gif him þonne
Hrēðrīc
tō hofum Gēata
ge-þingeð _(if H.
ge-þingeð _(if H.
Beowulf
, _very, exceedingly_, 560.
þēah, þēh, conj. , _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þēah, 203,
526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þēah þe, 683,
1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þēah . . . eal (_although_), 681. --2)
with indic. : þēah, 1103; þēh, 1614. --3) doubtful: þēah hē ūðe wēl, 2856;
swā þēah (_nevertheless_), 2879; nō . . . swā þēah (_not then however_), 973;
næs þē forht swā þēh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
(_yet however_), 2443.
þēaw, st. m. , _custom, usage_: nom. sg. , 178, 1247; acc. sg. þēaw, 359;
instr. pl. þēawum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
þeód, st. f. : 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg. , 644, 1231, 1251. --2)
_nation, folk_: nom. sg. , 1692; gen. pl. þēoda, 1706. --Comp. : sige-,
wer-þēod.
þēod-cyning, st. m. , (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 2145; (Ongenþēow), 2964, 2971; þīod-cyning (Bēowulf),
2580; acc. sg. þēod-cyning (Bēowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þēod-cyninges
(Bēowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þēod-cyninga, 2.
þēoden, st. m. , _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg. , 129,
365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc. ; þīoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þēoden, 34,
201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þīoden, 2789; dat. sg. þēodne, 345,
1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc. ; þēoden, 2033; gen. sg. þēodnes 798, 911,
1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þīodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þēodnas, 3071.
þēoden-lēas, adj. , _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þēoden-lēase, 1104.
þēod-gestrēon, st. n. , _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
þēod-ge-strēonum, 44; gen. pl. þēod-ge-strēona, 1219.
þēodig, adj. , _appertaining to a_ þēod: in comp. el-þēodig.
þēod-scaða, w. m. , _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þēod-sceaða
(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
þēod-þrēa, st. f. m. , _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
þēod-þrēaum, 178.
þēof, st. m. , _thief_: gen. sg. þēofes cræfte, 2221.
þēon, st. v. : 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þāh (_grew
in glory_), 8. --2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hūru þæt on lande
lȳt manna þāh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-þēon, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þēoh
tela, 1219; inf. lof-dǣdum sceal . . . man geþēon, 25; þæt þæt þēodnes bearn
ge-þēon scolde, 911.
on-þēon? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen. : pret. hē þæs ǣr onþāh, 901. [In
MS. Emended in text. --KTH] See Note l. 901.
þēon (for þēowan), w. v. , _to oppress, restrain_: inf. næs se folc-cyning
ymb-sittendra ǣnig þāra þe mec . . . dorste egesan þēon (_that durst oppress
me with terror_), 2737.
þēostor, adj. , _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
þēow, st. m. , _slave, serf_ 2225.
þicgan, st. v. w. acc. , _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þæt hē
(Grendel) mā mōste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þā niht, 737; symbel þicgan
(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þæt hīe mē þēgon, 563;
þǣr wē medu þēgun, 2634.
ge-þicgan, w. acc. , _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bēowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
manig) ge-þǣgon, 1015.
þider, þyder, adv. , _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
þīhtig, þȳhtig, adj. , _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord . . .
ecgum þȳhtig, 1559. --Comp. hyge-þīhtig.
þincan. See þyncan.
þing, st. n. : 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ǣnige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
2906. --2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. mē wearð Grendles þing
. . . undyrne cūð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409. --3)
_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(? ): acc. sg. sceal . . . āna gehegan
þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-þing, st. n. : 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086. --2) _fate,
providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS. ), 525.
ge-þingan, st. v. , _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX. , 430):
pret. part. cwēn mōde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
625. See wēl-þungen.
ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v. : 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III.
gif him þonne Hrēðrīc tō hofum Gēata
ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at? ) _with the court of
the Gēatas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo. --2) _to prepare, appoint_:
pret. part. wiste [æt] þǣm āhlǣcan . . . hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs . . .
mēce ge-þinged, 1939.
þingian, w. v. : 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
hȳrde ic snotor-līcor on swā geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
man so young speak so wisely_), 1844. --2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo . . . fēo þingian (_would not compound the
life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. þā fǣhðe fēo þingode, 470.
þīhan. See þēon.
þin, possess, pron. , _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
ge-þōht, st. m. , _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ān-fealdne ge-þōht, 256;
fæst-rǣdne ge-þōht, 611.
þolian, w. v. w. acc. : 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian,
833; pres. sg. III. þrēa-nȳd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þrȳðswȳð,
131. --2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans. ) þenden þis
sweord þolað (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (sēo ecg)
þolode ǣr fela hand-gemōta, 1526.
ge-þolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tō ge-þolianne, 1420;
pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrāge ge-þolode. . . , þæt hē . . . drēam gehȳrde (_bore
ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-þolode (_bore the
misery_), 147. --2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. þǣr hē longe sceal on þæs
waldendes wǣre ge-þolian, 3110.
þon (Goth, þan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; æfter þon (_after that_), 725; ǣr
þon dæg cwōme (_ere day came_), 732; nō þon lange (_it was not long till
then_), 2424; næs þā long tō þon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;
wæs him se man tō þon lēof þæt . . . _(the man was to that degree dear to him
that . . . _), 1877.
þonne: 1) adv. , _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,
1823, 3052, 3098(? ). --2) conj. , _if, when, while_: a) w. indic. , 573, 881,
935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc. ; þæt ic
gum-cystum gōdne funde bēaga bryttan, brēac þonne mōste (_that I found a
good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj. , 23,
1180, 3065; þonne . . . þonne (_then . . . when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne
. . . þonne (_if then . . . then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,
248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc. ; a comparative must be supplied,
l. 70, before þone: þæt hē . . . hātan wolde medo-ærn micel men ge-wyrcean
þone yldo bearn ǣfre ge-frūnon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men
had ever known_).
þracu, st. f. , _strength, boldness_: in comp. mōd-þracu; = impetus in
ecg-þracu.
þrāg, st. f. , _period of time, time_: nom. sg. þā hine sīo þrāg be-cwōm
(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. þrāge (_for a
time_), 87; longe (lange) þrāge, 54, 114. --Comp. earfoð-þrāg.
ge-þræc, st. n. , _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-þræc.
þrec-wudu, st. m. , (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg. ,
1247.
þrēa, st. m. f. , _misery, distress_: in comp. þēod-þrēa, þrēa-nēdla, -nȳd.
þrēa-nēdla, w. m. , _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þrēa-nēdlan,
2225.
þrea-nȳd, st. f. , _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þrēa-nȳd, 284; dat.
pl. þrēa-nȳdum, 833.
þrēat, st. m. , _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þām þrēate, 2407; dat. pl.
sceaðena þrēatum, 4. --Comp. īren-þrēat.
þrēatian, w. v. w. acc. , _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec . . . þrēatedon,
560.
þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m. , _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
2407.
þrēo, num. (neut. ), _three_: acc. þrīo wicg, 2175; þrēo hund wintra, 2279.
þridda, num. adj. w. m. , _third_: instr. þriddan sīðe, 2689.
ge-þring, st. n. , _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
þringan, st. v. , _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tō lȳt þrong ymbe þēoden
(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
hedge_), 2961.
for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þæt hē ne mehte . . . þā
wēa-lāfe wīge for-þringan þēodnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. cēol up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
i. e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
þrītig, num. , _thirty_ (neut. subst. ): acc. sg. w.
þēah, þēh, conj. , _though, even though_ or _if_: 1) with subj. þēah, 203,
526, 588, 590, 1168, 1661, 2032, 2162. Strengthened by þe: þēah þe, 683,
1369, 1832, 1928, 1942, 2345, 2620; þēah . . . eal (_although_), 681. --2)
with indic. : þēah, 1103; þēh, 1614. --3) doubtful: þēah hē ūðe wēl, 2856;
swā þēah (_nevertheless_), 2879; nō . . . swā þēah (_not then however_), 973;
næs þē forht swā þēh (_he was not, though, afraid_), 2968; hwæðre swā þēah
(_yet however_), 2443.
þēaw, st. m. , _custom, usage_: nom. sg. , 178, 1247; acc. sg. þēaw, 359;
instr. pl. þēawum (_in accordance with custom_), 2145.
þeód, st. f. : 1) _war-troop, retainers_: nom. sg. , 644, 1231, 1251. --2)
_nation, folk_: nom. sg. , 1692; gen. pl. þēoda, 1706. --Comp. : sige-,
wer-þēod.
þēod-cyning, st. m. , (=folc-cyning), _warrior-king, king of the people_:
nom. sg. (Hrōðgār), 2145; (Ongenþēow), 2964, 2971; þīod-cyning (Bēowulf),
2580; acc. sg. þēod-cyning (Bēowulf), 3009; gen. sg. þēod-cyninges
(Bēowulf), 2695; gen. pl. þēod-cyninga, 2.
þēoden, st. m. , _lord of a troop, war-chief, king; ruler_: nom. sg. , 129,
365, 417, 1047, 1210, 1676, etc. ; þīoden, 2337, 2811; acc. sg. þēoden, 34,
201, 353, 1599, 2385, 2722, 2884, 3080; þīoden, 2789; dat. sg. þēodne, 345,
1526, 1993, 2573, 2710, etc. ; þēoden, 2033; gen. sg. þēodnes 798, 911,
1086, 1628, 1838, 2175; þīodnes, 2657; nom. pl. þēodnas, 3071.
þēoden-lēas, adj. , _without chief_ or _king_: nom. pl. þēoden-lēase, 1104.
þēod-gestrēon, st. n. , _people's-jewel, precious treasure_: instr. pl.
þēod-ge-strēonum, 44; gen. pl. þēod-ge-strēona, 1219.
þēodig, adj. , _appertaining to a_ þēod: in comp. el-þēodig.
þēod-scaða, w. m. , _foe of the people, general foe_: nom. sg. þēod-sceaða
(_the dragon_), 2279, 2689.
þēod-þrēa, st. f. m. , _popular misery, general distress_: dat. pl. wið
þēod-þrēaum, 178.
þēof, st. m. , _thief_: gen. sg. þēofes cræfte, 2221.
þēon, st. v. : 1) _to grow, ripen, thrive_: pret. sg. weorðmyndum þāh (_grew
in glory_), 8. --2) _to thrive in, succeed_: pret. sg. hūru þæt on lande
lȳt manna þāh (_that throve to few_), 2837. See Note, l. 901.
ge-þēon, _to grow, thrive; increase in power and influence_: imper. ge-þēoh
tela, 1219; inf. lof-dǣdum sceal . . . man geþēon, 25; þæt þæt þēodnes bearn
ge-þēon scolde, 911.
on-þēon? _to begin, undertake_, w. gen. : pret. hē þæs ǣr onþāh, 901. [In
MS. Emended in text. --KTH] See Note l. 901.
þēon (for þēowan), w. v. , _to oppress, restrain_: inf. næs se folc-cyning
ymb-sittendra ǣnig þāra þe mec . . . dorste egesan þēon (_that durst oppress
me with terror_), 2737.
þēostor, adj. , _dark, gloomy_: instr. pl. þēostrum ge-þoncum, 2333.
þēow, st. m. , _slave, serf_ 2225.
þicgan, st. v. w. acc. , _to seize, attain, eat, appropriate_: inf. þæt hē
(Grendel) mā mōste manna cynnes þicgean ofer þā niht, 737; symbel þicgan
(_take the meal, enjoy the feast_), 1011; pret. pl. þæt hīe mē þēgon, 563;
þǣr wē medu þēgun, 2634.
ge-þicgan, w. acc. , _to grasp, take_: pret. sg. (symbel and sele-ful, ful)
ge-þeah, 619, 629; Bēowulf ge-þah ful on flette, 1025; pret. pl. (medo-ful
manig) ge-þǣgon, 1015.
þider, þyder, adv. , _thither_: þyder, 3087, 379, 2971.
þīhtig, þȳhtig, adj. , _doughty, vigorous, firm_: acc. sg. neut. sweord . . .
ecgum þȳhtig, 1559. --Comp. hyge-þīhtig.
þincan. See þyncan.
þing, st. n. : 1) _thing_: gen. pl. ǣnige þinga (_ullo modo_), 792, 2375,
2906. --2) _affair, contest, controversy_: nom. sg. mē wearð Grendles þing
. . . undyrne cūð (_Grendel's doings became known to me_), 409. --3)
_judgment, issue, judicial assembly_(? ): acc. sg. sceal . . . āna gehegan
þing wið þyrse (_shall bring the matter alone to an issue against the
giant_: see hegan), 426.
ge-þing, st. n. : 1) _terms, covenant_: acc. pl. ge-þingo, 1086. --2) _fate,
providence, issue_: gen. sg. ge-þinges, 398, 710; (ge-þingea, MS. ), 525.
ge-þingan, st. v. , _to grow, mature, thrive_ (Dietrich, Haupt IX. , 430):
pret. part. cwēn mōde ge-þungen (_mature-minded, high-spirited, queen_),
625. See wēl-þungen.
ge-þingan (see ge-þing), w. v. : 1) _to conclude a treaty_: w. refl. dat,
_enter into a treaty_: pres. sg. III.
gif him þonne Hrēðrīc tō hofum Gēata
ge-þingeð _(if H. enters into a treaty_ (seeks aid at? ) _with the court of
the Gēatas_, referring to the old German custom of princes entering the
service or suite of a foreign king), 1838. Leo. --2) _to prepare, appoint_:
pret. part. wiste [æt] þǣm āhlǣcan . . . hilde ge-þinged, 648; hraðe wæs . . .
mēce ge-þinged, 1939.
þingian, w. v. : 1) _to speak in an assembly, make an address_: inf. ne
hȳrde ic snotor-līcor on swā geongum feore guman þingian (_I never heard a
man so young speak so wisely_), 1844. --2) _to compound, settle, lay aside_:
inf. ne wolde feorh-bealo . . . fēo þingian (_would not compound the
life-bale for money_), 156; so, pret. sg. þā fǣhðe fēo þingode, 470.
þīhan. See þēon.
þin, possess, pron. , _thy, thine_, 267, 346, 353, 367, 459, etc.
ge-þōht, st. m. , _thought, plan_: acc. sg. ān-fealdne ge-þōht, 256;
fæst-rǣdne ge-þōht, 611.
þolian, w. v. w. acc. : 1) _to endure, bear_: inf. (inwid-sorge) þolian,
833; pres. sg. III. þrēa-nȳd þolað, 284; pret. sg. þolode þrȳðswȳð,
131. --2) _to hold out, stand, survive_: pres. sg. (intrans. ) þenden þis
sweord þolað (_as long as this sword holds out_), 2500; pret. sg. (sēo ecg)
þolode ǣr fela hand-gemōta, 1526.
ge-þolian: 1) _to suffer, bear, endure_: gerund. tō ge-þolianne, 1420;
pret. sg. earfoð-lice þrāge ge-þolode. . . , þæt hē . . . drēam gehȳrde (_bore
ill that he heard the sound of joy_), 87; torn ge-þolode (_bore the
misery_), 147. --2) _to have patience, wait_: inf. þǣr hē longe sceal on þæs
waldendes wǣre ge-þolian, 3110.
þon (Goth, þan) = _tum, then, now_, 504; æfter þon (_after that_), 725; ǣr
þon dæg cwōme (_ere day came_), 732; nō þon lange (_it was not long till
then_), 2424; næs þā long tō þon (_it was not long till then_), 2592, 2846;
wæs him se man tō þon lēof þæt . . . _(the man was to that degree dear to him
that . . . _), 1877.
þonne: 1) adv. , _there, then, now_, 377, 435, 525, 1105, 1456, 1485, 1672,
1823, 3052, 3098(? ). --2) conj. , _if, when, while_: a) w. indic. , 573, 881,
935, 1034, 1041, 1043, 1144, 1286, 1327, 1328, 1375, etc. ; þæt ic
gum-cystum gōdne funde bēaga bryttan, brēac þonne mōste (_that I found a
good ring-giver and enjoyed him whilst I could_), 1488. b) w. subj. , 23,
1180, 3065; þonne . . . þonne (_then . . . when_), 484-85, 2447-48; gif þonne
. . . þonne (_if then . . . then_), 1105-1107. c) _than_ after comparatives, 44,
248, 469, 505, 534, 679, 1140, 1183, etc. ; a comparative must be supplied,
l. 70, before þone: þæt hē . . . hātan wolde medo-ærn micel men ge-wyrcean
þone yldo bearn ǣfre ge-frūnon (_a great mead-house_ (greater) _than men
had ever known_).
þracu, st. f. , _strength, boldness_: in comp. mōd-þracu; = impetus in
ecg-þracu.
þrāg, st. f. , _period of time, time_: nom. sg. þā hine sīo þrāg be-cwōm
(_when the_ [battle]-_hour befell him_), 2884; acc. sg. þrāge (_for a
time_), 87; longe (lange) þrāge, 54, 114. --Comp. earfoð-þrāg.
ge-þræc, st. n. , _multitude, crowd_: in comp. searo-ge-þræc.
þrec-wudu, st. m. , (_might-wood_), _spear_ (cf. mægen-wudu): acc. sg. ,
1247.
þrēa, st. m. f. , _misery, distress_: in comp. þēod-þrēa, þrēa-nēdla, -nȳd.
þrēa-nēdla, w. m. , _crushing distress, misery_: dat. sg. for þrēa-nēdlan,
2225.
þrea-nȳd, st. f. , _oppression, distress_: acc. sg. þrēa-nȳd, 284; dat.
pl. þrēa-nȳdum, 833.
þrēat, st. m. , _troop, band_: dat. sg. on þām þrēate, 2407; dat. pl.
sceaðena þrēatum, 4. --Comp. īren-þrēat.
þrēatian, w. v. w. acc. , _to press, oppress_: pret. pl. mec . . . þrēatedon,
560.
þreot-teoða, num. adj. w. m. , _thirteenth_: nom. sg. þreot-teoða secg,
2407.
þrēo, num. (neut. ), _three_: acc. þrīo wicg, 2175; þrēo hund wintra, 2279.
þridda, num. adj. w. m. , _third_: instr. þriddan sīðe, 2689.
ge-þring, st. n. , _eddy, whirlpool, crush_: acc. on holma ge-þring, 2133.
þringan, st. v. , _to press_: pret. sg. wergendra tō lȳt þrong ymbe þēoden
(_too few defenders pressed round the prince_), 2884; pret. pl. syððan
Hrēðlingas tō hagan þrungon (_after the Hrethlingas had pressed into the
hedge_), 2961.
for-þringan, _to press out; rescue, protect_: inf. þæt hē ne mehte . . . þā
wēa-lāfe wīge for-þringan þēodnes þegne (_that he could not rescue the
wretched remnant from the king's thane by war_), 1085.
ge-þringan, _to press_: pret. sg. cēol up geþrang (_the ship shot up_),
i. e. on the shore in landing), 1913.
þrītig, num. , _thirty_ (neut. subst. ): acc. sg. w.
