His influence
extended
even to England.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
A noted American
reformer; born at Boston, Sept. 12, 1797 ; died
at Syracuse, N. Y. , July 1, 1871. He was a Uni-
tarian minister, his longest settlement being at
Syracuse ( 1845-68 ). One of the first and
stanchest abolitionists, his best-known publi-
cation was (Recollections of the Anti-Slavery
Conflict) (1869).
May, Sophie. See Clarke.
May, Thomas. An English poet, dramatist,
and historian; born at Mayfield, Sussex, 1595;
died in London, Nov. 13, 1650. He was secre-
tary and historiographer to the Long Parlia-
ment. His chief work was (History of the
Long Parliament' (1647). He wrote also two
historical poems and five dramas, among the
latter the comedy (The Heir) (1620), and a
tragedy entitled Julius Cæsar. )
May, Thomas Erskine, Sir-Lord Farn-
borough An English writer on the consti-
tution and history of England, etc. ; born in
>
(
## p. 375 (#391) ############################################
MAYER - MAZÈRES
375
:
London, Feb. 8, 1815; died in Westminster Pal.
ace, May 17, 1886. He was called to the bar
in 1838, but the principal part of his life was
spent in the service of the House of Com-
mons as librarian and clerk. His principal
works are : "Constitutional History of Eng-
land' (3d ed. 1871), reprinted in this country,
and translated into French and German; and
(History of Democracy in Europe) (2 vols. ,
1877). Besides these he reduced to order for
the first time the (Rules, Orders, and Forms of
the House of Commons) (1854); published a
(Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings,
and Usage of Parliament) (1844), which be-
came a parliamentary text-book; etc.
Mayer, Alfred Marshall. An American
scientific writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Nov.
13, 1836. Besides his editorial work on the
American Journal of Science, and numerous
contributions to other journals, he has pub-
lished (The Earth a Great Magnet! (1872);
(Light) (1877); (Sound' (1878); and (Sport
with Gun and Rod in American Woods and
Waters) (1883).
Mayer, Brantz. An American journalist,
descriptive writer, and novelist; born at Balti-
more, Md. , Sept. 27, 1809; died there, Feb. 23,
1879. He was a lawyer by profession; became
editor of the Baltimore American; was attached
to the American legation in Mexico, 1841-42;
served in the Civil War. He wrote several
works on Mexico, including (Mexico: Aztec,
Spanish, and Republican) (2 vols. , 1853), his
best work; 'Captain Canot) (1854), a novel; etc.
Mayer, Karl (mi'er). A German poet and
biographer; born at Neckarbischofsheim, Wür-
temberg, March 22, 1786; died at Tübingen,
Feb. 25, 1870. A student of jurisprudence ori-
ginally, he held several important legal and
political positions in his native country. He
belonged to the “Suabian School of poets.
He wrote: Lenau's Letters to a Friend) (2d
ed. 1853); (Songs) (3d ed. 1864); (Uhland,
his Friends and Contemporaries) (2 vols. ,
1867); etc.
Mayhew, Henry. An English humorist; born
in London, Nov. 5, 1812; died July 25, 1887. He
founded the comic paper Figaro, in London;
assisted in founding Punch (1841), of which he
was for several years chief editor. He was a
frequent contributor to the magazines; wrote
several juveniles; and with his brothers Horace
and Augustus, wrote many popular humorous
novels, fairy-tales, and farces. His main work
was London Labor and the London Poor)
(new ed. 1868).
Maynard, François (mā-när'). A French
poet; born at Toulouse, 1582; died at Aurillac,
1646. He was for several years secretary of
Queen Margaret of Navarre ; later a magistrate
of Aurillac; toward the end of his life a Coun-
cilor of State. One of the most correct and
elegant poets of his day, his talent lay in elab-
oration of form rather than force of matter.
Malherbe used to say that of him and Racan
(whose merit was of matter rather than style)
together, a great poet might be made. His spe-
cialty was epigrams. (Poetical Works,' 1646.
(Letters,' 1653. )
Mayne, Jasper. An English divine, poet,
and dramatist ; born in Devonshire, 1604; died
1672. He was archdeacon of Chichester, and
chaplain in ordinary to Charles II. Besides
sermons and poems, he wrote (The City Match)
(new ed. 1659), one of the best of early Eng.
glish comedies; (The Amorous Warre) (new
ed. 1659), a tragicomedy; etc.
Mayne, John. A Scottish poet; born at
Dumfries, 1759; died 1836. He was editor of
the London Star. Among his publications are:
(The Siller Gun (new ed. Edinburgh, 1836);
and "Glasgow) (1803), a descriptive poem.
Mayo, Mrs. Isabella (Fyvie). [“Edward
Garrett. ” ] A Scottish novelist ; born in Lon-
don, 1843. She has resided in Aberdeen since
1877. Among her works are : (Occupations of
a Retired Life) (1868); Friends and Acquaint-
ances) (2d ed. 1872); (By Still Waters) (new
ed. 1886); (The Capel Girls) (new ed. 1877);
(The House by the Works) (new ed. 1881);
(Equal to the Occasion (1887); etc.
Mayo, Robert. An American historical
writer; born in Powhatan County, Va. , April
25, 1784; died in Washington, D. C. , Oct. 31,
1864. Among his publications are: (View of
Ancient Geography and History) (1813); New
System of Mythology) (4 vols. , 1815-19); and
(The Treasury Department: its Origin, Organi-
zation, and Operations) (1847).
Mazade, Charles de (mä-zad'). A French
publicist and critic; born at Castel-Sarrazin,
March 19, 1820; died in Paris, April 27, 1893. He
was one of the most tasteful of French prose-
writers. Ile wrote: "Contemporary Spain
(1855); Modern Italy) (1860); 'Two Women of
the Revolution' (Marie Antoinette and Madame
Roland: 1866); "Lamartine's Literary and Polit-
ical Life) (1872); (The War of France) (2 vols. ,
1875); "Character Studies in the Moral and Po.
litical History of the Time) (1875); (The Royal-
ist Opposition' (1894); etc. He also edited (Mar-
shal Davoust's Correspondence (4 vols. , 1885).
Maze, Hippolyte (mäz). A French states-
man and historian; born at Arras, Nov. 5, 1839;
died in Paris, Oct. 25, 1891. He was twice
elected deputy for Versailles (1879 and 1881),
and twice senator (1886 and 1891). He wrote:
(The Governments of France from the 17th to
the 19th Century) (1864); (The Republic of
the United States) (1869); (The Struggle against
Want) (1883); (The Generals of the Republic)
(1889); etc.
Mazères, Édouard (mä-zárº). A French dra-
matic writer ; born in Paris, 1796; died there,
1866. When a young man he was in the army;
was prefect of the department at Le Cher.
He wrote the comedies' The Young Husband)
(1826); (Each for Himself) (1828);( The Friend-
ship of Women (1849); (The Pearl Necklace)
(1851); etc. His greatest successes came from
>
## p. 376 (#392) ############################################
376
MAZURANIC -- MEISSNER
:
plays written in collaboration : as (The Found-
ling' (1824); (Three Quarters) (1827), which
was very popular, with Picard; (The Uncle
from America) (1826), “Quackery) (1828), etc. ,
with Scribe ; (Mother and Daughter' (1830),
etc. , with Empis.
Mazuranic, Ivan (mä-zhö-rän'yich). The
greatest of Croatian poets; born at Novi, about
1813. He was procurator-general in 1850; pres-
ident of the Croat-Slavonian high court of just-
ice, 1861; governor, 1873-80. His chief work
is the epic Death of Smail-aga Cengic (Jen-
ghiz Khan] (1846; several editions), translated
into Bohemian, Polish, Russian, Slovenic, and
German. He wrote the notable political
pamphlet (The Croats to the Magyars) (1848).
Mazzini, Joseph (mät-sē'nē). An Italian
patriot; born at Genoa, June 28 (? ), 1805; died
at Pisa, March 10, 1872. Upon the fall of the
Revolutionary government of 1848, in Rome,
Mazzini fled to Switzerland, and from there
was driven to England. He was concerned in
the revolutionary movements of 1852, 1853, and
1857, and so on down to the occupation of Rome
in 1870. He wrote much in English and French.
His commentaries on Dante's works are very
important, and his essays on affairs in Europe
and criticisms on the great writers of Europe
are most eloquent and discerning. His Me.
moirs) were printed in 1875. (Complete
Works, 18 vols. , 1861-91. ) *
Mazzoni, Guido (mat-so'nē). An Italian
poet and scholar; born at Florence, June 12,
1859. He became professor of Italian litera-
ture in the University of Padua, 1887. He
has written : (Epigrams) (1880); (Experiments
in Metre) (1882); ( Poems) (1883); (New Poems)
(1886); Literary Reviews) (1887); Among
Books and Papers) (1887); etc.
Mead, Edwin Doak. An American histor-
ical writer and lecturer; born in Chesterfield,
N. H. , Sept. 29, 1849. He is the author of (The
Philosophy of Carlyle) (1881), and (Martin
Luther : a Study of the Reformation) (1884).
He is editor of the New England Magazine
(1897).
Meason, Malcolm Ronald Laing (me'zon).
A Scottish soldier, editor, journalist, and story-
writer; born at Edinburgh, 1824. Entering the
army (1839), he served with distinction in India ;
edited the Bombay Telegraph 1851-54; has
been special correspondent for the London
Daily News and Daily Telegraph, the New
York Herald, etc. He has written : (The Bub-
bles of Finance) (1865); (The Profits of Panics)
(1866); (Turf Frauds) (1875); (Three Months
after Date, and Other Tales); (Sir William's
Speculations) (1886); etc.
Medici, Lorenzo de' (med'ê-che), called the
Magnificent. A celebrated Florentine states-
man and patron of letters (1449-1492). He
wrote many fine poems in Italian and Latin,
and contributed much of his wealth to literary
undertakings.
Meding, Oskar (mā'ding). (“Gregor Sa.
marow. ”) A German statesman and historical
novelist; born at Königsberg, Prussia, April
11, 1829. After holding othice in Prussia, he en-
tered the public service of Hanover (1859), and
became councilor of State. He has resided
since 1873 in Berlin. Among his works are:
(For Sceptres and Crowns) (1872–76); “Heights
and Depths) (1879-80); "Summit and Abyss
(1888); Memoranda for Contemporary His-
tory) (1881-84); a short biography of the Em-
peror William I. , entitled (Eighty-nine Years
in Faith, Struggle, and Victory) (1886).
Meek, Alexander Beaufort (mék). An
American jurist, journalist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Columbia, S. C. , July 17, 1814;
died at Columbus, Miss. , Nov. 30, 1865. He
served in the Seminole war, 1836; was attorney-
general of Alabama, 1836; judge of Tuscaloosa
County, 1842-44; member of the Legislature
in 1853, where and when he established the
free-school system of Alabama; Speaker of
the Alabama House, 1859. Besides a legal di-
gest (1842), he wrote : (The Red Eagle) (1855);
(Songs and Poems of the South) (1857); "Ro-
mantic Passages in Southwestern History'
(1857); (History of Alabama) (unpublished);
etc. His best-known poem is (The Charge at
Balaklava.
Meï, Lev Aleksandrovich (mā'ē). A Russian
poet; born at Moscow, Feb. 13, 1822; died at
St. Petersburg, May 16, 1862. He was long in
the government employ at St. Petersburg. He
wrote a modern rendering of “The Tale of the
Troop of Igor); the historical dramas (The
Tsar's Bride(1849), (Servilia' (1854), “The
Women of Pskov) (1860); numerous short po-
ems, etc. (Works, 3 vols. , 1863–65. )
Meilhac, Henri (mā-yäc'). A noted French
dramatist; born in Paris, Feb. 23, 1831. He has
written (mostly in collaboration with Ludovic
Halévy): “What Pleases the Men (1860); (La
Belle Hélène) (1865); (Bluebeard' (1866); 'The
Grand Duchess of Gerolstein (1867); "La Péri-
chole) (1869); (Froufrou) (1869); etc. Several
of his pieces have been used by Offenbach as
opera-bouffe librettos.
Meinhold, Johann Wilhelm (min'hõlt). A
German clergyman; born at Netzelkow, Use-
dom Island, Feb. 27, 1797 ; died at Charlotten-
burg, Nov. 30, 1851. He was settled at Usedom
and Coserow. His books are (Maria Schweid-
ler) (1843) and (Sidonia von Bork, both pur-
porting to be mediæval manuscripts discovered
by Meinhold; his object being to show the
Biblical critics, through the deception, that in-
ternal evidence as to the antiquity of works is
not reliable. Both the works were successful
and popular. *
Meissner, Alfred (mis'nėr). A German poet
and novelist; born at Teplitz, Oct. 15, 1822;
died at Bregenz, May 29, 1885. He lived at
Prague (1850–69) and Bregenz (1869-85). His
principal works are : the revolutionary (Poems)
(1845); the epic (Ziska' (1846); the romances
## p. 377 (#393) ############################################
MELANCHTHON - MENDELSSOHN
377
(Sansara' (3d ed. 1861), (Dark Yellow) (1862–
64), Norbert Norson) (1883). ((Works,'18
vols. , 1871-73. )
Melanchthon, Philipp (me-langk'thon). (A
Greek translation of his real name Schwarzerd,
black earth. ”] A famous German theologian
and religious reformer; born at Bretten, Baden,
Feb. 16, 1497 ; died at Wittenberg, April 19, 1560.
He was professor of Greek at Wittenberg
(1518), and Luther's chief literary helper in
the German Reformation ; revised the Augsburg
Confession (1530); wrote the (Apology' (1530);
etc.
His influence extended even to England.
His principal theological work was 'Loci Com-
munes) (Places in Common : 1521), of which
over sixty editions were issued during his life.
time. The best edition of his works is in 24
vols. , in the (Corpus Reformatorum' (Body
of Reformers: 1834-60).
Meleager (mel-e-ā'jér). A Greek poet; born
at Gadara, Palestine; flourished about the mid-
dle of the first century B. C. He is best known
as a writer of epigrams on love; and by his
(Stephanos) (Garland), a compilation made up
of short poems taken from the writings of some
forty poets, alphabetically arranged, with an
introduction ir verse by himself. The best edi-
tion of his own poems, edited by Gräfe, was
published at Leipzig, 1811.
Melendez Valdes, Juan, Don (mā-len'deth
väl-dās'). A Spanish poet; born at Ribera del
Fresno, March 11, 1754; died at Montpellier,
France, May 24, 1817. He was professor of
the humanities at Salamanca (1781); afterward
entered public life; the lasting unpopularity
incurred by siding with the French on their
invasion of Spain forced him in 1811 into exile,
where he died. He was one of the most promi-
nent figures in Spanish literary life during the
18th century. (Poetical works, best edition,
Paris, 1820. )
Melgar, Mariano (māl-gar'). A Peruvian
poet; born at Arequipa, Peru, 1791 ; shot at
Cuzco, March 10, 1815, having been taken
prisoner in Pumacagua's rebellion. Affected
by a disappointment in love, nearly all his
verse was sad. Many of his lyrics were set to
music, and are among the most popular songs
of the Spanish-American country-folk.
Meli, Giovanni (mā'lē). The greatest of
Sicilian poets; born at Palermo, March 4, 1740;
died there, Dec. 20, 1815. He was professor
of pharmaceutical chemistry in the University
of Palermo (1787). His best work was his
songs, some of which recall Anacreon and The-
ocritus; next, his witty satires and fables. He
wrote also two epics, and the heroi-comic
poem (Don Chisciotte, an elaboration and
continuation of Cervantes's (Don Quixote.
(Works,' poetical and scientific, 8 vols. , Pa-
lermo, 1830. )
Meline, James Florant. An American his.
torical writer; born at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. ,
1811; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Aug. 14, 1873.
His later years were devoted to literary work.
Three of a series of articles on Savonarola
have been published. Most noted of his works
are : (Two Thousand Miles on Horseback )
(1867); (Mary Queen of Scots, and her Latest
English Historian,' an attack upon Froude's
view of the subject; and Life of Sixtus the
Fifth' (1871).
Mellin, Gustaf Henrik (mel-lēn'). A Swed-
ish novelist; born at Revolax, Finland, April
23, 1803; died Aug. 2, 1876. He was a pastor
at Norra Wram (1851). Most of his novels
deal with Swedish history. Among them are :
(The Flower of Kinnekulle) (3d ed. 1831);
(Sivard Kruse's Wedding) (2d ed. 1832); (Anna
Reibnitz (2d ed. 1833). He produced also his-
torical, biographical, and poetical writings.
("Works, Stockholm, 1852. )
Melo or Mello, Francisco Manuel de (mā'.
lo or mel’lo). A Portuguese historian and poet ;
born at Lisbon, Nov. 23, 1611; died there, Oct.
13, 1665. He served with distinction in the
Spanish army in Flanders; was imprisoned for
nine years, and banished to Brazil, on a false
charge of murder. He wrote sometimes in
Spanish, sometimes in Portuguese. Among his
voluminous works are: (History of the Dis-
turbances, Separation, and War of Catalonia,
in the Time of Philip IV. (1645; best ed. Paris,
2 vols. , 1826-32); (The Three Muses of Melo-
dino) (1649), containing his poems, mostly sa-
tirical and comic.
Melville, George John Whyte. See Whyte-
Melville.
Melville, Herman. A noted American writer
of travel and adventure; born at New York,
Aug. 1, 1819; died there, Sept. 28, 1891. Going
to sea as a cabin-boy, he spent a number of
years in travel. His most famous books were
(Typee) (1846), and "Omoo) (1847), narrating
his adventures in the Marquesas Islands; others
were (White Jacket) (1850), Moby Dick'
(1851), and a number of other stories, and three
volumes of poems. He lectured in the United
States in 1857. *
Menander (me-nan'dėr). A famous Greek
comic poet; born at Athens, 342 B. C. ; died
about 291 B. C. See Kock's (Fragments of the
Attic Comedians) (vol. 3, Leipzig, 1888), and
article Philemon, Menander, and the Lost
Attic Comedy,' in the Library. ' *
Mencius (men'shi-us). Latinized from Meng-
tse (meng-tse'). A famous Chinese philoso-
pher; born at Tsow-hien, 372 B. C. ; died about
289 B. C. He was a follower of Confucius,
whose influence he revived. Twenty-nine years
he spent in traveling about China preaching,
but with small success; his last fifteen years
were passed with his disciples in retirement.
His sayings are contained in the last of the
Chinese (Four Books. They can be seen in
English in the second volume of Legge's Chi-
nese Classics) (London, 1875). * (See (Chi-
nese Literature) in Library. ')
Mendelssohn, Moses (men'del-sõn). A fa-
mous Jewish philosopher; born at Dessau,
## p. 378 (#394) ############################################
378
MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY - MENZEL
Anhalt, Germany, Sept. 6, 1729; died at Berlin,
Jan. 4, 1786. He has been called “the Ger-
man Socrates. He wrote on religious, moral,
æsthetic, and practical questions, in a semi-
philosophical, common-sense way, popularizing
the philosophy of Leibnitz and Wolf, and bring-
ing into notice that of Spinoza. Among his
friends were Lessing, Nicolai, Herder, Wie-
land, etc. He wrote : (Phædon' (1767), a dia-
logue on the immortality of the soul, which
won a European reputation; Jerusalem (1783);
(Morning Hours) (1785); etc. ((Works,' Leip-
zig, 1843-45. )
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (men'del.
sõn-bär-töl'de). An eminent German composer
and musician, grandson of Moses; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 3, 1809; died at Leipzig, Nov. 4,
1847. Apart from his musical works, between
one and two hundred in number, he was a vo-
luminous correspondent. His Letters) were
published in 1861 and 1863 (English translation,
1862-63); "Letters to the Moscheles) (1888);
"Selected Letters) (London, 1894). *
Mendès, Catulle (mon-des'). A French poet
and novelist; born at Bordeaux, May 22, 1843.
His verse is marked by extreme devotion to
form; his style has been called the cameo-art
in literature. The collection entitled (Poesies)
appeared in 1878. In prose he has written :
(Love's Follies) (1877), (Parisian Monsters)
(1882), “To Read at the Bath) (1884), etc. ; the
dramas (Captain Fracasse) (1872), "Fiamette)
(1889), etc. His best novel is "Grande-Maguet!
(1888). *
Mendes Leal da Silva, José (men'dās lā-äl'
dä sēl'vä). A distinguished Portuguese states-
man and poet; born at Lisbon, Oct. 18, 1818;
died at Cintra, Aug. 14, 1886. He was minister
of the navy and of foreign affairs; ambassa-
dor to France 1874-83; to Spain 1883-86. His
(Songs) were published in 1858. He wrote
also a large number of plays, some of them
very popular on the Portuguese stage, as (Uncle
Andrew from Brazil) and (The Sportsman';
and several romances.
Mendez-Pinto, Feriao or Fernam (men'.
deth-pen-to). A Portuguese traveler; born near
Coimbra about 1510; died near Lisbon, 1583.
He spent many romantic years as a traveler in
the East, being repeatedly captured, often sold
as a slave, acquiring a large fortune, becoming
for a time a Jesuit, founding a Roman Catho-
lic seminary in Japan, etc. He wrote (Mendez-
Pinto's Pilgrimage (1614), which was translated
into the principal European languages, and has
become a Portuguese classic.
Mendive, Rafael Maria de (mān-dē'vā). A
Cuban poet; born in Havana, 1821 ; died in
1886. His first collection of poems ( 1847 ),
entitled (Passion-Flowers,' is widely popular.
Banished in 1869, he lived alternately in New
York and Nassau, writing legends and stories
in verse. He was one of the best of Spanish-
American poets; many of his verses received
English, French, and Italian translations. A
new edition appeared in 1860, published by
the Spanish critic Don Manuel Cañete.
Mendoza, Antonio Hurtado de (men-dö'thä).
A Spanish dramatist and poet; born about
1590; died 1644. He was private secretary of
Philip IV. , and a member of the Inquisition.
Among his best plays are «The Obligations
of Lying,' and (The Husband Makes the Wife.
He wrote also many ballads and lyrics, and
a 'Life of Our Lady) in about 800 roundelays.
Mendoza, Diego Hurtado. A distinguished
Spanish statesman, satirist, and historian; born
in the palace of the Alhambra at Granada,
1503; died at Valladolid, 1575. Intended ori-
ginally for the Church, he entered the army
instead, and rose high in public life. His chief
works are, first, the famous satiric romance
(Little Lazarus of Tormes) (1553, and afterward
many editions), which was translated into a
number of languages (English by Blakeston,
1670), provoked many imitations, and created
that new department in Spanish literature which
finally produced (Gil Blas); and second, the
(War of Granada) (first complete edition, 1776).
("Works, Vols. iii. , xxi. , xxxii. , xxxvi. , of Riva.
deneyra's (Library of Spanish Authors. ')
Mendoza, Inigo Lopez de. See Santillana.
Menendez y Pelayo, Marcelino (mā-nen'-
deth ē pā-lä'yo). A Spanish scholar, historian,
and poet; born at Santander, 1855. He is pro-
fessor of Spanish literature at the University
of Madrid, and one of the most brilliant writers
of modern Spain. His History of Spanish
Heterodoxy' (3 vols. , 1880-82), in which he de.
fended the Inquisition, and declared against
modern liberalism and science, has excited
much discussion. Other prose works are : (His-
tory of Æsthetic Ideas in Spain (1884-91);
"Calderon and his Plays) (3d ed. 1885); (Span-
ish Science) (3d ed. 1887-89); etc. His best
poetry is contained in (Odes, Epistles, and
Tragedies) (1883).
Menken, Adah Isaacs. An American-Jewish
poet and actress ; born near New Orleans, 1835 ;
died 1868. Her maiden name was Dolores
Adios Fuertes. Married four times (once to the
pugilist John C. Heenan), she was generally
known by the name of her first husband, Alex.
ander Isaacs Menken. Her verses show po-
etic ability uncultivated. She published: (Mem-
ories); “Infelicia) (1868).
Menzel, Wolfgang. A German critic and
miscellaneous writer; born at Waldenburg, Si-
lesia, June 21, 1798; died at Stuttgart, April
23, 1873. He was member of the Würtemberg
Assembly (1830–38) and Chamber (1848-49);
editor for many years of the Literaturblatt
(Journal of Literature). His writings were very
varied. The best known were : (German Lit-
erature) (1828; English translation in Ripley's
(Specimens of Foreign Literature, Boston,
1840); a collection of critiques, “History of the
Germans) (6th ed. 1872–73; English translation
by Horrocks, London, 1849); (History of Ger-
man Poetry) (2d ed. 1875); (Rübezahl) (1829);
.
## p. 379 (#395) ############################################
MERCATOR- MERLIN
379
(
.
(Narcissus) (1830), two tales; ( Furore) (1851),
a romance ; etc.
Mercator (Latinized from his real name,
Kramer), Gerhard (mér-kā'tor). A celebrated
Flemish geographer; born at Rupelmonde, Bel-
gium, March 5, 1512; died at Duisburg, Prussia,
Dec. 2, 1594. He invented the “Mercator sys-
tem” of projection of the earth's surface, made
familiar in our atlases. His chief works were
(Geographical Maps according to Ptolemy)
(1578-84); and (Atlas) (1595), which made an
epoch in cartography.
Mercier, (Louis) Sébastien (măr-s7-yā'). A
French dramatist and essayist; born at Paris,
June 6, 1740; died there, April 25, 1814. He
was a member of the Five Hundred; professor
of history at the Central School, Paris; mem-
ber of the National Institute. His dramatic
works appeared in four volumes at Amsterdam,
1778–84. His most important writings were :
(Picture of Paris) (12 vols. , 1781-90), a descrip-
tion of Parisian life; New Paris ) (6 vols. ,
1800), a description of Parisian life during the
Revolution. My Night-Cap) (4 vols. , 1784)
was an attack on classicism. He was a very
prolific writer, and made the first French trans-
lation of Schiller's (Maid of Orleans.
Meredith, George. A great English novel-
ist and poet; born in Hampshire, 1828. He
has published: (Poems) (1851); (The Shaving
of Shagpat) (1855); (Farina: a Legend of Co-
logne) (1857); ( The Ordeal of Richard Feverel?
(1859); Mary Bertrand) (1860); (Evan Har-
rington (1861); Modern Love) (1862), poems;
(Emilia in England (1864), subsequently re-
published under the title (Sandra Belloni);
(Rhoda Fleming' (1865); (Vittoria) (1866);
(The Adventures of Harry Richmond' (1871);
(Beauchamp's Career) (1875); (The Egoist)
(1879);( The Tragic Comedians) (1881);Poems
and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth (1883); “Diana
of the Crossways) (1885); (Ballads and Poems
of Tragic Life) (1887); (A Reading of Earth)
(1888); "One of our Conquerors) (1890); (The
Empty Purse (1892), poems; Lord Ormont
and his Aminta) (1894); (The Amazing Mar.
riage) (1895). His shorter prose tales include:
(The Tale of Chloe ); (The House on the
Beach); «The Case of General Ople and Lady
Camper. *
Meredith, Owen. See Lytton.
Mérimée, Prosper (mā-rê-mā').
reformer; born at Boston, Sept. 12, 1797 ; died
at Syracuse, N. Y. , July 1, 1871. He was a Uni-
tarian minister, his longest settlement being at
Syracuse ( 1845-68 ). One of the first and
stanchest abolitionists, his best-known publi-
cation was (Recollections of the Anti-Slavery
Conflict) (1869).
May, Sophie. See Clarke.
May, Thomas. An English poet, dramatist,
and historian; born at Mayfield, Sussex, 1595;
died in London, Nov. 13, 1650. He was secre-
tary and historiographer to the Long Parlia-
ment. His chief work was (History of the
Long Parliament' (1647). He wrote also two
historical poems and five dramas, among the
latter the comedy (The Heir) (1620), and a
tragedy entitled Julius Cæsar. )
May, Thomas Erskine, Sir-Lord Farn-
borough An English writer on the consti-
tution and history of England, etc. ; born in
>
(
## p. 375 (#391) ############################################
MAYER - MAZÈRES
375
:
London, Feb. 8, 1815; died in Westminster Pal.
ace, May 17, 1886. He was called to the bar
in 1838, but the principal part of his life was
spent in the service of the House of Com-
mons as librarian and clerk. His principal
works are : "Constitutional History of Eng-
land' (3d ed. 1871), reprinted in this country,
and translated into French and German; and
(History of Democracy in Europe) (2 vols. ,
1877). Besides these he reduced to order for
the first time the (Rules, Orders, and Forms of
the House of Commons) (1854); published a
(Treatise on the Law, Privileges, Proceedings,
and Usage of Parliament) (1844), which be-
came a parliamentary text-book; etc.
Mayer, Alfred Marshall. An American
scientific writer; born in Baltimore, Md. , Nov.
13, 1836. Besides his editorial work on the
American Journal of Science, and numerous
contributions to other journals, he has pub-
lished (The Earth a Great Magnet! (1872);
(Light) (1877); (Sound' (1878); and (Sport
with Gun and Rod in American Woods and
Waters) (1883).
Mayer, Brantz. An American journalist,
descriptive writer, and novelist; born at Balti-
more, Md. , Sept. 27, 1809; died there, Feb. 23,
1879. He was a lawyer by profession; became
editor of the Baltimore American; was attached
to the American legation in Mexico, 1841-42;
served in the Civil War. He wrote several
works on Mexico, including (Mexico: Aztec,
Spanish, and Republican) (2 vols. , 1853), his
best work; 'Captain Canot) (1854), a novel; etc.
Mayer, Karl (mi'er). A German poet and
biographer; born at Neckarbischofsheim, Wür-
temberg, March 22, 1786; died at Tübingen,
Feb. 25, 1870. A student of jurisprudence ori-
ginally, he held several important legal and
political positions in his native country. He
belonged to the “Suabian School of poets.
He wrote: Lenau's Letters to a Friend) (2d
ed. 1853); (Songs) (3d ed. 1864); (Uhland,
his Friends and Contemporaries) (2 vols. ,
1867); etc.
Mayhew, Henry. An English humorist; born
in London, Nov. 5, 1812; died July 25, 1887. He
founded the comic paper Figaro, in London;
assisted in founding Punch (1841), of which he
was for several years chief editor. He was a
frequent contributor to the magazines; wrote
several juveniles; and with his brothers Horace
and Augustus, wrote many popular humorous
novels, fairy-tales, and farces. His main work
was London Labor and the London Poor)
(new ed. 1868).
Maynard, François (mā-när'). A French
poet; born at Toulouse, 1582; died at Aurillac,
1646. He was for several years secretary of
Queen Margaret of Navarre ; later a magistrate
of Aurillac; toward the end of his life a Coun-
cilor of State. One of the most correct and
elegant poets of his day, his talent lay in elab-
oration of form rather than force of matter.
Malherbe used to say that of him and Racan
(whose merit was of matter rather than style)
together, a great poet might be made. His spe-
cialty was epigrams. (Poetical Works,' 1646.
(Letters,' 1653. )
Mayne, Jasper. An English divine, poet,
and dramatist ; born in Devonshire, 1604; died
1672. He was archdeacon of Chichester, and
chaplain in ordinary to Charles II. Besides
sermons and poems, he wrote (The City Match)
(new ed. 1659), one of the best of early Eng.
glish comedies; (The Amorous Warre) (new
ed. 1659), a tragicomedy; etc.
Mayne, John. A Scottish poet; born at
Dumfries, 1759; died 1836. He was editor of
the London Star. Among his publications are:
(The Siller Gun (new ed. Edinburgh, 1836);
and "Glasgow) (1803), a descriptive poem.
Mayo, Mrs. Isabella (Fyvie). [“Edward
Garrett. ” ] A Scottish novelist ; born in Lon-
don, 1843. She has resided in Aberdeen since
1877. Among her works are : (Occupations of
a Retired Life) (1868); Friends and Acquaint-
ances) (2d ed. 1872); (By Still Waters) (new
ed. 1886); (The Capel Girls) (new ed. 1877);
(The House by the Works) (new ed. 1881);
(Equal to the Occasion (1887); etc.
Mayo, Robert. An American historical
writer; born in Powhatan County, Va. , April
25, 1784; died in Washington, D. C. , Oct. 31,
1864. Among his publications are: (View of
Ancient Geography and History) (1813); New
System of Mythology) (4 vols. , 1815-19); and
(The Treasury Department: its Origin, Organi-
zation, and Operations) (1847).
Mazade, Charles de (mä-zad'). A French
publicist and critic; born at Castel-Sarrazin,
March 19, 1820; died in Paris, April 27, 1893. He
was one of the most tasteful of French prose-
writers. Ile wrote: "Contemporary Spain
(1855); Modern Italy) (1860); 'Two Women of
the Revolution' (Marie Antoinette and Madame
Roland: 1866); "Lamartine's Literary and Polit-
ical Life) (1872); (The War of France) (2 vols. ,
1875); "Character Studies in the Moral and Po.
litical History of the Time) (1875); (The Royal-
ist Opposition' (1894); etc. He also edited (Mar-
shal Davoust's Correspondence (4 vols. , 1885).
Maze, Hippolyte (mäz). A French states-
man and historian; born at Arras, Nov. 5, 1839;
died in Paris, Oct. 25, 1891. He was twice
elected deputy for Versailles (1879 and 1881),
and twice senator (1886 and 1891). He wrote:
(The Governments of France from the 17th to
the 19th Century) (1864); (The Republic of
the United States) (1869); (The Struggle against
Want) (1883); (The Generals of the Republic)
(1889); etc.
Mazères, Édouard (mä-zárº). A French dra-
matic writer ; born in Paris, 1796; died there,
1866. When a young man he was in the army;
was prefect of the department at Le Cher.
He wrote the comedies' The Young Husband)
(1826); (Each for Himself) (1828);( The Friend-
ship of Women (1849); (The Pearl Necklace)
(1851); etc. His greatest successes came from
>
## p. 376 (#392) ############################################
376
MAZURANIC -- MEISSNER
:
plays written in collaboration : as (The Found-
ling' (1824); (Three Quarters) (1827), which
was very popular, with Picard; (The Uncle
from America) (1826), “Quackery) (1828), etc. ,
with Scribe ; (Mother and Daughter' (1830),
etc. , with Empis.
Mazuranic, Ivan (mä-zhö-rän'yich). The
greatest of Croatian poets; born at Novi, about
1813. He was procurator-general in 1850; pres-
ident of the Croat-Slavonian high court of just-
ice, 1861; governor, 1873-80. His chief work
is the epic Death of Smail-aga Cengic (Jen-
ghiz Khan] (1846; several editions), translated
into Bohemian, Polish, Russian, Slovenic, and
German. He wrote the notable political
pamphlet (The Croats to the Magyars) (1848).
Mazzini, Joseph (mät-sē'nē). An Italian
patriot; born at Genoa, June 28 (? ), 1805; died
at Pisa, March 10, 1872. Upon the fall of the
Revolutionary government of 1848, in Rome,
Mazzini fled to Switzerland, and from there
was driven to England. He was concerned in
the revolutionary movements of 1852, 1853, and
1857, and so on down to the occupation of Rome
in 1870. He wrote much in English and French.
His commentaries on Dante's works are very
important, and his essays on affairs in Europe
and criticisms on the great writers of Europe
are most eloquent and discerning. His Me.
moirs) were printed in 1875. (Complete
Works, 18 vols. , 1861-91. ) *
Mazzoni, Guido (mat-so'nē). An Italian
poet and scholar; born at Florence, June 12,
1859. He became professor of Italian litera-
ture in the University of Padua, 1887. He
has written : (Epigrams) (1880); (Experiments
in Metre) (1882); ( Poems) (1883); (New Poems)
(1886); Literary Reviews) (1887); Among
Books and Papers) (1887); etc.
Mead, Edwin Doak. An American histor-
ical writer and lecturer; born in Chesterfield,
N. H. , Sept. 29, 1849. He is the author of (The
Philosophy of Carlyle) (1881), and (Martin
Luther : a Study of the Reformation) (1884).
He is editor of the New England Magazine
(1897).
Meason, Malcolm Ronald Laing (me'zon).
A Scottish soldier, editor, journalist, and story-
writer; born at Edinburgh, 1824. Entering the
army (1839), he served with distinction in India ;
edited the Bombay Telegraph 1851-54; has
been special correspondent for the London
Daily News and Daily Telegraph, the New
York Herald, etc. He has written : (The Bub-
bles of Finance) (1865); (The Profits of Panics)
(1866); (Turf Frauds) (1875); (Three Months
after Date, and Other Tales); (Sir William's
Speculations) (1886); etc.
Medici, Lorenzo de' (med'ê-che), called the
Magnificent. A celebrated Florentine states-
man and patron of letters (1449-1492). He
wrote many fine poems in Italian and Latin,
and contributed much of his wealth to literary
undertakings.
Meding, Oskar (mā'ding). (“Gregor Sa.
marow. ”) A German statesman and historical
novelist; born at Königsberg, Prussia, April
11, 1829. After holding othice in Prussia, he en-
tered the public service of Hanover (1859), and
became councilor of State. He has resided
since 1873 in Berlin. Among his works are:
(For Sceptres and Crowns) (1872–76); “Heights
and Depths) (1879-80); "Summit and Abyss
(1888); Memoranda for Contemporary His-
tory) (1881-84); a short biography of the Em-
peror William I. , entitled (Eighty-nine Years
in Faith, Struggle, and Victory) (1886).
Meek, Alexander Beaufort (mék). An
American jurist, journalist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Columbia, S. C. , July 17, 1814;
died at Columbus, Miss. , Nov. 30, 1865. He
served in the Seminole war, 1836; was attorney-
general of Alabama, 1836; judge of Tuscaloosa
County, 1842-44; member of the Legislature
in 1853, where and when he established the
free-school system of Alabama; Speaker of
the Alabama House, 1859. Besides a legal di-
gest (1842), he wrote : (The Red Eagle) (1855);
(Songs and Poems of the South) (1857); "Ro-
mantic Passages in Southwestern History'
(1857); (History of Alabama) (unpublished);
etc. His best-known poem is (The Charge at
Balaklava.
Meï, Lev Aleksandrovich (mā'ē). A Russian
poet; born at Moscow, Feb. 13, 1822; died at
St. Petersburg, May 16, 1862. He was long in
the government employ at St. Petersburg. He
wrote a modern rendering of “The Tale of the
Troop of Igor); the historical dramas (The
Tsar's Bride(1849), (Servilia' (1854), “The
Women of Pskov) (1860); numerous short po-
ems, etc. (Works, 3 vols. , 1863–65. )
Meilhac, Henri (mā-yäc'). A noted French
dramatist; born in Paris, Feb. 23, 1831. He has
written (mostly in collaboration with Ludovic
Halévy): “What Pleases the Men (1860); (La
Belle Hélène) (1865); (Bluebeard' (1866); 'The
Grand Duchess of Gerolstein (1867); "La Péri-
chole) (1869); (Froufrou) (1869); etc. Several
of his pieces have been used by Offenbach as
opera-bouffe librettos.
Meinhold, Johann Wilhelm (min'hõlt). A
German clergyman; born at Netzelkow, Use-
dom Island, Feb. 27, 1797 ; died at Charlotten-
burg, Nov. 30, 1851. He was settled at Usedom
and Coserow. His books are (Maria Schweid-
ler) (1843) and (Sidonia von Bork, both pur-
porting to be mediæval manuscripts discovered
by Meinhold; his object being to show the
Biblical critics, through the deception, that in-
ternal evidence as to the antiquity of works is
not reliable. Both the works were successful
and popular. *
Meissner, Alfred (mis'nėr). A German poet
and novelist; born at Teplitz, Oct. 15, 1822;
died at Bregenz, May 29, 1885. He lived at
Prague (1850–69) and Bregenz (1869-85). His
principal works are : the revolutionary (Poems)
(1845); the epic (Ziska' (1846); the romances
## p. 377 (#393) ############################################
MELANCHTHON - MENDELSSOHN
377
(Sansara' (3d ed. 1861), (Dark Yellow) (1862–
64), Norbert Norson) (1883). ((Works,'18
vols. , 1871-73. )
Melanchthon, Philipp (me-langk'thon). (A
Greek translation of his real name Schwarzerd,
black earth. ”] A famous German theologian
and religious reformer; born at Bretten, Baden,
Feb. 16, 1497 ; died at Wittenberg, April 19, 1560.
He was professor of Greek at Wittenberg
(1518), and Luther's chief literary helper in
the German Reformation ; revised the Augsburg
Confession (1530); wrote the (Apology' (1530);
etc.
His influence extended even to England.
His principal theological work was 'Loci Com-
munes) (Places in Common : 1521), of which
over sixty editions were issued during his life.
time. The best edition of his works is in 24
vols. , in the (Corpus Reformatorum' (Body
of Reformers: 1834-60).
Meleager (mel-e-ā'jér). A Greek poet; born
at Gadara, Palestine; flourished about the mid-
dle of the first century B. C. He is best known
as a writer of epigrams on love; and by his
(Stephanos) (Garland), a compilation made up
of short poems taken from the writings of some
forty poets, alphabetically arranged, with an
introduction ir verse by himself. The best edi-
tion of his own poems, edited by Gräfe, was
published at Leipzig, 1811.
Melendez Valdes, Juan, Don (mā-len'deth
väl-dās'). A Spanish poet; born at Ribera del
Fresno, March 11, 1754; died at Montpellier,
France, May 24, 1817. He was professor of
the humanities at Salamanca (1781); afterward
entered public life; the lasting unpopularity
incurred by siding with the French on their
invasion of Spain forced him in 1811 into exile,
where he died. He was one of the most promi-
nent figures in Spanish literary life during the
18th century. (Poetical works, best edition,
Paris, 1820. )
Melgar, Mariano (māl-gar'). A Peruvian
poet; born at Arequipa, Peru, 1791 ; shot at
Cuzco, March 10, 1815, having been taken
prisoner in Pumacagua's rebellion. Affected
by a disappointment in love, nearly all his
verse was sad. Many of his lyrics were set to
music, and are among the most popular songs
of the Spanish-American country-folk.
Meli, Giovanni (mā'lē). The greatest of
Sicilian poets; born at Palermo, March 4, 1740;
died there, Dec. 20, 1815. He was professor
of pharmaceutical chemistry in the University
of Palermo (1787). His best work was his
songs, some of which recall Anacreon and The-
ocritus; next, his witty satires and fables. He
wrote also two epics, and the heroi-comic
poem (Don Chisciotte, an elaboration and
continuation of Cervantes's (Don Quixote.
(Works,' poetical and scientific, 8 vols. , Pa-
lermo, 1830. )
Meline, James Florant. An American his.
torical writer; born at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y. ,
1811; died in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Aug. 14, 1873.
His later years were devoted to literary work.
Three of a series of articles on Savonarola
have been published. Most noted of his works
are : (Two Thousand Miles on Horseback )
(1867); (Mary Queen of Scots, and her Latest
English Historian,' an attack upon Froude's
view of the subject; and Life of Sixtus the
Fifth' (1871).
Mellin, Gustaf Henrik (mel-lēn'). A Swed-
ish novelist; born at Revolax, Finland, April
23, 1803; died Aug. 2, 1876. He was a pastor
at Norra Wram (1851). Most of his novels
deal with Swedish history. Among them are :
(The Flower of Kinnekulle) (3d ed. 1831);
(Sivard Kruse's Wedding) (2d ed. 1832); (Anna
Reibnitz (2d ed. 1833). He produced also his-
torical, biographical, and poetical writings.
("Works, Stockholm, 1852. )
Melo or Mello, Francisco Manuel de (mā'.
lo or mel’lo). A Portuguese historian and poet ;
born at Lisbon, Nov. 23, 1611; died there, Oct.
13, 1665. He served with distinction in the
Spanish army in Flanders; was imprisoned for
nine years, and banished to Brazil, on a false
charge of murder. He wrote sometimes in
Spanish, sometimes in Portuguese. Among his
voluminous works are: (History of the Dis-
turbances, Separation, and War of Catalonia,
in the Time of Philip IV. (1645; best ed. Paris,
2 vols. , 1826-32); (The Three Muses of Melo-
dino) (1649), containing his poems, mostly sa-
tirical and comic.
Melville, George John Whyte. See Whyte-
Melville.
Melville, Herman. A noted American writer
of travel and adventure; born at New York,
Aug. 1, 1819; died there, Sept. 28, 1891. Going
to sea as a cabin-boy, he spent a number of
years in travel. His most famous books were
(Typee) (1846), and "Omoo) (1847), narrating
his adventures in the Marquesas Islands; others
were (White Jacket) (1850), Moby Dick'
(1851), and a number of other stories, and three
volumes of poems. He lectured in the United
States in 1857. *
Menander (me-nan'dėr). A famous Greek
comic poet; born at Athens, 342 B. C. ; died
about 291 B. C. See Kock's (Fragments of the
Attic Comedians) (vol. 3, Leipzig, 1888), and
article Philemon, Menander, and the Lost
Attic Comedy,' in the Library. ' *
Mencius (men'shi-us). Latinized from Meng-
tse (meng-tse'). A famous Chinese philoso-
pher; born at Tsow-hien, 372 B. C. ; died about
289 B. C. He was a follower of Confucius,
whose influence he revived. Twenty-nine years
he spent in traveling about China preaching,
but with small success; his last fifteen years
were passed with his disciples in retirement.
His sayings are contained in the last of the
Chinese (Four Books. They can be seen in
English in the second volume of Legge's Chi-
nese Classics) (London, 1875). * (See (Chi-
nese Literature) in Library. ')
Mendelssohn, Moses (men'del-sõn). A fa-
mous Jewish philosopher; born at Dessau,
## p. 378 (#394) ############################################
378
MENDELSSOHN-BARTHOLDY - MENZEL
Anhalt, Germany, Sept. 6, 1729; died at Berlin,
Jan. 4, 1786. He has been called “the Ger-
man Socrates. He wrote on religious, moral,
æsthetic, and practical questions, in a semi-
philosophical, common-sense way, popularizing
the philosophy of Leibnitz and Wolf, and bring-
ing into notice that of Spinoza. Among his
friends were Lessing, Nicolai, Herder, Wie-
land, etc. He wrote : (Phædon' (1767), a dia-
logue on the immortality of the soul, which
won a European reputation; Jerusalem (1783);
(Morning Hours) (1785); etc. ((Works,' Leip-
zig, 1843-45. )
Mendelssohn-Bartholdy, Felix (men'del.
sõn-bär-töl'de). An eminent German composer
and musician, grandson of Moses; born at Ham-
burg, Feb. 3, 1809; died at Leipzig, Nov. 4,
1847. Apart from his musical works, between
one and two hundred in number, he was a vo-
luminous correspondent. His Letters) were
published in 1861 and 1863 (English translation,
1862-63); "Letters to the Moscheles) (1888);
"Selected Letters) (London, 1894). *
Mendès, Catulle (mon-des'). A French poet
and novelist; born at Bordeaux, May 22, 1843.
His verse is marked by extreme devotion to
form; his style has been called the cameo-art
in literature. The collection entitled (Poesies)
appeared in 1878. In prose he has written :
(Love's Follies) (1877), (Parisian Monsters)
(1882), “To Read at the Bath) (1884), etc. ; the
dramas (Captain Fracasse) (1872), "Fiamette)
(1889), etc. His best novel is "Grande-Maguet!
(1888). *
Mendes Leal da Silva, José (men'dās lā-äl'
dä sēl'vä). A distinguished Portuguese states-
man and poet; born at Lisbon, Oct. 18, 1818;
died at Cintra, Aug. 14, 1886. He was minister
of the navy and of foreign affairs; ambassa-
dor to France 1874-83; to Spain 1883-86. His
(Songs) were published in 1858. He wrote
also a large number of plays, some of them
very popular on the Portuguese stage, as (Uncle
Andrew from Brazil) and (The Sportsman';
and several romances.
Mendez-Pinto, Feriao or Fernam (men'.
deth-pen-to). A Portuguese traveler; born near
Coimbra about 1510; died near Lisbon, 1583.
He spent many romantic years as a traveler in
the East, being repeatedly captured, often sold
as a slave, acquiring a large fortune, becoming
for a time a Jesuit, founding a Roman Catho-
lic seminary in Japan, etc. He wrote (Mendez-
Pinto's Pilgrimage (1614), which was translated
into the principal European languages, and has
become a Portuguese classic.
Mendive, Rafael Maria de (mān-dē'vā). A
Cuban poet; born in Havana, 1821 ; died in
1886. His first collection of poems ( 1847 ),
entitled (Passion-Flowers,' is widely popular.
Banished in 1869, he lived alternately in New
York and Nassau, writing legends and stories
in verse. He was one of the best of Spanish-
American poets; many of his verses received
English, French, and Italian translations. A
new edition appeared in 1860, published by
the Spanish critic Don Manuel Cañete.
Mendoza, Antonio Hurtado de (men-dö'thä).
A Spanish dramatist and poet; born about
1590; died 1644. He was private secretary of
Philip IV. , and a member of the Inquisition.
Among his best plays are «The Obligations
of Lying,' and (The Husband Makes the Wife.
He wrote also many ballads and lyrics, and
a 'Life of Our Lady) in about 800 roundelays.
Mendoza, Diego Hurtado. A distinguished
Spanish statesman, satirist, and historian; born
in the palace of the Alhambra at Granada,
1503; died at Valladolid, 1575. Intended ori-
ginally for the Church, he entered the army
instead, and rose high in public life. His chief
works are, first, the famous satiric romance
(Little Lazarus of Tormes) (1553, and afterward
many editions), which was translated into a
number of languages (English by Blakeston,
1670), provoked many imitations, and created
that new department in Spanish literature which
finally produced (Gil Blas); and second, the
(War of Granada) (first complete edition, 1776).
("Works, Vols. iii. , xxi. , xxxii. , xxxvi. , of Riva.
deneyra's (Library of Spanish Authors. ')
Mendoza, Inigo Lopez de. See Santillana.
Menendez y Pelayo, Marcelino (mā-nen'-
deth ē pā-lä'yo). A Spanish scholar, historian,
and poet; born at Santander, 1855. He is pro-
fessor of Spanish literature at the University
of Madrid, and one of the most brilliant writers
of modern Spain. His History of Spanish
Heterodoxy' (3 vols. , 1880-82), in which he de.
fended the Inquisition, and declared against
modern liberalism and science, has excited
much discussion. Other prose works are : (His-
tory of Æsthetic Ideas in Spain (1884-91);
"Calderon and his Plays) (3d ed. 1885); (Span-
ish Science) (3d ed. 1887-89); etc. His best
poetry is contained in (Odes, Epistles, and
Tragedies) (1883).
Menken, Adah Isaacs. An American-Jewish
poet and actress ; born near New Orleans, 1835 ;
died 1868. Her maiden name was Dolores
Adios Fuertes. Married four times (once to the
pugilist John C. Heenan), she was generally
known by the name of her first husband, Alex.
ander Isaacs Menken. Her verses show po-
etic ability uncultivated. She published: (Mem-
ories); “Infelicia) (1868).
Menzel, Wolfgang. A German critic and
miscellaneous writer; born at Waldenburg, Si-
lesia, June 21, 1798; died at Stuttgart, April
23, 1873. He was member of the Würtemberg
Assembly (1830–38) and Chamber (1848-49);
editor for many years of the Literaturblatt
(Journal of Literature). His writings were very
varied. The best known were : (German Lit-
erature) (1828; English translation in Ripley's
(Specimens of Foreign Literature, Boston,
1840); a collection of critiques, “History of the
Germans) (6th ed. 1872–73; English translation
by Horrocks, London, 1849); (History of Ger-
man Poetry) (2d ed. 1875); (Rübezahl) (1829);
.
## p. 379 (#395) ############################################
MERCATOR- MERLIN
379
(
.
(Narcissus) (1830), two tales; ( Furore) (1851),
a romance ; etc.
Mercator (Latinized from his real name,
Kramer), Gerhard (mér-kā'tor). A celebrated
Flemish geographer; born at Rupelmonde, Bel-
gium, March 5, 1512; died at Duisburg, Prussia,
Dec. 2, 1594. He invented the “Mercator sys-
tem” of projection of the earth's surface, made
familiar in our atlases. His chief works were
(Geographical Maps according to Ptolemy)
(1578-84); and (Atlas) (1595), which made an
epoch in cartography.
Mercier, (Louis) Sébastien (măr-s7-yā'). A
French dramatist and essayist; born at Paris,
June 6, 1740; died there, April 25, 1814. He
was a member of the Five Hundred; professor
of history at the Central School, Paris; mem-
ber of the National Institute. His dramatic
works appeared in four volumes at Amsterdam,
1778–84. His most important writings were :
(Picture of Paris) (12 vols. , 1781-90), a descrip-
tion of Parisian life; New Paris ) (6 vols. ,
1800), a description of Parisian life during the
Revolution. My Night-Cap) (4 vols. , 1784)
was an attack on classicism. He was a very
prolific writer, and made the first French trans-
lation of Schiller's (Maid of Orleans.
Meredith, George. A great English novel-
ist and poet; born in Hampshire, 1828. He
has published: (Poems) (1851); (The Shaving
of Shagpat) (1855); (Farina: a Legend of Co-
logne) (1857); ( The Ordeal of Richard Feverel?
(1859); Mary Bertrand) (1860); (Evan Har-
rington (1861); Modern Love) (1862), poems;
(Emilia in England (1864), subsequently re-
published under the title (Sandra Belloni);
(Rhoda Fleming' (1865); (Vittoria) (1866);
(The Adventures of Harry Richmond' (1871);
(Beauchamp's Career) (1875); (The Egoist)
(1879);( The Tragic Comedians) (1881);Poems
and Lyrics of the Joy of Earth (1883); “Diana
of the Crossways) (1885); (Ballads and Poems
of Tragic Life) (1887); (A Reading of Earth)
(1888); "One of our Conquerors) (1890); (The
Empty Purse (1892), poems; Lord Ormont
and his Aminta) (1894); (The Amazing Mar.
riage) (1895). His shorter prose tales include:
(The Tale of Chloe ); (The House on the
Beach); «The Case of General Ople and Lady
Camper. *
Meredith, Owen. See Lytton.
Mérimée, Prosper (mā-rê-mā').
