No More Learning

Graine, the daughter of Flaherty O’Rourke, died.
Teige Oge, the son of Teige Roe Mac Dermott Gall, lord of Airteach, died after the festival of St. Michael, in the house of the friars at Roscommon, and was interred in the monastery.
The church of Inismore on Lough Gil (in Sligo), was burned, in which were destroyed the
Mac Jordan Dexeter, with his kinsmen, made
an attack on the sons of John O’Hara; and manuscripts of O'Cuirnin; the Leabhar Gearr (or
O'Hara himself, with Torlogh Carrach, son of
Donal, the son of Murtogh O'Conor, and the other precious articles.
cavalry of Carbury (in Sligo), were met by the
James, the son of Richard Bermingham, died.
John Mac Costello having gone on a predatory excursion against Edmond of the Plain, committed of Murtagh O'Conor, together with the son of great plunder, and slew himself with a javelin, after
advanced party of Mac Jordan's forces, who slew O’Hara and wounded Manus, son of Donogh, son
Hugh Mac Donogh, and Torlogh Carrach, the son of Donal (O'Conor); Mac Jordan, after that, plundered the district, but the people of the entire country having collected together, pursued them,
having secured the prey.
John O'Cannavan, parson of Tir Fiachra of the Moy (in Sligo), died.
Felim, son of Hugh O'Conor, was slain by the
and Mac Jordan was defeated and slain; and sons of O'Conor Don.
Hugh O’Ruadhain, with O’Ruadhain himself; the two sons of Thomas, son of Myler; and Mac Duarcain, lord of Cul Aneiridh (in Mayo), were also slain, with many others.
Edmond Burke committed great depredations on Bermingham (in Galway), whom he took
prisoner, and confined in the town of Lough Mask.
Short Book) of the O'Cuirnins, together with many
216 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1417-18.
Thomas, the son Mac Maurice Kerry, was slain by James, the son the earl Desmond.
Mathew, son Cuchonacht O'Ferrall, lord of Meath, and took from them much property, in Moy Treagha (in Longford), died.
O'Donnell and Bryan O'Conor made a peace with each other. -
O'Conor Faily gave a great defeat to the English
cluding horses, accoutrements, and also prisoners. A great number of Saxons came to Ireland.
Mac Murrogh defeated the English of Condae
Cormac Ballach, son Fergal, son Cucho nacht O'Ferrall, was slain the English.
great contest arose between O’Neill and the Riavach (Wexford), and having slain and taken Tirconnellians; O’Neill made nocturnal attack
prisoners seventeen score of them (340), they made peace with him on the following day.
A. D. 1417.
the camp Naghtan O’Donnell Carn Glass, between Raphoe and Donoghmore, and, having surprised the persons there their sleep, they took from them twenty horses, obtained great booty, including arms, armour, and clothing, and slew and took prisoners eleven them and
Art Cavenagh, king of Leinster,' the son of
Art, son of Murtogh, son of Maurice, lord of Lein Naghtan himself escaped by his valour, feats
ster, a man who defended his province against
the English and Irish, from the age of sixteen to his 60th year; a man distinguished for his hospi tality, knowledge, and feats of arms; a man full of prosperity and royalty; a founder of churches and monasteries by his bounty and contributions, died, after having been forty-two years in the go vernment of Leinster, on the 7th day after Christ mas; some state that it was by drinking a poison
arms, and intrepidity.
Una, daughter Donal O’Neill, the wife
Niall Oge O'Neill, died.
great war broke out Leinster between the
English and the Irish.
A. D. 1418.
The bishop O’Driscoll and Mac Con O’Dris ous draught, which a woman gave him at Ross coll, his brother, lord Corca Laighe Cork),
Mac Briuin, and also to O’Doran, the Brehon of
Leinster, that both died; Donogh his son suc
ceeded him in the government.
Master John, parson of Devenish, died.
and Dermod, the son Mac Carthy Cluaisidh, tanist Hy Cairpre (Carbery, Cork), died.
Niall O'Donnell committed great depredations and plunder O’Neill, and expelled him across
Dermod Lamhdearg (the Red-handed) son of
Art Cavenagh, the son of the king of Leinster, Antrim).
died.
Roderick, the O’Dowd, son of Donal, son of
Bryan, son of Taichleach O’Dowd, the fountain
of prosperity and wealth of Hy Fiachra Sligo),
died own town the festival Bridget,
within month spring, and was succeeded
Teige Riavach his brother. was during the
time this Teige, that the Book Oiris Leacan was written.
Roderick, son Murrogh O'Flaherty, Rode
rick, son Dermod Duv O'Flaherty, together with O'Conor, man who never refused any person
sixteen the O'Flahertys, were drowned coast Umalia (in Mayo).
the
request which lay his power, died, and was in terred Roscommon.
year 1399; the place his death mentioned Ross Mac
A. D. 1417.
Art Cavenagh, king Leinster, here mentioned, was the
Briuin, now Old Ross, the county Wexford, which was also celebrated warrior Art Mac Murrogh O'Cavenagh, whose ex called Ross Mac Treoin, and where the Mac Murroghs, kings
ploits his contests with the English forces, under king Richard Leinster, had one their castles those times. II. , account has been given note these Annals, the
the Bann, eastward Mac Quillan's country
Lord Furnival committed great depredations Hugh, the son Art Mac Gennis, lord Iveagh,
Ulidia; Mac Gennis (that Hugh) and the son O’Neill Buidhe pursued the English they were carrying away the plunder, and defeated
them after they had left the booty behind them, and immense number the English were slain and taken prisoners by Mac Gennis that occasion.
Bryan Ballach, son Hugh, son Felim
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REIGN OF HENRY V. 217
Owen, son of Tiarnan More O’Rourke, tanist Teige, that is the Mac Clancy, son of Cathal, of Brefney, was drowned after Christmas, while son of Teige, chief of Dartry (in Leitrim), died a returning from Inis-na-dTorc, on Lough Fionn fortnight after he had entered the monastic order, mhaighe (in Leitrim), whither he had gone on a visit and his son Cathal succeeded him.
to his father, who was then on his death bed. Richard, son of Thomas O’Reilly, lord of East
Tiarnan More, son of Ualgarg O’Rourke, lord Brefney (Cavan), was drowned in Lough Shilean, of Brefney, the bravest and most valiant man of together with Owen O’Reilly, his son; Philip, the the race of Hy Briune, a man who wrested his es son of Gillaisa Mac Caffrey, dean of Dromlane, tates from his enemies by the force of arms, and vicar of Eanach Garv (Annagh or Annageliffe, died at an advanced age on the festival of St. diocese of Kilmore), and many other persons of Bridget, and was buried in the monastery of note; but Fiongualla, daughter of Mac Rannall,
Sligo, and Hugh Buidhe O’Rourke succeeded his father.
Leinster. —In this article, and in succeeding notes, will be given
the history and topography of Leinster. At A. D. 1363, in these
annals, have beenshewn the ancient divisions of Ireland into five
provinces or kingdoms, and the boundaries of each. The ancient
kindom of Leinster comprised the present counties of Wexford,
Wicklow, Carlow, and Queen's county, the greater part of Kil placed ancient Leinster, according our old annalists and to
pographers.
kenny, King's county, and Kildare, and that part of Dublin
south of the river Liffey. Parts of Kilkenny, bordering on Tip
perary, and the southern parts of the King's county, belonged to
ancient Munster, and some of the northern part of the King's
county belonged to the province of Meath. The above-named ter
ritories continued to be the limits of Leinster down to the reign of
Elizabeth, as may be seen in Spenser's View of Ireland, but in
after times the old kingdom of Meath was added to Leinster, and
also the county of Louth, which was part of the ancient king named Slainge, the son Dela, place called after him, In dom of Ulster.
Leinster in early times was called Gaillian or Coige Gaillian,
and got its name, as stated in O'Conor's Dissertations, and in Keat
ing, from being possessed the tribe Firbolgs called Fir Connaught, and are called O'Flaherty and other writers Fir Gaillian, signifying Spear-men, but afterwards got the name Domnians and Damnonians; and the Fir-Gaillian, signifying
Laighean from the following circumstance:—Nearly three cen spearmen, who possessed Leinster; they are placed Charles turies before the Christian era, Labhra Loingseach, Lavra O'Conor's Map Ancient Ireland, the counties Wexford, the ships, Irish prince, having been banished Gaul, became Wicklow, and Carlow, under the name Galenii, Galenians,
commander the forces the king that country, and after under which name they are also mentioned O'Flaherty's Ogy wards led army 2200 Gauls Ireland, for the recovery gia. Our old annalists represent the Firbolg race Scy the crown. He landed the place afterwards called Lough thians, and the name considered O’Brien, his Dictionary, Garman, now the bay Wexford, and proceeded Dinnrigh,
ancient fortress the kings Leinster, which was situated
near the river Barrow, between Carlow and Leighlin, and there
put death Cobhthach Caolbreagh, the king who had usurped the
throne, and became himself monarch Ireland. The Gaulish been colony the Belgae, from the northern parts Gaul
troops brought over Lavra were armed with green broad-headed spears, called Laighin, which were introduced amongst all the forces the province, hence got the name Coige Laighean,
the province the Spears, and from Laighean, pronounced Laen, has been formed the word Leinster.
Belgium, and adjoining parts Germany, which country was called Caesar, and other Roman writers, Gallia Belgica. These Belgians were the most warlike nation Gaul, whom the Ro man armies, under Caesar, found very difficult conquer, and whose different tribes, the Belloraci, Menapii, Atrebates, and Remii, interesting accounts are given Caesar's Commentaries.
Hy Kinsealach and Cualann. —Under this head will
given the history and topography the ancient territories com The Belgians Gaul are considered have beenCelts Celto-Scy prised the present counties Wexford, Wicklow, and Carlow, thians, and have spoken dialect the Celtic tongue, which
was also the language the Firbolg Belgians Ireland. The Belgians Gaul, early times, also colonised the southern parts Britain, and when the Romans, under Caesar, invaded Britain, they found the whole southern coast, from Suffolk Devonshire, occupied Belgic tribes, the Cantii, Kent, the Trinobantes
Essex and Middlesex, the Regni and Atrebates Surrey, Sussex, Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Somerset, and the Damnonii Devonshire; the capital city the British Belgians was Venta Belgarum, now Winchester. According various antiquaries, tory now forming the county Wicklow, and name was de the Belgians who settled Ireland are said have come from Britain the first century, having fled this island when Bri tain was conquered the Romans; but though some the Bri tish Belgians may have come Ireland this time, our
with their chiefs and clans, and the possessions each ancient and modern times, collected from the various works already enu
merated the notes The extensive territory Eana Cinsealach, king
Thomond, Desmond, Ormond, and Desies.
Hy Kinselach derived its name from Leinster, the fourth century, and
comprised the present counties Wexford and Carlow, with some adjoining parts Wicklow, Kilkenny, and Queen's county.
Cuala, Cualan, Crioch Cualan, that the country Cua lan, was the designation the greater part the ancient terri
rived from Cuala, one the sons Breogan, who was one the commanders the Milesian colony from Spain, and took pos session this country, which was called after him Sliabh Cualan,
the wife of O’Reilly, escaped being drowned, by her expertness in swimming.
the Mountain Cuala; and mentioned that two fortresses the territory Cualan were erected the Milesians, one
Turlogh Invear More, now called Arklow, by Amergin, and the other Seaghda, Dun Deilinis, now Delgany.
Ancient inhabitants Leinster —There are various colonies
The Belgians. —The colony called our old Irish writers Fir-Bolg, Viri Belgici, men Belgium, whom ac
count has been already given the notes North and South Connaught, Thomond, and Desmond, are stated have been
Scythians, and have sailed Ireland from Greece, and have landed with large force Connaught, Erris, Mayo, and
another body them landed under one their commanders
bhear Slainge, now the Bay Wexford, from which the river Slaney also derived its name. The Fir-Bolg were divided into two great tribes, namely, the Fir-Domhnan, who possessed
the word Bolg, derived from Fear, man, and bolg, quiver, consequence their being armed chiefly with bows and
arrows, and may observed that the Scythians were famous archers. The Firholg are considered by various writers have
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218 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1418.
The Caislean Beag (or small castle), was erected castle, and burned the church Cuil Siline on by William O’Kelly, in the space of fifteen days, that occasion.
at Roscommon, opposite the great castle, in spite Lasarina, daughter Cathal, son Hugh Bres of the English and Irish Connaught who op mach (O'Conor), the wife Malachy, son
posed him, and who aided the sons O'Conor, the summer this year. The sons Donal, the son
Torlogh
Flaherty O’Rourke, died.
peace was concluded by the Clan Donogh
(O'Conors) with each other, long Mac Donogh O'Conor should continue their lord.
great war arose between the son O’Neill Routes (in the county Antrim).
Murtogh O'Conor, and the Clan Donogh (O'Conors),
Donal, son Malachy, the son Maurice Mac Donogh, died his own house.
marched with great force demolish the
small castle, and did not halt until they pitched
their camp around every direction; however,
they got advantage by that, for the castle Claneboy and the Albanaigh (Scots), and the was bravely defended; and when they could not English Ulidia (county Down), and the succeed, they put provisions into the great
ancient annalists agree their accounts the Firbolg having arrived Ireland many centuries previous that period, and far back thousand years before the Christian era.
The Tuath De Daman colony, whom an account has been given the notes North and South Connaught, having con quered the Firbolgs Belgians, became possessors the country;
but the Danans themselves were conquered the Milesians, who became masters of Ireland.
The Brigantes. —In the Map Ancient Ireland, Ptolemy, the Greek geographer the second century, given Ware, and according various other geographers, the Brigantes are placed inhabiting the territories Leinster and Munster now forming the counties Wexford, Waterford, Tipperary, Kilkenny, Carlow, and Queen's county and according the old English geographers, Richard Cirencester and Camden, these Brigantes fled for refuge, the first century, from the north England, Yorkshire, Ireland, from the Romans, their invasion Bri tain; but though some these British Brigantes might have fled
Ireland that period, their arrival Ireland was many centu ries before that time, according our ancient annalists. The Irish Brigantes, according our old writers, originally came from Brigantia, Spain, and were the same stock the Milesians;
Caspian seas. The Brigantes, both Ireland and Britain, being Celts, Celto-Scythians, spoke dialect the Celtic language. The Picts, called the Irish writers Cruithnidh, Cruithne, which signifies painted men, are stated the Psalter Cashel,
according Keating and others, have come Ireland from Thrace, the reign Heremon, nearly thousand years before the Christian era, and have landed Inverslainge, now the bay
Wexford, under two chief commanders, Gud and Cathluan; but not being permitted settle Ireland, they sailed North Britain, and took possession the country afterwards called Ca ledonia the Romans, now Scotland, over which the Pictish kings ruled for many centuries, till conquered the Milesian co lonies from Ireland under Cairbre Riada and his successors, from the third the seventh centuries, and from these colonies were
rather, branch that colony, being the descendants Breo
gain, grandfather Milesius. This Breogain was king Spain,
and celebrated warrior, and his sons came commanders the
Milesian expedition Ireland along with Heber, Heremon, and
the other sons Milesius, and the posterity Breogain got
the name Clanna Breogain, signifying the descendants Breo The Picts Britain are celebrated history their wars with
gain, and Latinized Brigantes. The Clanna Breogain are men
tioned by different writers under the name Ithians, descend
ants Ith, the son Breogain, and are also called Lugadii,
Lugadians, from Lugaidh, the son Ith. An account the
chief families the Clanna Breogain, Ithians, has beengiven
the notes on Thomond and Desmond. According our old
writers, great numbers the Tuath Danan, Firbolg, Clanna den and other antiquaries, were colony the Menapii from Bel
Breogain, and Picts, were expelled from Ireland by the Milesians the early ages, and settled various parts Britain. The British Brigantes possessedthe northern parts England, now the counties York, Lancaster, Cumberland, Westmoreland, and
gic Gaul. The city Menapia, the map Ptolemy, consi
dered have been the place afterwards called Wexford; probably, stated Fraser's Survey Wexford, Menapia was the ancient city Ferns. The celebrated Carausius, Menapian, who the third century became Roman emperor Britain,
Durham, and were celebrated for their valour and resistance the
Romans. The origin the Brigantes Ireland and Britain, considered Usher, Ware, Camden, and other antiquaries
many other ancient people, has puzzled antiquaries; some whom are opinion that the Brigantes came from Spain, and were Phenician origin; but the learned Baxter, his Glos sary British Antiquities, considers that the Brigantes cameori ginally from Phrygia and Armenia, and passed into Thrace and other parts Europe, which seems partly coincide with the old Irish writers, according whose accounts the Milesians and Clan na Breogain Spain were Scythian origin, and came from those parts the borders Europe and Asia, between the Euxine and
have been native the city Menapia Ireland, the Roman writers state that he was citizen Menapia. He was trained up from his youth naval expeditions, and was man extraor dinary military abilities and bravery entered into the Roman army Britain the reign the Roman emperors Diocletian and Maximian, and was appointed commander-in-chief their fleets
the northern seas, bring under subjection the Franks, Saxons, and Scandinavians, who attacked the Roman settlements Gaul and Britain. Carausius having conquered these pirates, he at
like that
colony early times, Down and Antrim, where they resided many centuries under their own
descended the Scottish kings, and the house Stuart. the Picts from North Britain settled Ulster
chiefly that part called Dalaradia, the counties
princes and chiefs, mixed intermarriages with the old Milesian tribes the race Ir, called Irians, Clanna Rory. The vene rable Bede states that the Picts came Ireland from Scythia and Pinkerton, and others are similar opinion, that they were Goths Scandinavians, Scythian origin, and that their language was dialect the Teutonic. The Picts also, according our Irish annalists, their progress Ireland, settled colony Gaul, the country called from them Pictavia, the province Poitou, and from them are descended the Wendeans France.
the Romans.
The Menapians, whom account has been given the notes Ormond and Desies, are placed Ptolemy's Map An cient Ireland Ware, under the name Menapii, inhabitants
the second century the territories now forming the counties Waterford and Wexford. These Menapians, according Cam
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Niall Oge, presumptive prince Owen went solicit the friendship
tained such great power and popularity, that
sumed the Purple, and declared himself Roman emperor Britain, and having defeated the forces the emperor Maximian several naval engagements, Maximian was compelled acknowledge him
his associate the empire, and there are still extant several coins Carausius, Roman emperor Britain. After reign about ten years, Carausius, whose power became obnoxious the Roman emperors, was slain through their influence by Alectus, who becamechief commander Britain.
REIGN OF HENRY V. 219
UGH O'Fla
that Torlogh, and entered into amicable ar rangements with him, after which Owen mustered very great force march into Tyrone, and
being joined Bryan MacMahon, lord Orgiall (Monaghan), and Thomas Mac Guire, lord Fermanagh, they assembled one place meet Torlogh (O’Donnell), and they then proceeded
nagan, prior of into Tyrone, plundered the entire the country, Lisgoole (Fer and expelled O'Neill disgrace from Tyrone;
managh), died. John Mac Cormac, bish
op of Raphoe, died.
A great con
test arose be and they spoiled the entire
tween O’Neill, gal) from Ath-na-ngall, far Ballyshannon, that Donal, including hay, corn, and dwellings, and burned the son of Hen Murbhach, the fortress O’Donnell, during the
Tyrone; O'Donnell,
the son Murtogh, and his men returned their homes.
Ancient history of Leinster. —Our old annalists state that the Milesians having attempted land Inver Slaney, the Haven Wexford, the Tuath De Danans assembled their forces and prevented them but after the Danans were conquered, Heremon,
the first Milesian monarch Ireland, bestowed the kingdom Leinster Criomthan Sciathbel, Firbolg prince, reward
for the assistance given the Milesians by the Firbolg against the Danans. Heremon erected fortress, royal residence, Airgiod Ros, called also Rath Beathaidh, on the banks the
A. D. 288, as
The Gaulish colony Leinster. —As already shewn the river Feoir, Ossory, now the Nore, the county Kilkenny; preceding part this article, Irish prince named Labhra and died Rath Beathaidh, and was buried there;
Loingseach, the third century before the Christian era, being banished into Gaul, came from thence Ireland, with force
this place still known Rathbeagh, and situated within five miles Kilkenny. The Milesians the race Heremon after wards ruled kings Leinster, and many princes the Here
two thousand two hundred Gaulish auxiliaries, and landed the
bay now called Wexford. This place, stated Charles monians Leinster also becamemonarchs Ireland. Sedna,
O'Conor's Dissertations, was called Loch Garman, name which was afterwards applied the whole the territory now form ing the county Wexford, from this colony, who settled there, and were called Garmans, having come from the northern parts Germany, adjoining Gaul, and are considered by O'Conor
the race Heremon, was king Leinster about five centuries be fore the Christian era, and said have founded royal city Rath Mine, supposed Rathmines, near Dublin. Ugaine Mor, Hugony the Great, celebrated monarch Ireland, about three centuries before the Christian era, was of the Here monians Leinster, and from his posterity sprung the chief fami lies that province. Labhra Loingseach, already mentioned the former part this article, and Fergus Fortamhuil, Fergus the Strong, called from his exceeding great strength body,
and the grandson Fergus, called Criomthan Cosgrach, Crim than the Victorious, who styled champion the Heremonians
Leinster, were all monarchs Ireland, the third and second centuries before the Christian era. short time before the
Christian era, Eochaidh Feidhlioch, monarch Ireland, the race Heremon, dividing Ireland into five provinces, appointed
have been the same people the Menapians.
The Caucians-A tribe colony called Cauci, are placed
Ptolemy's Map Ireland, the territories now forming the
counties Wicklow and Kildare, and considered Ware and others have been colony Belgians Germans, the same the Chauci Northern Germany.
The Danish colonies Leinster. —The Danes being, the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, possession Dublin, and
various parts Wexford and Wicklow, many the inhabitants of those counties are of Danish descent.
The Anglo-Saxon colony Weaford. —The English soldiers prince his own race, named Rossa Ruadh, Ross the Red,
who came over with Strongbow, Hervey
others, the reign Henry II. , allies
rogh, king Leinster, got possession
and Bargie, where their descendants remain this day, un
king Leinster; this Ross was married Magach, princess
the Firbolg race, by whom he had son, called Cairbre Nia fear, Carbre the Warrior, who became king Leinster; and
stated that the Firbolg Belgians had extensive tracts land under him tenants, but that he exacted such ercessive rents from them that they were forced give up their farms and remove into Connaught, where they obtained lands from
mixed with the natives, and speak their ancient language, lect the Anglo-Saxon, which specimens are given lancy, and Fraser's Survey Wexford.
dia Val
Monte Marisco and Dermod Mac Mur the baronies Forth
they then made excursions among the English beyond the Bann, and plundered the son O’Neill
Claneboy, the Glynes (in Antrim).
Bryan O'Conor marched very great force
the men North Connaught, with many the
English, the request and
invitation O’Neill, Tir Hugh (in Done
Aimhreidh,
and Owen, son after which Bryan, the son Donal (O'Conor),
time that O’Donnell was with his forces
Tyrone,
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220 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1419.
Hugh Buidhe O’Rourke, who was lord of Bres Teige O'Rourke was elected his successor by the ney for the space of one year and a half, died, and O’Rourkes from Slieve-an-Iarain westward, while
Oilioll and Meva, then king and queen of that province. This wards monarch Ireland, the second century; died Cairbre Niafear was married to Feidhlimia, daughter of Concovar 177, and divided his great possessions amongst his thirty sons.
Mac Neasa, the celebrated king of Ulster. Finn, the poet, ano His will, very curious and interesting document,
ther son of Ross the Red, became progenitor of the kings of O'Halloran and other historians from the Book
Leinster; and his descendants, Cu-corb, or the hero of the chariot; Mogh-corb, or the chief of the chariot, and Nia-corb, or the
warrior of the chariot, were all kings of Leinster in the first century ; and Messincorb, or the courageous chief of the chariot,
a prince of the same race, whose descendants were called Dal
Messincorb, founded the powerful family of Messincorbians, wheh
produced several eminent men, mentioned by O'Flaherty and Wicklow and Dublin,and dominion over the Gaileangas Galenians, others, and had a large territory in the now county of Wexford;
and Messincorb had a grandson called Garcon, whose descendants
possessed an extensive territory along the coast, in the present
counties of Wexford and Wicklow, called Hy-Garchon; and this and 50 rings pure gold; his third son, Breasal, left seven district is remarkable in ancient history, as connected with the ships, four-horsed chariots, shields embossed with gold and mission of Palladius, and of St. Patrick, in Ireland, whose pro silver, and golden-hilted swords, together with the lands the gress was opposed by Nathi, a Pagan prince of Hy-Garchon, of banks the river Amergin, and dominion over the inhabitants—(the
which an account may be seen in Lanigan's Ecclesiastical His river Amergin supposed
tory. low); his fourth son, Cetach,
The Leinster Tributes. —In the second century, Eochy Ain left his backgammon-tables;
the Avonmore, Ovoca, Wick left lands; his son Oilioll Crimthan he left 50 playing-balls
cheann, king of Leinster, was married to a daughter of Tuathal
Teachtmar, the celebrated monarch of Ireland, and having caused
the death of his queen, and of her sister, by his cruel treatment,
the indignant monarch, Tuathal, invaded Leinster, and brought Wexford, also large vessels made red yew, 50 drinking
Eochy under subjection, and levied on the province an eraic or
fine, to be paid every second year to the succeeding monarchs of
Ireland, consisting of three thousand cows, three thousand sheep,
three thousand hogs, three thousand copper cauldrons, three
thousand inantles, and three thousand ounces of silver. This fine
was called Boroimhe Laighean, signifying the tribute of Lein calves coupled pairs, with brazen yokes, 100 shields, 100 swords, ster, and is mentioned by various writers, under the name of the
Boromean, or Boarian tribute, as the word Boroimhe signifies a tribute of cattle. This tribute was seldom paid voluntarily, but enforced by the monarchs, at the head of powerful armies, and
in its exaction were fought many of the bloodiest battles recorded
in Irish history. It was continued during the reigns of forty 100 shields, 100 swords, 100 spears, and spotted standards. As monarchs, for a period of more than five hundred years, namely, the golden ornaments, swords, shields, &c. mentioned this from the second to nearly the eighth century, when it was abo will, appears that such articles were great abundance Ire
lished through the influence of St. Moling, bishop of Ferns, A. D. 675, in the reign of Fionachta, monarch of Ireland, though an attempt at its recovery was made, A. D. 722, by Feargal, a succeeding monarch.
land the early ages, sufficiently demonstrated the fact,
that various parts the country have been found, bogs, ram parts, and ancient fortresses, golden crowns, worn ancient kings and queens, torques, golden collars, golden gorgets and brace lets, crescents, large hollow golden balls, fibulae, breast-pins brooches, golden-hilted swords, golden goblets, and variety other ornaments, the uses which are unknown the present
The Tribute of Eidirsceol. -A short time before the Christian
era, Eidirsceol, of the race of the Clama Deaga of Munster, a
branch of the Heremonians of Ulster, was monarch of Ireland,
and having been killed by the people of Leinster, Conaire Mor, day; some these articles were from half pound two pounds or Conary the Great, his son, who succeeded as monarch of Ire weight, and many them are still seen museumsand private land, levied as a punishment for the death of his father, on the pro collections, but vast quantities these interesting antiquities have
vince of Leinster, a tribute called Eiric-wi-Eidirsceoil, or the been barbarously sold goldsmiths, and melted down, though such Fine of Edirsceol, to be paid annually every 1st of November, valuable specimens ancient art should most carefully preserved.
and consisting of 300 cows, 300 steeds, 300 gold-handled swords, and 300 purple cloaks. This tribute was sometimes paid to the monarchs of Ireland, and sometimes to the kings of Munster, and
levying led many fierce battles for long period.
The Tribute Brian Boru. -In the wars Brian Boru,
The Cahirians, posterity Cahir More, formed the principal families Leinster. From his son, Rossa Failge, were descended the O'Conors Failge, called O'Conors Faily, princes Hy Failge,
Offaley, which comprised great part the King's county, with part the Queen's county and Kildare; the O’Dempseys, lords
the tenth century, the Danes were assisted the people Lein Clan Maliere; the O'Dunns; the O'Regans, Mac Colgans, O'Har
tys, and some other chiefs the King's and Queen's counties, and Kildare. From Fiacha Baiceada, his youngest son, were descended the Mac Murroughs, kings Leinster; the O'Cavenaghs, O'Byrnes, O'Tooles, O'Murphy's, O'Mulrians O'Ryans, the
ster, but Brian having reduced both subjection, levied
punishment the Lagenians yearly tribute, the same the
old fine Edirsceol, consisting 300 cows, with brass yokes,
300 steeds, 300 gold-hilted swords, and 300 purple coloured cloaks,
independent the annual tribute received from Leinster O'Kinsellaghs, O'Duffys, O'Dowlings, O'Cormacs, O'Muldoons,
monarch Ireland, which consisted 300 bullocks, 300 hogs, and 300 loads iron; and from the people Ossory beeves,
hogs, and loads iron: and compelled the Danes
and other chiefs, Wexford, Wicklow, Carlow, and other parts Leinster. From Daire Barrach, another son Cahir More, were descended the O'Gormans, O'Mullens, O'Mooneys, &c. The other chief families Leinster the Heremonians, descended from the same stock the ancestors Cahir More, were the Mac Gillpa
Limerick deliver him yearly 365 pipes 150 pipes wine on the Danes Dublin.
red wine, and levied
there also copy the Book Ballymote.
and favourite son, Rossa Failge, Rossa the Rings, be queathed the sovereignty the kingdom Leinster, together with
swords and shields, ornamented with gold and silver, and golden cups; his second son, Daire Barach, bequeathed the ter ritory Tuath Laighean, considered part the counties
who were descendants the Firholg, and also left him 150 spears, 50 shields, and 50 swords, all exquisite workmanship, and orna mented with gold and silver, together with military standards,
100 red javelins, saffrom-coloured cloaks, with 100 gold pins for cloaks, 100 horses different colours, 50 chariots, 50 trumpets, standards, 100 costly goblets, 100 chess and backgammon ta bles, 50 large vats made yew, and copper cauldrons; and the
prince Leis (or Leix, the Queen's county), left 100 cows,
The Will of Cahir More. —Cathaoir More, Cahir the Great tricks, Fitzpatricks, princes Ossory; the O'Dwyers, chiefs the Hereinonians Leinster, was king Leinster, and after Tipperary; the O'Nolans, chiefs Carlow; the O’Brenans, chiefs
given Leacan, and To his eldest
brass, with brass inaces, backgammon-tables, and two chess boards, all beautiful workmanship his youngest son, Fiacha Baiceada, he left the territory Lough Garman, now the county
cups methers, and piebald steeds, with bridles and brass bits; his nephew, Tuathal Tigeach, gave chariots, with horses and harness, together with 30 shields and swords, orna mented with gold and silver, pair backgammon-tables, and chess-boards; Moghcorb 100 black and white cows, with their
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REIGN OF HENRY V. 221
Art, son of Teige, the son of Ualgarg (O'Rourke), Iarain eastward, by the O’Reillys, the people of was chosen in opposition to him, from Slieve-an Tulloghonoho (Mac Tiarnans), and the tribe
in Kilkenny, &c. Of the Irian race, or Clanna Rory of Ulster, strength, seeing them advance, made a prodigious effort, and hav
some powerful families were settled in Leinster, as the O'Moores, ing broken his chain, set upon the assassins, most of whom he princes of Leix in the Queen's county; the O'Lawlors, &c. An slew, and made his escape; having fled to North Britain, he after
account of all the above-named chiefs and clans, and others of Leinster, will be given in the course of this article, and in subse quent notes.
The monarch Tuathal, in the second century, having conquered and beheaded Eochy Aincheann, king of Leinster, of whom an ac count has been given above, appointed as king of that province his brother Eric, a prince of Damnonian or Firbolg descent.
Battle of Maistean. -In the time of the monarch Con of the Hundred Battles, in the second century, Eochy, son of Eric, the Damnonian king of Leinster, according to O'Flaherty, having re fused to pay the Leinster tribute, Con marched a powerful army to enforce its payment, but was defeatedin a great battle at Maistean, now the Rath of Mullaghmast in Kildare, in which several thousands were slain, and Eochy, king of Leinster, led his victorious forces to the palace of Tara, of which he held posses sion for four years.
wards followed the monarch Niall, who had made a military expe dition into Gaul, and watching an opportunity, he discharged a
poisoned arrow at the king, and slew him while reclining unawares on the banks of the Loire, and thus fell the celebrated monarch Niall of the Hostages. The great pillar-stone to which Eochy was
chained remains to this day, as stated by Keating and others, a short distance south of Tullyophelim, or Tullow, on the west side
of the river Slaney, in the county of Carlow, and is called Cloch an-Phoill, signifying the stone with the hole. According to the
ancient Irish MS. called the Book of Leinster, which is contained in the Books of Leacan and Ballymote, these perforated stones were originally erected for the purpose of punishing criminals, who
were bound to them by chains. There are several of these perfo rated pillar-stones, called hole-stones, still remaining in various parts of Ireland, amongst others, one at Doagh, in the county of Antrim, another in the church-yard of Castledermot, in Kildare, and one near the church of Kilmelchedar, in Kerry.
Battle of Cnucha. -Con of the Hundred Battles having ap pointed Criomthan, the sonof Niacorb, as king of Leinster, Criom
Battle of Athadara. -A. D. 457, Laoghaire, monarch of Ireland, than endeavoured to exclude from power the posterity of Ca son of Niall of the Hostages, having invaded Leinster with a
hir More. At this time Cumhal, a celebrated chief, and father of the renowned Fenian hero Fionn Mac Cumhail, was commander of the Leinster warriors named Clanna Baoisgne, who were so called from Baoisgne, the grandfather of Cumhal, and having formed the project of dethroning the monarch Con, and restoring the race of Cahir More, he assembled his forces, and in conjunc tion with the Heberians of Munster, headed by their heroic king Eogan More, he marched to oppose Con. The monarch Con hav ing collected all his forces, the two powerful armies, about A. D. 190, fought a terrific battle at Cnucha, in Moy Liffey, according to the Book of Ballyinote, in which many thousands were slain on both sides, but the victory was at length won by the troops of the monarch Con, chiefly through the valour of the celebrated warrior Goll, the son of Morna, a champion of Damnonian or Firbolg. descent, who commanded the Connaught forces, and slew the heroic Cumhal in single combat. This battle was fought, as above stated, at Magh Liffe, or the Plain of the Liffey, at a place called Cnucha or Knock, which signifies a hill, and is considered to be the place
now called Castleknock, near Dublin.
Battle of Cnamhrois-About A. D. 290, Cairbre Liffeachair,
or Carbry of the Liffey, so called from having been brought up near that river, monarch of Ireland, in order to enforce the Leinster
tribute, invaded that province, but his forces were defeated by the Lagenians, in a great battle fought at Cnamhrois in Leinster,
in which nine thousand of the monarch's troops, together with three of his sons, were slain.
Eana Cinsealach, a warlike prince, a descendant of Cahir More, became king of Leinster about the middle of the fourth century; and it is stated that he and his allies, the Munster troops, under their king, Lughaidh Lamhdearg, of the race of the Dalcassians, defeated in fifteen great battles the forces of Eochy Muighmeo don, monarch of Ireland, who had repeatedly invaded Leinster, attempting to recover the Boarian tribute; and in one of thesebat tles the monarch Eochy was slain. Eochy, son of Eana Cimsealach, is said to have been the first Christian king of Leinster, in the be ginning of the fifth century. This prince, being very valiant and ambitious, aspired to the monarchy of Ireland, and even fixed his residence for a short time at the royal palace of Tara, in opposition to Niall of the Nine Hostages, who was then monarch of Ireland, but being reprimanded by the Arch-Druid of Tara for his unwar rantable conduct in attempting to usurp the throne, he relinquished his pretensions and retired from Tara. Eochy having afterwards slain the son of Laidghan, who was the favourite Druid of Niall, the monarch invaded Leinster, and defeated the forces of the pro vince, and having demanded Eochy to be delivered into his hands, he caused him to be chained to a great stone, and the Druid whose son he had slain being resolved to put him to death, sent nine sol diers for that purpose 5 but Eochy, who was a man of immense
powerful army to levy the Boarian tribute, was defeated by the Leinster forces under Criomthan, king of Leinster, son of Eana
Cinsealach, in a great battle at Atha Dara, or the Ford of the Oaks, either on the river Barrow, or Liffey, in the county of Kildare, in
which many thousands of the troops of Laoghaire were slain, and he himself taken prisoner, but he was liberated on solemnly swearing by the Sun, Moon, and Wind, which were the three chief deities of the Druids, that he would never again attempt to recover the Lein ster tribute; it is however recorded, that Laoghaire having violated his oaths, was, as a punishment for his perjury, struck dead by lightning, A. D.
462, at a place called Greallach Dabhuill, near the river Liffey. A. D. 476, Fraoch, king of Leinster, was slain in a great battle fought at Granard, in the present county of Longford, of which an account is given in the Annals of the Four Masters; at Granard is a large moat, the sepulchral mound of some ancient king or warrior.
Battle of Cell Osnadh. —In the reign of Lughaidh, monarch of Ireland, a great battle was fought at Cell Osnadh, or Moy Fea,
about four miles eastward of Leighlin, in the county of Carlow, be tween the armies of Leinster and Munster, the Leinster forces being commanded by Murtogh, son of Earca, Iollan, son of Dun laing, king of Leinster,and Eochy Guineach, or Eochy the wounder, and the men of Munster by their king Aongus, the son of Natfraoich ; in which, after many thousands were killed on both sides, the Munster forces were defeated, and Aongus himself, to
gether with Eithne his queen, were slain. A further account of this battle is given in the Four Masters.
Battle of Bealach Duin or Dun Bolg. —Brandubh, or the Black Raven, so called from the colour of his hair, a descendant of Cahir More, became king of Leinster in the latter end of the sixth century; he is celebrated as having granted to St. Maidoc, Moeg, or Aedan, the territory about Ferns, where that saint founded the cathedral and see of Ferns. In the time of Brandubh, Aodh, monarch of Ireland, son of Ainmireach, marched a powerful army into Leinster, for the recovery of the Boarian tribute, but was defeated by the Leinster forces under Brandubh, in a great battle at Bealach Duin, or Dun Bolg, in Hy Kinsellagh, fought A. D. 594, in which many thousands of the royal troops, together with the monarch Hugh himself, were slain. This battle appears to have been fought in some part of Wex ford or Wicklow, near the sea shore; the place called Dun-Bolg, signifies the fortress of the Firbolg or Belgians, and in a verse quoted from an ancient poet, by the Four Masters, it is stated that “the wave which the tempest carries against the shore, in dicates the sepulchre where lies the arrow by which Hugh, the son of Aiminireach, was slain. ”
Battle of Almaine. —Fergal, monarch of Ireland, in the begin ing of the eighth century, having collected the forces Leath
all
of
222 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1419.
of Malachy Mac Rannall, in consequence of which the entire of the Gairbh-thrian of Connaught' was put into commotion.
Cathal, son of Hugh Mac Guire, a worthy heir
Cuinn, or Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, amounting to twenty
one thousand men, marched into Leinster to enforce payment of the Boarian tribute, and Donogh, the son of Murrogh, king of Lein ster, and Hugh, son of Colgan, heir presumptive to the crown of that province, having assembled the Leinster forces, a tremen dous battle was fought between them at Almhuin, in which the monarch's army was defeated, and Fergal himself, together with one hundred and sixty chosen chiefs fell, and seven thousand soldiers on both sides were slain. This battle, under the name of Cath Almhaine, is celebrated in Irish history, and was fought at the Hill of Allen, in Kildare, according to O'Flaherty's Ogygia, on the 11th of December, A. D. 722, and an account of the va rious chiefs slain in this battle is given in the Four Masters, who quote a passagefrom an ancient poet, which states that “Donogh, the son of Murrogh the noble, and Hugh, the son of Colgan of the red sword, slew Fergal the claimer of tributes, in the famous battle of Almaine. ”
Battle of Ath Senaith or Uchbadh. -Aodh Ollan, monarch of Ireland, having collected the forces of Meath, Ulster, and Connaught, marched into Leinster, and Aodh, the son of Colgan, king of Leinster, led the forces of that province to oppose them, and a furious battle was fought between them, in which the army of Leinster was totally defeated, and nine thousand of them slain, together with their king, Hugh, the son of Colgan, who was killed in single combat by the monarch, Hugh Ollan. Amongst the princes slain in the Leinster army are mentioned Hugh, the son of Congalach, king of Hy Kinsellagh, and Brann, the son of Murrogh, king presumptive of Leinster, with many other princes and chiefs. The Four Masters state that heroes were slain, bodies decapitated, and the Lagenians overwhelmed, scattered, and destroyed in this direful battle, and that only a few persons fled from it to tell the tale; and in a verse quoted by them from an ancient poet, it is said that “from the fierce battle of Uchha, in which Fenians or heroes were destroyed, there had not been before such a clang of white arrows by the men of Lein ster, in Ireland ;” and in a verse on this battle, by the monarch,
to the lordship of Fermanagh, the most distin guished man of his time, in his own country, for noble deeds, died.
Peregrine, son of Niall O'Mulloy, died.
the Danes of Dublin, and their combined forces, under Harold, the son of Aulaf, and Coilen, son of Etigen, with the nobles of Dublin, and the men of Leinster, under their king Maolmordha, fought a great battle at Glenn Mama, with the troops of Munster,
under Brian Boru, and his son Murrogh, aided by Malachy, monarch of Ireland, with the men of Meath. The Danish forces, and their Lagenian allies, were totally defeated, and five thou sand of them, according to some accounts, and according to Mac Geoghegan, six thousand were slain, together with Harold, the son of Anlaf, Coilen, the son of Etigen, and many other chiefs. The Four Masters quote the following passage from an ancient poet, on this battle: “they came to the valley of Mama, and hav ing no water convenient, they were forced to drink of the unhealthy pools, and fought with stones towards the end of the battle ; the victory was gained triumphantly by the kings, as far as the northern woods, and they burned Dublin the beautiful, after laying waste the plain of Leinster. ” This battle was fought A. D. 999, or according to the Four Masters, 998, at Glen Mama, a valley near
Dunlavin, on the borders of Wicklow and Dublin. After the vic tory Brian and Malachy came to Dublin, where they remained a week, and took from the Danes great quantities of gold and silver, with many captives, burned the fortress and expelled Sitric, son of Aulaf, king of the foreigners. In the same year Donal, son of Donal Claon, king of Leinster, was taken prisoner by Sitric, and the Danes of Dublin; and A. D. 1018, Brann, son of Mulmora, king of Leinster, was taken prisoner by the Danes of Dublin, who pulled out his eyes, of which punishment he died.
Battle of Delgany or Delgeme, called also Derge Mogoroc, in Hy Briuin Cualann, now Delgany, in the county of Wicklow, was fought, according to the Four Masters, A. D. 1021, between the Danish forces of Dublin, commanded by their king Sitric, and the men of Leinster, under Ughaire, son of Dunlaing, king of that province (to avenge the death of Brann, king of Leinster, who had been killed by the Danes), in which the Danish forces were de feated with great slaughter ; and according to Mac Geoghegan, six thousand of them slain. Mulmora Mac Murrogh was king of Leinster in the latter end of the tenth, and beginning of the eleventh century, and was conspicuous in those times for having assisted the Danes at the battles of Glen Mama and Clontarf, in the latter of which he was slain ; from his father Murrogh, the family took the name of Mac Murrogh. Derinod, surnamed Miaol na-m Bo, of the same family, became king of Leinster about A. D.
Hugh Ollan himself, it is said “the great IIugh was in that
battle, the king was there in his ire, the great Shannon mourned
that fight near the church of Kiaran of Clonmacnois. ” It appears
by the above passage, that this battle was fought at a ford on the
Shannon, near Clonmacnois, and was probably the place now
known as Shannon Bridge. The battle of Ath Senaith, or Uchba,
was fought, according to the Four Masters, A. D. 733, but ac 1030; he was married to a daughter of Donogh O'Brien, king of
cording to the Annals of Tigearmach, quoted in O'Flaherty's Ogygia, (vol. II. , p. 376), it was fought on a Wednesday, the 14th of September, A. D. 788.
Battle of Rath Beathach-In the reign of Donal, son of Murrogh, monarch of Ireland, A. D. 749, the Picts of Ulster,
with a powerful force, invaded Leinster, but were defeated by the troops of that province, in a great battle fought at Rath Beath ach, in Ossory, now Rathbeagh, near Kilkenny, in which Ca thasach, their general, son of Oilioll, king of the Picts, together
with an immense number of his men, were slain.
Battle of Beallach Mughna, or Moy Ailbe, fought A. D. 908,
Munster, and being a very warlike prince, and having reduced to subjection the people of Munster, Connaught, and Meath, and compelled them to give him hostages and tribute, he was for some years acknowledged as monarch of Ireland; and it is stated by O'Halloran and others, that he made the people of Wales and the Hebrides his tributaries; an account of his various battles is given in Mac Geoghegan. Having defeated the Danes of Dublin, he became king over them, but after many years of power as chief king of Ireland, Dermod having entered into a contest with Conor O’Melaghlin, king of Meath, his forces were defeated by the men of Meath with great slaughter, and he himself slain in a fierce battle fought at Odhbha, in Meath, according to O'Flaherty's Ogygia, on Tuesday, the 7th of February, A. D. 1072. Dermod Mac Maol-na-m Bo, is praised as an excellent prince by many writers, and Caradoc of Lancarvan, in his Welsh Chronicle, says he was one of the best and worthiest princes that ever reigned in Ireland—“Dermitium optimum et dignissimum principem qui unquam in Hibernia regnavit. ” Murrogh Mac Murrogh became king of Leinster, and assumed great authority over the Danes of Dublin; but in a conference held with them in that city, about A. D. 1150, Murrogh was assassinated, and his body ignominiously buried along with that of a dog, as stated in Hanmer's Chronicle. Dermod Mac Murrogh, his son, is notorious in Irish history for
at Ballymoon, or Ballaghmoon, on the borders of Carlow and Kildare, in which the Munster forces, under Cormac Mac Culle nan, archbishop of Cashel, and king of Munster, were defeated, and six thousand of them slain, together with Cormac Mac Culle nan himself, by the army of the monarch Flann Sionna, has been described in the note on Ormond.
In the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, are recorded re peated ravages of the Danes in Wexford, Wicklow, and Carlow, and destruction of abbeys, churches, &c. , as those of Ferns, Glen dalough, Leighlin, and other places.
Battle of Glen-Mama. -The people of Leinster refusing to pay the tribute imposed on them by Brian Boru, confederated with
----
- --- --- --- REIGN OF HENRY V. 223
o *
* s i. o r a * r * o o 5. s o * . t o o l o
son of Higgin, the son of Gillana-
David, son of Tanaidhe O'Maolconry, died of a plague at his own house at Coillmhore-na-mbreath nach, after repentance and extreme unction, and
Z
Ferceart,
neev O'Higgin, the chief of the race of Gillananeev O'Higgin, died.
his abduction of the wife of Tiarnan O'Rourke, prince of Brefney and his invitation of the English to Ireland as allies under Strongbow and his followers, for the recovery of his kingdom of Leinster, from which he had beenexplied by king Roderick o'conor; he is called by the Irish writers Diarmaid-na-ngall, that is Dermod of the Foreigners, from his having brought over the English, and he gave Eva his daughter, by his wife, the daughter of O'Moore, prince of Leix, in marriage to Strongbow, at Waterford, A. D. 1171,
and conferred on him the title of heir presumptive to the kingdom of Leinster. An account of Dermod Mac Murrogh and of Strong- bow, has been given in notes in these Annals at the years 1171, 1176, and also in the notes on Ormond and Desies. Donal Caomh anach, or Cavenagh, a son of Dermod Mac Murrogh, succeeded partly to the inheritance of the kingdom of Leinster, and from him some of his descendants took the name of Cavenagh, or Mac Murrogh Cavenagh. The Mac Murroghs maintained their inde- pendence, and held the title of kings of Leinster, with large pos- ressions in woxford and Carlow, down to the reign of Elizabeth, and many celebrated and valiant chiefs of them are mentioned in the course of these annals, who waged war with the English for many centuries. Art Mac Murrogh Cavenagh, of whose exploits in his contests with the English forces, under king Richard II. , an account has beengiven in a note in theseannals, at A. D. 1399, was one of the most celebrated chiefs; and Donal O'Cavenagh, surnamed Spainagh, or the Spaniard, was a famous leader in Lein ster, in the wars against Elizabeth. The ancient kings of Lein ster had fortresses, or royal residences, at Dinnrigh, near the river Barrow, between Carlow and Leighlin, and at the Naas in Kildare, and in after times had castles at the city of Ferns, in Wexford, which was their capital, and also at Old-Ross, in Wexford, and at Ballymoon, in Carlow. The Mac Murroghs
were inaugurated as kings of Leinster, at a place called Cnoc-an Bhogha, attended by O'Nolan, the king's marshal, chief of Forth, in Carlow, by O’Doran, chief Brehon of Leinster, and by Mac Keogh, his chief bard. The Mac Murroghs are thus designated in the topographies of O’Dugan and O’Heerin:—
“Let us now proceed to Leinster,
An extensive land of wealthy warriors,
Of lasting fame are the mansionsof the heroes, Where lie the tombs of the valorous Gael.
“In the east I shall now enumerate
The generous chiefs of the province in due order, A scion from whom no unkindness we'll receive, With Mac Murrogh we take our abode.
“We give the lead from the chiefs of the Gael
To the princes of the clans of Cahir ;
Let us mention respectively in the eastern country Each chief of them over his own territory.
“The high king of Naas, the tree of Brogha,
The lord of Leinster is Mac Murrogh, The province he holds in his possession, The Fenian hero charters all its lands. ”
The O'Cavenaghs in modern times becamethe representatives of the Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster, and there are several respect able families of the name in the counties of Carlow and Wexford, the head of whom is O'Cavenagh of Borris, in Carlow. The O'Cavenaghs held a territory called Hy Cavenagh, now the barony of Idrome East, in Carlow.
. . . ,
the
The following accounts of the chiefs and clans of Wexford,
Wicklow, andCarlow, andtheterritoriespossessedbyeach,have ofImaile,andmanydistinguishedchiefsofthenamearementioned been collected from the topographies of O'Heerin, O'Dugan, in the course of these annals. They maintained their rank, and O'Brien, O'Halloran, and various other sources. It appears that held large possessionsdown to the Elizabethian and Cromwellian O' Dugan collected part of the topography of Leinster, but it was wars, when their estates were confiscated ; several of them were chiefly compiled by O'Heerin, of whom an account has been al knighted at various periods, and Sir Charles O'Toole, an officer in
ready given in the notes on Thomond and Desmond, and other places. O'Heerin thus commenceshis topography:-
ão
A proper me,
A.
“Such as have been omitted by another
Of the nobles of Fola (Ireland) of the verdant plains, Of all those tribes I shall treat,
From the hospitable mansion of each lord.
44 ---i. -
oi.
ge, g 150yne.
tribes from the flowin Bo ne
from of the
- :*
-
“The portion of Con of the mirthful heart, He has composedfrom ancient records; He has mentioned all both east and west, Each man entitled to property.
“Leath Mogha, the portion of Heber the Fair, The two southern territories of Erin;
Thus the plain of Leinster is mine,
And each brave man to the bay of Limerick.
“These two provinces of the lands of the Gael, And the country of the clans of Cahir;
The hosts of various districts from land to sea, We shall give to each their own territories.
“This portion which was divided by Con O’Dugan the fair and brown-haired; Neglected the history of its men, Which is not unbecomingto relate.
".
A ". neglle s ne
« wasnot-
as
o o: o
o: o
o
t i. e"has ctedthe sonso
ay;
#. o
part of fair Fola,
We mark by our journey from the fortress of Dublin,
Westward to Burren by a rising ridge, This land which is so fairly divided. ”
I. O’Tuathail or O'Toole, chief of Hy Muireadhaigh, is thus men tioned by O'Heerin:
“O’Toole of the fortress famous for mead, Is chief of the valiant tribe of Hy Murray,
As far as Almain of melodiousmusic, Of verdant, grassy, fertile plains. ”
Hy Murray was an extensive territory in the western part of Wicklow, comprising the greater part of the present baronies of Talbotstown and Shilelagh, in that county; and it appearsfrom the poem that the power of the O'Tooles extended as far as Almain, nowthehill of Allen, inthecountyof Kildare, thuscontainingagreat portion of the baronies of Naas, Kilcullen, Kilkea and Moone, and Connell, in that county. The O'Tooles were in ancient times styled princes of Imaile, which appears to have been a name ap plied to their territory, and is still retained in the Glen of Imaile, in Wicklow, where they had their chief residence; and they also had castles at Carnew, Castlekevin, Castledermot and other places. They took their name from Tuathal, one of their princes in the tenth cen tury, and being oneof the headfamilies of Leinster, of the same race as the Mac Murroghs, they wereeligible to be kings of that province. The celebrated St. Laurence O’Toole, archbishop of Dublin at the time of the English invasion, was son of Murtogh O'Toole, prince
“The southern
224 ANNALS OF THE FOUR MASTERS, A. D. 1419.
was buried in the monastery of John the Baptist,in the town of Trim, and this David was the son of
the chief professor of Siol Murray (Roscommon). Dermod Roe, the son of Torlogh Oge O'Conor,
died.
king James's army, is said to have been the person who killed the Duke Schomberg at the battle of the Boyne, and several of them were distinguished officers in the Irish Brigades in the service of France and Spain. The O'Tooles are still numerous in the coun ties of Wicklow, Dublin, and Kildare. II. O’Brain, O’Broin, or O'Byrne, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
“Another exalted noble tribe,
Are the O'Byrnes, a clan fierce in pursuit. ”
The O'Byrnes took their name from Brann, one of their chiefs in
the tenth century, were powerful chiefs, and possessedan extensive
territory in the county of Wicklow, called Hy Briuin Cualan, com
prising the greater part of the barony of Ballinacor, which was
called O'Byrne's country, and also the Ranelagh; hence they
were styled lords of Ranelagh, and had their chief castle at Balli
nacor. The O'Tooles and O'Byrnes, at the head of the Wicklow
clans, for a period of three hundred years, maintained an incessant
warfare with the English forces, whom they defeated in numerous
fierce engagements; many valiant chiefs of the O'Byrnes are men
tioned in those times, particularly Pheagh Mac Hugh O'Byrne,
who was a famous leader in the wars against Elizabeth. It appears
from Cambrensis Eversus, that the O'Byrnes were nominated chiefs
by the Mac Keoghs, at a place called Dun Caillighe Beirre. The Wexford. The O'Murphy's were powerful chiefs in ancient times, O'Byrnes are still numerous in Wicklow, Dublin, Kildare, and and at the present day the name is one of the most numerous in many other parts of Ireland, and there are several respectable fa Ireland, and found in all the counties of Leinster, and in various
Murrogh, son of Bryan O'Flaherty, lord of West Connaught, died.
O’Neill went to the house of Owen O’Neill, and having amicably concluded a peace with each other, he restored his lordship to O’Neill.
are given by O'Heerin as chiefs of Siol Elaigh and the Lagan, and thus mentioned :
“The race of Elaigh, the tribe of steeds,
To protect which is proper for O'Gahan, Chief of the clan, powerful in friendship, O’Dunlaing was the warrior of the Lagan. ”
The territory of these chiefs called Siol Elaigh, is now the barony of Shilelagh, in the south of Wicklow. VII. O’Murchadha or O'Murphy, chief of Crioch O’Felme or Hy Feidhlime, is thus mentionedby O'Heerin:
“An extensive and profitable lordship
Was obtained by O'Murphy of smooth and fair plains,
The country of Hy Felimy the chief received
An inheritance handed down from his ancestors. ”
milies of the name. III. O’Ceallaigh, or O'Kelly, and O’Taidhg or O'Teige, are given by O'Heerin as chiefs of Hy Maile, and of Hy Teigh, and are thus mentioned:
parts of Munster, Connaught, and Ulster, and there are many re spectable and wealthy families of them in various parts of Ireland. VII. O'Gairbhidh, or O'Garvey, another chief in Hy Felimy, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
“In Hy Felimy, a delightful district,
Fair are the lands possessedby the O'Garveys, Fenian heroes of the hill unite in the tribe,
Each man of whom is free from grief and sorrow. ”
IX. O'Cosgraidh or O'Cosgrave, chief of Beantraidhe, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
“From the Barrow eastward to the Slaney,
Is the country possessedby the Clan Cosgrave, The host of Bantry of ringletted hair,
A noble tribe with hawk-like sparkling eyes. ”
The territory possessed by the O'Cosgrave, is now the barony of Bantry, in the county of Wexford. X. O’Duibhgin, probably O'Dugan, another chief, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:—
“Lord of the extreme southern land,
Which is worthy of being recorded,
O'Dugan is its rightful inheritor,
Over the host from the dark pool of the fair shrubs. ”
The territory of this chief being mentioned as in the extreme southern land, must have been in the barony of Shelburne, in Wex ford. XI. O'Lorcain, or O'Larkin, chief of Fothart, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:—
“The Fenian heroes of Forth of the Carn,
The fair rising ground of strength and beauty,
A hero whose deeds are mighty in spears, He is the affluent chief O'Larkin.
The territory possessed by this chief, is now the barony of Forth, in the county of Wexford, and Carn, where he had his fortress, is the head land called Carnsore point. XII. O'Hartghoile,
“O’Teige obtained a productive country, Imaile, a land which is free from gloom;
O'Kelly obtained Hy Teigh eastward By purchase for his valiant clan. ”
This ancient family of O'Teige have anglicised the name to Tighe, and the O'Kelly's here mentioned were of the same race as the Mac Murroghs, O'Tooles, O'Byrnes, and other families called Ca hirians, or Leinster Heremonians, and therefore of a different descent from the O'Kellys, princes of Hy Maine in Galway. The O'Kellys were chiefs in Crioch Cualan, a name which was applied to the northern part of Wicklow, and comprised the baronies of Rathdown, Newcastle, and Arklow. IV. Mac Giollamocholmoge is given by O'Heerin, as a chief of Cualan, and thus mentioned :
“A lord whose lands are rich and verdant, Is the gentle Mac Giollamocholmoge,
Free and powerful warriors in their woods, They rule over the mild men of Cualan. ”
The chief called Mac Giollamocholmoge, is mentioned in the contests of the Anglo-Normans, under Strongbow and his fol lowers, with the Danes of Dublin. V. O'Cosgraidh, O'Cosgry or O'Cosgrave, and O'Fiachraidh, other chiefs in Cualan, are thus mentioned by O'Heerin and O'Dugan:
“Other princely chiefs also obtained this land,
The nut-producing country of the plain of Cualan, O'Cosgrave of the numerous clan,
Rules over the saffron-clad conquering warriors.
“The prince of Hy Nennechlais in the east, Is O'Fiachry of the extensive lands,
The subduer of the foreigners resides here, I mean O'Cosgrave on the plain of Cualan.
VI. O'Gaithin or O'Gahan, and O’Dunlaing, probably odowling,
The O'Murphy's were one of the Cahirian families of Leinster, a branch of the same race as the Mac Murroghs, kings of that province. The territory of Hy Felimy, which they possessed,ex tended along the sea coast, and was commonly called the Mur rowes, and comprised the barony of Ballaghkeen, in the countyof
Teige, son of Donal O'Kelly, lord of Clan Mac Owen (in Galway), died.
O’Driscoll More, the White Knight (both Cork), and his son, died.
name being derived from the town Wicklow, which, said, was called the Danes Wykinlow Wykinlough, signifying the
harbour ships; was called by the Irish Kilmantan, and according O'Flaherty’s Ogygia, the name Wicklow was derived from the Irish Buidhe Cloch, signifying the yellow stone
rock, and probably called from the yellow colour the granite rocks.
Carlow fine and fertile county, particularly productive corn, and famous for butter. Wexford contains much interesting scenery, chiefly along the river Slaney. The majestic mountains, beautiful valleys, and wild glens Wicklow, well known tourists, abound scenery surpassing magnificence and beauty; and the county contains many antiquities, particularly the venerable religious ruins Glendalough. Wicklow was ancient times covered with extensive forests, and the oak woods Shille lagh, the borders Wicklow and Wexford, were celebrated former times. Wicklow also contains very valuable mines cop per, lead, iron, and sulphur, and the finest granite quarries the world, its extensive mountains being composed granite rocks. The gold mines Wicklow, celebrated history, were situated the mountain Croghan Kinsellagh, near Arklow, and pieces solid golden ore, various sizes, were found the rivulets, one which was twenty-three ounces weight. The silver mines situated Clonmines, the county Wexford, were, stated
probably O'Hartly, chief of Crioch-na-goenel, by O'Heerin:
“Criochmageneal, a delightful
In the land of the fertile soil,district A country the fairest under the sun,
is thus mentioned
Its
rightful O'Hartley. ” inheritor is
This territory appears to have been situated near O'Larkin's country, above-mentioned. XIII. O'Riaghain,0'Riaain, or O'Ryan,
sometimes written O'Maolrian, or O'Mulrian, is thus mentioned by O'Heerin:
lord of Hy
Drona,
“Hereditary to O'Ryan is a fair district,
A territory, extensive is the land,
Hy Drona of peaceful pleasures,
It is more fitting for him than a strange country. ”
rous and powerful clans, and had large possessions in the counties of Wexford and Carlow. The O'Briens, or Mac Briens, and O'Moores, were also respectable families in Wexford. The O'Dorans held the high office of hereditary Brehons of Leinster, and being the chief judges of that province, had extensive pos sessionsunder the ancient kings.
Werford was formed into a county in the reign of king John,
and was, as already stated, part of the ancient territory of Hy
Kinsellagh, and was called by the Irish writers the county of
Hough Garman, as already explained in the preceding part of
the sons, namely, William, Richard, Gilbert, Walter, and Anselm, became, succession, earls Pembroke, and lords princes Leinster; but all having died without issue, the male line became extinct; the five daughters were all intermarried into noble fami lies England, and the different counties Leinster were divided amongst them and their posterity; which full account will
found Hanmer's Chronicle, and Baron Finglas's Breviate Ireland Harris's Hibernica.
this article; it was also called Contae Riavach, signifying the
Wexford the noble families Mountchensey, England, the thirteenth century got large the title lords Wexford, intermarriage with daughter Marshall, earl Pembroke, abovementioned;
and by intermarriage with the Valences, the Talbots, earls Shrewsbury, became lords Wexford. The chief Anglo-Normans who came over with Strongbow, and got large grants lands Wexford, were Maurice Fitzgerald, ancestor the earls Kildare and Desmond; Hervey Monte Marisco, and Robert Fitzstephen. The other old English families who settled Wexford were, the Carews, Talbots, Devereuxes, Staffords, Sinnotts, Suttons, Keatings, Powers, Walshes, Fitzharrises, Fitzhenrys, Derenzys, Mastersons, Butlers, Browns, Rossiters, Redmonds, Esmonds, Hores, Harveys, Hayes, Hughes, Codds, Commerfords, Colcoughs, Lamberts, Boyces, Morgans, Tottenhams, Rams, Furlongs.
Hiberniae, given first volume the Desiderata Curiosa account
Grey County, from some peculiar greyish appearance of the
possessions, with
Sountry, which Camden incorrectly states to have meant the
Rough County. It got the name of Wexford from the town of
Wexford, which was called by the Danes Weisford, signifying
the western haven, a name given to it by the Danish colony who
*ir, *o. /
Possessed that city in the tenth and eleventh centuries. The greater
P* of Wexford was in former times also sometimes called the
. . . ;Ferns, by Spenser, of
of as stated from the city Ferns,
which was the capital of the Mac Murroghs, kings of Leinster.
Carlow was formed into a county in the reign of king John ; it
by
"-the Irish writers Cathairloch and Ceatharlach, an
Catherlough, and the name is said to have been derived
the
****, a city, and loch, a lake, thus signifying city *ing place stated that there was former times lake adi the where the town Carlow now stands. but
various patentees and undertakers who, the reign
and James got extensive grants the forfeited lands which were confiscated the county Wexford. The following persons obtained lots those lands, varying from five hundred one
*. . . * lake there present.
Wicklow was formed into county the reign
James
REIGN OF HENRY V. 225
The territory of Hy Drona comprised the present baronies
of Idrone, in the county of Carlow, which was in ancient times
possessed by the O'Ryans, who were powerful chiefs, and
styled princes of Hy Drona, and many of them are mentioned in
early times in the Four Masters, and Annals of Inisfallen. An
account of the O'Ryans, who had extensive possessions in Tip
perary, and were a branch of the O'Ryans of Carlow, has been
given in the note on Ormond.