Such a nest of
drcaJrul
within drums as I have been de?
Hart-Clive-1962-Structure-and-Motif-in-Finnegans-Wake
.
" " l ' .
~,.
? I'M Dream-Stru(lurt
to p? ? i", into an inv<<ted mirror-world,' and I<> ellter ShaUll" mind . . -e have bd I<> p;III t. ItrouSh a IIeCOnd mirror. Thil doIIble-rninor UnaI""Y il present in ! he quotatio~ a""""; tw\> minon are n. ormally II~ for a man to see hit bulroeb in practice. The idea of p. . . . ing through a mirror into the new environment ofa past or future cpoch was not new IOlJOlyce iri F'iMl$= WQkt fOlr he had already made ""t. ,nlive use of il in UbJ,ru ill as,ocialKIII with the motif 'looking bad in a retroape<:t;vc alTall("mcnl', d~. ? In Ihe 'Oxen of I"'" Sun' Bloom IftI h;rrucl( aa if in a double_inverud rdlttti<m, aa a
ocboolboy:
'No longer it Leopold, as he oits t~ , ruminating, chewing the cudofreminitc. ,. . "" that. Iaidagentofpublicityandholderof a modctt JUbolance in the fundi. He is youn, Lt:opold, as in a r<:troopect;ve alTangement, a mirror within a mirroc (hey prestoI), he bc:bolde\h hitmelf. That young figure Olf then is seen, precociou,ly manly, willing on a nipping morning from ! he old home in QambraWl llm:I IOl the high school . _ . (al. . . , a thing now of the past! ) _ . . BUI ! ley. pre",o, the mirror is breathed on and ! he young knigh~",nt recedes. , . hri~"b. , ro I tiny lpttk within the mist'. (U 394)
And abo:
'Inoki", bad now in a ,u ,uspulive kind of arrangemc:nt, aU . . . . ,med I kind of dream. And the <<Iming back waa the wont
thing )'Ou eve. did because it wenl without ,aying )'Ou would red out ofplace as things alwaY' moved with the timcs? . (U 6t3) 'Rudolph Bloo'" (de",ased) narrated to hit IOn l . eopold Bloom (aged 6) I retroopecti"" amu\gemc:nl of migrations and Kille- menU. . . '(U68! >>
Earwicl<er . . . ,,,," to be engagN in the lame kind of dreamin! n:miniscell<:e, though on a gr;Inder 0<"aIe.
In Vil':Olliall I~rms Book III is the Cycle ofthe Future, as the SJ;tI. 11nI Ii. . ,explains:
"The principal figure of uu. d",am is Shaun. envisioned at a greRi man of the future, carrying forward tho mighty tradition
,s. . .
, No. Mm. FoI," ' v. ,. ,. . . ,. . . w. d <<In. ? N. . . . York, '959. I' . 8,.
below. I' 99.
9'
? TM Dream. . . 5lruc/u1'e
of hi> ancesto. . . and winning with blith. . t e,. . . , the battles \o$t byhi! father', (SK 211)
In so far'" Earwicker'. son i. to succeed hun, thU reading U valid enough, but a! a. 'Ome",ha! more lite~l and urta1nly more important level Ihe situation i. quite the reve. . . . " fur if ~'alher and Son arc one, Shaun is Earwid,cr', p"'t a, well ", hi> future, In U! Psu Stephen, hnlding 'to the nnw, the here' '" he mUO(:, on man', ,piritual continuity, calb the fut~ 'Ihe sil ler of the P"'{' (U ,63), Earwiek<:r i> dreaming b a d into hit
much glorified past, ,tacting with his prel"nt deathlik "ale (iO,~) and working back to hi> hinh: 'Yet they wend il back, qual hi, leif' (sSo,13), In following h;, career back to iu origins in h;, incarnation", the Son, Earwick<:r ;, engaged in the Yeat$ian proces,,,, of Dreami. , B",k, Return, and T/tt Shifting, (293,03,295. 10,295,'5, 5? O. O. j,) which in A V'u,;,n are ,aid to follow immediately on death, preceding the desired . pirilUai 'Marriage' wilh the Ddty and allowing the "lui to Ira"" it.
progrt. :$, in the rev""", direction, right ba<:k to birth' :
'In the Drt~ming BIUt the Spirit;' compelled to live over and over again the evenU that had most moved it; there can be
nothing new, but the old events . tand furth in a light which i. dim or bright according to the intemity Qf the pa$si. on that accompanied them . ? . After its imprironment by oome event
in the Drwming BlUk, the Spi. il relives that evenl in the Rtlu,n and tufm it into knowledge, and then falls inlo the D,,~ming BlUk once more. The Spirit find, the concrete events in the PassioMk Body but the na:rnes and words of the drama it mwt obtain, the Fa. . . ltiu having gone when tbe H",k and PlUno""k Body disappMred, from lOme incarnale Mind, and Ihi. it ;, able to do becaUle all spirits inhabit our consciomness, or, "" Swedenbo'1l said, arc the J)ramati. Penonae of our dreams . . . The mOl'1O complete the Drwming Bad: the more complete the Return and the mOT<: bappy or fortunale the n a t incarnation. After ~aeh event of tIu: D""ming Bl1tk the Spinl explo= not
merely tJu: eauSCI but the cotUt:quences ofthat event. . . [And, in tJu: Siliftings:] ? . . In '0 far ru tbe man did good without
, ,t y;,. "" pp. ~o&-so.
9'
? The Drram-StrnctUTt
knowing evil, hi. nature is reversed until tho. t knowledge is obtained. Th. Spirit live! ! . . . "The bCJ! t Jl""5ible Life in the won! possible ,urrounding. " or the contrary of this; yet there is n n ,uffering: " For in a , tate of ~uilibrium there is neither emotion nnr oemation" '.
T h . Slot/elm! Ki f ' reIerena: to the con! ,. ,. . ! between Earwicl. cr', failure, and Shaun'. 'uc~ is illuminated by the Shijlingr, while the oscillations betwrcn famMY and narurali,m in Book
III find a rationalisation in tho: cyek, of Dreami~g lJ(J(;k and &turn. The whole of Book TIl, including the ""gr= in H1. 4
when Shaun begins his own epic. yelic Dr. -ing R(J(;k, is thm, in thoe ~rm" a my$tical pilgrimage of Earwi~ker'? ? pirit, . ed:ing ,alvation through Jdf. knowlrdge, working ba<:k tow:>. ro an "". mun! of his own gene';".
J "yee mak. ,. this DrMmu. , Back function at the universal", well a$ the personal level, 10 that the history of mankind is traced back to the Flood by the end ofIlI. 4 (s89-90). (I have already notrd that in thischap~r the Earwicun ,eem to belong to a past generation. ') The idea of a\lnwing the ! ",ychie
proc= to upand in this way to the racial levd scnru to have had its origin in a brief but in~fC! lting no~ in the Large
Notebook' :
'dream thoughts are ",-au thoughts of a:nturie! ! ago: uncon? sciom memory: great "",urrenee: race memori. . '
The first part of the no~ h"" been =red through by Joye<:, which usually indica! ", that the ma~rial 10 markrd ha, bc<:n
used 10mewhere in FiMtgmu W. . ke.
Such a nest of drcaJrul within drums as I have been de?
scribing might of course go on for ever, like the infinite rcgl"CSl of time? planes inJ. W. Dunne', Tiu Strid Universe,' and there is no doubt mar<: than a hint of oo:mrie aolipmrn about this conca~nation of dream. personages, all evolved from a lingle
, s. . obove. p . 8).
I h, tho: . . ","'" ""';~"" 'i'ky! t. . n<! a. . . . . . ylod~? ; ,. . obov<, p. ~? .
? "Ine""""""Ptof,,,,,",. . . 1wUv"",,," 0cow'''''''~. . ,meinF;""p'" W. . t. : ' . . . oob. ")'lI' omio<d, OO? ioI,,,,,,,,,<olly, in ? "'","e on~ more olm;gnt;! y nponding un;""",,' (063,'4); '",rial <I. ". ,. . . . of fai" women' (53'. 33); '" _ ,8. . "" 1. 8. 10, 3'0. 33, ,". 00, ~? . ,. .
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler. Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . .
? I'M Dream-Stru(lurt
to p? ? i", into an inv<<ted mirror-world,' and I<> ellter ShaUll" mind . . -e have bd I<> p;III t. ItrouSh a IIeCOnd mirror. Thil doIIble-rninor UnaI""Y il present in ! he quotatio~ a""""; tw\> minon are n. ormally II~ for a man to see hit bulroeb in practice. The idea of p. . . . ing through a mirror into the new environment ofa past or future cpoch was not new IOlJOlyce iri F'iMl$= WQkt fOlr he had already made ""t. ,nlive use of il in UbJ,ru ill as,ocialKIII with the motif 'looking bad in a retroape<:t;vc alTall("mcnl', d~. ? In Ihe 'Oxen of I"'" Sun' Bloom IftI h;rrucl( aa if in a double_inverud rdlttti<m, aa a
ocboolboy:
'No longer it Leopold, as he oits t~ , ruminating, chewing the cudofreminitc. ,. . "" that. Iaidagentofpublicityandholderof a modctt JUbolance in the fundi. He is youn, Lt:opold, as in a r<:troopect;ve alTangement, a mirror within a mirroc (hey prestoI), he bc:bolde\h hitmelf. That young figure Olf then is seen, precociou,ly manly, willing on a nipping morning from ! he old home in QambraWl llm:I IOl the high school . _ . (al. . . , a thing now of the past! ) _ . . BUI ! ley. pre",o, the mirror is breathed on and ! he young knigh~",nt recedes. , . hri~"b. , ro I tiny lpttk within the mist'. (U 394)
And abo:
'Inoki", bad now in a ,u ,uspulive kind of arrangemc:nt, aU . . . . ,med I kind of dream. And the <<Iming back waa the wont
thing )'Ou eve. did because it wenl without ,aying )'Ou would red out ofplace as things alwaY' moved with the timcs? . (U 6t3) 'Rudolph Bloo'" (de",ased) narrated to hit IOn l . eopold Bloom (aged 6) I retroopecti"" amu\gemc:nl of migrations and Kille- menU. . . '(U68! >>
Earwicl<er . . . ,,,," to be engagN in the lame kind of dreamin! n:miniscell<:e, though on a gr;Inder 0<"aIe.
In Vil':Olliall I~rms Book III is the Cycle ofthe Future, as the SJ;tI. 11nI Ii. . ,explains:
"The principal figure of uu. d",am is Shaun. envisioned at a greRi man of the future, carrying forward tho mighty tradition
,s. . .
, No. Mm. FoI," ' v. ,. ,. . . ,. . . w. d <<In. ? N. . . . York, '959. I' . 8,.
below. I' 99.
9'
? TM Dream. . . 5lruc/u1'e
of hi> ancesto. . . and winning with blith. . t e,. . . , the battles \o$t byhi! father', (SK 211)
In so far'" Earwicker'. son i. to succeed hun, thU reading U valid enough, but a! a. 'Ome",ha! more lite~l and urta1nly more important level Ihe situation i. quite the reve. . . . " fur if ~'alher and Son arc one, Shaun is Earwid,cr', p"'t a, well ", hi> future, In U! Psu Stephen, hnlding 'to the nnw, the here' '" he mUO(:, on man', ,piritual continuity, calb the fut~ 'Ihe sil ler of the P"'{' (U ,63), Earwiek<:r i> dreaming b a d into hit
much glorified past, ,tacting with his prel"nt deathlik "ale (iO,~) and working back to hi> hinh: 'Yet they wend il back, qual hi, leif' (sSo,13), In following h;, career back to iu origins in h;, incarnation", the Son, Earwick<:r ;, engaged in the Yeat$ian proces,,,, of Dreami. , B",k, Return, and T/tt Shifting, (293,03,295. 10,295,'5, 5? O. O. j,) which in A V'u,;,n are ,aid to follow immediately on death, preceding the desired . pirilUai 'Marriage' wilh the Ddty and allowing the "lui to Ira"" it.
progrt. :$, in the rev""", direction, right ba<:k to birth' :
'In the Drt~ming BIUt the Spirit;' compelled to live over and over again the evenU that had most moved it; there can be
nothing new, but the old events . tand furth in a light which i. dim or bright according to the intemity Qf the pa$si. on that accompanied them . ? . After its imprironment by oome event
in the Drwming BlUk, the Spi. il relives that evenl in the Rtlu,n and tufm it into knowledge, and then falls inlo the D,,~ming BlUk once more. The Spirit find, the concrete events in the PassioMk Body but the na:rnes and words of the drama it mwt obtain, the Fa. . . ltiu having gone when tbe H",k and PlUno""k Body disappMred, from lOme incarnale Mind, and Ihi. it ;, able to do becaUle all spirits inhabit our consciomness, or, "" Swedenbo'1l said, arc the J)ramati. Penonae of our dreams . . . The mOl'1O complete the Drwming Bad: the more complete the Return and the mOT<: bappy or fortunale the n a t incarnation. After ~aeh event of tIu: D""ming Bl1tk the Spinl explo= not
merely tJu: eauSCI but the cotUt:quences ofthat event. . . [And, in tJu: Siliftings:] ? . . In '0 far ru tbe man did good without
, ,t y;,. "" pp. ~o&-so.
9'
? The Drram-StrnctUTt
knowing evil, hi. nature is reversed until tho. t knowledge is obtained. Th. Spirit live! ! . . . "The bCJ! t Jl""5ible Life in the won! possible ,urrounding. " or the contrary of this; yet there is n n ,uffering: " For in a , tate of ~uilibrium there is neither emotion nnr oemation" '.
T h . Slot/elm! Ki f ' reIerena: to the con! ,. ,. . ! between Earwicl. cr', failure, and Shaun'. 'uc~ is illuminated by the Shijlingr, while the oscillations betwrcn famMY and narurali,m in Book
III find a rationalisation in tho: cyek, of Dreami~g lJ(J(;k and &turn. The whole of Book TIl, including the ""gr= in H1. 4
when Shaun begins his own epic. yelic Dr. -ing R(J(;k, is thm, in thoe ~rm" a my$tical pilgrimage of Earwi~ker'? ? pirit, . ed:ing ,alvation through Jdf. knowlrdge, working ba<:k tow:>. ro an "". mun! of his own gene';".
J "yee mak. ,. this DrMmu. , Back function at the universal", well a$ the personal level, 10 that the history of mankind is traced back to the Flood by the end ofIlI. 4 (s89-90). (I have already notrd that in thischap~r the Earwicun ,eem to belong to a past generation. ') The idea of a\lnwing the ! ",ychie
proc= to upand in this way to the racial levd scnru to have had its origin in a brief but in~fC! lting no~ in the Large
Notebook' :
'dream thoughts are ",-au thoughts of a:nturie! ! ago: uncon? sciom memory: great "",urrenee: race memori. . '
The first part of the no~ h"" been =red through by Joye<:, which usually indica! ", that the ma~rial 10 markrd ha, bc<:n
used 10mewhere in FiMtgmu W. . ke.
Such a nest of drcaJrul within drums as I have been de?
scribing might of course go on for ever, like the infinite rcgl"CSl of time? planes inJ. W. Dunne', Tiu Strid Universe,' and there is no doubt mar<: than a hint of oo:mrie aolipmrn about this conca~nation of dream. personages, all evolved from a lingle
, s. . obove. p . 8).
I h, tho: . . ","'" ""';~"" 'i'ky! t. . n<! a. . . . . . ylod~? ; ,. . obov<, p. ~? .
? "Ine""""""Ptof,,,,,",. . . 1wUv"",,," 0cow'''''''~. . ,meinF;""p'" W. . t. : ' . . . oob. ")'lI' omio<d, OO? ioI,,,,,,,,,<olly, in ? "'","e on~ more olm;gnt;! y nponding un;""",,' (063,'4); '",rial <I. ". ,. . . . of fai" women' (53'. 33); '" _ ,8. . "" 1. 8. 10, 3'0. 33, ,". 00, ~? . ,. .
? T! u Dream-Structure
mind. It Ke"'" to have been j oyu'. main PIUJ'OK, h. )wever, tQ usc the dream_sequences all a further illustration of the Viconian th=-part cycle, thio time arrnnged 00 . . . . . teo be everywhere e>ut of Itep with the principal cycle corui. <ting ofBooko r, II, and III. Th. . . , after the 'Tiers, tiers and tiers' ofdream. in thue thre<: 8001<0, we return ('Rounds'), "" always in Book IV, In the first level (59". 30). The Dreamer i. < of COune . till ""Ieep, but Ear- wicker's fantastic dream-night i. over: 'Guld modning'. Hio twenty_four h. )ur cycle i, alIDOllI complete and in hi. '! company we have progr=cd from 'wan warning' (6. 01) to another; dawn break! on a new day. j Ullt . . . . . the Providence of Vico'. >iamb leads to yel another rcMatemenl of history, 50 the fourth drcam-cycle, which has a},. . ,ady brought ill back to the first dream. level of Book I, reintroduces the Golden Age which makes CrClh hope possible.
Ac<:ording 10 the molecular principle on which FiMlgaru W. . . tt i. '! built, each minor cycle mu. t in 50me way reflect thili
major wcccosion of dream-<:ycl. . . . There an:, in fact, . uhlidiary dream_levels within the four-chapter cyclC$, and even within individual chapten. T he fourth chapter of each minor eycle i. a dream-<:reation of oomeone who fall, a,leep in the prec. :ding chapler. Thus Earwickcr, in the mythical context of the . tories told of him in 'h;,' cycle, ' . 1- 4, sleep. after the end of 1. 3, tirea"", ofhirruelf "" Shaun (or King) dnring r4, (15. 05, 19. ~8, 81. 16,89. 03), and 00 relive! hi, trial before the public; Shcm hands over 10 hi. < dream-<:reature Anna Livia in 1. 8; Earwicl<er dream. alII. . . , ShaUll at III. . , and 50 on in cydes ofdiminiah- illg scope.
In figure 1I, following, I have attempted to reconatruct IUch a ! Chematic diagram as j oyce mighl have used in marking out ru. . dream-oeyd. . . The figure ;, an endleu line beginning al 'riverrun' near thc top, completing One cycle (I- II. 3), then making a gliding 1ramitinn (II. 4) to the next level (III. I-3),
following th;, by a ludden drop to the third level, and ju. t as ,uddenly moving back to levell with Book IV. The last cycle, making a Sfcat containing ,w""p around the whole diagram ('appoint, that', all', 367. 3? ), lead, to Ihe final 'the' and 50 hack
! >>
? The Dream-Slructure
{(I 'rivemm'. The diagram parodies mystical ? . pirals (If mo~ ment' like th= in Swedenbru-g" PriN:;fM,1 with which JCIY"" may very wdl have bun familiar. (The schema could alw be
f. ,,,. . . II
? A . ". . . ntdCdUn <JfJoda><u<1",,?
drawn, though l~ clearly, as a spiralling line On <<ne of the con. ,. of a Ycawan gyu. Book IV would (hen appear"" c0- incident apex and b = on the gyre. >>
? Tram . by <h< Rev. . J. CJ,;,. . '''' Loodon, 1841. p. ",6. I s. . . boY<,Chap<<. Two, III.
95
? TJu Drr. llm. $truclure II: AWMAW! \. ( ('93. 30)
In U/,psdJoy. ;c had . ""ady made use ofthe holy Iyll_bl" of the Upanishads, AUM (or OM,""1 may aloo bt . . . riuen). and holh the word and the philooophy which it is pid 10 . ubs"mc
play quile an important pan in Fi_,. 1U 11'41. , J oytt wa, evi. dently rully aware ofi! ! IIlpp<:II(d ,igniJicance, about whith he might have lurnedfrom a g. . .
