No More Learning

Demosthenes / by William Jackson Brodribb.
Brodribb, William Jackson, 1829-1905. Philadelphia : J. B. Lippincott, 1880.
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? CORNELL
UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY
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? Cornell University Library
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? DEMOSTHENES
BY THE
REV. W. J. IQRODRIBB, M. A.
UTE FELLOW OF ST JOHN'S COI-I-BGl|
CAMBRIDGE
PHILADELPHIA:
J. B. LIPPINCOTT & CO.
18? 0. .
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? 3605
I880
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? NOTE.
FOR the extracts from the speeches of Demosthenes
given in this volume I am to a considerable extent
indebted to the scholarly version of the late Mr C. R.
Kennedy. For the famous speech on the Crown, I
have made occasional use of a translation recently
published by an eminent English lawyer, the Right
Hon_ Sir Robert Collier. The same speech was, some
years ago, translated by Mr William Brandt, a scholar
of Oriel College, Oxford, whose premature death cut
short a. life of great promise. His rendering of the
Greek orator is spirited and vigorous, and I wish to
express my obligations to it.
W. J. B.
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? CONTENTS
. PAC!
INTRODUCTION, . . . . . . . . 1
CHAP. I. GREECE IN THE FOURTH CENTURY 13. 0. , . 4
u II. MACEDON AND PHILIP, . . . . 13
II III. EARLY LIFE or DEMOSTHENES, . . . 22
00 IV. DEMosTIIENEs ENTERs POLITICAL LIFE, . 32
N v. EARLY SPEECHES or DEMOSTHENES DN FOR-
EIGN POLICY, . . . . . . 44
II VI. FIRST sPEEoII OF DEMosTIIENEs AGAINST
PHILIP--SPEECH FOR THE FREEDOM or
THE PEOPLE or RIIoDEs, . . . . 67
" VII. PHILIP AND 0LYNTHUS----SPEEOHES or DEMos~
THENES 0N BEHALF or THE OLYNTHIANS, 72
u VIII. DEMOSTHENES AND MEIDIAS, . . . 84
II III. PHILIP MASTER or THERMOPYLJE AND OF
PIIooIs--PEAcE BETwEEN HIM AND ATHENS
-ooUNsEL OF DEMOSTIIENES, . . . 92
n x. DEMOSTHENES ooNTINUEs ms sPEEoIIEs
AGAINST PHILIP, . . . . . 102
" xr. CH1E1l. ONEIA--FALL or oREEoE, . . . 122
xu. CONTEST BETwEEN DEMOSTBENES AND
BSCHINE'3, . . . . . . 135
n xm. LAST DAYS or DEMOSTHENES, . . . 147
n XIV. DEMOSTHENES AT THE BAR, ' . .
FOR the extracts from the speeches of Demosthenes
given in this volume I am to a considerable extent
indebted to the scholarly version of the late Mr C. R.
Kennedy. For the famous speech on the Crown, I
have made occasional use of a translation recently
published by an eminent English lawyer, the Right
Hon_ Sir Robert Collier. The same speech was, some
years ago, translated by Mr William Brandt, a scholar
of Oriel College, Oxford, whose premature death cut
short a. life of great promise. His rendering of the
Greek orator is spirited and vigorous, and I wish to
express my obligations to it.
W. J. B.
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? CONTENTS
. PAC!
INTRODUCTION, . . . . . . . . 1
CHAP. I. GREECE IN THE FOURTH CENTURY 13. 0. , . 4
u II. MACEDON AND PHILIP, . . . . 13
II III. EARLY LIFE or DEMOSTHENES, . . . 22
00 IV. DEMosTIIENEs ENTERs POLITICAL LIFE, . 32
N v. EARLY SPEECHES or DEMOSTHENES DN FOR-
EIGN POLICY, . . . . . . 44
II VI. FIRST sPEEoII OF DEMosTIIENEs AGAINST
PHILIP--SPEECH FOR THE FREEDOM or
THE PEOPLE or RIIoDEs, . . . . 67
" VII. PHILIP AND 0LYNTHUS----SPEEOHES or DEMos~
THENES 0N BEHALF or THE OLYNTHIANS, 72
u VIII. DEMOSTHENES AND MEIDIAS, . . . 84
II III. PHILIP MASTER or THERMOPYLJE AND OF
PIIooIs--PEAcE BETwEEN HIM AND ATHENS
-ooUNsEL OF DEMOSTIIENES, . . . 92
n x. DEMOSTHENES ooNTINUEs ms sPEEoIIEs
AGAINST PHILIP, . . . . . 102
" xr. CH1E1l. ONEIA--FALL or oREEoE, . . . 122
xu. CONTEST BETwEEN DEMOSTBENES AND
BSCHINE'3, . . . . . . 135
n xm. LAST DAYS or DEMOSTHENES, . . . 147
n XIV. DEMOSTHENES AT THE BAR, ' . . . 153
coNoLUsIoN, . . . . . . 172
MAP: GREECE AND ITS ADJACENT IsLANDs.
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? DEMOSTHENES
INTRODUCTION.
THE familiar names of Demosthenes _and Cicero will
always be linked together. They are specially repre-
sentative names. The eloquence Of the ancient world
seems to be summed up in them. There is a further
reason why we should think of them together. Both
attached themselves to a falling cause; both had to go
into exile ; both had the satisfaction of being welcomed
back from exile; both, finally, when all was lost, were
willing to die rather than survive their country's dis-
grace. There is, indeed, a striking resemblance between
the lives and fortunes of the two men, and none of
P1utarch's parallels is more appropriate than that in
which he has compared them.
The best and noblest eloquence must be the product
of earnest political conviction. Cicero clung to the
traditions of the old republic, and regarded the concen-
tration of power in one man as equivalent to his
country's degradation and fall. The Greek statesman
A. o. s. s. vol. iv. A
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? 2 DEAIOSTIIENES.
could not imagine a worse calamity than that Greece
should cease to exist as an aggregate of free, self-goverm
ing communities, and become a dependency on a foreign
kingdom or empire. We cannot but sympathise with
such a sentiment. It was a noble one, though at the
time it may have been becoming more and more in-
capable of realisation, as indeed was the sincere belief
of some perfectly honest men who were politically
opposed to Demosthenes. The highest aspects of Greek
life, and its best influences on _the civilisation of
the world, were intimately connected with Greece as
existing according to his conception of what she ought
to be. His eloquence is at its highest when he dwells
on her fixed resolution in past days to resist to the
death anything like foreign dictation or interference.
Greece, in his view, was nothing if she once brought
herself to endure it.
On the whole, perhaps the Greek was rather a
greater figure than the Roman orator. He was at least
more single-minded and courageous. His political
career was more dignified and consistent, and there were
fewer weak moments in his life. Cicero, it is true,
was' a singularly amiable and a most accomplished
man; but he was unquestionably vain and self-com-
placent. Demosthenes gives us the idea that Athens
and Greece were always foremost in his thoughts. As
an orator and statesman he may claim to rank above
Cicero. As an orator, he was the master of a more
fervid and impressive eloquence; as a statesman, he
had more simplicity of purpose and greater moral
courage.
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? INTROD UGTION. 3
The period of Demosthenes is the fourth century 13. 0.
A brief sketch of it seems almost due to our readers.
The speeches of Demosthenes cannot be understood
without some acquaintance with Greek politics. Macc-
don, too, and its rise to importance under king Philip,
deserves at least a short notice. The history of the
time is somewhat intricate, and could not be thoroughly
elucidated in a very moderate compass. An endeavour
has been made in the two following chapters to pre-
sent the reader with a view of its general character.
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? CHAPTER I.
GREECE IN THE FOURTH CENTURY B. C.
ATHENS in the fifth century 13. 0. was at the head of
the Greek world. Her empire, like our own, was a
"government of dependencies. " In its nature it was
somewhat precarious. Although it was not specially
oppressive, it was in many quarters an object of ex-
treme jealousy. When Athens attempted the conquest
of Sicily, it was felt that this was but a step towards
ulterior and more dangerous designs. It was a most
hazardous attempt, under existing circumstances. On
the sea, indeed, Athens was all-powerful ; but she had
formidable enemies on land very near her--Thebes to
the north, Sparta to the south. After her great reverse
in Sicily, she was hardly a match for Sparta at the
head of the Peloponnese. She still struggled on, and
even won some victories, till the long contest, known as
the Peloponnesian War, came to an end in 405 13. 0.
with the decisive battle of fEgos-potami. There, in
the waters of the Hellespont, almost her entire fleet
was captured by the Spartan admiral, Lysander.
Sparta now succeeded to the headship of Greece.