491) mention a grammarian Pleisthenes and grandson of Atreus, king of My-
of the name of Agallias, a pupil of Aristophanes cenae, in whose honse Agamemnon and Menelaus
the grammarian, also a Corcyraean and a commen- were educated afier the death of their father.
of the name of Agallias, a pupil of Aristophanes cenae, in whose honse Agamemnon and Menelaus
the grammarian, also a Corcyraean and a commen- were educated afier the death of their father.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
7.
s.
), pr.
called by Suidas a Libyan (s.
e.
'Appla avós), but
where the true reading is S. Caecilius, not S. Aelius), passed the greater part of his life at Emmaus in
and his “ Libri IX Quaestionum,” from the con- Palestine, where, according to some, he was born.
ciseness of the style, the great subtlety of the rea- (Jerome, de Vir. II. 63. ) When Emmaus was
soning, and the knottiness of the points discussed, destroyed by fire, Africanus was sent to Elngabalus
80 puzzled the old glossitors, that when they came to solicit its restoration, in which mission he suc-
to an extract from Africanus they were wont to ceeded: the new town was called Nicopolis. (A. D.
exclaim Africani ler, id est difficilis. (Heinecc. Hist. 221, Eusebius, Chron. sub anno ; Syncellus, p.
Jur. Rom. § cccvi. n. ) Mascovius (de Sectis Jur. 359, b. ). Africanus subsequently went to Alexan-
4. § 3) supposes that Africanus belonged to the dria to hear the philosopher Heraclas, who was
legal sect of the Sabiniani (CAPITO), and as our afterwards bishop of Alexandria. The later Syrian
author was a steady follower of Salvius Julianus, writers state, that he was subsequently made
who was a Sabinian (Gaius, ii. 217, 218), this bishop. He was one of the most learned of the
supposition may be regarded as established. In early Christian writers. Socrates (Hist. Eod. ii.
the time of Antoninus Pius, the distinction of 35) classes him with Origen and Clement; and it
schools or sects had not yet worn out.
appears from his letter on the History of Susanna,
Among the writers of the lives of ancient laws that he was acquainted with Hebrew.
yers (Pancirollus, Jo. Bertrandus, Grotius, &c. ) The chief work of Africanus was a Chronicon
much dispute has arisen as to the time when Afri- in five books (terráb. 6A10V Xpovodoyików), from
canus wrote, in consequence of a corrupt or erro- the creation of the world, which he placed in
neous passage in Lampridius (Lamp. Alex. Ser. 68), 5499 B. c. to A. D. 221, the fourth year of the
which would make him a friend of Sererus Alex- reign of Elagabalus. This work is lost, but a con-
ander and a disciple of Papinian. Cujas ingeniously siderable part of it is extracted by Eusebius in his
and satisfactorily disposes of this anachronism by “ Chronicon," and many fragments of it are also
referring to the internal evidence of an extract preserved by Georgius Syncellus, Cedrenus, and in
from Africanus (Dig. 30. tit. 1. s. 109), which as- the Paschale Chronicon. (See Ideler, Handbuch
sumes the validity of a legal maxim ébat was no d. Chronol. vol. ii. p. 456, &c. ) The fragments of
longer in force when Papinian wrote.
this work are given by Gallandi (Bibl. Pat. ), and
For reasons which it would be tedious to detail, Routh (Rcliquiae Sacrae).
we hold, contrary to the opinion of Ménage (Amoen. Africanus wrote a letter to Origen impugning
Jur. c. 23), that our Sextus Caecilius Africanus is the authority of the book of Susanna, to which
## p. 57 (#77) ##############################################
AGAMEDE.
57
AGAMEMNON.
Origen replied. This letter is extant, and has AGAME'DES ('Agausons), a son of Stymphalus
been published, together with Origen's answer, by and great-grandson of Arcas. (Paus. viii. 4. § 5, 5.
Wetstein, Basle, 1674, 4to. It is also contained $3. ) He was father of Cercyon by Epicaste, who
in De la Rue's edition of Origen. Africanus also also brought to him a step-son, Trophonius, who
wrote a letter to Aristeides on the genealogies of was by sonie believed to be a son of Apollo. Ac-
Christ in Matthew and Luke (Phot. Bibl. 34; cording to others, Agamedes was a son of Apollo
Euseb. Hist. Eccl. vi. 23), of which some extracts and Epicaste, or of Zeus and locaste, and father of
are given by Eusebius. (i. 7. )
Trophonius. The most common story however is,
There is another work attributed to Africanus, that he was a son of Erginus, king of Orchomenus,
entitled Keotoi, that is, embroidered girdles, so and brother of Trophonius. These two brothers are
called from the celebrated neotos of Aphrodite. said to have distinguished themselves as architects,
Some modern writers suppose this work to have especially in building temples and palaces. Among
been written by some one else, but it can scarcely others, they built a temple of Apollo at Delphi, and
be doubted that it was written by the same Afri- a treasury of Hyrieus, king of Hyria in Boeotia.
canus, since it is expressly mentioned among his (Paus. ix. 37. & 3; Strab. ix. p. 421. ) The scholiast
other writings by Photius (l. c. ), Suidas (i. c. ), on Aristophanes (Nub. 508) gives a somewhat diffe
Syncellus (l. c. ), and Eusebius. (vi. 23. ) The rent account from Charax, and makes them build the
number of books of which it consisted, is stated treasury for king Augeias. The story about this
variously. Suidas mentions twenty-four, Photius treasury in Pausanias bears a great resemblance to
fourteen, and Syncellus nine. It treated of a vast that which Herodotus(ii. 121) relates of the treasury
variety of subjects-medicine, agriculture, natural of the Egyptian king Rhampsinitus. In the con-
history, the military art, &c. , and seems to have struction of the treasury of Hyrieus, Agamedes and
been a kind of common-place book, in which the Trophonius contrived to place one stone in such a
author entered the results of his reading. Some manner, that it could be taken away outside, and
of the books are said to exist still in manuscript. thus formed an entrance to the treasury, without
(Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp. 240, &c. ) any body perceiving it. Agamedes and Trophonius
Some extracts from them are published by Theve now constantly robbed the treasury; and the king,
not in the “ Mathematici Veteres,” Paris, 1693, seeing that locks and seals were uninjured while his
fo. , and also in the Geoponica of Cassianus Bassus. treasures were constantly decreasing, set traps to
(Needham, Prolegom. aul Geopon. ) The part re- catch the thief. Agamedes was thus ensnared, and
lating to the military art was translated into Trophonius cut off his head to avert the discovery.
French by Guichard in the third volume of “Mé- After this, Trophonius was immediately swallowed
moires crit
. et hist. sur plusieurs Points d'Anti- up by the earth. On this spot there was afterwards,
quités militaires," Berl. 1774. Compare Dureau in the grove of Lebadeia, the so-called cave of Aga-
de la Malle, “ Poliorcétique des Anciens," Paris, medes with a column by the side of it. Here also
1819, 8vo.
was the oracle of Trophonius, and those who con-
AFRICA'NUS, T. SE'XTIUS, a Roman of sulted it first offered a ram to Agamedes and in-
noble rank, was deterred by Agrippina from mar- voked bim. (Paus. ix. 39. § 4; compare Dict. of
rying Silana In A. D. 62, he took the census in Ant. p. 673. ) A traditiou mentioned by Cicero
the provinces of Gaul, together with Q. Volusius (Tusc. Quaest. i. 47; comp. Plut. De consol. ad
and Trebellius Maximus. (Tac. Ann. xiii. 19, Apollon. 14), states that Agamedes and Tropho
xiv. 46. ) His name occurs in a fragment of the nius, after having built the temple of Apollo at
Fratres Arvales. (Gruter, p. 119. ) There was a Delphi, prayed to the god to grant them in reward
T. Sextius Africanus consul with Trajan in A. D. for their labour what was best for men. The god
112, who was probably a descendant of the one promised to do so on a certain day, and when tie
mentioned above.
day came, the two brothers died. The questiou as
AGA'CLYTUS (Agaxdurós), the author of a to whether the story about the Egyptian treasury
work about Olympia (Tepl 'OXvurlas), which is is derived from Greece, or whether the Greek story
referred to by Suidas and Photius. (s. v. Kiyent was an importation from Egypt, has been answered
δων. )
by modern scholars in both ways; but Müller
AGA'LLIAS. (AGALLIS. ]
(Orchom. p. 94, &c. ) bas rendered it very probable
AGALLIS ('Agarais) of Corcyra, a female that the tradition took its rise among the Minyans,
grammarian, who wrote upon Homer
. (Athen. i. was transferred from them to Augeias, and was
p. 14, d. ) Some bave supposed from two passages known in Greece long before the reign of Psammi-
in Suidas (s. t. 'Arayaixis and 'Opxnois), that tichus, during which the intercourse between the
we ought to read Anagallis in this passage of two countries was opened.
(L. S. ]
Athenaeus. The scholiast upon Homer and Eu- ! AGAMEMNON ('. yapéuvwv). 1. A son of
stathius (ad Il. xviii.
491) mention a grammarian Pleisthenes and grandson of Atreus, king of My-
of the name of Agallias, a pupil of Aristophanes cenae, in whose honse Agamemnon and Menelaus
the grammarian, also a Corcyraean and a commen- were educated afier the death of their father.
tator upon Homer, who may be the same as Agal. (Apollod. iii. 2. $ 2; Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 5; Schol.
lis or perhaps her father.
ad liad. ii. 249. ) Homer and several other writers
| AGAME'DE ('Ayauýdn). l. A daughter of call him a son of Atreus, grandson of Pelops, and
Augeias and wife of Mulius, who, according to great-grandsor of Tantalus. (Hom. I. xi. 131 ;
Homer (N. xi. 739), was acquainted with the heal- Eurip. Helen. 396 ; Tzetz. ad Lycophır. 147 ; Hygin.
ing powers of all the plants that grow upon the Ful. 97. ) His mother was, according to most ac-
earth. Hyginus (Fab. 157) makes her the mother counts, deerope ; but some call Eriphyle the wife
of Belus, Actor, and Dictys, by Poseidon.
of Pleisthenes and the mother of Agamemnon.
2. A daughter of Macaria, from whom Agamede, Besides his brother Menelaus, he had a sister, who
a place in Lesbos, was believed to have derived its is called Anaxibia, Cyndragora, o Astyocheia
came. (Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Agaynon. ) (L. S. ) (schol. Eurip. Or. 5; Bygin. Fulu 17. ) Aga-
## p. 58 (#78) ##############################################
58
AGAMEMNON.
AGAMEMNON.
1
+
memnon and Menelaus were brought up together | Greeks were unable to leave the port. When the
with Aegisthus, the son of Thyestes, in the house seers declared that the anger of the goddess could
of Atreus. When they had grown to manhood, not be soothed unless Iphigeneia, the daughter of
Atreus sent Agamemnon and Menelaus to seek Agamemnon, were offered to her as an atoning
Thyestes. They found him at Delphi, and carried sacrifice, Diomedes and Odysseus were sent to
him to Atreus, who threw him into a dungeon. fetch her to the camp under the pretext that she
Aegisthus was afterwards commanded to kill him, was to be married to Achilles. She came ; but at
but, recognising his father in him, he abstained the moment when she was to be sacrificed, she
from the cruel deed, slew Atreus, and after having was carried off by Artemis herself (according to
expelled Agamemnon and Menelaus, he and his others by Achilles) to Tauris, and another victim
father occupied the kingdom of Mycenae. (AEGIS was substituted in her place. (Hygin. Fub. 98;
THUB. ] The two brothers wandered about for a Eurip. Iphig. Aul. 90, Iplug. Taur. 15; Sophocl.
time, and at last came to Sparta, where Agamem- Eled. 565; Pind. Pyth. xi. 35; Or. Met. xii. 31;
non married Clytemnestra, the daughter of Tynda- | Dict. Cret. i. 19; Schol. ad Lycophr. 183; Antonin.
rcus, by whom he became the father of Iphianassa Lib. 27. ) After this the calm ceased, and the
(Iphigeneia), Chrysothemis, Laodice (Electra), and army sailed to the coast of Troy. Agamemnon
Orestes (Hom. İl. ix. 145, with the note of Eus- alone bad one hundred ships, independent of sixty
tath. ; Lucret. i. 86. ) The manner in which Aga- which he had lent to the Arcadians. (11. ü. 576,
memnon came to the kingdom of Mycenae, is dif- 612. )
ferently related. From Homer (11. ii. 108; comp. In the tenth year of the siege of Troy-for it is
Paus. ix. 40. 86), it appears as if he had peaceably in this year that the Iliad opens—we find Aga-
succeeded Thyestes, while, according to others memnon involved in a quarrel with Achilles re-
(Aeschyl. Agam. 1605), he expelled Thyestes, and specting the possession of Briseïs, whom Achilles
risurped his throne. After he had become king of was obliged to give up to Agamemnon. Achilles
Mycenae, he rendered Sicyon and its king subjectſ withdrew from the field of battle, and the Greeks
to himself (Paus. Ü. 6. § 4), and became the most were visited by successive disasters. (ACHILLES. )
powerful prince in Greece. A catalogue of his Zeus sent a dream to Agamemnon to persuade him
dominions is given in the Iliad. (ii. 569, &c. ; to lead the Greeks to battle against the Trojans.
comp. Strab. viii. p. 377; Thucyd. i. 9. ) When (N. Ï. 8, &c. ) The king, in order to try the
Homer (Il. ii. 108) attributes to Agamemnon the Greeks, commanded them to return home, with
sovereignty over all Argos, the name Argos here which they readily complied, until their courage
signifies Peloponnessus, or the greater part of it, was revived by Odysseus, who persuaded them to
for the city of Argos was governed by Diomedes. prepare for battle. (12. q. 55, &c. ) After a single
(Il. ü. 559, &c. ) Strabo (l. c. ) has also shewn combat between Paris and Menelaus, a battle
that the name Argos is sometimes used by the tra- followed, in which Agamemnon killed several of
gic poets as synonymous with Mycenae.
the Trojans. When Hector challenged the bravest
When Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was carried of the Greeks, Agamemnon offered to fight with
off by Paris, the son of Priam, Agamemnon and him, but in his stead Ajax was chosen by lot.
Menelaus called upon all the Greek chiefs for as- Soon after this another battle took place, in which
sistance against Troy. (Odyss. xxiv. 115. ) The the Greeks were worsted (Il. viii. ), and Agamem-
chiefs met at Argos in the palace of Diomedes, non in despondence advised the Greeks to take to
where Agamemnon was chosen their chief com- flight and return home. (IL ix. 10. ) But he
mander, either in consequence of his superior power was opposed by the other heroes. An attempt to
(Eustath, ad I. ii. 108; Thucyd. i. 9), or because conciliate Achilles failed, and Agamemnon assem-
he had gained the favour of the assembled chiefs bled the chiefs in the night to deliberate about the
by giving them rich presents. (Dictys, Cret. i. 15, measures to be adopted. (I. . , &c. ) Odysseus
16. ) After two years of preparation, the Greek and Diomedes were then sent out as spies, and on
army and fleet assembled in the port of Aulis in the day following the contest with the Trojans was
Boeotia. Agamemnon had previously consulted renewed. Agamemnon himself was again one of
the oracle about the issue of the enterprise, and the bravest, and blew many enemies with his own
the answer given was, that Troy should fall at the hand. At last, however, he was wounded by Coon
time when the most distinguished among the Greeks and obliged to withdraw to his tent. (N. xi. 250,
should quarrel. (Od. viii. 80. ) A similar prophecy &c. ) Hector now advanced victoriously, and Aga-
was derived from a marvellous occurrence which memnon again advised the Greeks to save them-
happened while the Greeks were assembled at selves by flight. (N. xiv. 75, &c. ) But Odysseus
Aulis. Once when a sacrifice was offered under and Diomedes again resisted him, and the latter
the boughs of a tree, a dragon crawled forth from prevailed upon him to return to the battle which was
under it, and devoured a nest on the tree containing going on near the ships. Poseidon also appeared
eight young birds and their mother. Calchas in-
to Agamemnon in the figure of an aged man, and
terpreted the sign to indicate that the Greeks inspired him with new courage. (N. xiv. 125, &c. )
would have to fight against Troy for nine years, The pressing danger of the Greeks at last induced
but that in the tenth the city would fall. (n. ii. Patroclus, the friend of Achilles, to take an
303, &c. ) An account of a different miracle por- energetic part in the battle, and his fall roused
tending the same thing is given by Aeschylus. Achilles to new activity, and led to his reconcilia-
(Agam. 110, &c. ) Another interesting incident tion with Agamemnon. In the games at the
happened while the Greeks were assembled at funeral pyre of Patroclus, Agamemnon gained the
Aulis. Agamemnon, it is said, killed a stag which first prize in throwing the spear. (1. xxiii. 890,
was sacred to Artemis, and in addition provoked &c. )
the anger of the goddess by irreverent words. Agamemnon, although the chief commander of
She in return visited the Greek army with a pes- the Greeks, is not the hero of the Iliad, and in
tilence, and produced a perfect calm, so that the chivalrous spirit, bravery, and character, altogether
1
## p. 59 (#79) ##############################################
59
AGAMEMNON.
AGAPETUS.
inferior to Achilles. But he nevertheless rises | marked that several Latin poets mention a bastard
above all the Greeks by his dignity, power, and son of Agamemnon, of the name of Halesus, to
majesty (Il.
where the true reading is S. Caecilius, not S. Aelius), passed the greater part of his life at Emmaus in
and his “ Libri IX Quaestionum,” from the con- Palestine, where, according to some, he was born.
ciseness of the style, the great subtlety of the rea- (Jerome, de Vir. II. 63. ) When Emmaus was
soning, and the knottiness of the points discussed, destroyed by fire, Africanus was sent to Elngabalus
80 puzzled the old glossitors, that when they came to solicit its restoration, in which mission he suc-
to an extract from Africanus they were wont to ceeded: the new town was called Nicopolis. (A. D.
exclaim Africani ler, id est difficilis. (Heinecc. Hist. 221, Eusebius, Chron. sub anno ; Syncellus, p.
Jur. Rom. § cccvi. n. ) Mascovius (de Sectis Jur. 359, b. ). Africanus subsequently went to Alexan-
4. § 3) supposes that Africanus belonged to the dria to hear the philosopher Heraclas, who was
legal sect of the Sabiniani (CAPITO), and as our afterwards bishop of Alexandria. The later Syrian
author was a steady follower of Salvius Julianus, writers state, that he was subsequently made
who was a Sabinian (Gaius, ii. 217, 218), this bishop. He was one of the most learned of the
supposition may be regarded as established. In early Christian writers. Socrates (Hist. Eod. ii.
the time of Antoninus Pius, the distinction of 35) classes him with Origen and Clement; and it
schools or sects had not yet worn out.
appears from his letter on the History of Susanna,
Among the writers of the lives of ancient laws that he was acquainted with Hebrew.
yers (Pancirollus, Jo. Bertrandus, Grotius, &c. ) The chief work of Africanus was a Chronicon
much dispute has arisen as to the time when Afri- in five books (terráb. 6A10V Xpovodoyików), from
canus wrote, in consequence of a corrupt or erro- the creation of the world, which he placed in
neous passage in Lampridius (Lamp. Alex. Ser. 68), 5499 B. c. to A. D. 221, the fourth year of the
which would make him a friend of Sererus Alex- reign of Elagabalus. This work is lost, but a con-
ander and a disciple of Papinian. Cujas ingeniously siderable part of it is extracted by Eusebius in his
and satisfactorily disposes of this anachronism by “ Chronicon," and many fragments of it are also
referring to the internal evidence of an extract preserved by Georgius Syncellus, Cedrenus, and in
from Africanus (Dig. 30. tit. 1. s. 109), which as- the Paschale Chronicon. (See Ideler, Handbuch
sumes the validity of a legal maxim ébat was no d. Chronol. vol. ii. p. 456, &c. ) The fragments of
longer in force when Papinian wrote.
this work are given by Gallandi (Bibl. Pat. ), and
For reasons which it would be tedious to detail, Routh (Rcliquiae Sacrae).
we hold, contrary to the opinion of Ménage (Amoen. Africanus wrote a letter to Origen impugning
Jur. c. 23), that our Sextus Caecilius Africanus is the authority of the book of Susanna, to which
## p. 57 (#77) ##############################################
AGAMEDE.
57
AGAMEMNON.
Origen replied. This letter is extant, and has AGAME'DES ('Agausons), a son of Stymphalus
been published, together with Origen's answer, by and great-grandson of Arcas. (Paus. viii. 4. § 5, 5.
Wetstein, Basle, 1674, 4to. It is also contained $3. ) He was father of Cercyon by Epicaste, who
in De la Rue's edition of Origen. Africanus also also brought to him a step-son, Trophonius, who
wrote a letter to Aristeides on the genealogies of was by sonie believed to be a son of Apollo. Ac-
Christ in Matthew and Luke (Phot. Bibl. 34; cording to others, Agamedes was a son of Apollo
Euseb. Hist. Eccl. vi. 23), of which some extracts and Epicaste, or of Zeus and locaste, and father of
are given by Eusebius. (i. 7. )
Trophonius. The most common story however is,
There is another work attributed to Africanus, that he was a son of Erginus, king of Orchomenus,
entitled Keotoi, that is, embroidered girdles, so and brother of Trophonius. These two brothers are
called from the celebrated neotos of Aphrodite. said to have distinguished themselves as architects,
Some modern writers suppose this work to have especially in building temples and palaces. Among
been written by some one else, but it can scarcely others, they built a temple of Apollo at Delphi, and
be doubted that it was written by the same Afri- a treasury of Hyrieus, king of Hyria in Boeotia.
canus, since it is expressly mentioned among his (Paus. ix. 37. & 3; Strab. ix. p. 421. ) The scholiast
other writings by Photius (l. c. ), Suidas (i. c. ), on Aristophanes (Nub. 508) gives a somewhat diffe
Syncellus (l. c. ), and Eusebius. (vi. 23. ) The rent account from Charax, and makes them build the
number of books of which it consisted, is stated treasury for king Augeias. The story about this
variously. Suidas mentions twenty-four, Photius treasury in Pausanias bears a great resemblance to
fourteen, and Syncellus nine. It treated of a vast that which Herodotus(ii. 121) relates of the treasury
variety of subjects-medicine, agriculture, natural of the Egyptian king Rhampsinitus. In the con-
history, the military art, &c. , and seems to have struction of the treasury of Hyrieus, Agamedes and
been a kind of common-place book, in which the Trophonius contrived to place one stone in such a
author entered the results of his reading. Some manner, that it could be taken away outside, and
of the books are said to exist still in manuscript. thus formed an entrance to the treasury, without
(Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. vol. iv. pp. 240, &c. ) any body perceiving it. Agamedes and Trophonius
Some extracts from them are published by Theve now constantly robbed the treasury; and the king,
not in the “ Mathematici Veteres,” Paris, 1693, seeing that locks and seals were uninjured while his
fo. , and also in the Geoponica of Cassianus Bassus. treasures were constantly decreasing, set traps to
(Needham, Prolegom. aul Geopon. ) The part re- catch the thief. Agamedes was thus ensnared, and
lating to the military art was translated into Trophonius cut off his head to avert the discovery.
French by Guichard in the third volume of “Mé- After this, Trophonius was immediately swallowed
moires crit
. et hist. sur plusieurs Points d'Anti- up by the earth. On this spot there was afterwards,
quités militaires," Berl. 1774. Compare Dureau in the grove of Lebadeia, the so-called cave of Aga-
de la Malle, “ Poliorcétique des Anciens," Paris, medes with a column by the side of it. Here also
1819, 8vo.
was the oracle of Trophonius, and those who con-
AFRICA'NUS, T. SE'XTIUS, a Roman of sulted it first offered a ram to Agamedes and in-
noble rank, was deterred by Agrippina from mar- voked bim. (Paus. ix. 39. § 4; compare Dict. of
rying Silana In A. D. 62, he took the census in Ant. p. 673. ) A traditiou mentioned by Cicero
the provinces of Gaul, together with Q. Volusius (Tusc. Quaest. i. 47; comp. Plut. De consol. ad
and Trebellius Maximus. (Tac. Ann. xiii. 19, Apollon. 14), states that Agamedes and Tropho
xiv. 46. ) His name occurs in a fragment of the nius, after having built the temple of Apollo at
Fratres Arvales. (Gruter, p. 119. ) There was a Delphi, prayed to the god to grant them in reward
T. Sextius Africanus consul with Trajan in A. D. for their labour what was best for men. The god
112, who was probably a descendant of the one promised to do so on a certain day, and when tie
mentioned above.
day came, the two brothers died. The questiou as
AGA'CLYTUS (Agaxdurós), the author of a to whether the story about the Egyptian treasury
work about Olympia (Tepl 'OXvurlas), which is is derived from Greece, or whether the Greek story
referred to by Suidas and Photius. (s. v. Kiyent was an importation from Egypt, has been answered
δων. )
by modern scholars in both ways; but Müller
AGA'LLIAS. (AGALLIS. ]
(Orchom. p. 94, &c. ) bas rendered it very probable
AGALLIS ('Agarais) of Corcyra, a female that the tradition took its rise among the Minyans,
grammarian, who wrote upon Homer
. (Athen. i. was transferred from them to Augeias, and was
p. 14, d. ) Some bave supposed from two passages known in Greece long before the reign of Psammi-
in Suidas (s. t. 'Arayaixis and 'Opxnois), that tichus, during which the intercourse between the
we ought to read Anagallis in this passage of two countries was opened.
(L. S. ]
Athenaeus. The scholiast upon Homer and Eu- ! AGAMEMNON ('. yapéuvwv). 1. A son of
stathius (ad Il. xviii.
491) mention a grammarian Pleisthenes and grandson of Atreus, king of My-
of the name of Agallias, a pupil of Aristophanes cenae, in whose honse Agamemnon and Menelaus
the grammarian, also a Corcyraean and a commen- were educated afier the death of their father.
tator upon Homer, who may be the same as Agal. (Apollod. iii. 2. $ 2; Schol. ad Eurip. Or. 5; Schol.
lis or perhaps her father.
ad liad. ii. 249. ) Homer and several other writers
| AGAME'DE ('Ayauýdn). l. A daughter of call him a son of Atreus, grandson of Pelops, and
Augeias and wife of Mulius, who, according to great-grandsor of Tantalus. (Hom. I. xi. 131 ;
Homer (N. xi. 739), was acquainted with the heal- Eurip. Helen. 396 ; Tzetz. ad Lycophır. 147 ; Hygin.
ing powers of all the plants that grow upon the Ful. 97. ) His mother was, according to most ac-
earth. Hyginus (Fab. 157) makes her the mother counts, deerope ; but some call Eriphyle the wife
of Belus, Actor, and Dictys, by Poseidon.
of Pleisthenes and the mother of Agamemnon.
2. A daughter of Macaria, from whom Agamede, Besides his brother Menelaus, he had a sister, who
a place in Lesbos, was believed to have derived its is called Anaxibia, Cyndragora, o Astyocheia
came. (Steph. Byz. s. v. 'Agaynon. ) (L. S. ) (schol. Eurip. Or. 5; Bygin. Fulu 17. ) Aga-
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58
AGAMEMNON.
AGAMEMNON.
1
+
memnon and Menelaus were brought up together | Greeks were unable to leave the port. When the
with Aegisthus, the son of Thyestes, in the house seers declared that the anger of the goddess could
of Atreus. When they had grown to manhood, not be soothed unless Iphigeneia, the daughter of
Atreus sent Agamemnon and Menelaus to seek Agamemnon, were offered to her as an atoning
Thyestes. They found him at Delphi, and carried sacrifice, Diomedes and Odysseus were sent to
him to Atreus, who threw him into a dungeon. fetch her to the camp under the pretext that she
Aegisthus was afterwards commanded to kill him, was to be married to Achilles. She came ; but at
but, recognising his father in him, he abstained the moment when she was to be sacrificed, she
from the cruel deed, slew Atreus, and after having was carried off by Artemis herself (according to
expelled Agamemnon and Menelaus, he and his others by Achilles) to Tauris, and another victim
father occupied the kingdom of Mycenae. (AEGIS was substituted in her place. (Hygin. Fub. 98;
THUB. ] The two brothers wandered about for a Eurip. Iphig. Aul. 90, Iplug. Taur. 15; Sophocl.
time, and at last came to Sparta, where Agamem- Eled. 565; Pind. Pyth. xi. 35; Or. Met. xii. 31;
non married Clytemnestra, the daughter of Tynda- | Dict. Cret. i. 19; Schol. ad Lycophr. 183; Antonin.
rcus, by whom he became the father of Iphianassa Lib. 27. ) After this the calm ceased, and the
(Iphigeneia), Chrysothemis, Laodice (Electra), and army sailed to the coast of Troy. Agamemnon
Orestes (Hom. İl. ix. 145, with the note of Eus- alone bad one hundred ships, independent of sixty
tath. ; Lucret. i. 86. ) The manner in which Aga- which he had lent to the Arcadians. (11. ü. 576,
memnon came to the kingdom of Mycenae, is dif- 612. )
ferently related. From Homer (11. ii. 108; comp. In the tenth year of the siege of Troy-for it is
Paus. ix. 40. 86), it appears as if he had peaceably in this year that the Iliad opens—we find Aga-
succeeded Thyestes, while, according to others memnon involved in a quarrel with Achilles re-
(Aeschyl. Agam. 1605), he expelled Thyestes, and specting the possession of Briseïs, whom Achilles
risurped his throne. After he had become king of was obliged to give up to Agamemnon. Achilles
Mycenae, he rendered Sicyon and its king subjectſ withdrew from the field of battle, and the Greeks
to himself (Paus. Ü. 6. § 4), and became the most were visited by successive disasters. (ACHILLES. )
powerful prince in Greece. A catalogue of his Zeus sent a dream to Agamemnon to persuade him
dominions is given in the Iliad. (ii. 569, &c. ; to lead the Greeks to battle against the Trojans.
comp. Strab. viii. p. 377; Thucyd. i. 9. ) When (N. Ï. 8, &c. ) The king, in order to try the
Homer (Il. ii. 108) attributes to Agamemnon the Greeks, commanded them to return home, with
sovereignty over all Argos, the name Argos here which they readily complied, until their courage
signifies Peloponnessus, or the greater part of it, was revived by Odysseus, who persuaded them to
for the city of Argos was governed by Diomedes. prepare for battle. (12. q. 55, &c. ) After a single
(Il. ü. 559, &c. ) Strabo (l. c. ) has also shewn combat between Paris and Menelaus, a battle
that the name Argos is sometimes used by the tra- followed, in which Agamemnon killed several of
gic poets as synonymous with Mycenae.
the Trojans. When Hector challenged the bravest
When Helen, the wife of Menelaus, was carried of the Greeks, Agamemnon offered to fight with
off by Paris, the son of Priam, Agamemnon and him, but in his stead Ajax was chosen by lot.
Menelaus called upon all the Greek chiefs for as- Soon after this another battle took place, in which
sistance against Troy. (Odyss. xxiv. 115. ) The the Greeks were worsted (Il. viii. ), and Agamem-
chiefs met at Argos in the palace of Diomedes, non in despondence advised the Greeks to take to
where Agamemnon was chosen their chief com- flight and return home. (IL ix. 10. ) But he
mander, either in consequence of his superior power was opposed by the other heroes. An attempt to
(Eustath, ad I. ii. 108; Thucyd. i. 9), or because conciliate Achilles failed, and Agamemnon assem-
he had gained the favour of the assembled chiefs bled the chiefs in the night to deliberate about the
by giving them rich presents. (Dictys, Cret. i. 15, measures to be adopted. (I. . , &c. ) Odysseus
16. ) After two years of preparation, the Greek and Diomedes were then sent out as spies, and on
army and fleet assembled in the port of Aulis in the day following the contest with the Trojans was
Boeotia. Agamemnon had previously consulted renewed. Agamemnon himself was again one of
the oracle about the issue of the enterprise, and the bravest, and blew many enemies with his own
the answer given was, that Troy should fall at the hand. At last, however, he was wounded by Coon
time when the most distinguished among the Greeks and obliged to withdraw to his tent. (N. xi. 250,
should quarrel. (Od. viii. 80. ) A similar prophecy &c. ) Hector now advanced victoriously, and Aga-
was derived from a marvellous occurrence which memnon again advised the Greeks to save them-
happened while the Greeks were assembled at selves by flight. (N. xiv. 75, &c. ) But Odysseus
Aulis. Once when a sacrifice was offered under and Diomedes again resisted him, and the latter
the boughs of a tree, a dragon crawled forth from prevailed upon him to return to the battle which was
under it, and devoured a nest on the tree containing going on near the ships. Poseidon also appeared
eight young birds and their mother. Calchas in-
to Agamemnon in the figure of an aged man, and
terpreted the sign to indicate that the Greeks inspired him with new courage. (N. xiv. 125, &c. )
would have to fight against Troy for nine years, The pressing danger of the Greeks at last induced
but that in the tenth the city would fall. (n. ii. Patroclus, the friend of Achilles, to take an
303, &c. ) An account of a different miracle por- energetic part in the battle, and his fall roused
tending the same thing is given by Aeschylus. Achilles to new activity, and led to his reconcilia-
(Agam. 110, &c. ) Another interesting incident tion with Agamemnon. In the games at the
happened while the Greeks were assembled at funeral pyre of Patroclus, Agamemnon gained the
Aulis. Agamemnon, it is said, killed a stag which first prize in throwing the spear. (1. xxiii. 890,
was sacred to Artemis, and in addition provoked &c. )
the anger of the goddess by irreverent words. Agamemnon, although the chief commander of
She in return visited the Greek army with a pes- the Greeks, is not the hero of the Iliad, and in
tilence, and produced a perfect calm, so that the chivalrous spirit, bravery, and character, altogether
1
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59
AGAMEMNON.
AGAPETUS.
inferior to Achilles. But he nevertheless rises | marked that several Latin poets mention a bastard
above all the Greeks by his dignity, power, and son of Agamemnon, of the name of Halesus, to
majesty (Il.
