A Scotch
miscellaneous
writer; born in
London, 1845.
London, 1845.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
Among her
successful romances are: (The Neurotic); Pas-
sion's Slave); “Woman's Justice); (The Hatred
of Love.
Lokmân (lok-män'). An Arabian sage an-
terior to Mohammed. In legendary story he
figures now as King of Yemen, then as a prophet,
again as an Abyssinian slave. Under his name
we have, besides certain sayings contained in
the Koran or current in the common speech, a
small collection of Fables, which in no wise
merit the praises bestowed upon them. They
are an awkward adaptation of Æsop's fables,
and are not of earlier date than the sixteenth
or the fifteenth century.
Lolli, Giambattista (lol'lē). A celebrated
Italian chess-player. He was a native of Mo-
dena. His classical work (The Game of Chess)
appeared in 1763.
Loman, Abraham Dirk (lo'män). A Dutch
theologian; born at The Hague, Dec. 16, 1813.
He became professor of theology in the Uni-
versity of Amsterdam in 1877. He is one of
the foremost of the Dutch Radical critics of the
Scriptures. He wrote : (The Testimony of the
Muratorian Canon (1865); “Protestantism and
the Authority of the Church) (1868); (The
Gospel of John (1873); (Symbol and Fact in
the Gospel History) (1884).
Lombardi, Eliodoro (lom-bär'dē). An Ital-
ian poet and man of letters; born at Marsala,
18– His (Songs) (1884), and Evolutionary
Process in Literature) (1888), are well known.
Lombroso, Cesare (lom-bro'ső). An Italian
scientist ; born in Venice, November 1836. He
has attained world-wide celebrity as an investi-
gator of pathology, psychiatry, nervous diseases,
and allied departments of science. His principal
works are: (Researches on Cretinism in Lom-
bardy) (1859); (Genius and Insanity) (1864);
(Clinical Studies on Mental Diseases) (1865);
(Microcephaly and Cretinism) (1873); Love
in Suicide and in Crime) (1881); “The Crimi-
nal as related to Anthropology, Jurisprudence,
and Prison Discipline) (4th ed. 1889); (The
Man of Genius as Related to Psychiatry) (1889);
(Female Criminals) (1893); (Anti-Semitism and
the Modern Sciences) (1894); "The Anarchists)
(1894).
Loménie, Louis Léonard de (lo-mă-nē'). A
French man of letters; born at St. Yrieix, Haute
Vienne, 1815; died 1878. He had an intimate
acquaintance with contemporary European lit.
erature. His writings were "Gallery of Con-
temporaries) (1840-47); “Beaumarchais and his
Time' (1855); and many more.
Lomonossov, Michail Vasilyevich (lo-mo-
nos'ov). A Russian poet and man of science;
born at Dennisowka, Archangel, 1711 or 1712;
died at St. Petersburg, April 15, 1765. He is
« father of Russian grammar and literature. ”
He was made instructor in chemistry and phys-
ics in the Academy in 1742, and professor of
chemistry in 1745. He was the first to write
polished lyric verse in Russian: his models
were the classic poets of France. Among his
odes is the celebrated one "On the Taking of
Chotin. He wrote also songs, didactic poems,
and poetical epistles. He failed in tragedy.
His principal scientific works are: Atmospheric
Phenomena Produced by Electricity); Ele-
ments of Metallurgy); (Causes of Heat and
Cold"; etc. Of very great importance are his
philological writings; among them are 'On the
Utility of Church Slavic for Study of the Rus-
sian Language); (Russian Grammar, the pub-
lication of which marked an epoch.
Long, Charles Chaillé. An American sol-
dier and author; born at Princess Anne, Som-
erset County, Md. , 1842. He enlisted in the
Union army in the Civil War, and attained the
rank of captain. In 1869 he was appointed
lieutenant-colonel in the Egyptian army; in
1874 he was made chief of staff to General Gor-
don, and employed on a diplomatic and geo-
graphical mission to the interior of Africa. In
1877 he returned to the United States, studied
at the Columbia Law School, and was admitted
to the bar. He was appointed consul-general in
Corea in 1887. His works are: (Central Africa)
(1876); “The Three Prophets - Chinese Gordon,
the Mahdi, and Arabi Pasha) (1884).
Long, George. An English classical scholar;
born at Poulton, Lancashire, 1800; died 1879.
He was distinguished for his knowledge of Latin
and Greek literature. He published an admir-
able translation of "Thoughts of the Emperor
M. Aurelius Antoninus) (1862-79) and Dis-
courses of Epictetus) (1877).
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. An emi-
nent American poet; born at Portland, Me. ,
Feb. 27, 1807 ; died at Cambridge, Mass. , March
24, 1882. He was a graduate of Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1825. His early years were occupied
in travel, and in studies in Spanish, French,
and Italian literatures, and translations from
each of them. Outre Mer, a Pilgrimage Be-
yond the Sea) was published in serial form
in 1833-34 anonymously, but under his own
name in 1835; Hyperion) followed (1839);
(Voices of the Night) (1839); (Ballads and
Other Poems) (1842); Poems on Slavery)
(1842); «The Spanish Student) (1843). His
important collection Poets and Poetry of Eu-
rope,' still a favorite anthology, was published
in 1845. Then came (The Belfry of Bruges
and Other Poems) (1846); (Evangeline, a
## p. 349 (#365) ############################################
LONGFELLOW - LOPES
349
Tale of Acadie) (1847); Kavanagh, a Tale)
(1849); “The Seaside and the Fireside (1850);
A Volume of Poems) (1850); “The Golden
Legend) (1851); (Song of Hiawatha) (1855);
(Prose Works, a series of essays, collected
(1857); Poems, complete edition (1857);'Court-
ship of Miles Standish) (1858); (Tales of a
Wayside Inn) (1863); Household Poems)
(1865). He translated and published Dante's
(Divine Comedy) in 1867 ; (A New England
Tragedy) came next (1868); “The Building of
a Ship) (1870); (Excelsior) (1872); Christus :
a Mystery, in a volume comprising several of
the foregoing (1872); (Aftermath) (1873); (The
Hanging of the Crane) (1875); (The Masque of
Pandora and Other Poems) (1875). He edited
his (Poems of Places) in 31 vols. (1876-79);
(Poems of the Old South Church) (1877);
(The Skeleton in Armor) (1878); Kéramos
and Other Poems) (1879). (From my Arm-
Chair) was printed in 1879; the volume (Ul.
tima Thule) in 1880; Michael Angelo) in
1884: Complete Poetical and Prose Works with
Later Poems, with a biographical sketch by
Octavius B. Frothingham, in 1880-83. *
Longfellow, Samuel. An American clergy-
man, poet, and author, brother of Henry W. ;
born in Portland, Me. , June 18, 1819; died there,
Oct. 3, 1892. He graduated from Harvard in
1839, and from the Divinity School in 1846. He
held pastorates in Unitarian churches in Fall
River, Mass. , Brooklyn, N. Y. , and German-
town, Pa. Later he settled in Cambridge, Mass.
As a hymn-writer he had few equals. Among
his works are : (Hymns of the Spirit) (with
the Rev. Samuel Johnson), published in 1848;
Life of H. W. Longfellow) (1886); (A Few
Verses of Many Years) (1887).
Longinus, Cassius (lon-ji'nus). A celebrated
Greek philosopher and rhetorician; lived about
210-273 A. D. ; born at Athens. He taught at
Athens till called to Palmyra by Queen Zeno-
bia to be her counselor; he confirmed the
Queen in her resolve to resist Roman domina-
tion, and on that account was beheaded by
order of the Emperor Aurelian.
He was a
man of vast learning : his biographer calls him
a living library," a "walking museum. Of his
voluminous writings, all that have come down
to us are the prolegomena to Hephæstion's
(Metrics,' and a fragment of a treatise on rhet-
oric. The valuable little essay on (The Sub-
lime, commonly attributed to him, is the work
of some unknown writer of the first century of
born in Augusta, Ga. , Sept. 22, 1790; died at
Oxford, Miss. , Sept. 9, 1870. He graduated at
Yale in 1813, studied law at Litchfield, Conn. ,
and was admitted to the bar in Richmond County,
Ga. , in 1815. In 1822 he removed to Augusta,
Ga. , and founded the Sentinel. In 1838 he
entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry, and
later was president of several Southern uni.
versities, chief among them being the Univer:
sity of Mississippi. His works include: 'Georgia
Scenes) (1840); "Letters from Georgia to Massa-
chusetts.
Longus (long'gus). A Greek romancer; be-
longs probably to the fifth century of our era.
The pastoral romance (Daphnis and Chloe,'
the prototype of "Paul and Virginia) and sim-
ilar sentimental tales, is ascribed to him. *
Lönnrot, Elias (lėn'rot). A Finnish philolo-
gist; born at Sammatti, in Nyland, April 9, 1802 ;
died there, March 19, 1884. Recognizing the
value of the people's songs and ballads for
Finnish language-study, he spent years in col-
lecting such material in Finland, Lapland, and
adjoining provinces, and published the fruits
of his researches in a series of volumes. Among
his «finds » is to be numbered the great pop-
ular epic 'Kalevala,' of which only a few cantos
were previously known to the learned world.
He wrote a (Finnish-Swedish Dictionary) (2
vols. , 1866-80). * (See (Kalevala. ')
Loosjes, Adriaan (los'yes). A Dutch poet
and novelist; born on the island of Texel in
1761; died at Haarlem in 1818. He was in-
tended for the Church, but abandoned theology
for the trade of bookseller, devoting his leisure
to the composition of poems and especially
historical romances which made him a favorite
in Holland. Among the most popular were :
Charlotte of Bourbon (1792); Louise de Co.
ligny' (1803); Johann de Witt' (1805); (Maurice
Lynslager' (1808). "Love Songs) (1783); De
Ruyter) (1784), an epic; and several dramas,
constitute his other important works.
Lope de Vega. See Vega
Lopes or Lopez, Fernão (lö'pāth). The
oldest of the Portuguese chroniclers; born
about 1380; died after 1459. Appointed chief
archivist of the kingdom by Dom João I. in
1434, he devoted his life to historical research
and to the composition of chronicles, which
for literary and critical value were unsurpassed
in his century. His Chronicle of Señor Don
John I. ,' describing the great struggle between
Portugal and Castile, has invited comparison
with Froissart's writings on account of its pict-
uresqueness and dramatic reality. Equally
vigorous are his chronicles of Dom Pedro I.
and Don Fernando.
Lopes, Caetano (lo-pes). A Brazilian histo-
rian; born in Bahia, October 1780; died in Paris,
Dec. 22, 1860. He was a mulatto, educated in
Bahia and Paris; he settled in the latter in
1822 and became corresponding member of the
Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres.
The emperor Pedro held him in high esteem.
:
our era.
Longnon, Auguste Honoré (lôn-yôr'). A
French historian and philologist ; born at Paris,
Oct. 18, 1844. He was a shoemaker, but by
diligent cultivation of his rare natural gifts
rose to eminence among French scholars. He
became professor of history in the Collège de
France, 1892. His principal works are: (Ge-
ography of Gaul in the 6th Century) (1878);
(Historical Atlas of France) (1884-89).
Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin. An Amer-
ican lawyer, clergyman, educator, and author;
## p. 350 (#366) ############################################
350
LOPEZ Y PLANES - LOTZE
The Historical Institute of Rio Janeiro be-
stowed a gold medal upon him. He was noted
for brightness of style and purity of language.
His works were numerous, treating of history,
biography, and surgery.
Lopez y Planes, Vicente (lö'pāth ē plä'nes).
An Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres in
1784; died there in 1856. He was lawyer, sol-
dier, politician, and author; founded the classic
and topographical departments when the uni-
versity was established. He was Member of
Congress, 1819-25; provisional President of the
republic, July 5 to Aug. 13, 1827; President of
the supreme court of justice; and governor of
the province of Buenos Ayres. He wrote the
(Argentine National Hymn' and other poet-
ical works.
Lord, John. An American historian and
lecturer; born in Portsmouth, N. H. , 1809; died
in Stamford, Conn. , 1894. He has spent most
of his life in historical study and lecturing;
three years (1843-46) were passed in England,
where he spoke on (The Middle Ages. His
lectures have been delivered in the principal
towns and cities of the United States. The
degree of LL. D. was given him by the Univer-
sity of New York in 1864. He published (Mod-
ern History for Schools) (1850); (The Old
Roman World) (1867); Ancient States and
Empires) (1809); and (Beacon Lights) (1883).
Lord, William Wilberforce. An American
verse-writer; born in Madison County, N. Y. ,
1819. He published a volume of Poems) (1845),
that were ridiculed by Edgar A. Poe and praised
by Wordsworth ; "Christ in Hades) (1851); and
André, a Tragedy) (1856).
Lorente, Sebastian (lõ-ren'tā). A Peruvian
historian; born about 1820; died at Lima, No-
vember 1884. A professor of history at the
University of San Marcos, he made valuable
contributions to the historical literature of his
country in his "History of Peru' (5 vols. , 1860);
(History of the Conquest of Peru' (1861); and
articles in the Peruvian Review.
Lorenz, Ottokar (lö'rentz). A German his.
torian; born at Iglau, Sept. 17, 1832. His
first work was (The Consular Tribunal (1855).
He was appointed professor of history in the
University of Vienna, 1862; in 1885 accepted
a call to the University of Jena. Among his
writings are: (German History in the 13th and
14th Centuries) (2 vols. , 1863); (Sources of
Mediæval German History) (1870); History
of Alsace) (1871); "History and Politics (1876);
"Genealogical Manual of the History of Euro-
pean States) (1895).
Lorenzo de' Medici. See Medici.
Lorimer, George Claud. A noted American
pulpit orator; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in
1837; educated at Georgetown College, Ky.
He has preached very acceptably in several
cities. He was editor of the Watchman in 1876.
Among his published works are: (Under the
Evergreens) (1872); ( The Great Conflict) (1876);
Isms) (1882); and (Studies in Social Life) (1886).
Lorm, Hieronymus, pseudonym of Heinrich
Landesmann. A German poet and prose.
writer; born Aug. 9, 1821, at Nikolsburg. Mo.
ravia. Though blind and deaf, he has performed
much literary work. His works include ( Poems)
(7th ed. 1894); and A Child of the Sea) (1882),
a novel
Lorne, John Douglas Sutherland Camp-
bell, Marquis of, (son-in-law of Queen Vic.
toria).
A Scotch miscellaneous writer; born in
London, 1845. He has written : (A Trip to the
Tropics) (1867); (Guido and Lita' (1875), a
poem ; "Life of Lord Palmerston (1890); and
much miscellany.
Lorris. See Guillaume de Lorris.
Lossing, Benson John. An American his.
torian; born in Beekman, Dutchess County,
N. Y. , 1813; died near Dover Plains, N. Y. , June 3,
1891. He was a voluminous writer, and equally
at home in historical, biographical, and critical
composition; but his most useful and enduring
works were his great Pictorial Field-Books)
of the Revolution, the War of 1812, and the
Civil War,--the first published in illustrated
numbers 1850-52 (2 vols. ), the second in 1868,
the third 1866-69 (3 vols. ). He was a wood
engraver, and himself made the engravings for
the works, the scenic ones largely from sketches
the spots. He wrote also (Outline History
of the Fine Arts) (1841); "Lives of the Presi-
dents of the United States) (1847); "Biog.
raphies of Eminent Americans) (1855); A
History of England) for schools (1871); etc.
Lotheissen, Ferdinand (lo'tis-en). A Ger.
man historian of literature ; born at Darmstadt,
May 20, 1833; died at Vienna, Dec. 19, 1887.
His studies were mainly in the field of French
literature; he wrote : Literature and Society
in France, 1789-94' (1872): History of French
Literature in the Seventeenth Century) (4 vols. ,
1878–84); Molière, his Life and Works) (1880);
(Margaret, Queen of Navarre (1885). Among
his literary remains was a contribution to the
(History of French Civilization in the Seven-
teenth and Eighteenth Centuries) (1889).
Lothrop, Harriet Mulford. [ Margaret Sid.
ney. ”] An American novelist, wife of the
publisher D. Lothrop; born in New Haven,
Conn. , 1844. Among her published works are :
(So as by Fire) (1881); (The Pettibone Name,
a novel of New England life (1883); (The
Golden West) (1885); «The Minute-Man)
(1886); and “Dilly and the Captain) (1887).
Loti, Pierre (lõ-te'). A French poet and
novelist, whose real name is Louis Marie Julien
Viaud; born at Rochefort, Jan. 15, 1850. His
works include: Aziyadé! (1876); “Rarahu)
(1880), afterwards called (The Marriage of
Loti, romance of Tahiti; An Iceland
Fisherman) (1886); Madame Chrysanthème)
(1887); “In Morocco) (1890); (The Romance
of a Child' (1890).
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (lot'sė). A Ger-
man philosopher; born at Bautzen, Saxony, May
21, 1817; died in Berlin, July 1, 1881. Having
a
## p. 351 (#367) ############################################
LOUNSBURY-LOWELL
351
graduated in medical science and philosophy 1819; died in Cambridge, Mass. , Jan. 7, 1874.
at Leipsic, he was appointed professor of men. Among her publications are (Theory of Teach-
tal philosophy there (1843), and in 1844 ac- ing) (1841); (Gleanings from the Poets, for
cepted a call to Göttingen. He ranks among Home and School (1843); (Outlines of Astron-
the first of metaphysicians, and has given im- omy, or the World as It Appears! (1850);
pulse to the recent development of physiologi- and Posies for Children: a Book of Verses)
cal psychology. Among his numerous works (1870).
the most important are: Metaphysics) (1841);
Lowell, Edward Jackson. An American
(Logic) (1843); “Microcosmos of Philosophie)
historical writer; born in Boston, 1845; died
(3 vols. , 1856-64); (History of Æsthetics in Ger-
1894. He was educated as a lawyer, but of
many) (1868), several of which have been trans-
late years has given himself entirely to liter.
lated into English.
ary pursuits. He is the author of "The Hes-
Lounsbury, Thomas Raynesford. An Amer. sians and Other German Auxiliaries of Great
ican scholar; born at Ovid, N. Y. , Jan. I, 1838. Britain in the Revolutionary War) (1884): this
He graduated at Yale in 1859, and led the work is deemed exhaustive in its scope. He
life of a student in Anglo-Saxon and early is a frequent contributor to the magazines.
English, and a writer in critical and biograph-
Lowell, James Russell. An eminent Ameri-
ical works, till 1862, when he enlisted as a
volunteer in the Union Army, served as first
can poet and critic; born at Cambridge, Mass. ,
Feb. 22, 1819; died there, Aug. 12, 1891. His
lieutenant of the 126th New York Volunteers,
and was mustered out at the close of the War;
principal poetical works are: (A Year's Life,
a volume of poems (1841); (Poems) (1848);
since 1871 has occupied the chair of professor
(The Biglow Papers) (2 vols. , 1849 and 1864);
of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
(Under the Willows and Other Poems) (1868).
Yale University. Among his published works
Among his essays in literary criticism are :
are Chaucer's House of Fame) and (Parle-
ment of Foules); History of the English
Among my Books) (two series, 1870 and 1875);
(My Study Windows) (1871); Latest Literary
Language) (1879); biography of James Feni-
Essays and Addresses) (1892). He published
more Cooper in American Men of Letters)
also (Democracy, and Other Addresses) (1887);
series (1883); and his crowning work, which
(Political Essays) (1888); "Heartsease and Rue)
has brought him great celebrity, (Studies in
(1888). *
Chaucer, his Life and Writings) (3 vols. , 1892).
Louvet de Couvray, Jean Baptiste (lö-vā'
Lowell, Maria (White). An American writer
dé kö-vrā'). A French writer of memoirs ;
of prose and verse, wife of James Russell
born at Paris, June 11, 1760; died there, Aug.
Lowell; born in Watertown, Mass. , July 8,
25, 1797. He wrote a licentious novel, (Ad-
1821 ; died in Cambridge, Mass. , Oct. 27, 1853.
ventures of Chevalier Faublas) (2 vols. , 1787-
The best-known of her poems are (The Alpine
90); “Some Notes for Use in History) (1795);
Shepherd) and (The Morning Glory. The
Memoirs upon the French Revolution (1795).
death of Mrs. Lowell, occurring the same night
that a child was born to Mr. Longfellow, called
Lovelace, Richard. An English dramatist forth his poem beginning
and poet; born in Kent, 1618; died in London,
« Two angels, one of life and one of death,
1658. He shone at the court of Charles I. , and Passed o'er our village as the morning broke. "
sacrificed liberty and fortune for that unhappy
Lowell, Percival. An American traveler,
prince. His (Lucasta) is a collection of charm-
ing verse, “The Scholar) is a comedy of merit,
astronomical investigator, and author; born in
and (The Soldier) is a tragedy.
Massachusetts in 1855. He graduated from Har-
vard in 1876, and spent some time in Japan and
Lover, Samuel. An Irish novelist and song. Corea. Among his works are : (Chosön, a
writer; born at Dublin, 1797 ; died July 6, 1868. Sketch of Corea) (1886); (The Soul of the Far
He wrote: Legends and Stories of Ireland East) (1888); Noto, an Unexplored Corner of
(1832); song - Rory O'More, a National Ro- Japan); Occult Japan.
mance) (1837); (Songs and Ballads) (1839),
Lowell, Robert Traill Spence. An Ameri-
including The Low-Backed Car, (Widow
Machree, (The Angel's Whisper) and (The
can clergyman, educator, and author, brother
Four-Leaved Shamrock); (Handy Andy, an
of James Russell; born in Boston, Oct. 8,
Irish Tale) (1842); (Treasure Trove) (1844);
1816; died Sept. 18, 1891. He graduated from
"Metrical Tales and Other Poems) (1860). He
Harvard in 1833; was ordained a Protestant
edited a collection of “The Lyrics of Ireland)
Episcopal minister in Bermuda in 1842; and
(1858). *
held pastorates in Newfoundland, New Jersey,
and New York. He became principal of St.
Lowe, Martha Ann. An American verse-
Mark's School, Southborough, Mass. , in 1869;
writer; born at Keene, N. H. , 1829. She
and in 1873 professor of Latin in Union College,
published (The Olive and the Pine? (1859); Schenectady, N. Y. His best-known work is
(Love in Spain, and Other Poems) (1867); the novel “The New Priest in Concepcion Bay)
(The Story of Chief Joseph) (1881); and Me-
(1864). He also wrote (Fresh Hearts, and Other
moir of Charles Lowe) (1883).
Poems) (1860); (Antony Brade) (1874), a story
Lowell, Anna Cabrt (Jackson). An Ameri- of school life; (A Story or Two from an Oid
can prose and verse-writer; born in Boston Dutch Town' (1878).
## p. 352 (#368) ############################################
LOWRY - LUCY
352
Lowry, Robert. An American composer and
hymn-writer; born in Philadelphia, March 12,
1826. His music and hymns have met popu.
lar approval. He edited : "Chapel Melodies)
(1868); Bright Jewels) (1869); “Pure Gold) and
(Hymn Service) (1871); Brightest and Best)
(1875); "Glad Refrains) (1886); and other col-
lections of sacred music.
Loyson, Charles (lwä-zôn'), widely known as
< Père Hyacinthe. ” A French pulpit orator and
writer; born at Orléans, March 10, 1827. His
writings include : Liturgy of the Gallic-Catholic
Church) (4th ed. 1883); Neither Clericals nor
Atheists) (1890); and My Testament) (1893).
Lubbock, Sir John. An English naturalist
and palæontologist; born in London, April 30,
1834. His chief writings are : (Prehistoric Times
as Ilustrated by Ancient Remains, etc. (1865);
(The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive
Condition of Man (1870); (Origin and Meta-
morphoses of Insects) (1874); (Ants, Bees, and
Wasps) (1882); "On the Senses, Instincts, and
Intelligence of Animals) (1888); (The Beauties
of Nature and the Wonders of the World' (1892);
(The Use of Life) (1894). He is a member of
Parliament and has served on various import-
ant commissions. *
Lübke, Wilhelm (lüb’kė). A German his-
torian of art; born at Dortmund, Jan. 17, 1826;
died at Karlsruhe, April 5, 1893. Chief among
his works are : (Mediæval Art in Westphalia)
(1853); (Outline of the History of Art) (1860 ;
11th ed. 1891); (History of Architecture ) (2
vols. , 1855); (History of the Renaissance in
France) (1868); (History of the Renaissance
in Germany) (1873); "History of German Art)
(1888); (Recollections) (1891).
Lubliner, Hugo (löbʻlin-er). A German
dramatist; born at Breslau, April 22, 1846. His
three-act comedy (The Women's Advocate)
(1873) was produced on every stage in Ger-
many. Of inferior merit are his (The Floren-
tines, a tragedy; the comedies (The Woman
Without a Mind," "On the Wedding Journey,'
(The Poor Rich. He wrote two novels, Be-
lievers in Luck) and (The Matron of Nineteen
Years) (1887).
Lubovitch, Nikolas (löb'ò-vich). A Russian
writer of history; born in Podolia, March 16,
1855. He wrote : (Marnix de Saint Aldegonde
as a Political Writer) (1877); History of the Re-
formation in Poland) (1883); (Duke Albert of
Prussia and the Reformation in Poland) (1885);
(Origin of the Catholic Reaction and of the
Lapse of the Reformation in Poland) (1890).
Lubovski, Edward (löb-ov'ske). A Polish
dramatist ; born at Cracow, 1838. His first suc-
cessful dramatic venture was made with (Bats. )
His dramas, (The Court of Honor) (1880),
and "Jacus) (1883), are favorite pieces in the
theatrical repertoire of Poland. He is the au-
thor of two books of fiction : A Step Farther)
(1885); (Stories Without a Moral) (1886).
Lucan - Marcus Annæus Lucanus (lö'kän).
A Latin poet, nephew of Seneca; born at
Cordova, Spain, 39 A. D. ; died at Rome, 65
A. D. His uncle introduced him to the court
of Nero, and for a time he was a favorite ; but
Nero envied his poetic talents and banished
him from court. His epic poem Pharsalia)
has for its subject the great battle between
Cæsar and Pompey at Pharsalus : in style it is
stilted, labored, and rhetorical, yet it shows un-
doubted poetic talent and nobility of thought.
Luce, Siméon (lüs). A French writer of his-
tory; born at Bretteville-sur-Ay, Dec. 29, 1833 ;
died Dec. 14, 1892. He is author of History
of the Jacquerie) (1859; 2d ed. 1894); "Chron-
icle of the First Four Valois) (1862); (History
of Bertrand Duguesclin and his Time) (1876);
Joan of Arc at Domrémy) (1886); France
during the 100 Years' War' (1890). He edited
Froissart's Chronicle) (7 vols. , 1869-77).
Luchaire, Achille (lö-chăr'). A French his.
torian; born at Paris, Oct. 24, 1846. He has
held professorships at Pau, Bordeaux, and Paris,
where he now occupies the chair of mediæval
history in the Faculty of Letters. An authority
on the institutions of France in the Feudal
Period, he has published: (Monarchical Insti-
tutions of France under the First Capetians)
(1884), (Studies of the Acts of Louis VII. (1885),
both of which received the Gobert Prize offered
by the Academy of Inscriptions. Among his re-
cent works are : (The French Communes' (1890);
(Louis VI. (1890); and several monographs
written in collaboration with M. B. Zeller. In
1891 he was decorated with the Legion of Honor.
Lucian-Lucianus (lö'shun). A celebrated
Greek satirist; born at Samosata, in northern
Syria, about 120 A. D. ; died about 200 A. D.
Very many of his writings are extant, among
them: Praise of Demosthenes); Dialogues
of the Gods); Dialogues of the Sea Gods);
Dialogues of the Dead'; (The True History);
(Lucius; or The Ass); (On the Syrian God-
dess); Death of Peregrinus); (The Lover of
Lying); The Sea Voyage; or Votive Offer-
ings); «The Banquet; or The Lapithe); (The
Fisherman'; (The Sale of Lives); (Hermoti-
mus); Alexander, or The False Prophet);
(Anacharsis. The genuine writings of Lucian
that are extant number 124, not including some
fifty epigrams. *
Lucilius, Gaius (lö-sil'yus). A Latin poet;
born about 180 B. C. , at Suessa Aurunca, in
Campania ; died at Naples, 103 B. C. He first
gave form to Roman satiric poetry. Only frag-
ments remain of his thirty books of satires.
These show that he wrote in various metres,
though mainly in hexameters. In his verses he
lashed the vices and follies of his time with
perfect freedom and impartiality.
Lucretius Carus, Titus (lö-kre'shus kā'rus).
A Roman poet; born about 98 B. C. ; died 55
B. C.
successful romances are: (The Neurotic); Pas-
sion's Slave); “Woman's Justice); (The Hatred
of Love.
Lokmân (lok-män'). An Arabian sage an-
terior to Mohammed. In legendary story he
figures now as King of Yemen, then as a prophet,
again as an Abyssinian slave. Under his name
we have, besides certain sayings contained in
the Koran or current in the common speech, a
small collection of Fables, which in no wise
merit the praises bestowed upon them. They
are an awkward adaptation of Æsop's fables,
and are not of earlier date than the sixteenth
or the fifteenth century.
Lolli, Giambattista (lol'lē). A celebrated
Italian chess-player. He was a native of Mo-
dena. His classical work (The Game of Chess)
appeared in 1763.
Loman, Abraham Dirk (lo'män). A Dutch
theologian; born at The Hague, Dec. 16, 1813.
He became professor of theology in the Uni-
versity of Amsterdam in 1877. He is one of
the foremost of the Dutch Radical critics of the
Scriptures. He wrote : (The Testimony of the
Muratorian Canon (1865); “Protestantism and
the Authority of the Church) (1868); (The
Gospel of John (1873); (Symbol and Fact in
the Gospel History) (1884).
Lombardi, Eliodoro (lom-bär'dē). An Ital-
ian poet and man of letters; born at Marsala,
18– His (Songs) (1884), and Evolutionary
Process in Literature) (1888), are well known.
Lombroso, Cesare (lom-bro'ső). An Italian
scientist ; born in Venice, November 1836. He
has attained world-wide celebrity as an investi-
gator of pathology, psychiatry, nervous diseases,
and allied departments of science. His principal
works are: (Researches on Cretinism in Lom-
bardy) (1859); (Genius and Insanity) (1864);
(Clinical Studies on Mental Diseases) (1865);
(Microcephaly and Cretinism) (1873); Love
in Suicide and in Crime) (1881); “The Crimi-
nal as related to Anthropology, Jurisprudence,
and Prison Discipline) (4th ed. 1889); (The
Man of Genius as Related to Psychiatry) (1889);
(Female Criminals) (1893); (Anti-Semitism and
the Modern Sciences) (1894); "The Anarchists)
(1894).
Loménie, Louis Léonard de (lo-mă-nē'). A
French man of letters; born at St. Yrieix, Haute
Vienne, 1815; died 1878. He had an intimate
acquaintance with contemporary European lit.
erature. His writings were "Gallery of Con-
temporaries) (1840-47); “Beaumarchais and his
Time' (1855); and many more.
Lomonossov, Michail Vasilyevich (lo-mo-
nos'ov). A Russian poet and man of science;
born at Dennisowka, Archangel, 1711 or 1712;
died at St. Petersburg, April 15, 1765. He is
« father of Russian grammar and literature. ”
He was made instructor in chemistry and phys-
ics in the Academy in 1742, and professor of
chemistry in 1745. He was the first to write
polished lyric verse in Russian: his models
were the classic poets of France. Among his
odes is the celebrated one "On the Taking of
Chotin. He wrote also songs, didactic poems,
and poetical epistles. He failed in tragedy.
His principal scientific works are: Atmospheric
Phenomena Produced by Electricity); Ele-
ments of Metallurgy); (Causes of Heat and
Cold"; etc. Of very great importance are his
philological writings; among them are 'On the
Utility of Church Slavic for Study of the Rus-
sian Language); (Russian Grammar, the pub-
lication of which marked an epoch.
Long, Charles Chaillé. An American sol-
dier and author; born at Princess Anne, Som-
erset County, Md. , 1842. He enlisted in the
Union army in the Civil War, and attained the
rank of captain. In 1869 he was appointed
lieutenant-colonel in the Egyptian army; in
1874 he was made chief of staff to General Gor-
don, and employed on a diplomatic and geo-
graphical mission to the interior of Africa. In
1877 he returned to the United States, studied
at the Columbia Law School, and was admitted
to the bar. He was appointed consul-general in
Corea in 1887. His works are: (Central Africa)
(1876); “The Three Prophets - Chinese Gordon,
the Mahdi, and Arabi Pasha) (1884).
Long, George. An English classical scholar;
born at Poulton, Lancashire, 1800; died 1879.
He was distinguished for his knowledge of Latin
and Greek literature. He published an admir-
able translation of "Thoughts of the Emperor
M. Aurelius Antoninus) (1862-79) and Dis-
courses of Epictetus) (1877).
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth. An emi-
nent American poet; born at Portland, Me. ,
Feb. 27, 1807 ; died at Cambridge, Mass. , March
24, 1882. He was a graduate of Bowdoin Col-
lege in 1825. His early years were occupied
in travel, and in studies in Spanish, French,
and Italian literatures, and translations from
each of them. Outre Mer, a Pilgrimage Be-
yond the Sea) was published in serial form
in 1833-34 anonymously, but under his own
name in 1835; Hyperion) followed (1839);
(Voices of the Night) (1839); (Ballads and
Other Poems) (1842); Poems on Slavery)
(1842); «The Spanish Student) (1843). His
important collection Poets and Poetry of Eu-
rope,' still a favorite anthology, was published
in 1845. Then came (The Belfry of Bruges
and Other Poems) (1846); (Evangeline, a
## p. 349 (#365) ############################################
LONGFELLOW - LOPES
349
Tale of Acadie) (1847); Kavanagh, a Tale)
(1849); “The Seaside and the Fireside (1850);
A Volume of Poems) (1850); “The Golden
Legend) (1851); (Song of Hiawatha) (1855);
(Prose Works, a series of essays, collected
(1857); Poems, complete edition (1857);'Court-
ship of Miles Standish) (1858); (Tales of a
Wayside Inn) (1863); Household Poems)
(1865). He translated and published Dante's
(Divine Comedy) in 1867 ; (A New England
Tragedy) came next (1868); “The Building of
a Ship) (1870); (Excelsior) (1872); Christus :
a Mystery, in a volume comprising several of
the foregoing (1872); (Aftermath) (1873); (The
Hanging of the Crane) (1875); (The Masque of
Pandora and Other Poems) (1875). He edited
his (Poems of Places) in 31 vols. (1876-79);
(Poems of the Old South Church) (1877);
(The Skeleton in Armor) (1878); Kéramos
and Other Poems) (1879). (From my Arm-
Chair) was printed in 1879; the volume (Ul.
tima Thule) in 1880; Michael Angelo) in
1884: Complete Poetical and Prose Works with
Later Poems, with a biographical sketch by
Octavius B. Frothingham, in 1880-83. *
Longfellow, Samuel. An American clergy-
man, poet, and author, brother of Henry W. ;
born in Portland, Me. , June 18, 1819; died there,
Oct. 3, 1892. He graduated from Harvard in
1839, and from the Divinity School in 1846. He
held pastorates in Unitarian churches in Fall
River, Mass. , Brooklyn, N. Y. , and German-
town, Pa. Later he settled in Cambridge, Mass.
As a hymn-writer he had few equals. Among
his works are : (Hymns of the Spirit) (with
the Rev. Samuel Johnson), published in 1848;
Life of H. W. Longfellow) (1886); (A Few
Verses of Many Years) (1887).
Longinus, Cassius (lon-ji'nus). A celebrated
Greek philosopher and rhetorician; lived about
210-273 A. D. ; born at Athens. He taught at
Athens till called to Palmyra by Queen Zeno-
bia to be her counselor; he confirmed the
Queen in her resolve to resist Roman domina-
tion, and on that account was beheaded by
order of the Emperor Aurelian.
He was a
man of vast learning : his biographer calls him
a living library," a "walking museum. Of his
voluminous writings, all that have come down
to us are the prolegomena to Hephæstion's
(Metrics,' and a fragment of a treatise on rhet-
oric. The valuable little essay on (The Sub-
lime, commonly attributed to him, is the work
of some unknown writer of the first century of
born in Augusta, Ga. , Sept. 22, 1790; died at
Oxford, Miss. , Sept. 9, 1870. He graduated at
Yale in 1813, studied law at Litchfield, Conn. ,
and was admitted to the bar in Richmond County,
Ga. , in 1815. In 1822 he removed to Augusta,
Ga. , and founded the Sentinel. In 1838 he
entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry, and
later was president of several Southern uni.
versities, chief among them being the Univer:
sity of Mississippi. His works include: 'Georgia
Scenes) (1840); "Letters from Georgia to Massa-
chusetts.
Longus (long'gus). A Greek romancer; be-
longs probably to the fifth century of our era.
The pastoral romance (Daphnis and Chloe,'
the prototype of "Paul and Virginia) and sim-
ilar sentimental tales, is ascribed to him. *
Lönnrot, Elias (lėn'rot). A Finnish philolo-
gist; born at Sammatti, in Nyland, April 9, 1802 ;
died there, March 19, 1884. Recognizing the
value of the people's songs and ballads for
Finnish language-study, he spent years in col-
lecting such material in Finland, Lapland, and
adjoining provinces, and published the fruits
of his researches in a series of volumes. Among
his «finds » is to be numbered the great pop-
ular epic 'Kalevala,' of which only a few cantos
were previously known to the learned world.
He wrote a (Finnish-Swedish Dictionary) (2
vols. , 1866-80). * (See (Kalevala. ')
Loosjes, Adriaan (los'yes). A Dutch poet
and novelist; born on the island of Texel in
1761; died at Haarlem in 1818. He was in-
tended for the Church, but abandoned theology
for the trade of bookseller, devoting his leisure
to the composition of poems and especially
historical romances which made him a favorite
in Holland. Among the most popular were :
Charlotte of Bourbon (1792); Louise de Co.
ligny' (1803); Johann de Witt' (1805); (Maurice
Lynslager' (1808). "Love Songs) (1783); De
Ruyter) (1784), an epic; and several dramas,
constitute his other important works.
Lope de Vega. See Vega
Lopes or Lopez, Fernão (lö'pāth). The
oldest of the Portuguese chroniclers; born
about 1380; died after 1459. Appointed chief
archivist of the kingdom by Dom João I. in
1434, he devoted his life to historical research
and to the composition of chronicles, which
for literary and critical value were unsurpassed
in his century. His Chronicle of Señor Don
John I. ,' describing the great struggle between
Portugal and Castile, has invited comparison
with Froissart's writings on account of its pict-
uresqueness and dramatic reality. Equally
vigorous are his chronicles of Dom Pedro I.
and Don Fernando.
Lopes, Caetano (lo-pes). A Brazilian histo-
rian; born in Bahia, October 1780; died in Paris,
Dec. 22, 1860. He was a mulatto, educated in
Bahia and Paris; he settled in the latter in
1822 and became corresponding member of the
Academy of Inscriptions and Belles-lettres.
The emperor Pedro held him in high esteem.
:
our era.
Longnon, Auguste Honoré (lôn-yôr'). A
French historian and philologist ; born at Paris,
Oct. 18, 1844. He was a shoemaker, but by
diligent cultivation of his rare natural gifts
rose to eminence among French scholars. He
became professor of history in the Collège de
France, 1892. His principal works are: (Ge-
ography of Gaul in the 6th Century) (1878);
(Historical Atlas of France) (1884-89).
Longstreet, Augustus Baldwin. An Amer-
ican lawyer, clergyman, educator, and author;
## p. 350 (#366) ############################################
350
LOPEZ Y PLANES - LOTZE
The Historical Institute of Rio Janeiro be-
stowed a gold medal upon him. He was noted
for brightness of style and purity of language.
His works were numerous, treating of history,
biography, and surgery.
Lopez y Planes, Vicente (lö'pāth ē plä'nes).
An Argentine poet; born in Buenos Ayres in
1784; died there in 1856. He was lawyer, sol-
dier, politician, and author; founded the classic
and topographical departments when the uni-
versity was established. He was Member of
Congress, 1819-25; provisional President of the
republic, July 5 to Aug. 13, 1827; President of
the supreme court of justice; and governor of
the province of Buenos Ayres. He wrote the
(Argentine National Hymn' and other poet-
ical works.
Lord, John. An American historian and
lecturer; born in Portsmouth, N. H. , 1809; died
in Stamford, Conn. , 1894. He has spent most
of his life in historical study and lecturing;
three years (1843-46) were passed in England,
where he spoke on (The Middle Ages. His
lectures have been delivered in the principal
towns and cities of the United States. The
degree of LL. D. was given him by the Univer-
sity of New York in 1864. He published (Mod-
ern History for Schools) (1850); (The Old
Roman World) (1867); Ancient States and
Empires) (1809); and (Beacon Lights) (1883).
Lord, William Wilberforce. An American
verse-writer; born in Madison County, N. Y. ,
1819. He published a volume of Poems) (1845),
that were ridiculed by Edgar A. Poe and praised
by Wordsworth ; "Christ in Hades) (1851); and
André, a Tragedy) (1856).
Lorente, Sebastian (lõ-ren'tā). A Peruvian
historian; born about 1820; died at Lima, No-
vember 1884. A professor of history at the
University of San Marcos, he made valuable
contributions to the historical literature of his
country in his "History of Peru' (5 vols. , 1860);
(History of the Conquest of Peru' (1861); and
articles in the Peruvian Review.
Lorenz, Ottokar (lö'rentz). A German his.
torian; born at Iglau, Sept. 17, 1832. His
first work was (The Consular Tribunal (1855).
He was appointed professor of history in the
University of Vienna, 1862; in 1885 accepted
a call to the University of Jena. Among his
writings are: (German History in the 13th and
14th Centuries) (2 vols. , 1863); (Sources of
Mediæval German History) (1870); History
of Alsace) (1871); "History and Politics (1876);
"Genealogical Manual of the History of Euro-
pean States) (1895).
Lorenzo de' Medici. See Medici.
Lorimer, George Claud. A noted American
pulpit orator; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, in
1837; educated at Georgetown College, Ky.
He has preached very acceptably in several
cities. He was editor of the Watchman in 1876.
Among his published works are: (Under the
Evergreens) (1872); ( The Great Conflict) (1876);
Isms) (1882); and (Studies in Social Life) (1886).
Lorm, Hieronymus, pseudonym of Heinrich
Landesmann. A German poet and prose.
writer; born Aug. 9, 1821, at Nikolsburg. Mo.
ravia. Though blind and deaf, he has performed
much literary work. His works include ( Poems)
(7th ed. 1894); and A Child of the Sea) (1882),
a novel
Lorne, John Douglas Sutherland Camp-
bell, Marquis of, (son-in-law of Queen Vic.
toria).
A Scotch miscellaneous writer; born in
London, 1845. He has written : (A Trip to the
Tropics) (1867); (Guido and Lita' (1875), a
poem ; "Life of Lord Palmerston (1890); and
much miscellany.
Lorris. See Guillaume de Lorris.
Lossing, Benson John. An American his.
torian; born in Beekman, Dutchess County,
N. Y. , 1813; died near Dover Plains, N. Y. , June 3,
1891. He was a voluminous writer, and equally
at home in historical, biographical, and critical
composition; but his most useful and enduring
works were his great Pictorial Field-Books)
of the Revolution, the War of 1812, and the
Civil War,--the first published in illustrated
numbers 1850-52 (2 vols. ), the second in 1868,
the third 1866-69 (3 vols. ). He was a wood
engraver, and himself made the engravings for
the works, the scenic ones largely from sketches
the spots. He wrote also (Outline History
of the Fine Arts) (1841); "Lives of the Presi-
dents of the United States) (1847); "Biog.
raphies of Eminent Americans) (1855); A
History of England) for schools (1871); etc.
Lotheissen, Ferdinand (lo'tis-en). A Ger.
man historian of literature ; born at Darmstadt,
May 20, 1833; died at Vienna, Dec. 19, 1887.
His studies were mainly in the field of French
literature; he wrote : Literature and Society
in France, 1789-94' (1872): History of French
Literature in the Seventeenth Century) (4 vols. ,
1878–84); Molière, his Life and Works) (1880);
(Margaret, Queen of Navarre (1885). Among
his literary remains was a contribution to the
(History of French Civilization in the Seven-
teenth and Eighteenth Centuries) (1889).
Lothrop, Harriet Mulford. [ Margaret Sid.
ney. ”] An American novelist, wife of the
publisher D. Lothrop; born in New Haven,
Conn. , 1844. Among her published works are :
(So as by Fire) (1881); (The Pettibone Name,
a novel of New England life (1883); (The
Golden West) (1885); «The Minute-Man)
(1886); and “Dilly and the Captain) (1887).
Loti, Pierre (lõ-te'). A French poet and
novelist, whose real name is Louis Marie Julien
Viaud; born at Rochefort, Jan. 15, 1850. His
works include: Aziyadé! (1876); “Rarahu)
(1880), afterwards called (The Marriage of
Loti, romance of Tahiti; An Iceland
Fisherman) (1886); Madame Chrysanthème)
(1887); “In Morocco) (1890); (The Romance
of a Child' (1890).
Lotze, Rudolf Hermann (lot'sė). A Ger-
man philosopher; born at Bautzen, Saxony, May
21, 1817; died in Berlin, July 1, 1881. Having
a
## p. 351 (#367) ############################################
LOUNSBURY-LOWELL
351
graduated in medical science and philosophy 1819; died in Cambridge, Mass. , Jan. 7, 1874.
at Leipsic, he was appointed professor of men. Among her publications are (Theory of Teach-
tal philosophy there (1843), and in 1844 ac- ing) (1841); (Gleanings from the Poets, for
cepted a call to Göttingen. He ranks among Home and School (1843); (Outlines of Astron-
the first of metaphysicians, and has given im- omy, or the World as It Appears! (1850);
pulse to the recent development of physiologi- and Posies for Children: a Book of Verses)
cal psychology. Among his numerous works (1870).
the most important are: Metaphysics) (1841);
Lowell, Edward Jackson. An American
(Logic) (1843); “Microcosmos of Philosophie)
historical writer; born in Boston, 1845; died
(3 vols. , 1856-64); (History of Æsthetics in Ger-
1894. He was educated as a lawyer, but of
many) (1868), several of which have been trans-
late years has given himself entirely to liter.
lated into English.
ary pursuits. He is the author of "The Hes-
Lounsbury, Thomas Raynesford. An Amer. sians and Other German Auxiliaries of Great
ican scholar; born at Ovid, N. Y. , Jan. I, 1838. Britain in the Revolutionary War) (1884): this
He graduated at Yale in 1859, and led the work is deemed exhaustive in its scope. He
life of a student in Anglo-Saxon and early is a frequent contributor to the magazines.
English, and a writer in critical and biograph-
Lowell, James Russell. An eminent Ameri-
ical works, till 1862, when he enlisted as a
volunteer in the Union Army, served as first
can poet and critic; born at Cambridge, Mass. ,
Feb. 22, 1819; died there, Aug. 12, 1891. His
lieutenant of the 126th New York Volunteers,
and was mustered out at the close of the War;
principal poetical works are: (A Year's Life,
a volume of poems (1841); (Poems) (1848);
since 1871 has occupied the chair of professor
(The Biglow Papers) (2 vols. , 1849 and 1864);
of English in the Sheffield Scientific School of
(Under the Willows and Other Poems) (1868).
Yale University. Among his published works
Among his essays in literary criticism are :
are Chaucer's House of Fame) and (Parle-
ment of Foules); History of the English
Among my Books) (two series, 1870 and 1875);
(My Study Windows) (1871); Latest Literary
Language) (1879); biography of James Feni-
Essays and Addresses) (1892). He published
more Cooper in American Men of Letters)
also (Democracy, and Other Addresses) (1887);
series (1883); and his crowning work, which
(Political Essays) (1888); "Heartsease and Rue)
has brought him great celebrity, (Studies in
(1888). *
Chaucer, his Life and Writings) (3 vols. , 1892).
Louvet de Couvray, Jean Baptiste (lö-vā'
Lowell, Maria (White). An American writer
dé kö-vrā'). A French writer of memoirs ;
of prose and verse, wife of James Russell
born at Paris, June 11, 1760; died there, Aug.
Lowell; born in Watertown, Mass. , July 8,
25, 1797. He wrote a licentious novel, (Ad-
1821 ; died in Cambridge, Mass. , Oct. 27, 1853.
ventures of Chevalier Faublas) (2 vols. , 1787-
The best-known of her poems are (The Alpine
90); “Some Notes for Use in History) (1795);
Shepherd) and (The Morning Glory. The
Memoirs upon the French Revolution (1795).
death of Mrs. Lowell, occurring the same night
that a child was born to Mr. Longfellow, called
Lovelace, Richard. An English dramatist forth his poem beginning
and poet; born in Kent, 1618; died in London,
« Two angels, one of life and one of death,
1658. He shone at the court of Charles I. , and Passed o'er our village as the morning broke. "
sacrificed liberty and fortune for that unhappy
Lowell, Percival. An American traveler,
prince. His (Lucasta) is a collection of charm-
ing verse, “The Scholar) is a comedy of merit,
astronomical investigator, and author; born in
and (The Soldier) is a tragedy.
Massachusetts in 1855. He graduated from Har-
vard in 1876, and spent some time in Japan and
Lover, Samuel. An Irish novelist and song. Corea. Among his works are : (Chosön, a
writer; born at Dublin, 1797 ; died July 6, 1868. Sketch of Corea) (1886); (The Soul of the Far
He wrote: Legends and Stories of Ireland East) (1888); Noto, an Unexplored Corner of
(1832); song - Rory O'More, a National Ro- Japan); Occult Japan.
mance) (1837); (Songs and Ballads) (1839),
Lowell, Robert Traill Spence. An Ameri-
including The Low-Backed Car, (Widow
Machree, (The Angel's Whisper) and (The
can clergyman, educator, and author, brother
Four-Leaved Shamrock); (Handy Andy, an
of James Russell; born in Boston, Oct. 8,
Irish Tale) (1842); (Treasure Trove) (1844);
1816; died Sept. 18, 1891. He graduated from
"Metrical Tales and Other Poems) (1860). He
Harvard in 1833; was ordained a Protestant
edited a collection of “The Lyrics of Ireland)
Episcopal minister in Bermuda in 1842; and
(1858). *
held pastorates in Newfoundland, New Jersey,
and New York. He became principal of St.
Lowe, Martha Ann. An American verse-
Mark's School, Southborough, Mass. , in 1869;
writer; born at Keene, N. H. , 1829. She
and in 1873 professor of Latin in Union College,
published (The Olive and the Pine? (1859); Schenectady, N. Y. His best-known work is
(Love in Spain, and Other Poems) (1867); the novel “The New Priest in Concepcion Bay)
(The Story of Chief Joseph) (1881); and Me-
(1864). He also wrote (Fresh Hearts, and Other
moir of Charles Lowe) (1883).
Poems) (1860); (Antony Brade) (1874), a story
Lowell, Anna Cabrt (Jackson). An Ameri- of school life; (A Story or Two from an Oid
can prose and verse-writer; born in Boston Dutch Town' (1878).
## p. 352 (#368) ############################################
LOWRY - LUCY
352
Lowry, Robert. An American composer and
hymn-writer; born in Philadelphia, March 12,
1826. His music and hymns have met popu.
lar approval. He edited : "Chapel Melodies)
(1868); Bright Jewels) (1869); “Pure Gold) and
(Hymn Service) (1871); Brightest and Best)
(1875); "Glad Refrains) (1886); and other col-
lections of sacred music.
Loyson, Charles (lwä-zôn'), widely known as
< Père Hyacinthe. ” A French pulpit orator and
writer; born at Orléans, March 10, 1827. His
writings include : Liturgy of the Gallic-Catholic
Church) (4th ed. 1883); Neither Clericals nor
Atheists) (1890); and My Testament) (1893).
Lubbock, Sir John. An English naturalist
and palæontologist; born in London, April 30,
1834. His chief writings are : (Prehistoric Times
as Ilustrated by Ancient Remains, etc. (1865);
(The Origin of Civilization and the Primitive
Condition of Man (1870); (Origin and Meta-
morphoses of Insects) (1874); (Ants, Bees, and
Wasps) (1882); "On the Senses, Instincts, and
Intelligence of Animals) (1888); (The Beauties
of Nature and the Wonders of the World' (1892);
(The Use of Life) (1894). He is a member of
Parliament and has served on various import-
ant commissions. *
Lübke, Wilhelm (lüb’kė). A German his-
torian of art; born at Dortmund, Jan. 17, 1826;
died at Karlsruhe, April 5, 1893. Chief among
his works are : (Mediæval Art in Westphalia)
(1853); (Outline of the History of Art) (1860 ;
11th ed. 1891); (History of Architecture ) (2
vols. , 1855); (History of the Renaissance in
France) (1868); (History of the Renaissance
in Germany) (1873); "History of German Art)
(1888); (Recollections) (1891).
Lubliner, Hugo (löbʻlin-er). A German
dramatist; born at Breslau, April 22, 1846. His
three-act comedy (The Women's Advocate)
(1873) was produced on every stage in Ger-
many. Of inferior merit are his (The Floren-
tines, a tragedy; the comedies (The Woman
Without a Mind," "On the Wedding Journey,'
(The Poor Rich. He wrote two novels, Be-
lievers in Luck) and (The Matron of Nineteen
Years) (1887).
Lubovitch, Nikolas (löb'ò-vich). A Russian
writer of history; born in Podolia, March 16,
1855. He wrote : (Marnix de Saint Aldegonde
as a Political Writer) (1877); History of the Re-
formation in Poland) (1883); (Duke Albert of
Prussia and the Reformation in Poland) (1885);
(Origin of the Catholic Reaction and of the
Lapse of the Reformation in Poland) (1890).
Lubovski, Edward (löb-ov'ske). A Polish
dramatist ; born at Cracow, 1838. His first suc-
cessful dramatic venture was made with (Bats. )
His dramas, (The Court of Honor) (1880),
and "Jacus) (1883), are favorite pieces in the
theatrical repertoire of Poland. He is the au-
thor of two books of fiction : A Step Farther)
(1885); (Stories Without a Moral) (1886).
Lucan - Marcus Annæus Lucanus (lö'kän).
A Latin poet, nephew of Seneca; born at
Cordova, Spain, 39 A. D. ; died at Rome, 65
A. D. His uncle introduced him to the court
of Nero, and for a time he was a favorite ; but
Nero envied his poetic talents and banished
him from court. His epic poem Pharsalia)
has for its subject the great battle between
Cæsar and Pompey at Pharsalus : in style it is
stilted, labored, and rhetorical, yet it shows un-
doubted poetic talent and nobility of thought.
Luce, Siméon (lüs). A French writer of his-
tory; born at Bretteville-sur-Ay, Dec. 29, 1833 ;
died Dec. 14, 1892. He is author of History
of the Jacquerie) (1859; 2d ed. 1894); "Chron-
icle of the First Four Valois) (1862); (History
of Bertrand Duguesclin and his Time) (1876);
Joan of Arc at Domrémy) (1886); France
during the 100 Years' War' (1890). He edited
Froissart's Chronicle) (7 vols. , 1869-77).
Luchaire, Achille (lö-chăr'). A French his.
torian; born at Paris, Oct. 24, 1846. He has
held professorships at Pau, Bordeaux, and Paris,
where he now occupies the chair of mediæval
history in the Faculty of Letters. An authority
on the institutions of France in the Feudal
Period, he has published: (Monarchical Insti-
tutions of France under the First Capetians)
(1884), (Studies of the Acts of Louis VII. (1885),
both of which received the Gobert Prize offered
by the Academy of Inscriptions. Among his re-
cent works are : (The French Communes' (1890);
(Louis VI. (1890); and several monographs
written in collaboration with M. B. Zeller. In
1891 he was decorated with the Legion of Honor.
Lucian-Lucianus (lö'shun). A celebrated
Greek satirist; born at Samosata, in northern
Syria, about 120 A. D. ; died about 200 A. D.
Very many of his writings are extant, among
them: Praise of Demosthenes); Dialogues
of the Gods); Dialogues of the Sea Gods);
Dialogues of the Dead'; (The True History);
(Lucius; or The Ass); (On the Syrian God-
dess); Death of Peregrinus); (The Lover of
Lying); The Sea Voyage; or Votive Offer-
ings); «The Banquet; or The Lapithe); (The
Fisherman'; (The Sale of Lives); (Hermoti-
mus); Alexander, or The False Prophet);
(Anacharsis. The genuine writings of Lucian
that are extant number 124, not including some
fifty epigrams. *
Lucilius, Gaius (lö-sil'yus). A Latin poet;
born about 180 B. C. , at Suessa Aurunca, in
Campania ; died at Naples, 103 B. C. He first
gave form to Roman satiric poetry. Only frag-
ments remain of his thirty books of satires.
These show that he wrote in various metres,
though mainly in hexameters. In his verses he
lashed the vices and follies of his time with
perfect freedom and impartiality.
Lucretius Carus, Titus (lö-kre'shus kā'rus).
A Roman poet; born about 98 B. C. ; died 55
B. C.
