seer Teiresias, however, induced the Thebans to
Oforis) that, according to some, he was the 16th quit their town, and take their wives and children
before Thespis, while, according to others, he with them, while they sent ambassadors to the
almost immediately preceded him.
Oforis) that, according to some, he was the 16th quit their town, and take their wives and children
before Thespis, while, according to others, he with them, while they sent ambassadors to the
almost immediately preceded him.
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - b
; and especially Stein-
with himself. The deficiencies are most striking hart in Ersch u. Gruber, Algem. Encyclop. vol. xxxv.
in his views concerning the gods, which drew upon p. 459, &c.
him the charge of atheism. His gods, like every- Diogenes Laërtius (x. 26) mentions three other
thing else, consisted of atoms, and our notions of persons of the name of Epicurus, and Menage on
them are based upon the eldwia which are reflected that passage points out three more; but all of
from them and pass into our minds. They were them are persons concerning whom nothing is
and always had been in the enjoyment of perfect known.
[L. S. )
happiness, which had not been disturbed by the
EPICY'DES ('ETIKÚÔns). I. A Syracusan by
D 2
1
c.
system of Epi-
in all antiquity
of being inde
ad those who
teachers were
tter hostility.
αυτοδίδακτος,
is philosophy
lebted to the
• Democritas
art of his phi-
be admitted,
it arose from
the Greek
were led to
uld not find
great extent
## p. 36 (#52) ##############################################
36
EPIDAURUS.
EPIGENES.
origin, but born and educated at Carthage, and the according to those of Elis a son of A polle. (A pol-
son of a Carthaginian mother, his grandfather lod. ii. 1. 2; Paus. ii. 26. $ 3. ) (L. S. )
having been banished by Agathocles, and having EPI'DIUS, a Latin rhetorician who taught the
settled at Carthage. (Polyb. vii. 2; Liv. xxiv. 6. ) art of oratory towards the close of the republic,
He served, together with his elder brother Hippo- numbering M. Antonius and Octavianus among
crates, with much distinction in the army of his scholars. His skill, however, was not sufficient
Hannibal, both in Spain and Italy; and when, to save him from a conviction for malicious accu-
after the battle of Cannae, Hierosymus of Syracuse sation (calumnia). We are told that he claimed
sent to make overtures to Hannibal, that general descent from Epidius Nuncionus (the name is pro-
selected the two brothers as his envoys to Syracuse. bably corrupt), a rural deity, who appears to have
They soon gained over the wavering mind of the been worshipped upon the banks of the Sarnus.
young king, and induced him to desert the Roman (Sueton. de Clar. Rhet. 4. )
(W. R. )
alliance. (Polyb. vii. 2–5; Liv. xxiv. 6—7. ) C. EPIDIUS MARULLUS. (MARULLUS. ]
But the murder of Hieronymus shortly after, and EPIDO'T ES ('Enidas), a divinity who was
the revolution that ensued at Syracuse, for a time worshipped at Lacedaemon, and averted the anger
deranged their plans : they at first demanded of Zeus llicesius for the crime committed by Pau-
merely a safe-conduct to return to Hannibal, but sanias. (Paus. iii. 17. 8. ) Epidotes, wbich
soon found that they could do more good by their means the “ liberal giver," occurs also as a sur-
intrigues at Syracuse, where they even succeeded name of other divinities, such as Zeus at Mantineia
in procuring their election as generals, in the place and Sparta (Paus. viii. 9. Ø 1; Hesych. s. v. ), of
of Andranodorus and Themistus. But the Roman the god of sleep at Sicyon, who had a statue in
party again obtained the upper hand; and Hippo- the temple of Asclepius there, which represented
crates having been sent with a force to Leontini, him in the act of sending a lion to sleep (Paus. ii.
Epicydes joined him there, and they set at defiance 10. § 3), and lastly of the beneficent gods, to
the Syracusan government. Leontini was, indeed, whom Antoninus built a sanctuary at Epidaurus,
quickly reduced by Marcellus, but his cruelties (Paus. Ü. 27. $ 7. )
(L. S. )
there alienated the Syracusans, and still more the EPIGENES ('Erryérms), son of Antiphon, of
foreign mercenaries in their service; a disposition the demus of Cephisia, is mentioned by Plato
of which Hippocrates and Epicydes (who had made among the disciples of Socrates who were with
their escape to Erbessus) ably availed themselves, him in his last moments. Xenophon represents
induced the troops sent against them to mutiny, Socrates as remonstrating with him on his neglect
and returned at their head to Syracuse, of which of the bodily exercises requisite for health and
they made themselves masters with little difficulty, strength. (Plat. A pol. p. 33, Phaed. p. 59 ; Xen.
B. C. 214. (Liv. xxiv. 21-32. ) Marcellus im- Mem. ii. 12. )
(E. E. )
mediately proceeded to besiege Syracuse, the EPIGENÉS ('Erogérns). 1. An Athenian
defence of which was conducted with ability and poet of the middle comedy. Pollux indeed (vii.
vigour by the two brothers, who had been again 29) speaks of him as véwy TIS KWulxwv, but the
appointed generals. When the Roman commander terms "middle" and “new," as Clinton remarks (F.
found himself obliged to turn the siege into a H. vol. ii. p. xlix. ), are not always very carefully
blockade, Epicydes continued to hold the city applied. (See Arist. Eth. Nic. iv. 8. $ 6. ) Epigenes
itself, while Hippocrates conducted the operations himself, in a fragment of his play called Mynuatio
in other parts of Sicily. The former was, however, (ap. Ath. xi. p. 472, f. ) speaks of Pixodarus,
unable to prevent the surprise of the Epipolae, prince of Caria, as "the king's son"; and from
which were betrayed into the hands of Marcellus ; this Meineke argues (Hlist. Crit. Com. Graec. p.
but he still exerted his utmost efforts against the 354), that the comedy in question must have been
Romans, and co-operated zealously with the army written while Hecatomnus, the father of Pixoda-
from without under Himilco and Hippocrates. rus, was yet alive, and perhaps about B. c. 380.
After the defeat of the latter he went in person to We find besides in Athenaeus (ix. p. 409, d. ), that
meet Bomilcar, who was advancing with a Cartha- there was a doubt among the ancients whether the
ginian fleet to the relief of the city, and hasten his play called 'Apyupiou apaviouós should be assigned
arrival ; but, after the retreat of Bomilcar, heto Epigenes or Antiphanes. These poets therefore
seems to have regarded the fall of Syracuse as in- must have been contemporaries. (See vol. i. p. 204,
evitable, and withdrew to Agrigentum. (Liv. b. ) The fragments of the comedies of Epigenes
xxiv. 33–39, xxv. 23—27. ) Here he appears to have been collected by Meineke (vol. iii. p. 537 ;
have remained and co-operated with the Numidian comp. Poll rii. 29 ; Ath. i. p. 75, e. , ix. p. 384,
Mutines, until the capture of Agrigentum (B. C. a. , xi. pp. 469, C. , 474, a. , 480, a. , 486, C. , 502, e. ).
210) obliged him to fly with Hanno to Carthage, 2. Of Sicyon, who has been confounded by
after which his name is not again mentioned. some with his namesake the comic poet, is men-
(Liv. xxvi. 40. )
tioned by Suidas (s. v. OÉ OTIS) as the most ancient
2. A Syracusan, surnamed Sindon, one of the writer of tragedy. By the word “ tragedy" here
lieutenants of the preceding, who were left by him we can understand only the old dithyrambic and
in command of Syracuse when he retired to Agri- satyrical Tpayasia, into which it is possible that
gentum : he was put to death by the Roman Epigenes may have been the first to introduce
party, together with his colleagues. (Liv. xxv. other subjects than the original one of the fortunes
28. )
of Dionysus, if at least we may trust the account
3. Of Olynthus, a general under Ophellas of which we find in Apostolius, Photius, and Suidas,
Cyrene, who took Thimbron prisoner at Teuchira. of the origin of the proverb ovder após töv Acó
(Arr. ap. Phot. 70, a. )
[E. H. B. ] vvoov. This would clearly be one of the earliest
EPIDAURUS ('Enidavpos), the mythical foun- steps in the gradual transformation of the old
der of Epidaurus, a son of Argos and Evadne, but dithyrambic performance into the dramatic tragedy
according to Argive legends a son of Pelops, and / of later times, and may tend to justify the state
.
P.
## p. 37 (#53) ##############################################
EPIGONI.
37
EPIMENDIES.
ed
10
T
true
and
E)
ment which ascribes the invention of tragedy to of Laodamas, after whose fall they took to flight
the Sicyonians. We do not know the period at to protect themselves within their city. On the
which Epigenes flourished, and the point was a part of the Epigoni, Aegialeus had fallen. The
doubtful one in the time of Suidas, who says (s. v.
seer Teiresias, however, induced the Thebans to
Oforis) that, according to some, he was the 16th quit their town, and take their wives and children
before Thespis, while, according to others, he with them, while they sent ambassadors to the
almost immediately preceded him. (See Müller, enemy to sue for peace. The Argives, however,
Dor. iv. 7. & 8; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Gracc. took possession of Thebes, and razed it to the
p. 354; Arist. Poët. 3; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. ground. The Epigoni sent a portion of the booty
ii. pp. 160, 303, vol. ir. p. 10; Dict. of Ant. p. and Manto, the daughter of Teiresias, to Delphi,
980, a. )
(E. E. ] and then returned to Peloponnesus. The war of
EPIGENES (Ewiyévns) of Byzantium is sup- the Epigoni was made the subject of epic and
posed to have lived about the time of Augustus by tragic poems. (Paus. ix. 9. 3. ) The statues
some, and several centuries earlier by others; no- of the seven Epigoni were dedicated at Delphi.
thing, in fact, is known of his date, except what (Paus. x. 10. § 2. )
(L. S. ]
may be inferred from the slight mention of him EPIGONUS ('Eulyovos) of Thessalonicn, the
by Seneca, Pliny, and Censorinus. According to author of two epigrams in the Greck Anthology.
Seneca (Nat. Quaest. vii. 30. ), Epigenes professed (Brunck. Anal. vol
. ii
. p. 306; Jacobs, vol. iii. p.
to have studied in Chaldea, from whence he i9, vol. xiii. p. 889. )
[P. S. )
brought, among other things, the notions of the EPIGONUS, a Greek statuary, whose works
Chaldeans on comets, in his account of which he were chiefly in imitation of other artists, but who
is held to differ much from Apollonius Myndius displayed original power in two works, namely, a
(see his life), though it is not, we think, difficult to trumpeter, and an infant caressing its slain mother.
reconcile the two. Pliny (H. N. vii. 56) has a pas- It is natural to suppose that the latter work was
sage about Epigenes, which states that he asserts an imitation of the celebrated picture of Aristeides.
the Chaldeans to have had observations recorded on (Plin. xxiv. 8. s. 19. § 29. )
[P. S. )
brick (coctilibus laterculis) for 720 (? ) years, and EPILY'CUS ('Etiaukos), an Athenian comic
that Berosus and Critodemus say 420 (? ) years. poet of the old comedy, who is mentioned by
But among the various readings are found 720 an ancient grammarian in connexion with Aristo-
thousand and 420 thousand, which seem to be the phanes and Philyllius, and of whose play Kwpaliokos
ones, for on them Pliny goes on to remark a few fragments are preserved. (Suid. s. v. ; Athen.
“ Ex quo apparet aeternus litterarum usus. " Fa- iv. pp. 133, b. , 140, a. , xiv. p. 650, C. , xv. p. 691,
bricius and Bayle (Dict. art. Babylon) adopt the C. ; Bekker, Anecd. p. 411. 17; Phot. Ler. s. v.
larger readings, and also Bailly, who takes them TeTTiyóviov; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec, vol. i. p.
to mean days. Pliny may perhaps seem to say 269, ii. pp. 887, 889; Bergk, de Relig. Com. Att.
that Epigenes is the first author of note who made Ant. p. 431. ) An epic poet of the same nanie, a
any such assertion about the Chaldeans: “Epi- brother of the comic poet Crates, is mentioned
genes . . . docet gravis auctor imprimis ;” and thus by Suidas (s. v. Kpátns).
(P. S. ]
interpreted, he is made to mean that Epigenes was EPI'MACHUS, a distinguished Athenian archi-
older than Berosus, and therefore than Alexander tect and engineer, built the Helepolis of Demetrius
the Great. Weidler adopts this conclusion on dif- Poliorcetes. (Vitruv. x. 2. )
[P. S. ]
ferent and rather hypothetical grounds.
EPIME’DES ('Etihons), one of the Curetes.
(A. De M. ) (Paus. v. 7. § 4, 14. § 5; comp. CURETES ; Dac-
EPIGE’NIUS, comes et magister memoriae, TYLI. )
(L. S. ]
one of the commission of sixteen, appointed by EPIME'NIDES ('Enquevidns). 1. A poet and
Theodosius in a D. 435, to compile the Theodosian prophet of Crete. His father's name was Dosi-
Code, and one of the eight who actually signalized ades or Agesarces. We have an account of him
themselves in its composition. [DIODORUS, vol. i. in Diogenes Laërtius (i. c. 10), which, however, is
p. 1018. )
(J. T. G. ) a very uncritical mixture of heterogeneous tradi-
EPI'GONI (Ericovoi), that is, the heirs or tions, so that it is difficult, if not altogether impos-
descendants. By this name ancient mythology sible, to discover its real historical substance. The
understands the sons of the seven heroes who had mythical character of the traditions of Epimenides
undertaken an expedition against Thebes, and had is sufficiently indicated by the fact of his being
perished there. (ADRASTUS. ] Ten years after called the son of a nymph, and of his being reck-
that catastrophe, the descendants of the seven oned among the Curetes. It seems, however,
heroes went against Thebes to avenge their fathers, pretty clear, that he was a native of Phaestus in
and this war is called the war of the Epigoni. Crete (Diog. Laërt. i. 109; Plut. Sol. 12 ; de
According to some traditions, this war was under- Defect. Orac. 1), and that he spent the greater part
taken at the request of Adrastus, the only surviver of his life at Cnossus, whence he is sometimes
of the seven heroes. The names of the Epigoni called a Cnossian. There is a story that when yet a
are not the same in all accounts (Apollod. iii
. 7. boy, he was sent out by his father to fetch a sheep,
$ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 66 ; Paus. x. 10. § 2; Hygin. and that seeking shelter from the heat of the mid-
Fab. 71); but the common lists contain Alcmaeon, day sun, he went into a cave. He there fell into
Aegialeus, Diomedes, Promachus, Sthenelus, Ther- a sleep in which he remained for fifty-seven years.
sander, and Euryalus. Alcmaeon undertook the On waking he sought for the sheep, not knowing
command, in accordance with an oracle, and col- how long he had been sleeping, and was astonished
lected a considerable band of Argives. The Thebans to find everything around him altered. When he
Inarched out against the enemy, under the command returned home, he found to his great amazement,
that his younger brother had in the meantime
Diodorus (ii. 8) says the Chaldeans claim for grown an old man. The time at which Epimenides
themselves 473,000 years.
lived, is determined by his invitation to Athens,
is (F.
Cares
sܕ 1
e been
Proda
her i
issigned
beretare
R
Ерітла
po 331;
511, el
nded to
is set
st acest
edra bere
srbic and
sible that
in trees
je fartas
he acopes
nd Suta
is toy a
the earliest
of the old
stic tragedy
y the state
## p. 38 (#54) ##############################################
88
EPIPHANIUS.
EPIMENIDES.
when he had already arrived at an advanced age. | allusion to Epimenides seems to be made in St.
He was looked upon by the Greeks as a great sage Paul's Epistle to Titus (i. 12).
with himself. The deficiencies are most striking hart in Ersch u. Gruber, Algem. Encyclop. vol. xxxv.
in his views concerning the gods, which drew upon p. 459, &c.
him the charge of atheism. His gods, like every- Diogenes Laërtius (x. 26) mentions three other
thing else, consisted of atoms, and our notions of persons of the name of Epicurus, and Menage on
them are based upon the eldwia which are reflected that passage points out three more; but all of
from them and pass into our minds. They were them are persons concerning whom nothing is
and always had been in the enjoyment of perfect known.
[L. S. )
happiness, which had not been disturbed by the
EPICY'DES ('ETIKÚÔns). I. A Syracusan by
D 2
1
c.
system of Epi-
in all antiquity
of being inde
ad those who
teachers were
tter hostility.
αυτοδίδακτος,
is philosophy
lebted to the
• Democritas
art of his phi-
be admitted,
it arose from
the Greek
were led to
uld not find
great extent
## p. 36 (#52) ##############################################
36
EPIDAURUS.
EPIGENES.
origin, but born and educated at Carthage, and the according to those of Elis a son of A polle. (A pol-
son of a Carthaginian mother, his grandfather lod. ii. 1. 2; Paus. ii. 26. $ 3. ) (L. S. )
having been banished by Agathocles, and having EPI'DIUS, a Latin rhetorician who taught the
settled at Carthage. (Polyb. vii. 2; Liv. xxiv. 6. ) art of oratory towards the close of the republic,
He served, together with his elder brother Hippo- numbering M. Antonius and Octavianus among
crates, with much distinction in the army of his scholars. His skill, however, was not sufficient
Hannibal, both in Spain and Italy; and when, to save him from a conviction for malicious accu-
after the battle of Cannae, Hierosymus of Syracuse sation (calumnia). We are told that he claimed
sent to make overtures to Hannibal, that general descent from Epidius Nuncionus (the name is pro-
selected the two brothers as his envoys to Syracuse. bably corrupt), a rural deity, who appears to have
They soon gained over the wavering mind of the been worshipped upon the banks of the Sarnus.
young king, and induced him to desert the Roman (Sueton. de Clar. Rhet. 4. )
(W. R. )
alliance. (Polyb. vii. 2–5; Liv. xxiv. 6—7. ) C. EPIDIUS MARULLUS. (MARULLUS. ]
But the murder of Hieronymus shortly after, and EPIDO'T ES ('Enidas), a divinity who was
the revolution that ensued at Syracuse, for a time worshipped at Lacedaemon, and averted the anger
deranged their plans : they at first demanded of Zeus llicesius for the crime committed by Pau-
merely a safe-conduct to return to Hannibal, but sanias. (Paus. iii. 17. 8. ) Epidotes, wbich
soon found that they could do more good by their means the “ liberal giver," occurs also as a sur-
intrigues at Syracuse, where they even succeeded name of other divinities, such as Zeus at Mantineia
in procuring their election as generals, in the place and Sparta (Paus. viii. 9. Ø 1; Hesych. s. v. ), of
of Andranodorus and Themistus. But the Roman the god of sleep at Sicyon, who had a statue in
party again obtained the upper hand; and Hippo- the temple of Asclepius there, which represented
crates having been sent with a force to Leontini, him in the act of sending a lion to sleep (Paus. ii.
Epicydes joined him there, and they set at defiance 10. § 3), and lastly of the beneficent gods, to
the Syracusan government. Leontini was, indeed, whom Antoninus built a sanctuary at Epidaurus,
quickly reduced by Marcellus, but his cruelties (Paus. Ü. 27. $ 7. )
(L. S. )
there alienated the Syracusans, and still more the EPIGENES ('Erryérms), son of Antiphon, of
foreign mercenaries in their service; a disposition the demus of Cephisia, is mentioned by Plato
of which Hippocrates and Epicydes (who had made among the disciples of Socrates who were with
their escape to Erbessus) ably availed themselves, him in his last moments. Xenophon represents
induced the troops sent against them to mutiny, Socrates as remonstrating with him on his neglect
and returned at their head to Syracuse, of which of the bodily exercises requisite for health and
they made themselves masters with little difficulty, strength. (Plat. A pol. p. 33, Phaed. p. 59 ; Xen.
B. C. 214. (Liv. xxiv. 21-32. ) Marcellus im- Mem. ii. 12. )
(E. E. )
mediately proceeded to besiege Syracuse, the EPIGENÉS ('Erogérns). 1. An Athenian
defence of which was conducted with ability and poet of the middle comedy. Pollux indeed (vii.
vigour by the two brothers, who had been again 29) speaks of him as véwy TIS KWulxwv, but the
appointed generals. When the Roman commander terms "middle" and “new," as Clinton remarks (F.
found himself obliged to turn the siege into a H. vol. ii. p. xlix. ), are not always very carefully
blockade, Epicydes continued to hold the city applied. (See Arist. Eth. Nic. iv. 8. $ 6. ) Epigenes
itself, while Hippocrates conducted the operations himself, in a fragment of his play called Mynuatio
in other parts of Sicily. The former was, however, (ap. Ath. xi. p. 472, f. ) speaks of Pixodarus,
unable to prevent the surprise of the Epipolae, prince of Caria, as "the king's son"; and from
which were betrayed into the hands of Marcellus ; this Meineke argues (Hlist. Crit. Com. Graec. p.
but he still exerted his utmost efforts against the 354), that the comedy in question must have been
Romans, and co-operated zealously with the army written while Hecatomnus, the father of Pixoda-
from without under Himilco and Hippocrates. rus, was yet alive, and perhaps about B. c. 380.
After the defeat of the latter he went in person to We find besides in Athenaeus (ix. p. 409, d. ), that
meet Bomilcar, who was advancing with a Cartha- there was a doubt among the ancients whether the
ginian fleet to the relief of the city, and hasten his play called 'Apyupiou apaviouós should be assigned
arrival ; but, after the retreat of Bomilcar, heto Epigenes or Antiphanes. These poets therefore
seems to have regarded the fall of Syracuse as in- must have been contemporaries. (See vol. i. p. 204,
evitable, and withdrew to Agrigentum. (Liv. b. ) The fragments of the comedies of Epigenes
xxiv. 33–39, xxv. 23—27. ) Here he appears to have been collected by Meineke (vol. iii. p. 537 ;
have remained and co-operated with the Numidian comp. Poll rii. 29 ; Ath. i. p. 75, e. , ix. p. 384,
Mutines, until the capture of Agrigentum (B. C. a. , xi. pp. 469, C. , 474, a. , 480, a. , 486, C. , 502, e. ).
210) obliged him to fly with Hanno to Carthage, 2. Of Sicyon, who has been confounded by
after which his name is not again mentioned. some with his namesake the comic poet, is men-
(Liv. xxvi. 40. )
tioned by Suidas (s. v. OÉ OTIS) as the most ancient
2. A Syracusan, surnamed Sindon, one of the writer of tragedy. By the word “ tragedy" here
lieutenants of the preceding, who were left by him we can understand only the old dithyrambic and
in command of Syracuse when he retired to Agri- satyrical Tpayasia, into which it is possible that
gentum : he was put to death by the Roman Epigenes may have been the first to introduce
party, together with his colleagues. (Liv. xxv. other subjects than the original one of the fortunes
28. )
of Dionysus, if at least we may trust the account
3. Of Olynthus, a general under Ophellas of which we find in Apostolius, Photius, and Suidas,
Cyrene, who took Thimbron prisoner at Teuchira. of the origin of the proverb ovder após töv Acó
(Arr. ap. Phot. 70, a. )
[E. H. B. ] vvoov. This would clearly be one of the earliest
EPIDAURUS ('Enidavpos), the mythical foun- steps in the gradual transformation of the old
der of Epidaurus, a son of Argos and Evadne, but dithyrambic performance into the dramatic tragedy
according to Argive legends a son of Pelops, and / of later times, and may tend to justify the state
.
P.
## p. 37 (#53) ##############################################
EPIGONI.
37
EPIMENDIES.
ed
10
T
true
and
E)
ment which ascribes the invention of tragedy to of Laodamas, after whose fall they took to flight
the Sicyonians. We do not know the period at to protect themselves within their city. On the
which Epigenes flourished, and the point was a part of the Epigoni, Aegialeus had fallen. The
doubtful one in the time of Suidas, who says (s. v.
seer Teiresias, however, induced the Thebans to
Oforis) that, according to some, he was the 16th quit their town, and take their wives and children
before Thespis, while, according to others, he with them, while they sent ambassadors to the
almost immediately preceded him. (See Müller, enemy to sue for peace. The Argives, however,
Dor. iv. 7. & 8; Meineke, Hist. Crit. Com. Gracc. took possession of Thebes, and razed it to the
p. 354; Arist. Poët. 3; Fabric. Bill. Graec. vol. ground. The Epigoni sent a portion of the booty
ii. pp. 160, 303, vol. ir. p. 10; Dict. of Ant. p. and Manto, the daughter of Teiresias, to Delphi,
980, a. )
(E. E. ] and then returned to Peloponnesus. The war of
EPIGENES (Ewiyévns) of Byzantium is sup- the Epigoni was made the subject of epic and
posed to have lived about the time of Augustus by tragic poems. (Paus. ix. 9. 3. ) The statues
some, and several centuries earlier by others; no- of the seven Epigoni were dedicated at Delphi.
thing, in fact, is known of his date, except what (Paus. x. 10. § 2. )
(L. S. ]
may be inferred from the slight mention of him EPIGONUS ('Eulyovos) of Thessalonicn, the
by Seneca, Pliny, and Censorinus. According to author of two epigrams in the Greck Anthology.
Seneca (Nat. Quaest. vii. 30. ), Epigenes professed (Brunck. Anal. vol
. ii
. p. 306; Jacobs, vol. iii. p.
to have studied in Chaldea, from whence he i9, vol. xiii. p. 889. )
[P. S. )
brought, among other things, the notions of the EPIGONUS, a Greek statuary, whose works
Chaldeans on comets, in his account of which he were chiefly in imitation of other artists, but who
is held to differ much from Apollonius Myndius displayed original power in two works, namely, a
(see his life), though it is not, we think, difficult to trumpeter, and an infant caressing its slain mother.
reconcile the two. Pliny (H. N. vii. 56) has a pas- It is natural to suppose that the latter work was
sage about Epigenes, which states that he asserts an imitation of the celebrated picture of Aristeides.
the Chaldeans to have had observations recorded on (Plin. xxiv. 8. s. 19. § 29. )
[P. S. )
brick (coctilibus laterculis) for 720 (? ) years, and EPILY'CUS ('Etiaukos), an Athenian comic
that Berosus and Critodemus say 420 (? ) years. poet of the old comedy, who is mentioned by
But among the various readings are found 720 an ancient grammarian in connexion with Aristo-
thousand and 420 thousand, which seem to be the phanes and Philyllius, and of whose play Kwpaliokos
ones, for on them Pliny goes on to remark a few fragments are preserved. (Suid. s. v. ; Athen.
“ Ex quo apparet aeternus litterarum usus. " Fa- iv. pp. 133, b. , 140, a. , xiv. p. 650, C. , xv. p. 691,
bricius and Bayle (Dict. art. Babylon) adopt the C. ; Bekker, Anecd. p. 411. 17; Phot. Ler. s. v.
larger readings, and also Bailly, who takes them TeTTiyóviov; Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec, vol. i. p.
to mean days. Pliny may perhaps seem to say 269, ii. pp. 887, 889; Bergk, de Relig. Com. Att.
that Epigenes is the first author of note who made Ant. p. 431. ) An epic poet of the same nanie, a
any such assertion about the Chaldeans: “Epi- brother of the comic poet Crates, is mentioned
genes . . . docet gravis auctor imprimis ;” and thus by Suidas (s. v. Kpátns).
(P. S. ]
interpreted, he is made to mean that Epigenes was EPI'MACHUS, a distinguished Athenian archi-
older than Berosus, and therefore than Alexander tect and engineer, built the Helepolis of Demetrius
the Great. Weidler adopts this conclusion on dif- Poliorcetes. (Vitruv. x. 2. )
[P. S. ]
ferent and rather hypothetical grounds.
EPIME’DES ('Etihons), one of the Curetes.
(A. De M. ) (Paus. v. 7. § 4, 14. § 5; comp. CURETES ; Dac-
EPIGE’NIUS, comes et magister memoriae, TYLI. )
(L. S. ]
one of the commission of sixteen, appointed by EPIME'NIDES ('Enquevidns). 1. A poet and
Theodosius in a D. 435, to compile the Theodosian prophet of Crete. His father's name was Dosi-
Code, and one of the eight who actually signalized ades or Agesarces. We have an account of him
themselves in its composition. [DIODORUS, vol. i. in Diogenes Laërtius (i. c. 10), which, however, is
p. 1018. )
(J. T. G. ) a very uncritical mixture of heterogeneous tradi-
EPI'GONI (Ericovoi), that is, the heirs or tions, so that it is difficult, if not altogether impos-
descendants. By this name ancient mythology sible, to discover its real historical substance. The
understands the sons of the seven heroes who had mythical character of the traditions of Epimenides
undertaken an expedition against Thebes, and had is sufficiently indicated by the fact of his being
perished there. (ADRASTUS. ] Ten years after called the son of a nymph, and of his being reck-
that catastrophe, the descendants of the seven oned among the Curetes. It seems, however,
heroes went against Thebes to avenge their fathers, pretty clear, that he was a native of Phaestus in
and this war is called the war of the Epigoni. Crete (Diog. Laërt. i. 109; Plut. Sol. 12 ; de
According to some traditions, this war was under- Defect. Orac. 1), and that he spent the greater part
taken at the request of Adrastus, the only surviver of his life at Cnossus, whence he is sometimes
of the seven heroes. The names of the Epigoni called a Cnossian. There is a story that when yet a
are not the same in all accounts (Apollod. iii
. 7. boy, he was sent out by his father to fetch a sheep,
$ 2, &c. ; Diod. iv. 66 ; Paus. x. 10. § 2; Hygin. and that seeking shelter from the heat of the mid-
Fab. 71); but the common lists contain Alcmaeon, day sun, he went into a cave. He there fell into
Aegialeus, Diomedes, Promachus, Sthenelus, Ther- a sleep in which he remained for fifty-seven years.
sander, and Euryalus. Alcmaeon undertook the On waking he sought for the sheep, not knowing
command, in accordance with an oracle, and col- how long he had been sleeping, and was astonished
lected a considerable band of Argives. The Thebans to find everything around him altered. When he
Inarched out against the enemy, under the command returned home, he found to his great amazement,
that his younger brother had in the meantime
Diodorus (ii. 8) says the Chaldeans claim for grown an old man. The time at which Epimenides
themselves 473,000 years.
lived, is determined by his invitation to Athens,
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## p. 38 (#54) ##############################################
88
EPIPHANIUS.
EPIMENIDES.
when he had already arrived at an advanced age. | allusion to Epimenides seems to be made in St.
He was looked upon by the Greeks as a great sage Paul's Epistle to Titus (i. 12).
