Aidan, were
interred
in
"
the World," vol.
"
the World," vol.
O'Hanlon - Lives of the Irish Saints - v8
, pp.
3 [4 to 317.
I3 SeeSurius, " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. iv. , Augusti xxxi. Vita S. Aidani, cap. viii. , p. 339.
"
I4 See ibid. Also Venerable Bede's His-
toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. xiv.
« See Matthew of Paris, "Chronica
Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A, vol. i. , pp. 281, 282.
language
"
of time. Never before have I seen a prince humble as he is ; and hence I under- stand, that he shall soon be taken away from this life. His nation is not worthy of such a ruler. " *s In a short time afterwards, these sad presages
were fulfilled.
Restless in his rapacity, the ambitious Penda led his army northwards
against the strong citadel of Bamborough. Many, who had cognizance of the matter, related a wonderful miracle, wrought by our holy Bishop, during this period of his episcopacy. The fierce King of Mercia, as he advanced,
you say,
illustratethe and kindly
I know," replied
496 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
devastated the kingdom of Northumbria with fire and slaughter. Having come to the royal city, formerly named Bebbo,16 he found he could neither take it by force of arms nor by blockade. Penda thereupon endeavoured to set it on fire. Penda retired for a time, and brought
on waggons, which he found in the neighbourhood of that city.
In these he placed great loads of beams, logs, and wicker-walls 7 of houses ; all of these he piled up in great heaps, before the town, and
immediately near its walls. Having seized the opportunity of a wind,
blowing in a suitable direction ;
he had fire applied to those combus-
18 At this time, the
Aidan was in Fame Island, whither he often retired, tor the sake of devoting himself to prayer and holy contemplation. When Aidan saw flames and smoke arise above the walls, he is said to have raised his eyes and hands to-
tibles,
that thus he
might
burn the
city.
holy Bishop
" See, O Lord, what evil At these words, the winds blew from the city, and in the direction of those who attacked it. Many of the foe being injured, the rest
wards Heaven. Then he exclaimed, with tears
:
Penda does !
"
were seized with a panic, and ceased all further attempts, believing that the x
town had been preserved by some Almighty power. 9 Chagrined and con- founded, afterwards Penda raised the siege and led back his army.
However, Oswy could not live in peace with Oswin 2° and their ;
differences increased to such an extent, that at length open hostility was the consequence. The manner of Oswin's death is thus related. Although for six years, Oswy dared not provoke a war with the good and valiant princeoftheDeiri; yet,intheseventhyear,ambitiontemptedhimtobring their causes of disagreement to a hostile issue. On both sides armies were raised; butOswinsoonfoundheoughtnotmaintainacontestwitharival,who could bring more numerous auxiliaries to the field than was in his own power. Whereupon, he thought it better to sue for peace. Hoping for a more pros- perous result, when his army had assembled at a place, formerly called Wil-
21 Oswin disbanded, and ordered all his men to return to their own homes. Withonlyonetrustysoldier,namedTondhere,hewithdrew,and lay concealed in the house of Earl Hunwald, whom he imagined to be
fares-dun,
his most assured friend.
22
But, this thane proved to be false, and betrayed
theKingandhisguardtoOswy. Inadetestablemanner,thelattercaused
his commander Ethilwin to slay Oswin and his faithful soldier. This
happened on the 20th of August, a. d. 651, in the ninth year of his reign, and
ata called place
23 Asanatonementforthat a
crime, monastery
Ingethlingum.
was alterwards built there. In it, prayers were daily offered for the souls of both Kings ; that is, for him that was murdered, and for him that com- manded the murder to be committed. 2*
16
queen.
Bamborough.
So called from the name of a former cap. xiv. , pp. 308 to 311. «
Now
'? This gives us to understand the fragile
character of materials used in the construe-
tion of houses at that period among the
Anglo-Saxons.
ai That is Wilfar's Hill. It almost ten lay
miles distant from the village called Cata- ract, and towards the north-west,
M See ** Henrici Archidiaconi Hunten- dunensis Historia Anglorum," edited by Thomas Arnold, M. A. , lib. iii. , sect. 39, p. 95.
33 See "Matthsei Monachi Parisiensis,
Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A. , p. 287.
** See Venerable Bedo's " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. ,
,y
siege of this place by Penda, in Rev. Dr.
See the account given regarding the
Lingard's "History chap, ii. , p. 93.
of
England,"
vol.
i. ,
'» See burius, " De Probatis Sanctorum
Vitis, vol. iv. Vita S. Aidani, 389-
10
Ecclesiastica Gentis lib. Anglorum,"
ix. ,
cap.
See Venerable Bede's "Historia cap. xiv. , pp. 310 to 313.
p.
iii. ,
as Francis Goodwin states it as Bishop
T
August 31. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 497
The holy bishop and founder of Lindisfame only survived King Oswin for
the short term of twelve 2* called to receive the crown of his days, being away
virtues, on the day before the September Calends. 26 When the time of his
departure had arrived, and having completed the seventeenth year of his 2
episcopacy, 7 Aidan chanced to be residing in the royal villa, Bebbord, not
far from the city of Bebbaborough, or Bamborough. There, he had an oratory and a chamber ; while he was wont often to go and to stay with King Oswin, as he and Aidan were linked by ties of the closest companionship. Thence, too, the saint was accustomed to make excursions, and to preach in the country round about ; and such was his habit, when he was at other country villas, belonging to the king, having nothing of his own, save the church and a few fields about it. It would seem, that the incessant labours of St. Aidan must have often tried his constitution, and brought on him fits of illness. When his last sickness came, the monks placed a tent or hut for himonthewesternsideofthechurchatLindisfame. Againstthisabeam rested for support, so that the temporary covering should adhere to its sides. The position was doubtless selected towards the mainland, as having been more sheltered from the cold winds of the east and north. When his last illness came, he was brought from his cell into the tent, and there blessed Aidan breathed forth his spirit, which he meekly resigned into the hands of his Creator. The Annals of Ulster, which are one year in arrear, record at 650 the rest of St. Aedain. 28 He died2? in the year 651, according to Venerable Bede,3° and by most writers, who follow this statement, although Bede does not exactly record the date.
As Aidan was deservedly loved whilst living, being held in veneration by
the Archbishop of Canterbury and by the bishop of the East Angles, so after
a saint. He died on the Island of Lindisfarne. 31 There too, at a subsequent time, St. Cuthbert lived. 32 When Aidan departed this life, Cuthbert was then a young man, and he saw the holy bishop's soul bornetoHeaven. 33 InVenerableBede'sLifeofSt. Cuthbert,itisrelated,that this latter saint, whilst tending his flock on the mountains, had been engaged at his prayer in the early part of that night on which St. Aidan departed. The
mountains around were illuminated by a miraculous light, while a choir of Angels conducted him towards Heaven. This vision Cuthbert afterwards related to the shepherds. On the following morning, he learned for a certainty, that the illustrious Bishop Aidan of Lindisfame had left the prison of his body for the mansions of everlasting light. 34 The body of St. Aidan
ology of Donegal," at He died, we read : " This clause is in the more recent hand and in Irish characters. "
death he was
reputed
probable, that Aidan died through grief for the death of —Oswald—but this is a
King
mistake for Oswin qui suorum perfidia
"
a—nte duodecim dies turn fuerat interemptus. "
" Historia Ecclesiastica
"De
Vitis," vol. iv. , Augustixxxi. Vita S. Aidani, cap. vii. , p. 339.
27 John Major only allows him seven
3° See Bede's
Gentis
3I For an account of this place, the reader
De Episcopis Dunelmensibus, p. 718. 26 '•
Anglise Commentarius. "
lib. xvii. iii. , cap.
Prsesulibus
Anglorum,"
See Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum is referred to that section of Gibson's
years of episcopal rule. " Septem annos
episcopatum rexit iste (Aidainus) in Anglia,
cui Finanus Scotus de eadem religione
monachus qua Aidanus successit. "— ad Annum Domini M. CCC. LXVL," a
" Historia Majoris Britannise, tarn Anglio quam Scotico," lib. ii. , cap. xi. , fol. xxxiii.
a8 Thus :—"Quies Aedain Episcopi Sax-
Monacho quodam Malmesburiensi exara-
turn, &c, vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. lxxiv. , p. 215. Edited by Frank Scott Haydon, B. A. Lon-
don, 1858, 8vo.
3* See Bede's " Vita S. Cuthberti," cap. iv.
onum. "
'-9 In a note
by
Dr. Todd to the "
Martyr-
Camden's "Britannia," headed
"
Insulse Britannise," p. 856, of the London edition,
1607.
** Set ibid. Introduction, p. xlvi.
» See "Eulogium (Historiarum sive Tem-
poris) : Chronicon ab Orbe condito usque
II
498 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
was afterwards consigned to earth in the Island of Lindisfarne, and there he was buried in the monks' cemetery. 35
Some time having elapsed, when the larger church, dedicated to the Prince of the Apostles, had been there built, Aidan's bones were translated to it. They were preserved on the right side of its altar, and with all the veneration due to so great a Prelate. 36 Some years after St. Aidan's death, Penda, King of the Mercians, came to Lindisfarne. He destroyed with fire and sword whatever came in his way ; and, with other places, the village and church where our Saint died were given to the flames. Yet, wonderful to relate ! that pillar of the church, under which our Saint rested after his death, could not be consumed. 37 The fame of this miracle caused the prop to be placed again without the walls of that new church, which was subsequently built. 38 Through some accident, the new church was again burned ; yet, that prop escaped the fire once more. A third church was built, when the pillar was placed—not, as before, without but within the building—in order to comme- morate such a miracle. Where it stood, those who entered the church desired to kneel, and to supplicate the Divine mercy. In after time, many were restored to health in the place. Even splinters removed from that beam, and put into water, furnished many with a remedy, which was effectual in the cure of various maladies.
After the death of St. Aidan, the Church in Northumbria was disturbed by the internecine wars and hostile inroads that prevailed. Oswy was greatly harassed by the pagan King Penda and by the Mercians, who had slain his brother, as also by his rebellious son, Alchfrid, or Alfred,39 and by his cousin-german, Ethel wald, the son of Oswy's brother, who had reigned before him. However, Oswy overthrew Penda, ad. 654, in a great battle fought near York. Penda was the last and most powerful upholder of Saxon heathen- dom ; and he had assailed every neighbouring kingdom 'with remorseless
over
Soon after the holy founder of Lindisfarne had been called to his
1' After his
the Mericans north of the Trent to his kingdom, and soon afterwards, he added the remainder south of that river. In the year 655, he assumed the office of Bretwalda, which, however, was disputed. 41
cruelty.
victory
Penda, Oswy
reward, the clergy and people held a meeting, with the result, that St.
2 ———
Finan* also of Scottish origin was selected to succeed him in that See. <3 II. In all things, he followed the traditions and customs of his pre- decessor, as the second bishop over the See of Lindisfarne ; but, by one Romanus,44 or Conanus/s as others name him, from Kent, Finan was visited
3s Ussher a Saxon Archbishop quotes
record, which states incorrectly, that St. Patrick, and St.
Aidan, were interred in
"
the World," vol. iv. , book i. , chap, iv. , p. 87. *3 See the First Volume of this work, at the 9th of January, his chief feast, for his Vitis," vol. iv. , Augusti xxxi. Vita S. Life, Art. ii. ; as also the Second Volume of this work, for on account of him, at Feb- ruary 17th, another day for his festival, Art.
Glastonbury. See
Britannicarum Eccle-
siarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 463.
36 "
See Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum
Aidani, cap. x. , p. 339.
» It seems, that this pillar was of wood,
and that the church itself was built of the same material. Such opinion may well be inferred from the account left us.
38 This, it seems likely, was also a wooden church.
39 He had demanded and obtained that a
part of North Umbria should be given to
xxvi.
43 See " Monasticon Anglicanum," by Sir
William Dugdale. New edition by John Caley, Esq. , F. S. A. ; Henry Ellis, LL. B. , F. R. S. , and the Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, M. A. , vol. i. , Lindisfarn, pp. 219, 220.
** He is said to have been so called,
him in sovereignty. See John Clark Rid- because he had lived beyond the sea, and
"
C'Yksi. , chap, iv. , p. 87. Rites.
annexed all the of territory
*° See Charles " Knight's
Popular History of England," vol. i. , chap, v. , p. y^.
4I See John Clark " of Ridpath's History
History of the World," vol. iv. , had been taught to observe the Roman
August 31. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 499
and importuned to relinquish the Celtic practice for the celebration of Easter. He was challenged by Romanus to a dispute on the question, which Finan did not decline ; but, the Bishop declared, also, that so long as he lived, he would admit of no alteration in regard to the Celtic discipline. Wherefore, while he ruled the See of Lindisfarne, Easter was celebrated in that manner. Having baptized Penda, the King of Mercia, he sent four missionariestohim. Theseconvertedthepeoplesubjecttohisrule.
6
whom he brought over to Christianity. 4? During his incumbency, Finan built a church at Lindisfarne of hewn rock, and this was covered with reeds. 48 In honour of the Apostle St. Peter, it was subsequently dedicated byArchbishopTheodore. Thisseemstohavebeenasolidandsubstantial building. Afterwards, Bishop Eadbert took off the thatch, and covered both walls and roof with plates—of lead. 49 St. Finan died a. d. 660, or according
1
to others, a. d. 66i. s° III. He was succeeded by St. Colman^ who ruled over
the See of Lindisfarne only for three years. Already have we related his
Besides the Mercians, he is regarded as the Apostle of the East Saxons/
with St. 2 the mode for Easter, Wilfrid^ regarding celebrating
controversy
andtheresult. 53 ColmanheldthisSeeonlyfrom661to664;54whenfaithful
to the traditions of those who had preceded him, and desirous of promoting peace, he resolved on resigning, and he left for Scotia with those monks who favouredhisopinions. OtherspreferredtoremainatLindisfarneandtoadopt the Roman discipline and usages. A part of our saint's relics were borne to Iona, by St. Colman, when he returned to Scotland S5 while he left another
; portionofthemintheparentchurchofNorthumbria. Oneofthetwelve
Anglo-Saxon boys, whom St. Aidan had trained for the ecclesiastical state,
was— appointed
of
of Lindisfarne. 56
to take the
IV. TudaorTudda57succeededas
in the overtheSee,a. d.
place
Colman,
Abbey
Bishop
reigned one year, having been carried off by the great pestilence. 58
—
at first Abbot over Mailros, now Melrose,5? succeeded Tuda, a. d. 665, as Bishop of Lindisfarne. He resigned this See in exchange for Hexham,60 in 684, and the following year, he seems to have departed this life. We are informed, that St. Aidan, being a man who loved retirement and holy poverty, preferred Lindisfarne on that account to the bustle and grandeur of York ;
45 Said to have been of Scottish birth.
46 He baptized their King Sigebert, and appointed Cedd, as Bishop over them. See his Life, at the 7th day of January, in the First Volume of this work, Art. i.
S3 See, also, Ricardus de Cirencestria, 4? See Dr. Thomas Fuller's "Church "Speculum Historiale de Gestis Regum
History of Britain," vol. i. , book ii. , cent. vii. , num. 88, p. 217. Edition of Rev. J. S. Brewer, M. A. , Oxford, 1845, 8vo.
48 Venerable Bede states, that it was suit- able for his See ; but "more Scotorum, non de lapide, sed de robore secto, —totam com-
""
posuit atque arundine texit, &c. Historia
Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. Hi. , cap. xxv. , pp. 360, 361.
Angliae," vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. xlv. , pp. 180 to 185. Edited by John E. B. Mayor, M. A. , London, 1863, 8vo.
s4 See Bishop Godwin's " De Praesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, p. 719.
5S See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints,"
vol. viii. , August xxxi.
s6 This appointment took place, at the
49 See
" of History
of St. Colman and it was himself,
Bishop Spottiswood's
the Church of Scotland," pp. 28, 29.
s° See Sir Walter Scott's " Border An-
tiquities of England and Scotland, com- Anglorum," lib. iii. , sect. 44, pp. 99, 100.
prising Specimens of the Architecture, Sculpture, and other Vestiges of former Ages, accompanied with descriptive Sketches, Biographical Remarks, and Origi- nal Poetry, vol. ii. , Lindisfarne Abbey and Holy Island Castle, Northumberland, p. 138.
Edition of Thomas Arnold, M. A.
s» See Bishop Godwin's " De Prsesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, p. 719.
59 A parish in Roxburghshire, Scotland, *> See Bishop Godwin's " De Praesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, pp. 719, 720.
;
5I See his Acts, in the present Volume, at the 8th of this month, the date for his festi- val, Art. i.
5I His feast occurs, on the 12th of October.
request
readily granted by King Oswy.
57 See Henrici Huntendunensis " Historia
664
he
but, only
V.
Eata,
5 oo LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
and that his immediate successors, Finan, Colman, Tuda and Eata were his worthy disciples, as men of humility and Christian moderation. 61 VI. —
a. d.
XV. —Eardulfwas
promoted
tothisSeea. d. s XVI. —Cuthard 854. 7
781. 7
Higbald
his
Worcester, one Eathored succeeded Egbert ;
of — of Lindisfarne other bishops by writers,
yet, he is omitted from the list
6a
63
had abdicated his See, a. d. 687, one year seems to have elapsed before his successor was consecrated bishop, and his term commenced a. d. 688. VII. —St. Ethelwald, also noticed as Edilald64 or ^Ediuald, Odilwald or Athelwald, succeeded St. Cuthbert, and practised the exercises of a solitary life in Lindisfarne before
and after he became a 65 He died a. d. 66 bishop. 698.
After the death of St. Cuthbert, by most writers it is stated, that Egbert
(VIII. ),alsocalledEadbertorEdberht,succeeded,a. d. 698. Elevenyears
afterwards, having resolved on exhuming the body of St. Cuthbert, on raising
Cuthbert succeeded a. d. 685.
After St. Cuthbert
it above the pavement of the church, the remains, with the linen shroud, were
found to be well 6?
I3 SeeSurius, " De Probatis Sanctorum Vitis," vol. iv. , Augusti xxxi. Vita S. Aidani, cap. viii. , p. 339.
"
I4 See ibid. Also Venerable Bede's His-
toria Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib.
iii. , cap. xiv.
« See Matthew of Paris, "Chronica
Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A, vol. i. , pp. 281, 282.
language
"
of time. Never before have I seen a prince humble as he is ; and hence I under- stand, that he shall soon be taken away from this life. His nation is not worthy of such a ruler. " *s In a short time afterwards, these sad presages
were fulfilled.
Restless in his rapacity, the ambitious Penda led his army northwards
against the strong citadel of Bamborough. Many, who had cognizance of the matter, related a wonderful miracle, wrought by our holy Bishop, during this period of his episcopacy. The fierce King of Mercia, as he advanced,
you say,
illustratethe and kindly
I know," replied
496 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
devastated the kingdom of Northumbria with fire and slaughter. Having come to the royal city, formerly named Bebbo,16 he found he could neither take it by force of arms nor by blockade. Penda thereupon endeavoured to set it on fire. Penda retired for a time, and brought
on waggons, which he found in the neighbourhood of that city.
In these he placed great loads of beams, logs, and wicker-walls 7 of houses ; all of these he piled up in great heaps, before the town, and
immediately near its walls. Having seized the opportunity of a wind,
blowing in a suitable direction ;
he had fire applied to those combus-
18 At this time, the
Aidan was in Fame Island, whither he often retired, tor the sake of devoting himself to prayer and holy contemplation. When Aidan saw flames and smoke arise above the walls, he is said to have raised his eyes and hands to-
tibles,
that thus he
might
burn the
city.
holy Bishop
" See, O Lord, what evil At these words, the winds blew from the city, and in the direction of those who attacked it. Many of the foe being injured, the rest
wards Heaven. Then he exclaimed, with tears
:
Penda does !
"
were seized with a panic, and ceased all further attempts, believing that the x
town had been preserved by some Almighty power. 9 Chagrined and con- founded, afterwards Penda raised the siege and led back his army.
However, Oswy could not live in peace with Oswin 2° and their ;
differences increased to such an extent, that at length open hostility was the consequence. The manner of Oswin's death is thus related. Although for six years, Oswy dared not provoke a war with the good and valiant princeoftheDeiri; yet,intheseventhyear,ambitiontemptedhimtobring their causes of disagreement to a hostile issue. On both sides armies were raised; butOswinsoonfoundheoughtnotmaintainacontestwitharival,who could bring more numerous auxiliaries to the field than was in his own power. Whereupon, he thought it better to sue for peace. Hoping for a more pros- perous result, when his army had assembled at a place, formerly called Wil-
21 Oswin disbanded, and ordered all his men to return to their own homes. Withonlyonetrustysoldier,namedTondhere,hewithdrew,and lay concealed in the house of Earl Hunwald, whom he imagined to be
fares-dun,
his most assured friend.
22
But, this thane proved to be false, and betrayed
theKingandhisguardtoOswy. Inadetestablemanner,thelattercaused
his commander Ethilwin to slay Oswin and his faithful soldier. This
happened on the 20th of August, a. d. 651, in the ninth year of his reign, and
ata called place
23 Asanatonementforthat a
crime, monastery
Ingethlingum.
was alterwards built there. In it, prayers were daily offered for the souls of both Kings ; that is, for him that was murdered, and for him that com- manded the murder to be committed. 2*
16
queen.
Bamborough.
So called from the name of a former cap. xiv. , pp. 308 to 311. «
Now
'? This gives us to understand the fragile
character of materials used in the construe-
tion of houses at that period among the
Anglo-Saxons.
ai That is Wilfar's Hill. It almost ten lay
miles distant from the village called Cata- ract, and towards the north-west,
M See ** Henrici Archidiaconi Hunten- dunensis Historia Anglorum," edited by Thomas Arnold, M. A. , lib. iii. , sect. 39, p. 95.
33 See "Matthsei Monachi Parisiensis,
Sancti Albani, Chronica Majora," edited by Henry Richards Luard, M. A. , p. 287.
** See Venerable Bedo's " Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. iii. ,
,y
siege of this place by Penda, in Rev. Dr.
See the account given regarding the
Lingard's "History chap, ii. , p. 93.
of
England,"
vol.
i. ,
'» See burius, " De Probatis Sanctorum
Vitis, vol. iv. Vita S. Aidani, 389-
10
Ecclesiastica Gentis lib. Anglorum,"
ix. ,
cap.
See Venerable Bede's "Historia cap. xiv. , pp. 310 to 313.
p.
iii. ,
as Francis Goodwin states it as Bishop
T
August 31. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 497
The holy bishop and founder of Lindisfame only survived King Oswin for
the short term of twelve 2* called to receive the crown of his days, being away
virtues, on the day before the September Calends. 26 When the time of his
departure had arrived, and having completed the seventeenth year of his 2
episcopacy, 7 Aidan chanced to be residing in the royal villa, Bebbord, not
far from the city of Bebbaborough, or Bamborough. There, he had an oratory and a chamber ; while he was wont often to go and to stay with King Oswin, as he and Aidan were linked by ties of the closest companionship. Thence, too, the saint was accustomed to make excursions, and to preach in the country round about ; and such was his habit, when he was at other country villas, belonging to the king, having nothing of his own, save the church and a few fields about it. It would seem, that the incessant labours of St. Aidan must have often tried his constitution, and brought on him fits of illness. When his last sickness came, the monks placed a tent or hut for himonthewesternsideofthechurchatLindisfame. Againstthisabeam rested for support, so that the temporary covering should adhere to its sides. The position was doubtless selected towards the mainland, as having been more sheltered from the cold winds of the east and north. When his last illness came, he was brought from his cell into the tent, and there blessed Aidan breathed forth his spirit, which he meekly resigned into the hands of his Creator. The Annals of Ulster, which are one year in arrear, record at 650 the rest of St. Aedain. 28 He died2? in the year 651, according to Venerable Bede,3° and by most writers, who follow this statement, although Bede does not exactly record the date.
As Aidan was deservedly loved whilst living, being held in veneration by
the Archbishop of Canterbury and by the bishop of the East Angles, so after
a saint. He died on the Island of Lindisfarne. 31 There too, at a subsequent time, St. Cuthbert lived. 32 When Aidan departed this life, Cuthbert was then a young man, and he saw the holy bishop's soul bornetoHeaven. 33 InVenerableBede'sLifeofSt. Cuthbert,itisrelated,that this latter saint, whilst tending his flock on the mountains, had been engaged at his prayer in the early part of that night on which St. Aidan departed. The
mountains around were illuminated by a miraculous light, while a choir of Angels conducted him towards Heaven. This vision Cuthbert afterwards related to the shepherds. On the following morning, he learned for a certainty, that the illustrious Bishop Aidan of Lindisfame had left the prison of his body for the mansions of everlasting light. 34 The body of St. Aidan
ology of Donegal," at He died, we read : " This clause is in the more recent hand and in Irish characters. "
death he was
reputed
probable, that Aidan died through grief for the death of —Oswald—but this is a
King
mistake for Oswin qui suorum perfidia
"
a—nte duodecim dies turn fuerat interemptus. "
" Historia Ecclesiastica
"De
Vitis," vol. iv. , Augustixxxi. Vita S. Aidani, cap. vii. , p. 339.
27 John Major only allows him seven
3° See Bede's
Gentis
3I For an account of this place, the reader
De Episcopis Dunelmensibus, p. 718. 26 '•
Anglise Commentarius. "
lib. xvii. iii. , cap.
Prsesulibus
Anglorum,"
See Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum is referred to that section of Gibson's
years of episcopal rule. " Septem annos
episcopatum rexit iste (Aidainus) in Anglia,
cui Finanus Scotus de eadem religione
monachus qua Aidanus successit. "— ad Annum Domini M. CCC. LXVL," a
" Historia Majoris Britannise, tarn Anglio quam Scotico," lib. ii. , cap. xi. , fol. xxxiii.
a8 Thus :—"Quies Aedain Episcopi Sax-
Monacho quodam Malmesburiensi exara-
turn, &c, vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. lxxiv. , p. 215. Edited by Frank Scott Haydon, B. A. Lon-
don, 1858, 8vo.
3* See Bede's " Vita S. Cuthberti," cap. iv.
onum. "
'-9 In a note
by
Dr. Todd to the "
Martyr-
Camden's "Britannia," headed
"
Insulse Britannise," p. 856, of the London edition,
1607.
** Set ibid. Introduction, p. xlvi.
» See "Eulogium (Historiarum sive Tem-
poris) : Chronicon ab Orbe condito usque
II
498 LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
was afterwards consigned to earth in the Island of Lindisfarne, and there he was buried in the monks' cemetery. 35
Some time having elapsed, when the larger church, dedicated to the Prince of the Apostles, had been there built, Aidan's bones were translated to it. They were preserved on the right side of its altar, and with all the veneration due to so great a Prelate. 36 Some years after St. Aidan's death, Penda, King of the Mercians, came to Lindisfarne. He destroyed with fire and sword whatever came in his way ; and, with other places, the village and church where our Saint died were given to the flames. Yet, wonderful to relate ! that pillar of the church, under which our Saint rested after his death, could not be consumed. 37 The fame of this miracle caused the prop to be placed again without the walls of that new church, which was subsequently built. 38 Through some accident, the new church was again burned ; yet, that prop escaped the fire once more. A third church was built, when the pillar was placed—not, as before, without but within the building—in order to comme- morate such a miracle. Where it stood, those who entered the church desired to kneel, and to supplicate the Divine mercy. In after time, many were restored to health in the place. Even splinters removed from that beam, and put into water, furnished many with a remedy, which was effectual in the cure of various maladies.
After the death of St. Aidan, the Church in Northumbria was disturbed by the internecine wars and hostile inroads that prevailed. Oswy was greatly harassed by the pagan King Penda and by the Mercians, who had slain his brother, as also by his rebellious son, Alchfrid, or Alfred,39 and by his cousin-german, Ethel wald, the son of Oswy's brother, who had reigned before him. However, Oswy overthrew Penda, ad. 654, in a great battle fought near York. Penda was the last and most powerful upholder of Saxon heathen- dom ; and he had assailed every neighbouring kingdom 'with remorseless
over
Soon after the holy founder of Lindisfarne had been called to his
1' After his
the Mericans north of the Trent to his kingdom, and soon afterwards, he added the remainder south of that river. In the year 655, he assumed the office of Bretwalda, which, however, was disputed. 41
cruelty.
victory
Penda, Oswy
reward, the clergy and people held a meeting, with the result, that St.
2 ———
Finan* also of Scottish origin was selected to succeed him in that See. <3 II. In all things, he followed the traditions and customs of his pre- decessor, as the second bishop over the See of Lindisfarne ; but, by one Romanus,44 or Conanus/s as others name him, from Kent, Finan was visited
3s Ussher a Saxon Archbishop quotes
record, which states incorrectly, that St. Patrick, and St.
Aidan, were interred in
"
the World," vol. iv. , book i. , chap, iv. , p. 87. *3 See the First Volume of this work, at the 9th of January, his chief feast, for his Vitis," vol. iv. , Augusti xxxi. Vita S. Life, Art. ii. ; as also the Second Volume of this work, for on account of him, at Feb- ruary 17th, another day for his festival, Art.
Glastonbury. See
Britannicarum Eccle-
siarum Antiquitates," cap. xvii. , p. 463.
36 "
See Surius, De Probatis Sanctorum
Aidani, cap. x. , p. 339.
» It seems, that this pillar was of wood,
and that the church itself was built of the same material. Such opinion may well be inferred from the account left us.
38 This, it seems likely, was also a wooden church.
39 He had demanded and obtained that a
part of North Umbria should be given to
xxvi.
43 See " Monasticon Anglicanum," by Sir
William Dugdale. New edition by John Caley, Esq. , F. S. A. ; Henry Ellis, LL. B. , F. R. S. , and the Rev. Bulkeley Bandinel, M. A. , vol. i. , Lindisfarn, pp. 219, 220.
** He is said to have been so called,
him in sovereignty. See John Clark Rid- because he had lived beyond the sea, and
"
C'Yksi. , chap, iv. , p. 87. Rites.
annexed all the of territory
*° See Charles " Knight's
Popular History of England," vol. i. , chap, v. , p. y^.
4I See John Clark " of Ridpath's History
History of the World," vol. iv. , had been taught to observe the Roman
August 31. ] LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. 499
and importuned to relinquish the Celtic practice for the celebration of Easter. He was challenged by Romanus to a dispute on the question, which Finan did not decline ; but, the Bishop declared, also, that so long as he lived, he would admit of no alteration in regard to the Celtic discipline. Wherefore, while he ruled the See of Lindisfarne, Easter was celebrated in that manner. Having baptized Penda, the King of Mercia, he sent four missionariestohim. Theseconvertedthepeoplesubjecttohisrule.
6
whom he brought over to Christianity. 4? During his incumbency, Finan built a church at Lindisfarne of hewn rock, and this was covered with reeds. 48 In honour of the Apostle St. Peter, it was subsequently dedicated byArchbishopTheodore. Thisseemstohavebeenasolidandsubstantial building. Afterwards, Bishop Eadbert took off the thatch, and covered both walls and roof with plates—of lead. 49 St. Finan died a. d. 660, or according
1
to others, a. d. 66i. s° III. He was succeeded by St. Colman^ who ruled over
the See of Lindisfarne only for three years. Already have we related his
Besides the Mercians, he is regarded as the Apostle of the East Saxons/
with St. 2 the mode for Easter, Wilfrid^ regarding celebrating
controversy
andtheresult. 53 ColmanheldthisSeeonlyfrom661to664;54whenfaithful
to the traditions of those who had preceded him, and desirous of promoting peace, he resolved on resigning, and he left for Scotia with those monks who favouredhisopinions. OtherspreferredtoremainatLindisfarneandtoadopt the Roman discipline and usages. A part of our saint's relics were borne to Iona, by St. Colman, when he returned to Scotland S5 while he left another
; portionofthemintheparentchurchofNorthumbria. Oneofthetwelve
Anglo-Saxon boys, whom St. Aidan had trained for the ecclesiastical state,
was— appointed
of
of Lindisfarne. 56
to take the
IV. TudaorTudda57succeededas
in the overtheSee,a. d.
place
Colman,
Abbey
Bishop
reigned one year, having been carried off by the great pestilence. 58
—
at first Abbot over Mailros, now Melrose,5? succeeded Tuda, a. d. 665, as Bishop of Lindisfarne. He resigned this See in exchange for Hexham,60 in 684, and the following year, he seems to have departed this life. We are informed, that St. Aidan, being a man who loved retirement and holy poverty, preferred Lindisfarne on that account to the bustle and grandeur of York ;
45 Said to have been of Scottish birth.
46 He baptized their King Sigebert, and appointed Cedd, as Bishop over them. See his Life, at the 7th day of January, in the First Volume of this work, Art. i.
S3 See, also, Ricardus de Cirencestria, 4? See Dr. Thomas Fuller's "Church "Speculum Historiale de Gestis Regum
History of Britain," vol. i. , book ii. , cent. vii. , num. 88, p. 217. Edition of Rev. J. S. Brewer, M. A. , Oxford, 1845, 8vo.
48 Venerable Bede states, that it was suit- able for his See ; but "more Scotorum, non de lapide, sed de robore secto, —totam com-
""
posuit atque arundine texit, &c. Historia
Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum," lib. Hi. , cap. xxv. , pp. 360, 361.
Angliae," vol. i. , lib. ii. , cap. xlv. , pp. 180 to 185. Edited by John E. B. Mayor, M. A. , London, 1863, 8vo.
s4 See Bishop Godwin's " De Praesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, p. 719.
5S See Rev. Alban Butler's " Lives of the Fathers, Martyrs and other principal Saints,"
vol. viii. , August xxxi.
s6 This appointment took place, at the
49 See
" of History
of St. Colman and it was himself,
Bishop Spottiswood's
the Church of Scotland," pp. 28, 29.
s° See Sir Walter Scott's " Border An-
tiquities of England and Scotland, com- Anglorum," lib. iii. , sect. 44, pp. 99, 100.
prising Specimens of the Architecture, Sculpture, and other Vestiges of former Ages, accompanied with descriptive Sketches, Biographical Remarks, and Origi- nal Poetry, vol. ii. , Lindisfarne Abbey and Holy Island Castle, Northumberland, p. 138.
Edition of Thomas Arnold, M. A.
s» See Bishop Godwin's " De Prsesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, p. 719.
59 A parish in Roxburghshire, Scotland, *> See Bishop Godwin's " De Praesulibus
Angliae Commentarius," &c, pp. 719, 720.
;
5I See his Acts, in the present Volume, at the 8th of this month, the date for his festi- val, Art. i.
5I His feast occurs, on the 12th of October.
request
readily granted by King Oswy.
57 See Henrici Huntendunensis " Historia
664
he
but, only
V.
Eata,
5 oo LIVES OF THE IRISH SAINTS. [August 31.
and that his immediate successors, Finan, Colman, Tuda and Eata were his worthy disciples, as men of humility and Christian moderation. 61 VI. —
a. d.
XV. —Eardulfwas
promoted
tothisSeea. d. s XVI. —Cuthard 854. 7
781. 7
Higbald
his
Worcester, one Eathored succeeded Egbert ;
of — of Lindisfarne other bishops by writers,
yet, he is omitted from the list
6a
63
had abdicated his See, a. d. 687, one year seems to have elapsed before his successor was consecrated bishop, and his term commenced a. d. 688. VII. —St. Ethelwald, also noticed as Edilald64 or ^Ediuald, Odilwald or Athelwald, succeeded St. Cuthbert, and practised the exercises of a solitary life in Lindisfarne before
and after he became a 65 He died a. d. 66 bishop. 698.
After the death of St. Cuthbert, by most writers it is stated, that Egbert
(VIII. ),alsocalledEadbertorEdberht,succeeded,a. d. 698. Elevenyears
afterwards, having resolved on exhuming the body of St. Cuthbert, on raising
Cuthbert succeeded a. d. 685.
After St. Cuthbert
it above the pavement of the church, the remains, with the linen shroud, were
found to be well 6?
