No More Learning

11; Orph.
a goddess of the moon, seem to contain sufficient Lith. xviii
. 77. ) There is also a mythical personage
proof of this, which is confirmed by the fact, that of this name. (Apollod. ii. 1. $ 5. ) [L. S. ]
on some coins of the Roman empire Dictynna BRONTES. [CYCLOPES. ]
appears with the crescent. Lastly, Britomartis was BRONTI'NUS (Bportivos), of Metapontum, a
like Artemis drawn into the mystic worship of Pythagorean philosopher, to whom, as well as to
Hecate, and even identified with her. (Eurip. | Leon and Bathyllus, Alcmaeon dedicated his works.
Hippol. 141, with the Schol. ; comp. Müller, Ae-According to some accounts, Brontinus married
ginet. p. 163, &c. ; Höck, Kreta, ii. p. 158, &c. ; | Theano, the daughter of Pythagoras. (Diog. Laërt.
Dict. of Ant. s. v. A. KTÚvvia. )
[L. S. ] viii. 83; Suidas, s. v. Beavo; lamb). Vit. Pyth.
BRIZO (Bpi5w), a prophetic goddess of the $ 267. ) lamblichus (Villoison, Anec. Gr. vol. i.
island of Delos, who sent dreams and revealed p. 198) quotes a work of Brontinus.
their meaning to man. Her name is connected BROʻTEAS (Bpotéas). 1. A son of Vulcan


## p. 507 (#527) ############################################

BRUTUS.
507
BRUTUS.
6
and Minerva, who burnt himself that he might not l. c. ) But this tale about a third son is such an
be taunted with his ugliness. (Ov. Ilis, 517. ) evident invention, to answer an objection that had
2. One of the fighters at the marriage of Phi- been started by those who espoused the other side
neus. (Ov. Met, v. 106. )
of the question, that it deserves no credence ; and
3. A Lapith, who was slain at the marriage of nothing was more natural than that the family
Pirithous. (Ov. Met. xii. 260. )
should claim descent from such an illustrious an-
4. The father of Tantalus, who had been mar- cestor, especially after the murder of Cacsar, when
ried to Clytaemnestra before Agamemnon. The M. Brutus was represented as the liberator of his
common account, however, is, that Thyestes was country from tyranny, like his name-silke of old.
the father of this Tantalus. (Paus. ii. 22. § 4. ), It is, however, by no means impossible, that the
5. A son of Tantalus, who, according to a tradi- family may have been descended from the first con-
tion of the Magnetes, had made the most ancient sul, even if we take for granted that he was a pa-
statue of the mother of the gods on the rock of trician, as we know that patricians sometimes
Coddinos. (Paus. iii. 22. $ 4. ) (L. S. ] passed over to the plebeians : while this descent
BRUNI'CHIUS (Bpouvixios), a chronographer becomes still more probable, if we accept Niebuhr's
of uncertain date, referred to by Joannes Malala conjecture (Rom. Hist. i. p. 522, &c. ), that the first
(vol. i. p. 239), the title of whose work was éxoeous consul was a plebeian, and that the consulship was,
Βρουνιχίου Ρωμαίου χρονογράφου.
at its first institution, shared between the two or-
BRUSUS (Bpouoos), a son of Emathius, from ders.
whom Brusis, a portion of Macedonia, was believed The surname of Brutus is said to have been
to have derived its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v. given to L. Junius, because he pretended idiocy in
Bpovoss. )
(L. S. ] order to save himself from the last Tarquin, and
BRUTI'DIUS NIGER. [Niger. ]
the word is accordingly supposed to signify an
BRU'TIUS (Bpoúrios), an historian and chro- “idiot. ” (Liv. i. 56; Dionys. iv. 67, who trans-
nographer, is called by the writer of the Alexan- lates it paiolos ; Nonius, p. 77. ) Festus, how-
drian chronicle (p. 90), who quotes some things ever, in a passage (s. v. Brutum) which is pointed
from bim respecting Danaë and Perseus, o coou out by Arnold (Rom. Hist. i. p. 104), tells us, that
τατος ιστορικός και χρονογράφος. He is also Brutus, in old Latin, was synonymous with Gru-
mentioned by Joannes Malala (vol. i. pp. 39, 326, vis; which, as Arnold remarks, would show a
340) and by Hieronymus in the Chronicle of Eu- connexion with Bápus. The word may, there-
sebius; and Scaliger, in his notes upon this pas- fore, as a surname, have been originally much the
sage (p. 205), has conjectured, that he may be the same as Severus. This conjecture we think more
same as the Brutius Praesens whose daughter, probable than that of Niebuhr's, who supposes it
Brutia Crispina, married L. Aurelius Commodus, to mean a runaway slave," and connects it with
the son of M. Aurelius : but this is quite uncer- the Brettii, “revolted slaves," whence the Brutii
tain. (Vossius, de Hist. Gruec. p. 409, ed. Wester- are supposed to have derived their name (Strab.
mann. )
vi. p. 225 ; Diod. xvi. 15; Gell. x. 3): he further
BRUTTIA'NUS LUSTRICUS. [LUSTRICUS. ] observes, that this name might easily have been
BRU'TTIUS. 1. A Roman knight, for whom applied by the Tarquins to Brutus as a term of
Cicero wrote a letter of introduction to M'. Acilius reproach. (Rom. Hist. i. pp. 63, 98, 515. )
Glabrio, proconsul in Sicily in B. C. 46. (Cic. ad 1. L. JUNIUS BRUTUS, was elected consul in
Fam. xii. 38. )
B. C. 509, according to the chronology of the Fasti,
2. A philologer, with whom M. Cicero, the son upon the expulsion of the Tarquins from Rome.
of the orator, studied at Athens, in B. C. 44. (Cic. His story, the greater part of which belongs to
ad Fam. xvi. 21. )
poetry, ran as follows: The sister of king Tarquin
BRU'TTIUS SURA. (SURA. ]
the Proud, married M. Brutus, a man of great
BRUẤTULUS PA'PIUS, a man of noble rank wealth, who died leaving two sons under age. Of
and great power among the Samnites, who per- these the elder was killed by Tarquin, who covet-
suaded his countrymen to undertake a second war ed their possessions ; the younger escaped his bro-
against the Romans; but the Samnites, after their ther's fate only by feigning idiocy, whence he re-
disasters in B. c. 322, became anxious for a peace, ceived the surname of Brutus. After a while,
and resolved to deliver up Brutulus to the Romans. Tarquin became alarmed by the prodigy of a serpent
His corpse, however, was all that they could give crawling from the altar in the royal palace, and
their enemies; for Brutulus put an end to his accordingly sent his two sons, Titus and Aruns, to
own life, to avoid perishing by the hands of the consult the oracle at Delphi. They took with
Romans. (Liv. viii. 39. )
them their cousin Brutus, who propitiated the
BRUTUS, the name of a plebeian family of the priestess with the gift of a golden stick enclosed in
Junia Gens, which traced its descent from the first a hollow staff. After executing the king's com-
consul, L. Junius Brutus. (Comp. Cic. Phil. i. 6, mission, the youths asked the priestess who was to
Brut. 4.
) It was denied by many of the ancients that reign at Rome after Tarquin, and the reply was,
this family could be descended from the first consul, He who first kisses his mother. ” Thereupon the
first, because the latter was a patrician, and secondly, sons of Tarquin agreed to draw lots, which of
because his race became extinct at his death, as he them should first kiss their mother upon arriving
had only two sons, who were executed by his own at Rome; but Brutus, who better understood the
orders. (Dionys. v. 18, comp. vi. 70; Dion. Cass. meaning of the oracle, stumbled upon the ground
xliv. 12; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Posidonius, indeed, as- as they quitted the temple, and kissed the earth,
serted that there was a third son, who was a child mother of them all. Soon after followed the rape
when his brothers were put to death, and that the of Lucretia ; and Brutus accompanied the unfor-
plebeian family was descended from him; and he tupate father to Rome, when his daughter sent
even pretended to discover a likeness in many of for him to the camp at Ardea. Brutus was pre-
the Bruti to the statue of the first consul. (Plut. sent at her death, and the moment had now come


## p. 508 (#528) ############################################

508
BRUTUS.
BRUTUS.
for avenging his own and his country's wrongs. I their towns, Cutina and Cingilia (Liv. viii 12,
In the capacity of Tribunus Cclerum, which office | 29; Diod. xviii. 2. )
he then held, and which bore the same relation to 6. D. JUNIUS D. F. BRUTUS SCAEVA, legate
the royal power as that of the Magister Equitum B. c. 293 in the army of the consul Sp. Carvilius
did to the dictatorship, he summoned the people, Maximus, and consul in 29:2. (Liv. X. 43, 47. )
obtained the banishment of the Tarquins, and was In his consulship he conquered the Faliscans: Sp.
elected consul with L. Tarquinius Collatinus in the Carvilius, the consul of the preceding year, served
comitia centuriatı. Resolved to maintain the free- under him as legate by command of the senate.
dom of the infant republic, he loved his country (Zonar. viii. 1. )
better than his children, and accordingly put to 7. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably a son of the
death his two sons, when they were detected in a preceding, exhibited, in conjunction with his
conspiracy with several other of the young Roman brother Marcus, the first gladiatorial combat at
nobles, for the purpose of restoring the Tarquins. Rome in the Forum Boarium, at his father's
lle moreover compelled his colleague, L. Tarquinius funeral in B. c. 264. (Liv. Epit. 16 ; Val. Max.
Collatinus, to resign his consulship and leave the ii. 4. $ 7. )
city, that none of the hated family might remain in 8. M. JUNIUS BRUTUS, brother of the preced-
Rome. And when the people of Veii and Tar- ing. (Val. Max. I. c. )
quinii attempted to bring Tarquin back by force 9. M. JUNIUS Brutus, tribune of the plebs,
of arms, Brutus marched against them, and, fight- B. c. 195, endeavoured with his colleague P. Junius
ing with Aruns, the son of Tarquin, he and Aruns Brutus to prevent the repeal of the Oppia lex,
both fell, pierced by each other's spears. The ma- which restrained the expenses of women. He was
trons mourned for Brutus a year, and a bronze praetor in 191, and had the jurisdiction in the
statue was erected to him on the capitol, with a city, while his colleagues obtained the provinces.
drawn sword in his hand. (Liv. j. 56-60, ii. 1 - During his praetorship he dedicated the temple of
7 ; Dionys. iv. 67-85, v. 1–18; Macrob. ii. the Great Idaean Mother, on which occasion the
16 ; Dion. Cass. xlii. 45; Plut. Brut. 1. ) Megalesian games were performed for the first
The contradictions and chronological impossibi- time. (Dict. of Ant. s. v. Megalesia. ) He was one
lities in this account have been pointed out by of the ambassadors sent into Asia in 189, to settle
Niebuhr. (i. p. 511. ) Thus, for instance, the last the terms of peace with Antiochus the Great.
Tarquin is said to have reigned only twenty-five (Liv. xxxiv. 1 ; Val. Max. ix. 1. $ 3 ; Liv. xxxv.
years, and yet Brutus is represented as a child at 24, xxxvi. 2, 36, xxxvii. 55. ) This M. Junius
the beginning of his reign, and the father of young Brutus may be the same as No. 12, who was con-
men at the close of it. Again, the tale of his sul in 178.
idiocy is irreconcileable with his holding the re- 10. P. JUNIUS BRUTUS, probably the brother of
sponsible office of Tribunus Celerum. That he did the preceding, was his colleague in the tribunate,
hold this office seems to be an historical fact (Pom- B. C. 195. He was curule aedile in 192, and prae-
pon. de Orig. Juris, Dig. 1. tit. 2. s. 2. & 15); tor in 190 ; in the latter office he had the province
and the story of his idiocy probably arose from of Etruria, where he remained as propraetor in the
his surname, which may, however, as we have following year, 189. From thence he was sent by
seen, have had a very different meaning originally. the senate into Further Spain, which was decreed
2. T. JUNICS BRUTUS, and
to him as a province. (Liv. xxxiv. 1; Val. Max.
3. Tí. Junius BRUTUS, the sons of the first ix. l. § 3 ; Liv. xxxv. 41, xxxvi. 45, xxxvii. 2,
consul and of Vitellia (Liv. ii. 4), were executed 50, 57. )
by their father's orders, as related above. (Dionys. 11. D. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the trium virs
v. 6—8 ; Liv. ii, 4, 5. )
for founding a colony in the territory of Sipontum,
4. L. JUNIUS BRUTUS, one of the leaders of the B. c. 194. (Liv. xxxiv. 35. )
plebeians in their secession to the Sacred Mount, The annexed stemma exhibits the probable fa-
B. C. 494, is represented by Dionysius as a ple mily connexion of the following persons, Nos 12
beian, who took the surname of Brutus, that his to 17 inclusive.
name might be exactly the same as the first con-
12. M. Junius Brutus, cos. B. c. 178.
bul’s. He was, according to the same authority,
chosen one of the first tribunes of the plebs in this
year, and also plebeian aedile in the year that
15. D. Junius Brutus Gal-
Coriolanus was brought to trial. (Dionys. vi. 70, 13. M. Junius Brutus,
the jurist.
&c. , 87-89, vii. 14, 26. ) This Brutus is not
laecus, cos. B. C. 138.
mentioned by any ancient writer except Dionysius,
.
16. D. Junius Brutus,
and Plutarch (Coriol. 7) who copies from him. 14. M. Junius Brutus,
the accuser.
The old reading in Asconius (in Cornel. p. 76, ed.
cos. B. c.