Marradi,
Giovanni
(mär-rä'dē).
Warner - World's Best Literature - v29 - BIographical Dictionary
A cel-
ebrated Spanish poet ; born 1390 (? ); died about
1460. He is the best of all the Catalan poets.
Of his works now extant are ninety-three (Love
Songs); eight (Laments); fourteen Moral
Poems); a fine (Song of Devotion); etc. He
has been called “the Petrarch of Catalonia. ”
(Latest edition of his works, Barcelona, 1884. )
Marchand, Félix Gabriel. A Canadian jour-
nalist and dramatist; born at St. John's, P. Q. ,
Jan. 9, 1832. Among his works are the prose
comedies (Fatenville) and Mistakes Don't
Count); the comedies in verse (One Good For-
tune Brings Another) and "The Paste Dia-
monds); also a comic opera, «The University
Laureate.
Marco Polo. See Polo, Marco.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. See Aurelius,
Marcus.
Marden, Orison Swett. An American bi-
ographer; born in New Hampshire, 1848. His
home is in Boston. He has written Pushing
to the Front) and Architects of Fate, collec-
tions of short biographies.
Maréchal, Pierre Sylvain (mä-rā-shäl). A
French atheistical writer; born in Paris, Aug.
15, 1750; died at Montrouge, near Paris, Jan.
18, 1803. He was originally a lawyer. He pub-
lished "Fragments of a Moral Poem on God'
(1781), modeled upon Lucretius. A parody on
the Psalms (1784) cost him his position as sub-
librarian of the Collège Mazarin. He wrote
an (Almanac of Honest People (1788), sub-
stituting a list of names of his own invention
for the usual calendar of saints; with the as-
tronomer Lalande a Dictionary of Atheists)
(1800); etc.
Marek, Jan Jindric (mä'rek). A Bohe-
mian novelist and poet; born at Liblin, Nov.
4, 1801 ; died at Kralovice, Nov. 3, 1853. He
became a priest in 1826. He wrote Poems)
(1823); Lilies of the Valley) (2 vols. , 1824
and 1826), novels. His works were published
in 10 vols. at Prague 1843-47. The first two
volumes contain ballads, legends, and short
poems; the other eight are novels, including
(The Harper,' (The Bohemians in Prussia,' (A
. Night at Kacerov,' (The Quack, etc.
Marenco, Carlo (mä-ren'ko). An Italian
tragic poet; born at Cassolnuovo, May I, 1800;
died at Savona, Sept. 20, 1843. He was ori-
ginally a law student. Among his best-known
works are (La Pia de' Tolomei,' his best pro-
duction (translated into English by Williams,
London, 1856); (Corso Donati); (Arnold of
Brescia); etc. ("Works, 4 vols. , Turin, 1835-
40. )
Marenco, Leopoldo, Count. An Italian
dramatist, son of Carlo; born at Ceva, Nov. 8,
1831. He was for a time employed in the
ministry of finance (1851); and as professor of
Italian literature at Bologna 1860-64, and Milan
1864-71. He has written the tragedies (Pic-
carda Donati) (1869), (Sappho) (1880), (Rosa-
linda! (1884), etc. ; the comedies (George
Gandi) (4th ed. 1882), (A Bad Example in
the Family); etc. (Dramatic Works, 20 vols. ,
Turin, 1883. )
Margry, Pierre (mär-grē'). A French his-
torian; born at Paris, Dec. 8, 1818. He is ad-
junct curator of the archives of the ministry
of marine and the colonies. He has written
(Democracy in France) (1849); Navigation of
the Mississippi? (1859); (French Navigation
from the 14th to the 15th Century) (1867);
(Conquest of the Canary Isles) (1880); etc.
Marguerite d'Angoulême, or d'Alençon, or
de Valois, or de Navarre (mär'gė-rēt dan-gö-
lām'). Queen of Navarre, and famous for her
stories, poems, and letters; born at Angoulême,
April 1492 ; died in Bigorre, 1549. She was
a great patroness of literature. She is best
known in literature by the celebrated (Hepta-
meron, a collection of tales. A book of her
poems, Pearls of the Pearl of Princesses, ap-
peared in 1547. Letters, 1841-42. *
## p. 368 (#384) ############################################
368
MARGUERITTES – MARMIER
Marguerittes, Julie de (mär-ger-ēt'). An
English dramatic critic; born in London in
1814; died in Philadelphia, June 21, 1866. After
successfully appearing in the opera of 'La
Gazza Ladra) both in New York and Phila-
delphia, she retired from the stage and became
the dramatic critic of the Philadelphia Sunday
Transcript. She was a voluminous writer for
the press. Among her books are (The Ins and
Outs of Paris) (1855); (Italy and the War of
1859) (1859); and Parisian Pickings.
'Mariager, P. (mä-re-ä'ger). A Danish nov.
elist ; born 1827. Besides translating a num-
ber of works from the French and German,
he wrote (From Hellas) (1881), five stories that
were a new departure in Danish literature,-
being attempts to reproduce Greek culture as
Ebers did Egyptian,-- and were translated into
several languages; (The Last Lamia' (1884);
(The Potentate of Rhodes) (1885); “Sybaris,'
a drama; (A Marriage in the Catacombs)
(1893); etc.
Marie. See Meyn, Antoinette.
Marie de France (mä-rē' de frons). The
earliest French poetess; lived probably in the
latter half of the 12th century. She spent her
life in England. She wrote (Lais) (Lays), a
collection of narrative poems, descriptive es-
pecially of love, and belonging to the finest
specimens of the Old-French ballad; (Ysopet,'
fables; and a poem on the purgatory of St.
Patrick. ((Works,' edited by Roquefort, 2 vols. ,
1820; "Lays,' 1885. )
Mariette, Auguste Édouard (mä-ryet'). A
distinguished French Egyptologist ; born at
Boulogne, Feb. II, 1821 ; died at Cairo, Egypt,
Jan. 18, 1881. He was the principal promoter
of the Egyptian museum at Boulak (afterwards
at Gizeh), the French School of Egyptology,
and the Egyptian Institute ; and was inspector-
general and guardian of the Egyptian national
monuments. He wrote :(Karnak) (1875); (Den-
derah) (4 vols. , 1869-80); Monuments of Up-
per Egypt' (Boston, 1890); etc.
Marini, Giovanni Battista (mä-rē'nē). A
celebrated Italian poet; born at Naples, Oct.
18, 1569; died there, March 25, 1625. He lived
a dissipated and licentious life. The influence
of the style he introduced, known as “marin-
ism,” was great both in Italy and France, which
he visited. He wrote (Adonis) (1623), his prin-
cipal work; (The Massacre of the Innocents)
(1633); sonnets; etc.
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamberlain
de (mä-ri-võ'). A distinguished French dram-
atist and novelist; born in Paris, Feb. 4, 1688;
died Feb. 12, 1763. His peculiar style gave
rise to the term “marivaudage. His principal
plays were : "Game of Love and Chance (1730);
School of Manners) (1732); «The Legacy)
(1736); etc. : his chief novels (Marianne ) (1731-
41), his masterpiece, said to have been the
model of Richardson's (Pamela); (The Up-
start Peasant) (new ed. 1865); etc. (Works,
10 vols. , 1827-30. )
Markham, Charles Edwin. An American
poet; born in Oregon, 1852. He is professor
in Christian College, Santa Rosa. He has writ-
ten In Earth's Shadow) (1890), and (Songs of
a Dream-Builder (1890).
Markham, Clements Robert. An English
traveler, geographer, and historian; born at
Stillingfleet, near York, July 20, 1830. He ac-
companied an Arctic expedition in 1851; visited
Peru 1852-54; visited Peru and India as com-
missioner to introduce cinchona plants into the
latter country, 1860; was secretary of the Royal
Geographical Society 1863-88; accompanied
the Abyssinian expedition 1867-68. He has
written : (Travels in Peru and India) (1862);
(History of the Abyssinian Expedition (1869);
(History of Peru' (1892); etc. He has edited
a number of reprints of works on South Amer-
ica for the Hakluyt Society.
Markoe, Peter. (“A Native of Algiers. ”]
An American poet; born in Santa Cruz, W. I. ,
about 1753; died in Philadelphia about 1792.
He published a tragedy, 'The Patriot Chief
(1783); (Miscellaneous Poems) (1787); a poem
called “The Times) (1788); and Reconcilia-
tion, a comic opera (1790).
Mark Twain. See Clemens.
Marlitt, E. (mär'lit). Pseudonym of Eugenie
John, a popular German novelist; born in Ar-
stadt on the Gera, Dec. 5, 1825; died there, June
22, 1887. Her novels deal largely with domes-
tic scenes and incidents, and include: (Gold
Else) (1866); Blue Beard) (1866); (The Little
Moorland Princess) (1871); (The Old Mam-
sell's Secret! (1877); In the Schillingscourt)
(1880); (The Eulen House); etc.
Marlowe, Christopher. A noted English
poet and dramatist; born at Canterbury about
1564; killed at Deptford, June 1, 1593. Soon
after graduating at Cambridge (1583), he be-
came dramatist to the Lord Admiral's Com-
pany, London, which produced most of his
plays. Among them were the tragedies 'Life
and Death of Dr. Faustus (1601); (The Jew of
Malta); and (Edward II. (1593), his best work.
Many believe him to have been the author of
the second and third parts of Shakespeare's
(Henry VI. He wrote also the first part of
a narrative poem, "Hero and Leander, com-
pleted afterward by George Chapman. (Works,
best edition by Dyce, 3 vols. , 1850. ) *
Marmette, Joseph.
A Canadian prose-
writer; born in Montmagny, P. Q. , Oct. 25,
1844. His published works include: "Charles
and Eva) (1868 ); (Chevalier de Momac)
(1873); and (The Maccabees of New France)
(1878).
Marmier, Xavier (mar-myā'). A French
miscellaneous writer; born at Pontarlier, June
24, 1809; died in Paris, Oct. II, 1892. He was
librarian of the library of St. Geneviève, Paris
(1846). He was a great traveler. His works
include: (History of Iceland (1838); Letters
on Russia,' etc. (2 vols. , 1843); (From the
## p. 369 (#385) ############################################
MARMOL - MARSH
369
Rhine to the Nile) (1846); (The United States
and Canada) (1874); the novels (The Spitz-
bergen Lovers) (1858), “The Dramas of the
Heart) (1868), A Russian Great Lady' (1876);
in verse, Poetical Sketches) (1830); (Poems of
a Traveler) (1841); etc.
Marmol, José (mar'mõl). An Argentine
poet; born in Buenos Ayres, Dec. 5, 1818; died
there, Aug. 12, 1871. His principal works
are : (The Pilgrim' and (Harmonies, descript-
ive poems of travels (1856); the dramas (El
Cruzado) (1860) and (El Poeta) (1862); and
(La Amalia,' a historical romance based upon
the War of the Roses in England (1866), -
considered his best work, and which has been
translated into French and German.
Marmontel, Jean François (mär-môn-tel').
A famous French miscellaneous writer; born
at Bort, July 11, 1723; died at Abbeville, Dec.
31, 1799. He was brought up by the Jesuits,
and intended for the Church. Among his works
were : the popular tragedies (Dionysius the
Tyrant) ( 1748), Aristomenes) (1749), etc. ;
Moral Tales) (1761); the novels (Belisarius)
(1767) and (The Incas) (1778); etc. Of more
lasting value, however, were (French Poetics )
(1763); his contributions to the “Encyclopédie,'
collected as Elements of Literature (1787);
and his Memoirs) (1804). (“Works, 17 vols. ,
1786–87. )
Marnix, Philipp van (mar'niks), Baron of
Saint-Aldegonde. A Dutch statesman, satirist,
and miscellaneous writer; born at Brussels,
1538; died at Leyden, Dec. 15, 1598. He was
prominent in the liberation of the Netherlands;
formulated the treaty of Breda (1566); was
governor of Delft and Rotterdam ; defended
Antwerp (1584-85). His chief work was De
Byencorf der h. Roomscher Kercke) (Beehive
of the Holy Church of Rome : 1569), a satire
on Catholicism (published under the pseudo-
nym "Isaac Rabbotenus ))), which has become
a Dutch prose classic. He wrote the ballad
(William of Nassau, officially recognized as
one of the two national songs of Holland; and
a fine poetical version of the Psalms.
Marot, Adolphe Gaston (mä-ro'). A French
dramatist ; born at Rochefort, Aug. 13, 1837.
He was director of the Cluny Theatre (1875).
He has written : (Aristophanes in Paris) (1873,
with Clairville); (The Loves of the Boulevard)
(1877); (Clairon); 'The French in Tonkin)
(1855, with Péricaud); "Weeping Paris) (1886);
(My Wife's Husband" (1889); the romance
Mother and Daughter) (1889); etc.
Marot, Clément.
A famous French poet ;
born at Cahors, 1497; died at Turin, 1544. He
was easily the first French poet of his age,
noted for literary vivacity, facility, and grace.
He excelled in elegies, eclogues, and epistles.
His metrical version of the Psalms, however,
is heavy and prosy. Among his works were
(The Temple of Cupid' (1515), and Hell (1526).
Marquez, José Arnaldo (mär'keth). The
best of modern Peruvian - especially lyric -
poets; born about 1825; died Jan. 15, 1881. He
published (Lost Notes) (1862), Flor de Abel,
etc. ; and a book of travels in the United States.
He was editor of several journals. He lost
his life in the defense of Lima against the
Chilians.
Marradi, Giovanni (mär-rä'dē). An Italian
poet; born at Leghorn, 1852. He has written :
(Modern Hymns, by G. M. Labronio) (1878);
(Fancies of the Sea) (1881); Lyric Memories !
(1884);( Poems' (1887); (New Songs) (1891); etc.
Marryat, Florence. A popular English nov-
elist, daughter of Capt. Frederick Marryat; born
at Brighton, 1837. She married first Colonel
Ross Church, and then Colonel Francis Lean.
She is known as a dramatic reader and singer;
was editor of London Society (1872–76); and
has acted in London in a play of her own,
(Her World) (1881). Among her works are :
(Too Good for Him (new ed. 1868;) (Woman
Against Woman' (1865); “Confessions of Gerald
Estcourt) (1865); (Veronique (1869); (Fighting
the Air) (new ed. 1878); (A Daughter of the
Tropics (1887). She published Life and Let-
ters of Captain Marryat,' 2 vols. , in 1872.
Marryat, Frederick. ["Captain Marryat. ”]
A famous English novelist; born in London,
July 10, 1792; died at Langham, Norfolk, Aug.
9, 1848. Entering the British navy in 1806, he
became commander in 1815; and was serving
on the St. Helena station at the time of Napo-
leon's death. Among his best-known works
were : (Frank Mildmay) (1829); (The King's
Own! ( 1830 ); Peter Simple) (1834); Mr.
Midshipman Easy) (1836); (Japhet in Search
of a Father) (1836 ); Masterman Ready)
(1841). *
Marsh, Mrs. Anne (Caldwell). A popular
English novelist; born in Staffordshire, 1796;
died there, October 1874. She published most
of her works anonymously. Among them were:
(Two Old Men's Tales) (1834; latest ed. 1849);
(Mount Sorel) (1845); Emilia Wyndham
(latest ed. 1849); Norman's Bridge) (latest ed.
1849). She wrote also the historical work (The
Protestant Reformation in France) (1847).
Marsh, George Perkins. An American
philologist ; born in Woodstock, Vt. , March 15,
1801; died in Vallombrosa, Italy, July 23, 1882.
A graduate of Dartmouth in 1820, he practiced
law in Burlington, Vt. ; became Member of
Congress 1842-49, minister to Turkey 1849-53,
and first minister to the new kingdom of Italy
1861, holding the post until his death, a period
of over 20 years. As a diplomatist he had
great ability. His services to the study of lan-
guage, especially the history of his own tongue,
give him a distinguished place among Ameri-
can scholars. The (Origin and History of the
English Language) remains a standard work.
Ile translated Rask's Icelandic Grammar)
(1838); and also published Lectures on the
English Language) (1861); an edition of Wedg.
wood's Etymology); and (The Earth as Mod-
ified by Human Action (1874). A revised
)
:
24
## p. 370 (#386) ############################################
MARSH - MARTIN
370
edition of his complete works. appeared in 1885;
his Life and Letters) compiled by his widow
in 1888. A part of his fine library of Scandi-
navian literature was acquired by the University
of Vermont.
Marsh, Othniel Charles. A distinguished
American palæontologist; born at Lockport,
N. Y. , Oct. 29, 1831. A Yale graduate, he stud-
ied at Berlin, Heidelberg, and Breslau; and has
been professor of palæontology at Yale from
1866 to the present time. He is an authority on
the extinct vertebrates of the Rocky Mountains,
having conducted many scientific expeditions
thither, and discovered more than 1,000 new
specimens, many of which he described in the
American Journal of Science, and which he
has just presented to Yale University. For
twenty years he has been preparing a series of
government reports containing an illustrated
account of his discoveries. Three of these -
on the (Odontornithes,' the Dinocerata,' and
Lauropoda) — have appeared. He has been
president of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, vertebrate palæontol-
ogist of the U. S. Geological Survey, president
of the National Academy of Sciences, and fel.
low of the Geological Society of London. His
work has been recognized by honorary degrees
from great universities, and in many other
ways, bringing him international reputation.
Marshall, John. An eminent American ju-
rist; born at Germantown, Fauquier County,
Va. , Sept. 24, 1755; died at Philadelphia, July 6,
1835. He served in the Revolutionary War;
was United States envoy to France 1797-98;
Member of Congress from Virginia 1799-1800;
Secretary of State 1800-1; Chief Justice of the
United States Supreme Court 1801-35. Among
his published works were : Life of Washington)
(5 vols. , 1804-7; abridged and improved, i vol. ,
1832); (Writings upon the Federal Constitu-
tion. The greatest American jurist, he was
one of the greatest jurists of any age.
Marshall, Nelly Nichol. See MacAfee.
Marsham, John, Sir. An English Egyptol-
ogist; born 1602; died 1685. His (Diatriba
Chronologica(1649), enlarged into (Chronicus
Canon Egyptiacus, etc. (1672), was a pioneer
work in fixing the sequence of ancient history
by means of the Egyptian annals.
Marston, John. An English dramatist and
poet; borr about 1575; died in London, June
25, 1634. He graduated at Oxford in 1594, and
became lecturer at the Middle Temple, London,
1593 His chief work was (The Malcontent)
(1604), a tragicomedy which he recast from its
original form as written by John Webster. The
comedy (Eastward Ho! (1605), written with
Ben Jonson and George Chapman, caused the
imprisonment of all three on account of its satire
on the Scotch. (Dramatic Works, latest edi-
tion, 3 vols. , 1887. (Poems, 3 vols. , 1856. )
Marston, John Westland. An English dram-
atist; born at Boston, Lincolnshire, Jan. 30, 1819;
die in London, Jan. 5, 1890. He was one of
a group of English mystics. Among his dra.
mas were: (The Patrician's Daughter) (1842);
(Donna Diana) (1863), his best play; (The
Favorite of Fortune) (1806); etc. He wrote
also “Our Recent Actors? (1888), a valuable
work; a novel; two collections of short stories;
and a number of poems,- among the latter (The
Death-Ride at Balaklava) (1854), which be-
came very popular.
Marston, Philip Bourke. An English poet,
son of John W. ; born in London, Aug. 13, 1850;
died Feb. 13, 1887. From youth he was almost
wholly blind. He was the subject of Hake's
poem (The Blind Boy,' and of Mrs. Craik's
(Philip, My King. He wrote: (Song-Tide,
etc. (1871); (A Last Harvest) (1881); (Wind
Voices) (1883); etc. His Collected Poems,
edited by Louise Chandler Moulton, appeared
in 1892.
Martel de Janville, Gabrielle de, Countess
(mär-tel' dè zhon-vēl'). (“Gyp. ”] A popular
French novelist; born at the Château de Koetsal,
Morbihan, about 1850. She is the creator of
several new types, among them Paulette, Lou-
lou, Bob, etc. ; and has been a prolific writer.
Among her numerous works are : (About Mar.
riage (1883), dramatized the same year; (About
Divorce) (1886); Conjugal Joys) (1887); (Miss
Eve) (1889); (The Duke) (1892); (The Duch-
ess) (1893); etc.
Martial - Marcus Valerius Martialis (mär'.
shal). A famous Latin poet; born at Bilbilis,
Spain, 50 (? ) A. D. ; died in Spain about 102 (? ).
He spent most of his life at Rome, where he
enjoyed the favor of the emperors Titus and
Domitian. His fame rests upon his 'Epigrams,
in fifteen books; they are witty and marked by
great felicity of form and expression, but are
often sensual and marred by flattery of the
great. A late edition, with notes and indices
by Friedländer (2 vols. ), appeared at Leipzig
in 1886. *
Martin, Arthur Patchett. An Australian
poet and journalist; born at Woolwich, Eng.
land, 1851. He was one of the founders of
the Melbourne Review, and its editor for six
years.
He has written in verse : A Sweet
Girl Graduate); (An Easter Omelette) (1878);
in both verse and prose (Fernshawe) (1881;
2d ed. London, 1885); etc.
Martin, Bon Louis Henri (mär-tan'). One
of the most eminent of French historians; born
at St. Quentin, Aisne, Feb. 20, 1810; died in
Paris, Dec. 14, 1883. He studied law originally;
became a senator in 1876, and member of the
Academy in 1878. His great work, the (His-
tory of France,' in 16 volumes, appeared in
1855-60; the ‘Popular History of France) in
1867-75; and the continuation bringing the
account down to the present day, “History of
Modern France from 1789, 1878-85. He wrote
besides : France, her Genius and her Destinies)
(1847); Italian Unity) (1865); the heroic drama
(Vercingetorix) (1865); Russia in Europe
(1866); etc.
## p. 371 (#387) ############################################
MARTIN – MARZIALS
371
Martin, Edward Sanford. An American
journalist of New York city; born at “Wil-
lowbrook, Owasco Lake, N. Y. , in 1856. He
is author of "Sly Ballades in Harvard China);
(A Little Brother of the Rich, and Other Poems)
(1888); and “Windfalls of Observation.
Martin, Theodore, Sir. An English poet,
translator, and biographer; born at Edinburgh,
1816. He became a solicitor in London in
1846; married the actress Helen Faucit in 1851;
was elected rector of the University of St. An-
drews in 1880. He first became known as an
author in London under the pen-name “Bon
Gaultier”); and jointly with W. E. Aytoun pub-
lished the famous Book of Ballads) about
1858, also under that pseudonym. He has made
many excellent translations from Horace and
Catullus, from Dante, from Goethe, Schiller, and
Heine, and from mediæval ballads, epigrams,
etc. Upon the completion of the Life of the
Prince Consort) (5 vols. , 1874-80), he was
knighted. He also wrote (Life of the Princess
Alice) (1883); and other biographies.
Martin, William Alexander Parsons. A
distinguished American Presbyterian mission.
ary and educator; born at Livonia, Ind. , April
10, 1827. A missionary originally at Ningpo,
China (1850-60), he founded and directed the
Presbyterian mission at Pekin, 1863-68; be-
came professor of international law at Tung-
wên College, Pekin, in 1868; president in 1869;
was sent by China to the United States and
Europe to report on methods of education
in 1880-81; made mandarin of the third rank
in 1885. He has published in Chinese, (Evi-
dences of Christianity) (1855), (The Three
Principles) (1856), etc. ; in English, “The Chi-
nese, their Education, Philosophy, and Letters)
(1881); etc.
Martineau, Harriet (mär'ti-nő). An Eng-
lish reformer and miscellaneous writer, sister
of James; born at Norwich, June 12, 1802 ; died
at Ambleside, June 27, 1876. She visited this
country in 1834, aiding the abolitionists, and
traveled in Palestine and the East in 1846.
She wrote a series of stories based on political
economy (1832). Among her more important
works are : (Society in America' (1836); Deer.
brook) (1839), a novel; History of England
during the Thirty Years' Peace) (1848); (Phi-
losophy of Comte) (1853); (British Rule in
India' (1857); Biographical Sketches) (1869);
etc. She labored under the remarkable dis-
ability of being all her life without the senses
of taste and smell, and at 16 became very deaf.
Martineau, James. A distinguished English
Unitarian theologian; born at Norwich, April
21, 1805. He is now the most profound and
brilliant theological and religious writer on the
liberal side in England. He became profes-
sor of philosophy at Manchester New College,
London (1853). He has published : (Endeav-
ors after the Christian Life) (1843-47); Mis-
cellanies) (1852), edited by T. Starr King;
(Studies of Christianity) (1858); Essays, The-
ological and Philosophical' (2 vols. , 1866-68);
(Religion and Modern Materialism' (1874); (A
Study of Spinoza) (1882); (The Seat of Au-
thority in Religion (1890); Essays, Reviews,
and Addresses) (4 vols. , 1890-91); etc. *
Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco (mär-tē'.
neth đã lỡ rồ’sẵ). A distinguished Spanish
statesman, poet, dramatist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Granada, March 10, 1789; died
at Madrid, Feb. 7, 1862. His best works were
the tragedy (Edipus,' the drama (The Vene-
tian Conspiracy,' and the comedy (The Daugh-
ter at Home and the Mother at the Ball.
His novels Hernan Perez) and Isabel de
Solis, and his (Spirit of the Age, are slight.
Martyn, Sarah Towne. An American writer
of semi-historical fiction; born in Hopkinton,
N. H. , Aug. 15, 1805; died in New York, Nov.
22, 1879. Some of her books are : (Huguenots
of France) (1865);“Sibyl Grey' (1866);(Women
of the Bible ) (1868); (The Crescent and the
Cross) (1869); Dora's Mistake) (1870); and
(Hillside Cottage) (1872).
Martyn, William Carlos. An American
biographical and historical writer; born in New
York city, Dec. 15, 1841. He is a Presbyterian
divine in that city. In his works are included
(Life of John Milton); (Life of Martin Luther);
(History of the Huguenots) (1866); History of
the Pilgrim Fathers of New England (1867);
and (The Dutch Reformation (1868).
Marvel, Ik. See Mitchell.
Marvell, Andrew. An English poet and
satirist ; born at Winestead, Yorkshire, March
31, 1621; died in London, Aug. 18, 1678. He
was Milton's friend, and his assistant in the
Latin secretaryship to the Commonwealth (1657).
ebrated Spanish poet ; born 1390 (? ); died about
1460. He is the best of all the Catalan poets.
Of his works now extant are ninety-three (Love
Songs); eight (Laments); fourteen Moral
Poems); a fine (Song of Devotion); etc. He
has been called “the Petrarch of Catalonia. ”
(Latest edition of his works, Barcelona, 1884. )
Marchand, Félix Gabriel. A Canadian jour-
nalist and dramatist; born at St. John's, P. Q. ,
Jan. 9, 1832. Among his works are the prose
comedies (Fatenville) and Mistakes Don't
Count); the comedies in verse (One Good For-
tune Brings Another) and "The Paste Dia-
monds); also a comic opera, «The University
Laureate.
Marco Polo. See Polo, Marco.
Marcus Aurelius Antoninus. See Aurelius,
Marcus.
Marden, Orison Swett. An American bi-
ographer; born in New Hampshire, 1848. His
home is in Boston. He has written Pushing
to the Front) and Architects of Fate, collec-
tions of short biographies.
Maréchal, Pierre Sylvain (mä-rā-shäl). A
French atheistical writer; born in Paris, Aug.
15, 1750; died at Montrouge, near Paris, Jan.
18, 1803. He was originally a lawyer. He pub-
lished "Fragments of a Moral Poem on God'
(1781), modeled upon Lucretius. A parody on
the Psalms (1784) cost him his position as sub-
librarian of the Collège Mazarin. He wrote
an (Almanac of Honest People (1788), sub-
stituting a list of names of his own invention
for the usual calendar of saints; with the as-
tronomer Lalande a Dictionary of Atheists)
(1800); etc.
Marek, Jan Jindric (mä'rek). A Bohe-
mian novelist and poet; born at Liblin, Nov.
4, 1801 ; died at Kralovice, Nov. 3, 1853. He
became a priest in 1826. He wrote Poems)
(1823); Lilies of the Valley) (2 vols. , 1824
and 1826), novels. His works were published
in 10 vols. at Prague 1843-47. The first two
volumes contain ballads, legends, and short
poems; the other eight are novels, including
(The Harper,' (The Bohemians in Prussia,' (A
. Night at Kacerov,' (The Quack, etc.
Marenco, Carlo (mä-ren'ko). An Italian
tragic poet; born at Cassolnuovo, May I, 1800;
died at Savona, Sept. 20, 1843. He was ori-
ginally a law student. Among his best-known
works are (La Pia de' Tolomei,' his best pro-
duction (translated into English by Williams,
London, 1856); (Corso Donati); (Arnold of
Brescia); etc. ("Works, 4 vols. , Turin, 1835-
40. )
Marenco, Leopoldo, Count. An Italian
dramatist, son of Carlo; born at Ceva, Nov. 8,
1831. He was for a time employed in the
ministry of finance (1851); and as professor of
Italian literature at Bologna 1860-64, and Milan
1864-71. He has written the tragedies (Pic-
carda Donati) (1869), (Sappho) (1880), (Rosa-
linda! (1884), etc. ; the comedies (George
Gandi) (4th ed. 1882), (A Bad Example in
the Family); etc. (Dramatic Works, 20 vols. ,
Turin, 1883. )
Margry, Pierre (mär-grē'). A French his-
torian; born at Paris, Dec. 8, 1818. He is ad-
junct curator of the archives of the ministry
of marine and the colonies. He has written
(Democracy in France) (1849); Navigation of
the Mississippi? (1859); (French Navigation
from the 14th to the 15th Century) (1867);
(Conquest of the Canary Isles) (1880); etc.
Marguerite d'Angoulême, or d'Alençon, or
de Valois, or de Navarre (mär'gė-rēt dan-gö-
lām'). Queen of Navarre, and famous for her
stories, poems, and letters; born at Angoulême,
April 1492 ; died in Bigorre, 1549. She was
a great patroness of literature. She is best
known in literature by the celebrated (Hepta-
meron, a collection of tales. A book of her
poems, Pearls of the Pearl of Princesses, ap-
peared in 1547. Letters, 1841-42. *
## p. 368 (#384) ############################################
368
MARGUERITTES – MARMIER
Marguerittes, Julie de (mär-ger-ēt'). An
English dramatic critic; born in London in
1814; died in Philadelphia, June 21, 1866. After
successfully appearing in the opera of 'La
Gazza Ladra) both in New York and Phila-
delphia, she retired from the stage and became
the dramatic critic of the Philadelphia Sunday
Transcript. She was a voluminous writer for
the press. Among her books are (The Ins and
Outs of Paris) (1855); (Italy and the War of
1859) (1859); and Parisian Pickings.
'Mariager, P. (mä-re-ä'ger). A Danish nov.
elist ; born 1827. Besides translating a num-
ber of works from the French and German,
he wrote (From Hellas) (1881), five stories that
were a new departure in Danish literature,-
being attempts to reproduce Greek culture as
Ebers did Egyptian,-- and were translated into
several languages; (The Last Lamia' (1884);
(The Potentate of Rhodes) (1885); “Sybaris,'
a drama; (A Marriage in the Catacombs)
(1893); etc.
Marie. See Meyn, Antoinette.
Marie de France (mä-rē' de frons). The
earliest French poetess; lived probably in the
latter half of the 12th century. She spent her
life in England. She wrote (Lais) (Lays), a
collection of narrative poems, descriptive es-
pecially of love, and belonging to the finest
specimens of the Old-French ballad; (Ysopet,'
fables; and a poem on the purgatory of St.
Patrick. ((Works,' edited by Roquefort, 2 vols. ,
1820; "Lays,' 1885. )
Mariette, Auguste Édouard (mä-ryet'). A
distinguished French Egyptologist ; born at
Boulogne, Feb. II, 1821 ; died at Cairo, Egypt,
Jan. 18, 1881. He was the principal promoter
of the Egyptian museum at Boulak (afterwards
at Gizeh), the French School of Egyptology,
and the Egyptian Institute ; and was inspector-
general and guardian of the Egyptian national
monuments. He wrote :(Karnak) (1875); (Den-
derah) (4 vols. , 1869-80); Monuments of Up-
per Egypt' (Boston, 1890); etc.
Marini, Giovanni Battista (mä-rē'nē). A
celebrated Italian poet; born at Naples, Oct.
18, 1569; died there, March 25, 1625. He lived
a dissipated and licentious life. The influence
of the style he introduced, known as “marin-
ism,” was great both in Italy and France, which
he visited. He wrote (Adonis) (1623), his prin-
cipal work; (The Massacre of the Innocents)
(1633); sonnets; etc.
Marivaux, Pierre Carlet de Chamberlain
de (mä-ri-võ'). A distinguished French dram-
atist and novelist; born in Paris, Feb. 4, 1688;
died Feb. 12, 1763. His peculiar style gave
rise to the term “marivaudage. His principal
plays were : "Game of Love and Chance (1730);
School of Manners) (1732); «The Legacy)
(1736); etc. : his chief novels (Marianne ) (1731-
41), his masterpiece, said to have been the
model of Richardson's (Pamela); (The Up-
start Peasant) (new ed. 1865); etc. (Works,
10 vols. , 1827-30. )
Markham, Charles Edwin. An American
poet; born in Oregon, 1852. He is professor
in Christian College, Santa Rosa. He has writ-
ten In Earth's Shadow) (1890), and (Songs of
a Dream-Builder (1890).
Markham, Clements Robert. An English
traveler, geographer, and historian; born at
Stillingfleet, near York, July 20, 1830. He ac-
companied an Arctic expedition in 1851; visited
Peru 1852-54; visited Peru and India as com-
missioner to introduce cinchona plants into the
latter country, 1860; was secretary of the Royal
Geographical Society 1863-88; accompanied
the Abyssinian expedition 1867-68. He has
written : (Travels in Peru and India) (1862);
(History of the Abyssinian Expedition (1869);
(History of Peru' (1892); etc. He has edited
a number of reprints of works on South Amer-
ica for the Hakluyt Society.
Markoe, Peter. (“A Native of Algiers. ”]
An American poet; born in Santa Cruz, W. I. ,
about 1753; died in Philadelphia about 1792.
He published a tragedy, 'The Patriot Chief
(1783); (Miscellaneous Poems) (1787); a poem
called “The Times) (1788); and Reconcilia-
tion, a comic opera (1790).
Mark Twain. See Clemens.
Marlitt, E. (mär'lit). Pseudonym of Eugenie
John, a popular German novelist; born in Ar-
stadt on the Gera, Dec. 5, 1825; died there, June
22, 1887. Her novels deal largely with domes-
tic scenes and incidents, and include: (Gold
Else) (1866); Blue Beard) (1866); (The Little
Moorland Princess) (1871); (The Old Mam-
sell's Secret! (1877); In the Schillingscourt)
(1880); (The Eulen House); etc.
Marlowe, Christopher. A noted English
poet and dramatist; born at Canterbury about
1564; killed at Deptford, June 1, 1593. Soon
after graduating at Cambridge (1583), he be-
came dramatist to the Lord Admiral's Com-
pany, London, which produced most of his
plays. Among them were the tragedies 'Life
and Death of Dr. Faustus (1601); (The Jew of
Malta); and (Edward II. (1593), his best work.
Many believe him to have been the author of
the second and third parts of Shakespeare's
(Henry VI. He wrote also the first part of
a narrative poem, "Hero and Leander, com-
pleted afterward by George Chapman. (Works,
best edition by Dyce, 3 vols. , 1850. ) *
Marmette, Joseph.
A Canadian prose-
writer; born in Montmagny, P. Q. , Oct. 25,
1844. His published works include: "Charles
and Eva) (1868 ); (Chevalier de Momac)
(1873); and (The Maccabees of New France)
(1878).
Marmier, Xavier (mar-myā'). A French
miscellaneous writer; born at Pontarlier, June
24, 1809; died in Paris, Oct. II, 1892. He was
librarian of the library of St. Geneviève, Paris
(1846). He was a great traveler. His works
include: (History of Iceland (1838); Letters
on Russia,' etc. (2 vols. , 1843); (From the
## p. 369 (#385) ############################################
MARMOL - MARSH
369
Rhine to the Nile) (1846); (The United States
and Canada) (1874); the novels (The Spitz-
bergen Lovers) (1858), “The Dramas of the
Heart) (1868), A Russian Great Lady' (1876);
in verse, Poetical Sketches) (1830); (Poems of
a Traveler) (1841); etc.
Marmol, José (mar'mõl). An Argentine
poet; born in Buenos Ayres, Dec. 5, 1818; died
there, Aug. 12, 1871. His principal works
are : (The Pilgrim' and (Harmonies, descript-
ive poems of travels (1856); the dramas (El
Cruzado) (1860) and (El Poeta) (1862); and
(La Amalia,' a historical romance based upon
the War of the Roses in England (1866), -
considered his best work, and which has been
translated into French and German.
Marmontel, Jean François (mär-môn-tel').
A famous French miscellaneous writer; born
at Bort, July 11, 1723; died at Abbeville, Dec.
31, 1799. He was brought up by the Jesuits,
and intended for the Church. Among his works
were : the popular tragedies (Dionysius the
Tyrant) ( 1748), Aristomenes) (1749), etc. ;
Moral Tales) (1761); the novels (Belisarius)
(1767) and (The Incas) (1778); etc. Of more
lasting value, however, were (French Poetics )
(1763); his contributions to the “Encyclopédie,'
collected as Elements of Literature (1787);
and his Memoirs) (1804). (“Works, 17 vols. ,
1786–87. )
Marnix, Philipp van (mar'niks), Baron of
Saint-Aldegonde. A Dutch statesman, satirist,
and miscellaneous writer; born at Brussels,
1538; died at Leyden, Dec. 15, 1598. He was
prominent in the liberation of the Netherlands;
formulated the treaty of Breda (1566); was
governor of Delft and Rotterdam ; defended
Antwerp (1584-85). His chief work was De
Byencorf der h. Roomscher Kercke) (Beehive
of the Holy Church of Rome : 1569), a satire
on Catholicism (published under the pseudo-
nym "Isaac Rabbotenus ))), which has become
a Dutch prose classic. He wrote the ballad
(William of Nassau, officially recognized as
one of the two national songs of Holland; and
a fine poetical version of the Psalms.
Marot, Adolphe Gaston (mä-ro'). A French
dramatist ; born at Rochefort, Aug. 13, 1837.
He was director of the Cluny Theatre (1875).
He has written : (Aristophanes in Paris) (1873,
with Clairville); (The Loves of the Boulevard)
(1877); (Clairon); 'The French in Tonkin)
(1855, with Péricaud); "Weeping Paris) (1886);
(My Wife's Husband" (1889); the romance
Mother and Daughter) (1889); etc.
Marot, Clément.
A famous French poet ;
born at Cahors, 1497; died at Turin, 1544. He
was easily the first French poet of his age,
noted for literary vivacity, facility, and grace.
He excelled in elegies, eclogues, and epistles.
His metrical version of the Psalms, however,
is heavy and prosy. Among his works were
(The Temple of Cupid' (1515), and Hell (1526).
Marquez, José Arnaldo (mär'keth). The
best of modern Peruvian - especially lyric -
poets; born about 1825; died Jan. 15, 1881. He
published (Lost Notes) (1862), Flor de Abel,
etc. ; and a book of travels in the United States.
He was editor of several journals. He lost
his life in the defense of Lima against the
Chilians.
Marradi, Giovanni (mär-rä'dē). An Italian
poet; born at Leghorn, 1852. He has written :
(Modern Hymns, by G. M. Labronio) (1878);
(Fancies of the Sea) (1881); Lyric Memories !
(1884);( Poems' (1887); (New Songs) (1891); etc.
Marryat, Florence. A popular English nov-
elist, daughter of Capt. Frederick Marryat; born
at Brighton, 1837. She married first Colonel
Ross Church, and then Colonel Francis Lean.
She is known as a dramatic reader and singer;
was editor of London Society (1872–76); and
has acted in London in a play of her own,
(Her World) (1881). Among her works are :
(Too Good for Him (new ed. 1868;) (Woman
Against Woman' (1865); “Confessions of Gerald
Estcourt) (1865); (Veronique (1869); (Fighting
the Air) (new ed. 1878); (A Daughter of the
Tropics (1887). She published Life and Let-
ters of Captain Marryat,' 2 vols. , in 1872.
Marryat, Frederick. ["Captain Marryat. ”]
A famous English novelist; born in London,
July 10, 1792; died at Langham, Norfolk, Aug.
9, 1848. Entering the British navy in 1806, he
became commander in 1815; and was serving
on the St. Helena station at the time of Napo-
leon's death. Among his best-known works
were : (Frank Mildmay) (1829); (The King's
Own! ( 1830 ); Peter Simple) (1834); Mr.
Midshipman Easy) (1836); (Japhet in Search
of a Father) (1836 ); Masterman Ready)
(1841). *
Marsh, Mrs. Anne (Caldwell). A popular
English novelist; born in Staffordshire, 1796;
died there, October 1874. She published most
of her works anonymously. Among them were:
(Two Old Men's Tales) (1834; latest ed. 1849);
(Mount Sorel) (1845); Emilia Wyndham
(latest ed. 1849); Norman's Bridge) (latest ed.
1849). She wrote also the historical work (The
Protestant Reformation in France) (1847).
Marsh, George Perkins. An American
philologist ; born in Woodstock, Vt. , March 15,
1801; died in Vallombrosa, Italy, July 23, 1882.
A graduate of Dartmouth in 1820, he practiced
law in Burlington, Vt. ; became Member of
Congress 1842-49, minister to Turkey 1849-53,
and first minister to the new kingdom of Italy
1861, holding the post until his death, a period
of over 20 years. As a diplomatist he had
great ability. His services to the study of lan-
guage, especially the history of his own tongue,
give him a distinguished place among Ameri-
can scholars. The (Origin and History of the
English Language) remains a standard work.
Ile translated Rask's Icelandic Grammar)
(1838); and also published Lectures on the
English Language) (1861); an edition of Wedg.
wood's Etymology); and (The Earth as Mod-
ified by Human Action (1874). A revised
)
:
24
## p. 370 (#386) ############################################
MARSH - MARTIN
370
edition of his complete works. appeared in 1885;
his Life and Letters) compiled by his widow
in 1888. A part of his fine library of Scandi-
navian literature was acquired by the University
of Vermont.
Marsh, Othniel Charles. A distinguished
American palæontologist; born at Lockport,
N. Y. , Oct. 29, 1831. A Yale graduate, he stud-
ied at Berlin, Heidelberg, and Breslau; and has
been professor of palæontology at Yale from
1866 to the present time. He is an authority on
the extinct vertebrates of the Rocky Mountains,
having conducted many scientific expeditions
thither, and discovered more than 1,000 new
specimens, many of which he described in the
American Journal of Science, and which he
has just presented to Yale University. For
twenty years he has been preparing a series of
government reports containing an illustrated
account of his discoveries. Three of these -
on the (Odontornithes,' the Dinocerata,' and
Lauropoda) — have appeared. He has been
president of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, vertebrate palæontol-
ogist of the U. S. Geological Survey, president
of the National Academy of Sciences, and fel.
low of the Geological Society of London. His
work has been recognized by honorary degrees
from great universities, and in many other
ways, bringing him international reputation.
Marshall, John. An eminent American ju-
rist; born at Germantown, Fauquier County,
Va. , Sept. 24, 1755; died at Philadelphia, July 6,
1835. He served in the Revolutionary War;
was United States envoy to France 1797-98;
Member of Congress from Virginia 1799-1800;
Secretary of State 1800-1; Chief Justice of the
United States Supreme Court 1801-35. Among
his published works were : Life of Washington)
(5 vols. , 1804-7; abridged and improved, i vol. ,
1832); (Writings upon the Federal Constitu-
tion. The greatest American jurist, he was
one of the greatest jurists of any age.
Marshall, Nelly Nichol. See MacAfee.
Marsham, John, Sir. An English Egyptol-
ogist; born 1602; died 1685. His (Diatriba
Chronologica(1649), enlarged into (Chronicus
Canon Egyptiacus, etc. (1672), was a pioneer
work in fixing the sequence of ancient history
by means of the Egyptian annals.
Marston, John. An English dramatist and
poet; borr about 1575; died in London, June
25, 1634. He graduated at Oxford in 1594, and
became lecturer at the Middle Temple, London,
1593 His chief work was (The Malcontent)
(1604), a tragicomedy which he recast from its
original form as written by John Webster. The
comedy (Eastward Ho! (1605), written with
Ben Jonson and George Chapman, caused the
imprisonment of all three on account of its satire
on the Scotch. (Dramatic Works, latest edi-
tion, 3 vols. , 1887. (Poems, 3 vols. , 1856. )
Marston, John Westland. An English dram-
atist; born at Boston, Lincolnshire, Jan. 30, 1819;
die in London, Jan. 5, 1890. He was one of
a group of English mystics. Among his dra.
mas were: (The Patrician's Daughter) (1842);
(Donna Diana) (1863), his best play; (The
Favorite of Fortune) (1806); etc. He wrote
also “Our Recent Actors? (1888), a valuable
work; a novel; two collections of short stories;
and a number of poems,- among the latter (The
Death-Ride at Balaklava) (1854), which be-
came very popular.
Marston, Philip Bourke. An English poet,
son of John W. ; born in London, Aug. 13, 1850;
died Feb. 13, 1887. From youth he was almost
wholly blind. He was the subject of Hake's
poem (The Blind Boy,' and of Mrs. Craik's
(Philip, My King. He wrote: (Song-Tide,
etc. (1871); (A Last Harvest) (1881); (Wind
Voices) (1883); etc. His Collected Poems,
edited by Louise Chandler Moulton, appeared
in 1892.
Martel de Janville, Gabrielle de, Countess
(mär-tel' dè zhon-vēl'). (“Gyp. ”] A popular
French novelist; born at the Château de Koetsal,
Morbihan, about 1850. She is the creator of
several new types, among them Paulette, Lou-
lou, Bob, etc. ; and has been a prolific writer.
Among her numerous works are : (About Mar.
riage (1883), dramatized the same year; (About
Divorce) (1886); Conjugal Joys) (1887); (Miss
Eve) (1889); (The Duke) (1892); (The Duch-
ess) (1893); etc.
Martial - Marcus Valerius Martialis (mär'.
shal). A famous Latin poet; born at Bilbilis,
Spain, 50 (? ) A. D. ; died in Spain about 102 (? ).
He spent most of his life at Rome, where he
enjoyed the favor of the emperors Titus and
Domitian. His fame rests upon his 'Epigrams,
in fifteen books; they are witty and marked by
great felicity of form and expression, but are
often sensual and marred by flattery of the
great. A late edition, with notes and indices
by Friedländer (2 vols. ), appeared at Leipzig
in 1886. *
Martin, Arthur Patchett. An Australian
poet and journalist; born at Woolwich, Eng.
land, 1851. He was one of the founders of
the Melbourne Review, and its editor for six
years.
He has written in verse : A Sweet
Girl Graduate); (An Easter Omelette) (1878);
in both verse and prose (Fernshawe) (1881;
2d ed. London, 1885); etc.
Martin, Bon Louis Henri (mär-tan'). One
of the most eminent of French historians; born
at St. Quentin, Aisne, Feb. 20, 1810; died in
Paris, Dec. 14, 1883. He studied law originally;
became a senator in 1876, and member of the
Academy in 1878. His great work, the (His-
tory of France,' in 16 volumes, appeared in
1855-60; the ‘Popular History of France) in
1867-75; and the continuation bringing the
account down to the present day, “History of
Modern France from 1789, 1878-85. He wrote
besides : France, her Genius and her Destinies)
(1847); Italian Unity) (1865); the heroic drama
(Vercingetorix) (1865); Russia in Europe
(1866); etc.
## p. 371 (#387) ############################################
MARTIN – MARZIALS
371
Martin, Edward Sanford. An American
journalist of New York city; born at “Wil-
lowbrook, Owasco Lake, N. Y. , in 1856. He
is author of "Sly Ballades in Harvard China);
(A Little Brother of the Rich, and Other Poems)
(1888); and “Windfalls of Observation.
Martin, Theodore, Sir. An English poet,
translator, and biographer; born at Edinburgh,
1816. He became a solicitor in London in
1846; married the actress Helen Faucit in 1851;
was elected rector of the University of St. An-
drews in 1880. He first became known as an
author in London under the pen-name “Bon
Gaultier”); and jointly with W. E. Aytoun pub-
lished the famous Book of Ballads) about
1858, also under that pseudonym. He has made
many excellent translations from Horace and
Catullus, from Dante, from Goethe, Schiller, and
Heine, and from mediæval ballads, epigrams,
etc. Upon the completion of the Life of the
Prince Consort) (5 vols. , 1874-80), he was
knighted. He also wrote (Life of the Princess
Alice) (1883); and other biographies.
Martin, William Alexander Parsons. A
distinguished American Presbyterian mission.
ary and educator; born at Livonia, Ind. , April
10, 1827. A missionary originally at Ningpo,
China (1850-60), he founded and directed the
Presbyterian mission at Pekin, 1863-68; be-
came professor of international law at Tung-
wên College, Pekin, in 1868; president in 1869;
was sent by China to the United States and
Europe to report on methods of education
in 1880-81; made mandarin of the third rank
in 1885. He has published in Chinese, (Evi-
dences of Christianity) (1855), (The Three
Principles) (1856), etc. ; in English, “The Chi-
nese, their Education, Philosophy, and Letters)
(1881); etc.
Martineau, Harriet (mär'ti-nő). An Eng-
lish reformer and miscellaneous writer, sister
of James; born at Norwich, June 12, 1802 ; died
at Ambleside, June 27, 1876. She visited this
country in 1834, aiding the abolitionists, and
traveled in Palestine and the East in 1846.
She wrote a series of stories based on political
economy (1832). Among her more important
works are : (Society in America' (1836); Deer.
brook) (1839), a novel; History of England
during the Thirty Years' Peace) (1848); (Phi-
losophy of Comte) (1853); (British Rule in
India' (1857); Biographical Sketches) (1869);
etc. She labored under the remarkable dis-
ability of being all her life without the senses
of taste and smell, and at 16 became very deaf.
Martineau, James. A distinguished English
Unitarian theologian; born at Norwich, April
21, 1805. He is now the most profound and
brilliant theological and religious writer on the
liberal side in England. He became profes-
sor of philosophy at Manchester New College,
London (1853). He has published : (Endeav-
ors after the Christian Life) (1843-47); Mis-
cellanies) (1852), edited by T. Starr King;
(Studies of Christianity) (1858); Essays, The-
ological and Philosophical' (2 vols. , 1866-68);
(Religion and Modern Materialism' (1874); (A
Study of Spinoza) (1882); (The Seat of Au-
thority in Religion (1890); Essays, Reviews,
and Addresses) (4 vols. , 1890-91); etc. *
Martinez de la Rosa, Francisco (mär-tē'.
neth đã lỡ rồ’sẵ). A distinguished Spanish
statesman, poet, dramatist, and miscellaneous
writer; born at Granada, March 10, 1789; died
at Madrid, Feb. 7, 1862. His best works were
the tragedy (Edipus,' the drama (The Vene-
tian Conspiracy,' and the comedy (The Daugh-
ter at Home and the Mother at the Ball.
His novels Hernan Perez) and Isabel de
Solis, and his (Spirit of the Age, are slight.
Martyn, Sarah Towne. An American writer
of semi-historical fiction; born in Hopkinton,
N. H. , Aug. 15, 1805; died in New York, Nov.
22, 1879. Some of her books are : (Huguenots
of France) (1865);“Sibyl Grey' (1866);(Women
of the Bible ) (1868); (The Crescent and the
Cross) (1869); Dora's Mistake) (1870); and
(Hillside Cottage) (1872).
Martyn, William Carlos. An American
biographical and historical writer; born in New
York city, Dec. 15, 1841. He is a Presbyterian
divine in that city. In his works are included
(Life of John Milton); (Life of Martin Luther);
(History of the Huguenots) (1866); History of
the Pilgrim Fathers of New England (1867);
and (The Dutch Reformation (1868).
Marvel, Ik. See Mitchell.
Marvell, Andrew. An English poet and
satirist ; born at Winestead, Yorkshire, March
31, 1621; died in London, Aug. 18, 1678. He
was Milton's friend, and his assistant in the
Latin secretaryship to the Commonwealth (1657).
