No More Learning

The Praefatio Arubica ad
ported that Claudius Caesar had erected a statue to Concilium Nicaenum (Concilia, vol. ii. col. 386, ed.
Simon (Adv. Haeres. lib. i. c. 20), Tertullian (Apo- Labbe) speaks of a spurious Gospel of the Simo-
loget. c. 13), and the other fathers, who repeat the nians, or perhaps a corrupted copy of the Canonical
statement, can be regarded only as re-echoing the Gospels, divided into four parts, and named after
account of Justin (see, however, Burton, Bampton the four cardinal points of the compass. (Grabe,
Lectures, note 42). Whether Simon ever encoun- Spicilegium Patrum, vol. i. p. 305, &c. ; Fabric.
tered Peter after their interview in the Samaritan Codex Apocryph. N. T. vol. i. pp. 140, 377, ed.
city, cannot be determined : it is not impossible Hamb. 1719. )
that they may have met, and that some conference 15. Of NICAEA. (No. 1. ]
or discussion may have taken place between them. 16. Petrus or Peter. [PETRUS, No. 6. ]
The Recognitiones (lib. ii. &c. ) and the Clementina 17. Ex PRAEDICATORUM ORDINE. (No. 22. ]
(Hom. iii. ) give a long report of disputations be- 18. DE RHETORICA ARTE SCRIPTOR. Dio-
tween the two ; but the scene is laid at Caesarnea genes Laërtius (ii. 123) mentions Simon as a
Palaestinae (Recog. i. 12 ; Clem. Hom. i. 15). The writer on Rhetoric (øntopika's téxvas yeypapus),
Constitutiones Apostolicae (lib. vi. c. 9) also place but gives no clue to his age or country.
the conference at Caesaraea. According to the
19. Of SAMARIA. (No. 14. ]
Clementina (Homil iv. &c. ), Simon, being overcome 20. Sophista. Aristophanes (Nubes, 350) has
by Peter, fled from the Apostle, who, eager to renew adverted to Simon as guilty of robbing the public
the contest, followed his flying opponent from town treasury, but without mentioning of what city.
to town along the Phoenician coast. According to an According to Eupolis (Apud Scholiast, in Aris.
account which may be traced from Arnobius (Adv. tophan. l. c. ) he robbed the treasury of the city of
Gentes, ii. 7), through the Constitutiones Apostolicae Heraclaea. The rapacity thus held up by two of
(ibid. and lib. ii. c. 14), Cyril of Jerusalem (l. c. ), the great comic dramatists of Athens passed into
and later writers, Simon came to his death through a proverb, Eluwvos ápraktikáTepos. Suidas, who
another encounter with Peter ; for, having at Rome gives the proverb (s. v. Síuwv) adds the inform-
raised himself into the air, by the aid of evil spirits, ation that Simon was a sophist, and the Scholiast
he was, at the prayer of Peter and Paul, who were on Aristophanes (Nubes, l. c. ) adds that he was
then at Rome, precipitated from a great height, one of persons then conspicuous in political
and died from the consequences of his fall
. Whether affairs (TWV év folitelą dlanperóYTWY Tóre), we
this legend has any foundation in fact it is hard to may presume at Athens. Aristophanes also brands
say. Dr. Burton (Bampton Lectures, lect. iv. p. Simon, apparently the same person, as guilty of
94, and note) attempts to get some truth out of the perjury (Nubes, 398). (Allatius, De Simeonibus,
indubitably fabulous circumstances with which the pp. 196, 197; Fabric. Bill. Gruec. vol. xi. p. 301. )
death of Simon has been interwoven. The ancient 21. TACUMAEUS (No. 22. ]
authorities for the history of Simon have been 22. Of Thebes. Allatius (De Simeon. p. 202)
cited in the course of this article. Among modern speaks of Simon Constantinopolitanus, or Simon
writers Tillemont (Mémoires, vol. ii. p. 35. &c), of Constantinople, an ecclesiastic of the order of
Ittigius (De Haeresiarchis, sect. i. c. ii), Mo- preachers, as having, in three treatises, strenuously
sheim (De Rebus Christian. ante Constantinum, maintained the doctrine of the Western Church of
saec. i. $$ lxvi. Ixvii), Burton (Bampton Lectures, the procession of the Holy Spirit from the Son as
lect. iv. ), Milman (Hist. of Christ, vol. ii. p. 96, &c. ). well as from the Father, in opposition to the
Simon is usually reckoned the first heresiarch : divines of the Greek church. The treatises were
but the representation is not correct, if heresy be inscribed respectively, 1. To Manuel Holobelus,
understood, in its modern acceptation, to mean a or Holobolus, a different person from Manuel
corrupted form of Christianity ; for Simon was not Holobolus mentioned elsewhere. (MANUEL, lite-
a Christian at all, except for a very short period, rary and ecclesiastical, No. 8. ) 2. To Sophonias,
and his doctrines did not include any recognition of 3. To Joannes Nomophylax. From the last of these
the claims of Jesus Christ, of whom Simon was treatises Allatius has given long extracts (Adv.
Dot the disciple, but the rival. Origen is clear on Hottinger. p. 334 and 502 ; De Octava Synodo Pho


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SIMON.
831
SIMONIDES.
tiuna, p. 453. ) Allatius identifies the writer with | 475, and made one of the horses and one of the
the “Simon Hieromonachus ex ordine Praedi- charioteers, in the group which was dedicated at
catorum," mentioned by Georgius Trapezuntius, Olympia by Phormis, the contemporary of Gelon
or George of Trebizond [GEORGIUS, literary and and Hieron ; the other horse and charioteer were
ecclesiastical, No. 48), as being a native of Crete, made by DIONYSIUS of Argos (Paus. v. 27. $ I).
ardent for the divine doctrines (sc. those of the Pliny states that he made a dog and an archer in
Western Church), who went to Rome, and obtained bronze. (H. N. xxxiv. 8. s. 19. § 33. ) He is also
of the Pope the office of Inquisitor and Judge of mentioned by Diogenes Laërtius (ii. 123).
Heretics in Crete (Georg. Trapezunt. ad Cretenses To these passages should probably be added two
Epistola, apud Allat. Graecia Orthodora, vol. i. others, in which the name of Simon is concealed by
p. 537). Allatius supposes that he got his name erroneou8 readings. Clemens Alexandrinus (Pro-
Constantinopolitanus from the circumstance of his trepl. p. 31, Sylburg) mentions, on the authority of
family having belonged to that city, just as Geor- Polemon, a statue of Dionysus Morychus, at
gius, who mentions him, was called Trapezuntius, Athens, made of the soft stone called pendelns,
for a similar reason. Allatius (De Simeon. p. 202) as the work of Sicon, the son of Eupalamus; and
further identifies him with the Simon latumaeus the same statue is nscribed by Zenobius (v. 13) to
(Possevino, in his Apparulus Sacer, misquotes the Simmius, the son of Eupalamus. We know nothing
name as Incumaeus, and Allatius (l. c. ) further either of Sicon or of Simmias ; but in the former
misquotes it as Tacumaeus) mentioned by Sixtus passage nothing can be simpler than the correction
of Sena ( Biblioth. Sancta, lib. iv. ), as having been of Eíxwvos into Eluwvos, and in the latter it is
first bishop of Gyracium, and afterwards arch- obvious how easily the two names may have been
bishop of Thebes, and as having flourished about confounded, each beginning with the syllable Ellen
A. n. 1400. It is to be observed that Sixtus says especially if, as is frequently the case in old MSS,
Simon latumaeus was born at Constantinople ; that syllable only was written as an abbreviation
but perhaps Sixtus was misled by the epithet for Eluwvos. These corrections are supported by
Constantinopolitanus. He speaks of him as versed the authority of Müller (Aegin. 104) and Thiersch
in Latin, Greek, and Hebrew literature, and as (Epochen, p. 127), and no sound critic will hesitate
an assiduous student of the Bible: and states that to prefer them to Sillig's method of correcting the
he prepared a revision of the Greek text of the passage of Clement from that of Zenobius, and
New Testament ; translated it most faithfully, reading Eluulou in both.
word for word (verbum de verbo) into Hebrew Thiersch supposes Simon, the son of Eupalamus,
and into Latin ; and formed a triglott Testament, to have lived at an earlier period than Simon of
by arranging the Greek text and the two versions Aegina, and to have been one of the Attic Daeda-
in three parallel columns on the same page, so that lids. This is possible, but by no means necessary ;
line corresponded to line, and word to word. for although the manner in which the statue of
(Sixtus Senens. 1. c. ) Allatius (L. c. p.
203) says Dionysus is mentioned, and the significant name
he had read some poems addressed to Joannes Eupalamus concur to place Simon with the so-called
Cantacuzenus, with the inscription Siuwvos dpx-- Daedalian, or archaic period of art, yet that period
ETIOKOTOU Onbww, “Simonis Archiepiscopi The- comes down so far as to include the age imme-
barum. ” Of these poems he quotes a few lines: diately before that of Pheidias, and Onatas, the
from which they appear to have been addressed to contemporary of Simon of Aegina, is expressly
Cantacuzenus about the time of his abdication, in mentioned as belonging to it. [DAEDALUS.
the middle of the fourteenth century. If, there. ONATAS. )
[P. S. ]
fore, Simon flourished, as Sixtus of Sena states, SIMO'NIDES (Eluwvions), literary. 1. Of
in A. D. 1400, he must have attained a con- Samos, or, as he is more usually designated, of
siderable age. Cave inclines to the opinion that Amorgos, was the second, both in time and in
the Simon who wrote the three treatises on the reputation, of the three principal iambic poets of the
Holy Spirit was a distinct person from the Simon early period of Greek literature, namely, Archilo-
Jacumaeus (he adds "alias Sacumaeus), of Sixtus chus, Simonides, and Hipponax (Proclus, Chrestom.
of Sena. He thinks that if they were the same, 7; Lucian. Pseudol. 2). The chief information
the date given by Sixtus, A. D. 1400, is incorrect. which we have respecting him is contained in two
(Allatius, l. C. ; Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. xi. articles of Suidas (s. rv. Equavions, Eluulas ; the
pp. 301, 334 ; Cave, Hist. Litt. ad ann. 1276 and greater part of the latter article is obviously mis-
1400, vol. ii. p. 322 ; and Appendit, p. 87, ed. placed, and really refers to Simonides); from
Oxford, 1740-1743. )
which we learn that his father's name was Crines,
23. THRENI SCRIPTOR. Harpocration (Lexicon, and that he was originally a native of Samos,
8. v. Tauývai), mentions Simon as the author of whence, by a curious parallel to the history of
a poem entitled or described as Eis Avoluaxor Archilochus, he led a colony to the neighbouring
TOV 'Eperpréa Opavos, In Lysimachum Eretriensem island of Amorgos, one of the Cyclades or Sporades,
Threnus. It is probable that Simon is a mistake where he founded three cities, Minoa, Aegialus,
for Simonides. (SIMONIDES. ) (Allat. De Simeon. and Arcesine, in the first of which he fixed his
Scriptis, p. 200. )
(J. C. M. ] own abode. (Comp. Strab. x. p. 487 ; Steph. Byz.
SIMON (Zluwv), a physician of Magnesia, who s. v. 'Auopzós ; Tzetz. Chil. xii. 52. ) He is gene-
is mentioned by Herophilus (ap. Soran. De Arte rally said to have been contemporary with Archi-
Obstelr. p. 100), and who lived, therefore, in or lochus ; and the date assigned to him by the chro-
before the fourth century B. C. He is probably the nographers is Ol. 29. 1 or 3, B. C. 664 or 667
same person who is mentioned by Diogenes Laër (Syncell. p. 213; Hieronym. ap. A. Maium,
tius (ii. 123), and said by him to have lived in Script. Vei. vol. viii. p. 333; Clem. Alex. Strom.
the time of Seleucus Nicanor. (W. A. G. ] vol. i. p. 333 ; Cyril. c. Julian. vol. i. p. 12).
SIMON (Sipwr), of Aegina, a celebrated sta- The statement of Suidas that he flourished 490
tuary in bronze, who flourished about Ol. 76, B. c. 1 years after the Trojan War, would, according to


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832
SIMONIDES.
SIMONIDES.
А
jambic poems ;
the vulgar era, the epoch of Eratosthenes, place formed, without doubt, a continuous series of rerseo,
him at (1183 — 490=) B. C. 693 ; or, according in the shape of precepts addressed to youths in
to the era of Democritus, at (1150 — 490=) B. C. general, or to any individual youth, not, like the
660, which agrees with the chronographers. (See precepts of Hesiod, to some particular one.
Clinton, F. H. vol. i. s. aa. 712, 665, 662; and great part of the poem referred, as in Hesiod,
Weicker, as cited below. )
Theognis, and Phocylides, to the relations of men
The works of Simonides, according to Suidns to the other sex, and the characteristics of women
(s. v. ), consisted of an elegy in two books, and are described in that satirical vein, which prevails
or, according to the other notice in these and other poets, but the spirit of which
in Suidas (s. v. Eipulas), iambic and other miscel- was, perhaps, not so much to disparage the whole
Inneous poems, and an Archacology of the Samians sex as to exalt the standard by which they should
(åpxatoxoylav Twv Eaulwv). From the comparison be judged, especially with regard to industry,
of these two passages, Welcker thinks that the economy, and the other household virtues. " For
elegiac poem mentioned in the first is the apxaio | this purpose he inakes use of a contrivance which,
Loyia twv Paulww of the second, and not, as others at a later time, also occurs in the gnomes of Pho-
have thought, a gnomic poem, at least not chiefly cylides ; that is, he derives the various, though
such. The gnomic poetry of that early period was generally bad, qualities of women from the variety
so highly esteemed and so often quoted, that it of their origin; by which fiction he gives a much
is scarcely credible that if so celebrated a poet livelier image of female characters, than he could
as Simonides had written elegiac verses of that have done by a mere enumeration of their qualities.
species, not one of them should have been pre- The uncleanly woman is formed from the swine ;
served. All his gnomic poetry is iambic. On the cunning woman, equally versed in good and
the other hand, it was not uncommon for the evil, from the fox ; the talkative woman, from the
early poets to write metrical histories of their dog ; the lazy woman, from the earth ; the unequal
native countries or cities, and such a history of and changeable, from the sea ; the woman who
Samos, chiefly of a genealogical character, had takes pleasure only in eating and in sensual de
been composed in hexameter verse, long before lights, from the ass; the perverse woman from the
the time of Simonides, by Asius, the son of weasel ; the woman fond of dress, from the horse ;
Amphiptolemus. It is therefore quite natural, the ugly and malicious woman, from the ape ;
Welcker contends, that when the elegiac metre there is only one race created for the benefit of
had been established, Simonides should have ap- men, the woman sprung from the bee, who is fond
plied it to the same subject, intermixing perhaps of her work, and keeps faithful watch over her
in his narrations counsels and opinions on public house. " (Müller, Hist. of the Lit. of Anc. Greece,
affairs, and thus forming a poem akin to the vol. i. p. 140. ) The greater number, however, of
Eunomia of Tyrtaeus or the lonia of Bias. The the passages relating to women in the fragments of
existing fragments of his iambic poems have a de- Simonides seem to belong to his satiric, rather than
cidedly gromic character, and affo evidence that his gnomic iambics. It is doubtful whether he
he was reckoned among the sages who preceded wrote at all in choliambic verse. One line of
the Seven Wise Men. To confirm this view by that metre is preserved, but an easy alteration of
parallel examples, Welcker quotes the poems of the last word converts it into an ordinary iambic
Xenophanes, of Colophon, on his native city and verse ; and there is only one other fragment which
on the colonization of Elea, and other similar | has any appearance of being choliambic (See
works of other poets.
Meineke, Choliamb. Poës. Graec. pp. 134, 135. )
It was, however, the iambic poems of Simonides Like the other early iambic poets, Simonides also
that made his reputation. These were of two used the trochaic metre, which is most closely con-
species, gnomic and satirical. His verses of the nected in rhythm with the iambic. (Grammat. ap.
latter class were very similar to those of Archilochus, Censorin. c. 9. ). Besides their poetical interest,
inasmuch as his sarcasms were directed at a par- the fragments of Simonides are very valuable for
ticular person, named Orodoecides, who has thus ob- the numerous forms of the old Ionic dialect which
tained a celebrity like that conferred upon Lycambes they preserve : the principal examples are collected
by Archilochus, and upon Bupalus by Hipponax by Welcker.
(Lucian. l. c. ); although the unlucky reputation Great confusion has been made by modern
of Orodoecides was by no means so extensive as scholars, as well as ancient grammarians, between
that of Lycambes and Bupalus, who became a pair Simonides of Amorgos and his more celebrated
of proverbial victims, just as their persecutors, namesake of Ceos. The only safe rule for distin-
Archilochus and Hipponax, are spoken of together guishing them is to ascribe all the iambic and sa-
as great satirists; whence Welcker infers that, tiric fragments to the former, and all the lyric
in this department of iambic poetry, the fame of remains to the latter, except some few which be.
Simonides was by no means equal to that of Ar- long perhaps to a younger Simonides of Ceos. (See
chilochus and Hipponax.
below, No. 3. ) As to the numerous elegiac and
But, whatever defect there may have been in the epigrammatic remains, which we possess under the
pungency of his satire, it was amply compensated name of Simonides, there is no good reason for
by the wisdom and force of his gnomic poetry, in assigning any of them to Simonides of Amorgos,
which he embodied sentiments and precepts, although, as we have seen, he is said to have
referring to human character and the affairs of written an elegy.
human life, in language, in which antique simpli- The fragments of Simonides of Amorgos bare
city was combined with fitness and fulness of been edited, intermixed with those of Simonides
expression, intermixed occasionally with that quiet of Ceos, and almost without an attempt to distin-
irony or satire, in which he seems to have suc- guish them, in the chief collections of the Greek
ceeded better than in personal sarcasm. This poets ; in Brunck's Analecta, vol. i. pp. 120, foll. ;
part of his poetry Welcker considers to have and in Jacobs's Anth. Graec. rol. i. pp. 57, foil


## p. 833 (#849) ############################################

SIMONIDES.
833
SIMONIDES.
There is an edition of the fragment on women, by maternal grandfather, iſ, as there is reason to lupo
G. D. Koeler, with a prefatory epistle by Heyne, lieve, his paternal grandfather was also numed
Gotting. 1781, 8vo. But the first complete edition Simonides, and was also a poet. (Murm. Pur. Ep.
was that of Welcker, published in the Rheinisches 49; Böckh, C. I. vol. ii. p. 312. ) The poet Bac-
Museum for 1835, 2nd series, vol. iii.