva kdranam asya mdrgasyddar/ana uktam /yato drasprdosenaivdyam mdrgo na drsyate na mdrgadosenetiyata esa mandacaksur etdm na paiyatity avagantavyam /
c. iti digmdtram evedam iti sarvam iti yathoktam / dig eva digmdtram / evakdrdrtho mdtraiabdah / dik pramdnam asyeti digmdtram iti vd / mahato'bhidharmasastrdd alpam idam upadispam / mayeti vakyasesah // kefdm / sumedhasdm matimatdm ity arthah / tddarthye sastht / kimvad ity aha / vranadeie visasyeva svasdmarthyavisarpina iti / yathd visam svasdmarthydd vranadesam prdpya sarvesv angapratyangesv abhyantarvisarpatiti matvd kena cit tasya vranadesah krtah katham ndmedam visarpatiti / evam sumedhasah svasdmarthyavisarpitvdd visasthdniyd ity atas tesdm sumedhasdm udghapitajndnam prdjridndm idam upadispam mayd katham alpena grant hena mahad abhidharmafdstram kdimiravaibhdsikanitisiddham arthatah pratipadyerann iti // apare punar vydcaksate digmdtram evedam itidam eva nairdtmyapratisedham adhikrtyoktam iti / kdimiravaibhd- sikanitisiddhah prdyo maydyam kathito'bhidharma ity (viii. 40) anenaivdrthasydbhihitatvdd iti.
? INDEX
(This Index contains references to items in the text of the Abhidharmakosabhdsyam, as well as to significant entries in the Footnotes. )
A
abandoning (prahdna), 111-3,157,173-4, 209-10,213-4,217,220,227,235, 263, 273-4, 282-3,285,290,702, 859, 964-5, 906, 937-8, 944-5, 951, 978,981,983,985,990,992-4,1006, 1015,1020-1,1023,1028,1037-9, 1094, 1112, 1125, 1146-7, 1219, 1233,1237,1258,1273,1329,1331, 1348; abandoning of defilements, 772-6, 779, 783-4, 786-9, 792-5, 804-5,820-6,828,836-40,844-6, 853-6, 860-4, 866-7, 872a, 890-2n. , 895,918,929,940,950,1,953-5, 957-8,962-4,973-5,992-3,994-5,
1004-5,1008-9,1018,1035-6,1038- 40, 1087, 1097-8, 1150, 1252, 1268; Path of Abandoning, 672-3, 705, 1021, 1268, 1273; see also Irresisti- ble Path; Right Abandonings, see samyakprahadnas.
Abhasvara, 237, 375-6,470,477-8. abhdva; see non-existence abhibhvdyatanas (dominent dyatanas),
87-8, 320,1148,1275-9. Abhidharma, 56-8,99,193-5,207,233,
243,286, 391,405,410,429, 577, 768-9, 772, 908-9,1008-9, 1237, 1281-2,1310-la, 1335; Abhidharma Treatise, 86.
Abhidharmakoia, 55-6
Abhidharmikas, 80,118,130,195,255, 299, 357, 425, 439, 474, 605-6, 774, 791,902,903,915,941,922,1100.
abhidhyd; see greed
abhijnd (higher knowledge), 87,300,371,
392, 1332; result of higher knowl-
edge (abhijndphala), 315-8 abhimdna, 784-5.
Abhimoksas, 1137.
abhinirvrtti; see re-existence. abhisamaya; see comprehension. Absence of Contention; see Samadhi
Absence of contention.
absolute truth (paramdrthasatya), 910-11,
1108.
absorption (samdpatti), 66, 93, 98, 103,
129, 165-6, 170-1, 176, 178-9, 181, 189-91,222-33,236-7,267,270,276, 290, 298-9, 305-6, 310, 325, 367-9, 376-7, 447-8, 562-4, 641-2, 655, 665-6, 672, 691, 694, 705, 762n. , 771-2, 785, 800, 830, 852-3, 862, 913, 922, 925, 935-6 941-2, 969, 975-6, 981, 984, 989, 999-1001, 1006-8,1011,1016-20,1022-3,1028, 1102,1116,1137,1146,1149,1151, 1160,1168,1172-3,1215-82 passim; faculty of absorption, 130,135,157, 159,162,167,182; two absorptions, 206,223,228-30,232-3,235,254,
? 1382 Index
301-2, 305; see also Arupya Sama-
pattis, asamjnisa- mdpattis, niro- dhasamapatti, samadhi, Vajropa- masamadhi.
adhimoksa; see aspiration, intention. adhimukti, 335-6n. , 918-9, 921, 1268;
see also approval, imagination. adhipati, 263, 287, 303.
adhipatiphala (predominating result),
266, 279, 287-9, 291.
adhipatipratyaya (predominating condition), 263,296, 303, 305-6, 308.
ddhipatya (indirect predominance), 287.
adhiprajndm, 978, 984.
adhiitlam, 978, 984.
adhisthdna; see deeds,
adultery, 641,644,648,664-5,667,787. affection (preman), 87,201-2,835-6,
1113-4,1146-7,1338.
Agamas (Traditions), 249, 996,1281. agent, 117-8, 256, 291, 578-80, 589,
591, 814, 1111, 1331,1340, 1342-
3,1351-2.
agradrsti, 789
ahamkdravastu (idea of self), 916; see
also satkdyadrsti. Airdvana, 787.
air, 922-3.
airydpathika (mind), 169, 315-6, 318-9, 925; see also mind.
Ajata? atru, 664.
Ajivika, 368-9
Ajlvikas, 816.
djfia, 163, 177, 184, 228. djndsydmi (pure organs), 183-4. djndsydmindriya, 179, 182-4. Ajnata, 592.
Ajnatakaundinya, 592.
djndtdvin, 163, 184.
djndtavindriya, 130,157,159,162- 3,
177, 181-2,184
Akanisthas, Heaven of, 366, 370, 467,
470-1,967-9, 973, 975, 977,979. dkara\ see aspect.
akaranasamvara, 604
abstention (akarananiyama), 609, 638.
566-7,
Acarya, 309.
accumulation (aupacayika). 103-5, 253- 4, 289,924.
action (karma), 68,73,91,103-4,116-8,
165, 169-70, 173, 189-91, 197, 229, 233-5, 237, 275-7, 283, 289, 308-9, 372-3, 394, 399-404,406-7, 413-5, 417-9, 422, 437-8, 551-708 passim, 767, 804, 807, 811, 813-4, 818-9, 848, 909, 937, 942-3, 961, 964-5,971,1010,1025,1113,1148, 1176, 1180, 1217, 1223, 1225, 1280,1331,1334,1340,1342-3, 1346,1349,1351-3,1355; bodily action, 65, 68, 71, 92, 112-3, 214, 275,309,552,559,561,564-5, 568-9, 571, 574-5, 589,618,634-5, 638-9, 643, 655, 658, 671, 694-6, 700, 703, 707, 942, 1162, 1241, 1352; mental action, 441, 552, 559,571,634-5,638-9,685-9, 707,942,1163,1352; vocal action, 65,68,71,92, 112-3,214,275, 309, 552, 559, 561, 564-5, 568-9, 571-2, 574-5, 589, 618, 634-5, 638-9,643,653,655,658,671, 681, 694-6, 700, 703, 707, 942-3, 1162, 1173-4, 1241, 1352; see also avijnapti, mithydkarmdnta, Right Action, vijnapti.
ddhdrahetu (supporting cause), 309 adharma, 555, 650, 1352.
adhicitta siksa (higher mental learn-
ing), 1217.
adhicittam, 978, 984. adhigama (holiness), 1281. adhimdna, 784-6.
? dkdsa; see space
AkaSanantyayatana, 366, 471, 863, 1220, 1226,1244,1249,1271. Akincanyayatana, 178,237, 322, 366,
471,954,987,1017,1220,1224, 1226, 1249,1251.
Akopyadharmans (Immovable Ones), 979, 991, 999-1003, 1007, 1011- 13, 1015-6, 1076-7n. , 1132, 1149- 50,1152,1261.
akusalamahdbhumikas, 189, 195, 198- 9, 850.
dlambaka, 304-5, 1117.
dlambana\ see object. dlambanapratighdta, 90. dlambanapratyaya (an object as condi-
tion), 279, 296, 302-5, 1321. alcohol; see liquor.
dlokasamjnd, 851.
amaravitarka, 852.
Amrapall, 381. Anabhisamskaraparinirvayin, 966-7,
969-70.
Anabhrakas, 366, 469-70.
Anagamins, 178-80,230, 331n. , 386,
441-2, 628, 731, 690,973-81, 985, 987, 994-5, 999,1015,1019,1091, 1131-2; types of Anagamins, 966- 81.
Anagamya, 178-80, 267, 321-2, 436, 585-6, 591,716n. , 792,862-3,936, 956, 981-2, 988-9, 1014, 1022, 1030, 1118, 1127, 1139, 1243, 1254, 1262, 1267-8, 1295-6n.
andjndtamdjndsydmindriya, 130,157, 159,162-3,169,171-2,174,177-8, 181.
Ananda, 402, 784,904, 1335. dnantaryamdrga\ see Irresistible Path. dndpdnasmrta, see breathing, mindful-
ness of.
anapatrapya\ see fear, absence of. andsrava, see Path, pure or transworldly.
andtman; see non-self. Anavatapta, Lake, 456. ancient Masters, 231. androgynes, 171, 940. Arigdrakarsupama, 1009-10.
anger, 196,198-9,639,659,664-5, 667-9, 768, 772-4, 793-4, 798-9, 804-5,837-8,842-4,849,851-2, 961,964,995,1101,1106,1111, 1150.
animals, 256, 365,371-2, 381, 386, 397, 451,460,472-3,477-8,634,642-4, 668-9,679,681,693,798,1130, 1337.
dnimittasamidhi, 1256-60.
Aniruddha, the Sthavira, 677-8 unityatd\ see impermanence. anivrtavydkrtas; see dharmas, undefiled-
neutral.
aniyatas, 196-8
annihilation, 776-7, 782, 827, 1335,
1337.
antagrdhadrsti (belief in extremes),
197-8 673-4, 772-3, 776-7, 781-2, 790-1, 797-9, 827, 836, 838-9, 1005,1109,1334-7.
antahkalpaSy All.
Antara, Gods of, 387.
antarabhava (intermediate existence),
106-7, 154, 236, 310, 371-3, 375, 381, 383,385-8, 390-1,393-4,399, 438-9,441-2,628-9,959,962,966, 970-1,974-5,979-80,1160,1176.
antarakalpas, 471-2,m 475-9, 682. Antaraparinirvayins, 386-8,442,966,
969-74,979-80,999.
anulaksanas, (secondary characteristics),
112,239-41,257-9,261.
anumdna, see inference.
anupasyand, 927.
anuprapti, (secondary possession), 112,
218.
dnupurvaka, 111-9, 868.
Index 1383
? 1384 Index
Anuraksanadharmans,979,1000,1002-4. anus, 158-60.
anusayas\ see defilements. anutpadajftana; see Knowledge of non-
Arising.
anuvrtti (supporting cause), 568. anvayajndnaksantis; see Patiences of
Inferential Knowledge. anyonyathdtva (mutual difference),
808-9.
Aparantakas, 598, 799.
apathy (middha), 196,199.
apatrdpya; see fear. Aparihanadharmans, 1007.
appearence (prabhava), 1113-4, 1259,
1343; aspect of appearence, 1110-
3,1115. application, 947.
application of mindfulness (smrtyupa sthdna); see also foundations of mindfulness.
approval, 189-90; see also adhimukti. apramada\ see diligence. Apramanabhas, 237, 366, 375,470. Apramdnas', see immeasurables. aprdpti (non-possession), 206-7,210,
212,215-20,254,662,938. apratisamkhydnirodha, 59-61, 134-5n. , 207,21-3,281,575,937,1226,
12275.
aptitude; see prasrabdhi.
Arama, 918.
aranasamdtti, see samadhi Absence of
Contention.
arbuda (embryo), 262.
Arbuda (Hell), 459,473.
Arhantis, 690.
Arhats, 75, 114, 162, 165-7, 177, 179,
181, 184, 207, 219, 227, 230-1, 244, 293-4, 297, 301, 310, 314, 322-5, 409, 411-2, 441-2, 446, 448-9, 455, 473, 484-5, 563, 596, 601-2, 615, 628, 631-2, 636, 638,
657, 675,679, 685-7,689-90,699, 828, 867-8, 923, 954, 961, 963-4, 975-6,979-81,983,985,991,998, 1006-13,1015,1034,1076-7n. , 1090-1,1124,1134,1136,1149, 1165, 1176, 1249-50, 1261, 1335; Path of Arhats, 961,997,1017; types of Arhats, 999-1004.
arising, 60-1, 89, 109-111, 184-5, 188, 208-9, 218, 232, 252, 255-6, 258- 60, 263-6, 271-2, 278-9, 281-3, 288-9, 291, 294, 296-8, 300-1, 304-9,383,385,410-1,413-7,442, 568-9,616-8,677-8,767,769,771, 820,854-5,858-9,898,901,912-3, 915-6,924,930,932,935,938, 941-2, 944-8, 965, 967, 976, 981, 1010,1018,1036-7,1113,1126, 1134-5,1153,1226,1239,1257, 1259,1268,1324,1330-1,1341, 1346,1353; arising of absorptions, 1244,1246,1248,1261-2,1280; arising of conditioned dharmas, 238-50; arising of defilements, 826-8,1247,1275; arisungof minds, 310-23; arising of vijtlapti and avijnapti, 552-6, 568-9; aspect of arising, 1110, 1112-3,1115,1258; see also Arising, Truth of.
Arising, Truth of, 76, 201-2, 778-9, 793, 821-2, 825, 836, 853-4, 860, 865,896,898,908,946,997,1039, 1089-91,1094,1110-3,1115,1125, 1127,1258.
arrogance, 204, 596-7.
arthdbhijHd, 653.
Arthavargiya (stanza), 70.
Arupya Samapattis, 1151, 1159, 1244,
1249-53, 1256, 1262, 1273, 1280;
see also Arupyas.
Arupyadhatu, 83,93,95,106-7,173,
176-7, 180-1, 183, 139, 202-3, 212-3, 215, 230, 234-7, 253, 256,
? 268,270,276,365-9,373,377, 388, 391, 401, 433-6, 442, 471, 495, 572, 591, 616, 618, 620, 622, 628, 635, 659-60,665-6,668-9, 771-2,774-5,790,793,797,822-3, 825, 829-30, 840, 861-2, 867-8, 902,924,945,961,969-70,973-5, 979-80,987,999,1015,1090,1096, 1107,1118,1121,1151,1160-1, 1219, 1221-6,1241-2,1245,1247, 1252, 1271-3, 1275, 1277-80, 1284-5n. ; description of Arupya- dhatu, 366-8; types of mind in Arupyadhatu,
Arupyaga (var. Arupyopaga), 969-70. Arupyas, 87, 181, 267, 377, 388, 439, 572, 668, 793, 849, 863, 936, 956, 969, 981-2, 986-9, 1015, 1017, 1022, 1030, 1118, 1129, 1139, 1148, 1159, 1215, 1219-27, 1229, 1272-4,1278,1286-7n.
