yclooedia
; or
April 28.
April 28.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v4
237.
3 See an account of him, at the 30th of
:
classed,
i
Rev. Dr.
King's County. "— Lanigan's
April 28. ] Z/yJSS OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 517
for publication, at this date. ^ The Bollandists ^ have presented a Vita S. Cronani, in their great collection. ^ This Life, in the opinion of Father Pape-
broke,9 was written by a monk or cleric, belonging to Roscrea, and some four or five centuries after our saint's death, for the use and edification of the brethren connected with that monastery. The author of this composition is unknown, but he appears to have indulged in exaggerated statements, or somewhat doubtful traditionary accounts, concerning the subject of his bio- graphy. '" A previous commentary is added ; and, the Acts of St. Cronan are divided into three chapters, comprising eighteen distinct paragraphs, with notes. A more perfect copy was procured, by Father Thomas Sirinus, as the Salamancan Manuscript, used by the Bollandists, was mutilated. " The Protestant Archbishop Ussher of Armagh quotes a Life of St. Cronan, and he gives some extracts from it ;" while this seems to have been in no manner different from the Acts, to which allusion has been made, and which are still preserved in Marsh's Library. Bishop Challoner '3 has inserted a few short notices regarding this saint, and these are chiefly extracted from Ussher. At the 28th of April, we find biographical particulars of St. Cronan, Abbot of Roscrea, in Rev. Alban Butler's, '< Rev. Dr. Lanigan's. 's and Rev. S. Baring- Gould's'*works. Amerenoticeofhimoccurs,in"LesPetitsBollaudistes Vies des Saints. '"?
His father, who was called Hodran,'' belonged to the district of Hely
0'Carroll,'9 which was in the eastern part of Munster, and on the western
boundary of Leinster, adjoining the territory of Ossory. *° His mother," named Coemri, was from the Corcobaschin district, in the western part of the present County Clare. " We are told,^3 that the mother of our saint, the mother of St. Mobai,'* and the mother of St. Mochonna,*' were three sisters. '*
'"
See Catalogus Actuum Sanctorum
quae MS. habentur, ordine Mensium et Dierum. "
' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Ap- ribs xxviii. De Sancto Cronano, Abbate
p. 8.
' He is the editor of this Tract.
'" The two last sections of the Third
Chapter were supplied, by Fatlier Thomas Sheeran, of the Irish Franciscan house, at I. ouvain.
". See "Acta Sanctorum," tom. iii. ,
indeed, this is a correction made by Arch- bishop Ussher.
'» " That district, or at least a part of it,
is, as often observed, now comprised in the
Koscreensi in to Hibernia, pp. 579
"
Ecclesiastical of
History Ireland,"
vol. iii. ,
583.
' The Rev. Dr. Lanigan calls it " a re- spectable and very circumstantial docu- ment. "—"Ecclesiastical History of . Ire- land," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 20,
chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 21, p. 9.
"" Thus it is located, in the Life of St.
Mochoemoc or Pulcherius, published by
Colgan, at the 13th day of March,
" North of the River Shannon.
" According to the account left us in the
Salamancan Manuscript, published by the Bollandists.
"\\'e read in the Vita S. Cronani: " Mater S. Cronani et S. Mobai mater, et mater S. —Mochoniiae tres germanae sorores
»s He might have been an Abbot, bearing that name, and who seems to have governed a monastery, somewhere in Leinster. He was living in St. Kevin's time. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia," viii. Martii, De S. Mochonna, Abbate, p. 505. However, the Rev. Dr. Laniyan remarks, "as there were other St. Mochonnas about th—at period this
xxviii. Aprilis, num. 10, p. 580. ""
fuerunt. " Cap. i. ,
See Antiquitates liritannicarum F. c- clesiarum," cap. xvii. , p. 502.
sect. i.
•< His identity has not been discovered.
'^ See "Britannia Sancta," part i. , p. a68.
'* Sec " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs
and other principal Saints," vol. , iv. , April xxviii.
'5 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , «ect. ii. , pp. 6 to 10.
'See "Lives of the Samts," vol. iv. ,
April 28, pp. 361, 362.
''See tome v. , xxviii' Jour d'Avril,
p. 57.
" More probably Odran, a name which
was known in that part of the country ; and,
"Ecclesias- tical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap.
pointmust remain undecided. "
xvii. , sect, ii, n. 22, p. 9.
»* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Apiilis xxviii. , p. 580.
'' See the edition of Dr. Whitley Stokes,
5i8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 28.
With regard to lier celebrated son, if we are to credit the conjecture of a Scholiast on tlie Festilogy of St. ^ngus. '? he was born at Tuaim Findlocha,'*
whicii place may be rendered Tomfinlough/"s However, other accounts seem to be irreconcilable with such a statement \'° for, they have it, that St. CionanwasanativeofF;ie,3'intheprovinceofMunster. 3= Atfirst,aswe are informed, he was called Mochua. The parents of our saint had three sons. The most renowned among them was Cronan, who from his earliest youth seemed devoted without reserve, to the service of his Creator. Having renounced the ])leasures of this world, and having left his parents, Cronan became initiated in the practices of a religious life, under the government of some holy directors. Our saint was joined in his religious profession, as in relationship,withSt. Mobai. Thislatter,andlikewiseSt. Mochonna,wasa cousin to St. Cronan.
Having directed his course to the province of Connaught, our saint dwelt
there,asweareinformed,andneartoaplace,calledPuayd. 33 Norwasit
long, until attracted by his fame and sanctity, many placed themselves under
his spiritual guidance. It is said, that while in this place, our saint saw a
man, who was about to be executed, according to the king's command.
Moved with compassion, Cronan entreated the monarch to grant him pardon.
This request was refused, and the man was accordingly cast into a lake,
called Feas-ruayd. ''* Here his body was supposed to lie beneath the water,
for a great part of the day ; when, at last, in the presence of the king, the
drowned man was seen approaching towards the shore. Much astonished,
theruleraskedhowhehademerged. Thenanswerwasgiven,thatwhilehe
was under the water, Cronan seemed to cherish him in his bosom, and after-
wards to conduct him safely towards the shore. On hearing this, the king
wasmovedtocompassion,andhethengavethemanhisliberty. Meanwhile,
on bended knees, the king acknowledged God's power, manifest through his
servant Cronan. 35 At another time, and while in the same place, our saint
and his disciples were walking near a large cairn, 3* or sepulchre, on the road-
""
side. Father," they said, if the occupier of this tomb could speak, he
would be able to relate many things, unknown to us. " The saint replied, it would be an easy matter for God to grant. Saying this, he went to the tomb, and blessing it, Cronan ordered the dead to arise, in the name Christ. A man of large stature immediately arose, and told them, that living the life of a heathen, he had been buried in a certain place in hell. Earnestly he en- treated, at the same time, the grace of Christian baptism. Being baptized, he gave thanks to God, and to his saint, and afterwards he slept in the Lord. 3J
" On tlie Calendar of Oengus," p. Ixxvii. "Transactions of the Royal Iiish Academy," Irish Manuscript Scrits, vol. i.
=' Munster. It is said to have been in North
"> 'I'here is a parish of this name, in the
"
Ecclesiastical Hi>tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 23, p. 9.
3< Under . such name, it has not Ix en iden- tifii'd; but,itseemsmorethanprobable,not to be distinguished from PAayd.
33. See "'Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , Ap-
rilis xxviii. , Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. , num. 2,
p. 580.
-' Some of the cairns are evidently sepul-
chrnl, and they cuniaiu urns, stone che. sts
of Lower Bunratty, and its bounds
are defined, on the '-Ordnance Survey in Connaught called Puayd. '' Ur. Langans
Barony
Townlaiid Maps for the County of Clare," sheets 42, 43, 51. .
the commentator confounds our saint's place, with that of St. Luchtighern,
who is vtncratfd on tliis same day.
3' In Theatra Geogr^^phico Nfonarchias
Britannicie, John Speed calls it Haly, a little terriioiy, included within the Ki\ers Shan-
Hi'osn. -i and Nore, and v»hicli he places within the King's County, and in the Pro- vince of Leinstei .
3' Ele territory does uot appear to have
non,
3°
Perliaps,
ever extended beyond the Shannon ; nor within it can we find a local denomination of Tuaim Findlocha.
33 " Whetherthe Prope gurgitem Puayd.
author meant by gurgitein a pool, or a gulf, I cannot determine ; nor cm 1 find any place
—
"
Conversations Lexicon," vol. 1. , p 796.
and bones. See
I'opulai >.
yclooedia ; or
April 28. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 519
At another time, St. Cronanand St. Mobay were guests with St. Kieran3'
ofClonmacnoise. 39 Afterdinner,takingaportionofhisfoodtliatremained,
Cronan distributed it, according to his custom, among the poor. Mobay left
his for use. this, tlie abbot " There shall be portion community Hearing said,
this difference between the places of both saints ; that of Cronan shall
abound with riches and charity, while that of Mobay shall be otherwise dis-
tinguished. " Again, when Cronan was alone in the same place, and praying at a certain house, some lepers came to him, but stood without, not wishing to interrupt his devotions. This being known to the saint, he prayed to God for them ; while, full of fiiith, these lepers washed themselves in water, which flowed from the roof of that house, in which Cronan resided ; for, at the time,
a great shower of rain was falling. Being cured of tlieir leprosy, they gave thanks to God, and to his saint. <° Leaving the place of his first settlement, Sl Cronan began to build many other liouses to God's honour, and to that of His Virgin Mother. Such was his disinterestedness, that not only did he leave houses he already occupied, to those who were in need of tliem, but even all things they contained, wiiile he set out in quest of a new habitation. *' He came to a certain place, within the present barony of Garrycastle, and in the King's County. It was called Lusmag,*' or Lusmagh,'»3 which means "a grassy plain. " It was situated, in the vicinity of tlie River Shannon.
Wiiile hving there, he performed many miracles. One day, being in a neigh- bouring wood, he saw a deer passing by, and, on i)eing called by the saint, it approached, took an apple from his hand, and became domesticated, until at last it was allowed to return into its native woods. ** On one occasion, Cronan asked a certain scribe, named l)im,i,*5 to write for him the text of the Gospels. Bur, the scribe wished to limit this labour to the duration of one day. Cronanthentoldhim,towritewithoutceasing,untilthesunshouldset. It is said, that for forty days and nights, the sun continued to shed its rays through the windows, and on the writer. During that whole period, Dima
felt no necessity for eating, drinking or sleeping ; while, he was so little wearied by his continuous labour, as to suppose this time not to have exceeded the limits of a natural day. This copy of the Gospels was not less beautifully than accurately written, by Dima. ** When such a miracle was known, many
" See " Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , xxviii. Aptilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. num. 3, p. 580. It will be a difficult matter to re- concile this narrative with the Catholic doc- trine, that out of hell there is no redemp- tion. We must only regard it as an absurd
popular legend, and curient among very
ignor. mt persons.
3* His feast occurs, at the 9th of Sep-
tember.
BTheRev. S. — Baring-Gould remarks,
that "lie did not reniam there long. "
"Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. , April 28, p.
361.
*° See " Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. ,
xxviii. Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. ,
num. 4, p. 580.
»' It is said, 'hat Cronan was in many
places, and that he built no less than fifty houses. These he left to Anchorets, who were seeking localiies for themselves. St. Cronan dil so for the pure love of God. See "Acta Sanctorum," tom. iii. , xxviii. Apiilis, cip. i. , num. 5, n. (i), p. 581.
** This is " a parish in the south of the
King's County, adjoining the county of Tip- perary, and bounded on the west by the River Shannon. This was part of O'Mad- den's country of SilAnamchy, and still belonjis to the diocese of Clonfeit. "—Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. vi. , p. 1991, n. (9).
" This parish is shown, on the " Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the King's
sheets 21,
County," 29. 30, 35.
•" "
See . ActaSancturum,"tom. iii. . xxviii.
Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. , num. 5, p. 581.
*5 Dima is thought to be the scribe, men- tioned ill the Act^. of . St. Cronan, who lived A. D. 634, ami who was employed to write a copy 01 the Gospels, afteiwarls preserved in the Ab'. iey ot Roscrea. -See James J. Gaskin's " Varieties of Irish History," sect. X-. PP- 336, 337-
,
*' See what has been already stated, re-
garding' St. Diman, or D nia Dubh, Bishop ol Connor, in his Life, at the 6th ofJanuary,
520 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 28.
were the praises bestowed on the Almighty, and on his saint. *' The place whereCronandweltwasinfestedwithamultitudeofdemons. Thesewould
not suffer any person to inhabit it, before the arrival of our saint.
the servant of God put them to flight, so that after his first arrival, they dared not molest him. At the request of a certain deaf man, our saint procured for him the sense of hearing, through devout prayers; and, again, when St. Cronan's monks had not the necessaries of life, on the Easter festival approach- ing, those asked their Abbot, to procure something for the occasion, through hisprayers. Thesaintpromised,thattheLordwhowasrichinmercywould provide for their wants. Shortly afterwards, the friends of Cronan appeared, and bearing with them a good store of provisions, which lasted until the time of Pentecost. At Lusmagh,'t9 he spent a considerable time. 5° Our saint asked nine soldiers who were " on the green banks of Shannon," to help him in raising his boat. This was covered by the water of the river. Yet, they refused to oblige him, with one single exception. The chastisement of heaven fell on the recusant eight, who perished on that same day, by the hands of their enemies. He who obeyed the saint's commands was saved, through the interposition of Heaven ; and, afterwards, assuming the habit of a monk, he devoted himself to a religious life. s'
CHAPTER II.
ST. CRONAN LEAVES CONNAUGHT AND RETURNS TO HIS OWN TERRITORY OF EILR—HE SETTLES AT LOUGH CRE—MONAHINCHA—RAID OF THE OSSORIANS—ENQUIRY AS TO WHETHER ST. CRONAN HAD BEEN A BISHOP, OR WHETHER HE WAS ONLY A PRIEST,
After the foregoing occurrences, some religious men, requiring a place of habitation,cametoSt. Cronan. Heimmediatelyrelinquishedhisowndwel- ling, in their favour ; and then, he ordered his disciples, not to take anything with them, when removing. However, it was known to the saint, one of them had disobeyed that order ; when he was obliged to return, with a sack he had taken, from that place they had left. Tliis disciple was obliged to do pen- ance, for the remainder of his days. Then, St. Cronan directed his course, to his native land of Hely, where he rested near a bog called Lurgan," oppo- site to or near the territory of Ossory, and on the western boundary of Leinster. However, he built a monastery, near Lough Cre. " Here, we are told, there was a lake. 3 Another Life of St. Cronan remarks, that in it there was a small island, in which several most religious monks lived, in after ages. '* Tiiat island isnowapproachable,overamorass; and,nodoubt,atnoveryremoteperiod, water surrounded it on every side. The Lough ormarsh,' to which allusion is
chap. i.
<' See "Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , xxviii.
iii. , of this work, chap. ii. There, the place is identified with Leigh, near Thiirles.
" In his it is " monas- Life, said, magnum
terium aedificavit ; et ibicrevit clara civitas, qua;vocaturA\wj--ow," SeeDr. Lanigan's '-Kcclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect. ii. , n. 28, p. 10.
Vita S. Cronani, Aprilis. cap.
p. 5^'- **Seeiitd.
ii. , num.
6,
<» See " The Parliamentary Gazetteer for Ireland," vol. ii. , pp. 711, 712.
5° See Rev. Dr.
cal History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, . wii. , sect, ii. , p. 7.
Lanigan's
prope
" Ecclesiasti-
^ 'ihe BoUandist Life has " it,
5' See "Acta Sanctorum,"tom. iii. , xxviii.
Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. ii,, n. 8, Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p.
p. 581. — Chapter ii.
' The reader is
^ Callem
referred, to what has been already stated, regarding the Stagnum Lurgan, in the Life of St.
Mochcemhog, at the 13th of March, in vol.
itaque prope St. ignum Cree (in rum) iedificavit ; quae Cella Sean-ross no-
stagnura Cre cellam oedificavit. "
4 This is stated, in the Life of our Saint,
as quoted by Ussher, in " Britannicarum 502. "
quo est insula niodica, in qua est monas-
terium monachorum semper religiosissimo-
However,
April 28. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 521
made, is thought to be the present bog of Monela f and, it extends, as already described, on the borders of the Ossorian territory. Some small lakes are still to be found over its present surface. We have been informed, by the people residing near this place, that decayed remnants of old boats have been found buried, in various parts of that bog ; while those indications prove, that for- merly a great lough covered a very considerable tract of country, the con- figuration of which shows, that the River Nore at one time expanded here into a large lake. Formerly, there were two remarkable islands on it ; the larger one containing an ancient church,' and the smaller one having a chapel. * About these very curious traditions were formerly current. ' That place, selected for Cronan's habitation, was not different from Monahincha,'° as it appearstons. Populartraditionevenasserts,thattheholymanlivedthere. The smaller island, at that place, was known as Insula Viventium, in the time of Gira- dus Carabrensis ;" because it was so salubrious, or rather owing to the merits of the patron saint, it had been supposed, that no person could die in it, let hismaladybeeversogreat. Thatisland,onwhichthemonasterywasbuilt, contained about two acres of dry ground. We are informed, that in early times, the Cselibes, or Culdees, devoutly lived there ; and, at a much later period, a prior and community of Canons Regulars succeeded them," but these moved their habitation to Corballj',"' not far distant, and where are yet to be seen some very interesting ruins, and which have a history, dating back to
a period somewhat remote.
minatur. " See the old Life of our Saint, as
quoted by Ussher, ibid.
"See Archdall's " Monasticon Hiberni-
cum," p.
3 See an account of him, at the 30th of
:
classed,
i
Rev. Dr.
King's County. "— Lanigan's
April 28. ] Z/yJSS OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 517
for publication, at this date. ^ The Bollandists ^ have presented a Vita S. Cronani, in their great collection. ^ This Life, in the opinion of Father Pape-
broke,9 was written by a monk or cleric, belonging to Roscrea, and some four or five centuries after our saint's death, for the use and edification of the brethren connected with that monastery. The author of this composition is unknown, but he appears to have indulged in exaggerated statements, or somewhat doubtful traditionary accounts, concerning the subject of his bio- graphy. '" A previous commentary is added ; and, the Acts of St. Cronan are divided into three chapters, comprising eighteen distinct paragraphs, with notes. A more perfect copy was procured, by Father Thomas Sirinus, as the Salamancan Manuscript, used by the Bollandists, was mutilated. " The Protestant Archbishop Ussher of Armagh quotes a Life of St. Cronan, and he gives some extracts from it ;" while this seems to have been in no manner different from the Acts, to which allusion has been made, and which are still preserved in Marsh's Library. Bishop Challoner '3 has inserted a few short notices regarding this saint, and these are chiefly extracted from Ussher. At the 28th of April, we find biographical particulars of St. Cronan, Abbot of Roscrea, in Rev. Alban Butler's, '< Rev. Dr. Lanigan's. 's and Rev. S. Baring- Gould's'*works. Amerenoticeofhimoccurs,in"LesPetitsBollaudistes Vies des Saints. '"?
His father, who was called Hodran,'' belonged to the district of Hely
0'Carroll,'9 which was in the eastern part of Munster, and on the western
boundary of Leinster, adjoining the territory of Ossory. *° His mother," named Coemri, was from the Corcobaschin district, in the western part of the present County Clare. " We are told,^3 that the mother of our saint, the mother of St. Mobai,'* and the mother of St. Mochonna,*' were three sisters. '*
'"
See Catalogus Actuum Sanctorum
quae MS. habentur, ordine Mensium et Dierum. "
' See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. , Ap- ribs xxviii. De Sancto Cronano, Abbate
p. 8.
' He is the editor of this Tract.
'" The two last sections of the Third
Chapter were supplied, by Fatlier Thomas Sheeran, of the Irish Franciscan house, at I. ouvain.
". See "Acta Sanctorum," tom. iii. ,
indeed, this is a correction made by Arch- bishop Ussher.
'» " That district, or at least a part of it,
is, as often observed, now comprised in the
Koscreensi in to Hibernia, pp. 579
"
Ecclesiastical of
History Ireland,"
vol. iii. ,
583.
' The Rev. Dr. Lanigan calls it " a re- spectable and very circumstantial docu- ment. "—"Ecclesiastical History of . Ire- land," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 20,
chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 21, p. 9.
"" Thus it is located, in the Life of St.
Mochoemoc or Pulcherius, published by
Colgan, at the 13th day of March,
" North of the River Shannon.
" According to the account left us in the
Salamancan Manuscript, published by the Bollandists.
"\\'e read in the Vita S. Cronani: " Mater S. Cronani et S. Mobai mater, et mater S. —Mochoniiae tres germanae sorores
»s He might have been an Abbot, bearing that name, and who seems to have governed a monastery, somewhere in Leinster. He was living in St. Kevin's time. See Colgan's "Acta Sanctorum Hibernia," viii. Martii, De S. Mochonna, Abbate, p. 505. However, the Rev. Dr. Laniyan remarks, "as there were other St. Mochonnas about th—at period this
xxviii. Aprilis, num. 10, p. 580. ""
fuerunt. " Cap. i. ,
See Antiquitates liritannicarum F. c- clesiarum," cap. xvii. , p. 502.
sect. i.
•< His identity has not been discovered.
'^ See "Britannia Sancta," part i. , p. a68.
'* Sec " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs
and other principal Saints," vol. , iv. , April xxviii.
'5 See "Ecclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , «ect. ii. , pp. 6 to 10.
'See "Lives of the Samts," vol. iv. ,
April 28, pp. 361, 362.
''See tome v. , xxviii' Jour d'Avril,
p. 57.
" More probably Odran, a name which
was known in that part of the country ; and,
"Ecclesias- tical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap.
pointmust remain undecided. "
xvii. , sect, ii, n. 22, p. 9.
»* See "Acta Sanctorum," tomus iii. ,
Apiilis xxviii. , p. 580.
'' See the edition of Dr. Whitley Stokes,
5i8 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 28.
With regard to lier celebrated son, if we are to credit the conjecture of a Scholiast on tlie Festilogy of St. ^ngus. '? he was born at Tuaim Findlocha,'*
whicii place may be rendered Tomfinlough/"s However, other accounts seem to be irreconcilable with such a statement \'° for, they have it, that St. CionanwasanativeofF;ie,3'intheprovinceofMunster. 3= Atfirst,aswe are informed, he was called Mochua. The parents of our saint had three sons. The most renowned among them was Cronan, who from his earliest youth seemed devoted without reserve, to the service of his Creator. Having renounced the ])leasures of this world, and having left his parents, Cronan became initiated in the practices of a religious life, under the government of some holy directors. Our saint was joined in his religious profession, as in relationship,withSt. Mobai. Thislatter,andlikewiseSt. Mochonna,wasa cousin to St. Cronan.
Having directed his course to the province of Connaught, our saint dwelt
there,asweareinformed,andneartoaplace,calledPuayd. 33 Norwasit
long, until attracted by his fame and sanctity, many placed themselves under
his spiritual guidance. It is said, that while in this place, our saint saw a
man, who was about to be executed, according to the king's command.
Moved with compassion, Cronan entreated the monarch to grant him pardon.
This request was refused, and the man was accordingly cast into a lake,
called Feas-ruayd. ''* Here his body was supposed to lie beneath the water,
for a great part of the day ; when, at last, in the presence of the king, the
drowned man was seen approaching towards the shore. Much astonished,
theruleraskedhowhehademerged. Thenanswerwasgiven,thatwhilehe
was under the water, Cronan seemed to cherish him in his bosom, and after-
wards to conduct him safely towards the shore. On hearing this, the king
wasmovedtocompassion,andhethengavethemanhisliberty. Meanwhile,
on bended knees, the king acknowledged God's power, manifest through his
servant Cronan. 35 At another time, and while in the same place, our saint
and his disciples were walking near a large cairn, 3* or sepulchre, on the road-
""
side. Father," they said, if the occupier of this tomb could speak, he
would be able to relate many things, unknown to us. " The saint replied, it would be an easy matter for God to grant. Saying this, he went to the tomb, and blessing it, Cronan ordered the dead to arise, in the name Christ. A man of large stature immediately arose, and told them, that living the life of a heathen, he had been buried in a certain place in hell. Earnestly he en- treated, at the same time, the grace of Christian baptism. Being baptized, he gave thanks to God, and to his saint, and afterwards he slept in the Lord. 3J
" On tlie Calendar of Oengus," p. Ixxvii. "Transactions of the Royal Iiish Academy," Irish Manuscript Scrits, vol. i.
=' Munster. It is said to have been in North
"> 'I'here is a parish of this name, in the
"
Ecclesiastical Hi>tory of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect, ii. , n. 23, p. 9.
3< Under . such name, it has not Ix en iden- tifii'd; but,itseemsmorethanprobable,not to be distinguished from PAayd.
33. See "'Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , Ap-
rilis xxviii. , Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. , num. 2,
p. 580.
-' Some of the cairns are evidently sepul-
chrnl, and they cuniaiu urns, stone che. sts
of Lower Bunratty, and its bounds
are defined, on the '-Ordnance Survey in Connaught called Puayd. '' Ur. Langans
Barony
Townlaiid Maps for the County of Clare," sheets 42, 43, 51. .
the commentator confounds our saint's place, with that of St. Luchtighern,
who is vtncratfd on tliis same day.
3' In Theatra Geogr^^phico Nfonarchias
Britannicie, John Speed calls it Haly, a little terriioiy, included within the Ki\ers Shan-
Hi'osn. -i and Nore, and v»hicli he places within the King's County, and in the Pro- vince of Leinstei .
3' Ele territory does uot appear to have
non,
3°
Perliaps,
ever extended beyond the Shannon ; nor within it can we find a local denomination of Tuaim Findlocha.
33 " Whetherthe Prope gurgitem Puayd.
author meant by gurgitein a pool, or a gulf, I cannot determine ; nor cm 1 find any place
—
"
Conversations Lexicon," vol. 1. , p 796.
and bones. See
I'opulai >.
yclooedia ; or
April 28. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 519
At another time, St. Cronanand St. Mobay were guests with St. Kieran3'
ofClonmacnoise. 39 Afterdinner,takingaportionofhisfoodtliatremained,
Cronan distributed it, according to his custom, among the poor. Mobay left
his for use. this, tlie abbot " There shall be portion community Hearing said,
this difference between the places of both saints ; that of Cronan shall
abound with riches and charity, while that of Mobay shall be otherwise dis-
tinguished. " Again, when Cronan was alone in the same place, and praying at a certain house, some lepers came to him, but stood without, not wishing to interrupt his devotions. This being known to the saint, he prayed to God for them ; while, full of fiiith, these lepers washed themselves in water, which flowed from the roof of that house, in which Cronan resided ; for, at the time,
a great shower of rain was falling. Being cured of tlieir leprosy, they gave thanks to God, and to his saint. <° Leaving the place of his first settlement, Sl Cronan began to build many other liouses to God's honour, and to that of His Virgin Mother. Such was his disinterestedness, that not only did he leave houses he already occupied, to those who were in need of tliem, but even all things they contained, wiiile he set out in quest of a new habitation. *' He came to a certain place, within the present barony of Garrycastle, and in the King's County. It was called Lusmag,*' or Lusmagh,'»3 which means "a grassy plain. " It was situated, in the vicinity of tlie River Shannon.
Wiiile hving there, he performed many miracles. One day, being in a neigh- bouring wood, he saw a deer passing by, and, on i)eing called by the saint, it approached, took an apple from his hand, and became domesticated, until at last it was allowed to return into its native woods. ** On one occasion, Cronan asked a certain scribe, named l)im,i,*5 to write for him the text of the Gospels. Bur, the scribe wished to limit this labour to the duration of one day. Cronanthentoldhim,towritewithoutceasing,untilthesunshouldset. It is said, that for forty days and nights, the sun continued to shed its rays through the windows, and on the writer. During that whole period, Dima
felt no necessity for eating, drinking or sleeping ; while, he was so little wearied by his continuous labour, as to suppose this time not to have exceeded the limits of a natural day. This copy of the Gospels was not less beautifully than accurately written, by Dima. ** When such a miracle was known, many
" See " Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , xxviii. Aptilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. num. 3, p. 580. It will be a difficult matter to re- concile this narrative with the Catholic doc- trine, that out of hell there is no redemp- tion. We must only regard it as an absurd
popular legend, and curient among very
ignor. mt persons.
3* His feast occurs, at the 9th of Sep-
tember.
BTheRev. S. — Baring-Gould remarks,
that "lie did not reniam there long. "
"Lives of the Saints," vol. iv. , April 28, p.
361.
*° See " Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. ,
xxviii. Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. ,
num. 4, p. 580.
»' It is said, 'hat Cronan was in many
places, and that he built no less than fifty houses. These he left to Anchorets, who were seeking localiies for themselves. St. Cronan dil so for the pure love of God. See "Acta Sanctorum," tom. iii. , xxviii. Apiilis, cip. i. , num. 5, n. (i), p. 581.
** This is " a parish in the south of the
King's County, adjoining the county of Tip- perary, and bounded on the west by the River Shannon. This was part of O'Mad- den's country of SilAnamchy, and still belonjis to the diocese of Clonfeit. "—Dr. O'Donovan's "Annals of the Four Masters," vol. vi. , p. 1991, n. (9).
" This parish is shown, on the " Ordnance
Survey Townland Maps for the King's
sheets 21,
County," 29. 30, 35.
•" "
See . ActaSancturum,"tom. iii. . xxviii.
Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. i. , num. 5, p. 581.
*5 Dima is thought to be the scribe, men- tioned ill the Act^. of . St. Cronan, who lived A. D. 634, ami who was employed to write a copy 01 the Gospels, afteiwarls preserved in the Ab'. iey ot Roscrea. -See James J. Gaskin's " Varieties of Irish History," sect. X-. PP- 336, 337-
,
*' See what has been already stated, re-
garding' St. Diman, or D nia Dubh, Bishop ol Connor, in his Life, at the 6th ofJanuary,
520 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [April 28.
were the praises bestowed on the Almighty, and on his saint. *' The place whereCronandweltwasinfestedwithamultitudeofdemons. Thesewould
not suffer any person to inhabit it, before the arrival of our saint.
the servant of God put them to flight, so that after his first arrival, they dared not molest him. At the request of a certain deaf man, our saint procured for him the sense of hearing, through devout prayers; and, again, when St. Cronan's monks had not the necessaries of life, on the Easter festival approach- ing, those asked their Abbot, to procure something for the occasion, through hisprayers. Thesaintpromised,thattheLordwhowasrichinmercywould provide for their wants. Shortly afterwards, the friends of Cronan appeared, and bearing with them a good store of provisions, which lasted until the time of Pentecost. At Lusmagh,'t9 he spent a considerable time. 5° Our saint asked nine soldiers who were " on the green banks of Shannon," to help him in raising his boat. This was covered by the water of the river. Yet, they refused to oblige him, with one single exception. The chastisement of heaven fell on the recusant eight, who perished on that same day, by the hands of their enemies. He who obeyed the saint's commands was saved, through the interposition of Heaven ; and, afterwards, assuming the habit of a monk, he devoted himself to a religious life. s'
CHAPTER II.
ST. CRONAN LEAVES CONNAUGHT AND RETURNS TO HIS OWN TERRITORY OF EILR—HE SETTLES AT LOUGH CRE—MONAHINCHA—RAID OF THE OSSORIANS—ENQUIRY AS TO WHETHER ST. CRONAN HAD BEEN A BISHOP, OR WHETHER HE WAS ONLY A PRIEST,
After the foregoing occurrences, some religious men, requiring a place of habitation,cametoSt. Cronan. Heimmediatelyrelinquishedhisowndwel- ling, in their favour ; and then, he ordered his disciples, not to take anything with them, when removing. However, it was known to the saint, one of them had disobeyed that order ; when he was obliged to return, with a sack he had taken, from that place they had left. Tliis disciple was obliged to do pen- ance, for the remainder of his days. Then, St. Cronan directed his course, to his native land of Hely, where he rested near a bog called Lurgan," oppo- site to or near the territory of Ossory, and on the western boundary of Leinster. However, he built a monastery, near Lough Cre. " Here, we are told, there was a lake. 3 Another Life of St. Cronan remarks, that in it there was a small island, in which several most religious monks lived, in after ages. '* Tiiat island isnowapproachable,overamorass; and,nodoubt,atnoveryremoteperiod, water surrounded it on every side. The Lough ormarsh,' to which allusion is
chap. i.
<' See "Acta Sanctorum," torn, iii. , xxviii.
iii. , of this work, chap. ii. There, the place is identified with Leigh, near Thiirles.
" In his it is " monas- Life, said, magnum
terium aedificavit ; et ibicrevit clara civitas, qua;vocaturA\wj--ow," SeeDr. Lanigan's '-Kcclesiastical History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, xvii. , sect. ii. , n. 28, p. 10.
Vita S. Cronani, Aprilis. cap.
p. 5^'- **Seeiitd.
ii. , num.
6,
<» See " The Parliamentary Gazetteer for Ireland," vol. ii. , pp. 711, 712.
5° See Rev. Dr.
cal History of Ireland," vol. iii. , chap, . wii. , sect, ii. , p. 7.
Lanigan's
prope
" Ecclesiasti-
^ 'ihe BoUandist Life has " it,
5' See "Acta Sanctorum,"tom. iii. , xxviii.
Aprilis. Vita S. Cronani, cap. ii,, n. 8, Ecclesiarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p.
p. 581. — Chapter ii.
' The reader is
^ Callem
referred, to what has been already stated, regarding the Stagnum Lurgan, in the Life of St.
Mochcemhog, at the 13th of March, in vol.
itaque prope St. ignum Cree (in rum) iedificavit ; quae Cella Sean-ross no-
stagnura Cre cellam oedificavit. "
4 This is stated, in the Life of our Saint,
as quoted by Ussher, in " Britannicarum 502. "
quo est insula niodica, in qua est monas-
terium monachorum semper religiosissimo-
However,
April 28. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 521
made, is thought to be the present bog of Monela f and, it extends, as already described, on the borders of the Ossorian territory. Some small lakes are still to be found over its present surface. We have been informed, by the people residing near this place, that decayed remnants of old boats have been found buried, in various parts of that bog ; while those indications prove, that for- merly a great lough covered a very considerable tract of country, the con- figuration of which shows, that the River Nore at one time expanded here into a large lake. Formerly, there were two remarkable islands on it ; the larger one containing an ancient church,' and the smaller one having a chapel. * About these very curious traditions were formerly current. ' That place, selected for Cronan's habitation, was not different from Monahincha,'° as it appearstons. Populartraditionevenasserts,thattheholymanlivedthere. The smaller island, at that place, was known as Insula Viventium, in the time of Gira- dus Carabrensis ;" because it was so salubrious, or rather owing to the merits of the patron saint, it had been supposed, that no person could die in it, let hismaladybeeversogreat. Thatisland,onwhichthemonasterywasbuilt, contained about two acres of dry ground. We are informed, that in early times, the Cselibes, or Culdees, devoutly lived there ; and, at a much later period, a prior and community of Canons Regulars succeeded them," but these moved their habitation to Corballj',"' not far distant, and where are yet to be seen some very interesting ruins, and which have a history, dating back to
a period somewhat remote.
minatur. " See the old Life of our Saint, as
quoted by Ussher, ibid.
"See Archdall's " Monasticon Hiberni-
cum," p.
