No More Learning

Period of his
dramatic activity. Probability of French influence. His inter-
ludes: Witty and Witless; Love; Wether; The Foure P. P.
His narrative power. Doubtful plays: The Pardoner and the
Frere and Johan Johan. The collision of romantic and didactic
tendencies in Tudor Drama. Calisto and Melebea. Lucrece.
Continental Humanist Drama. Performances of Latin plays in
the schools and at the Universities. Nicholas Udall. Ralph Roister
Doister. Jacke Jugeler. English adaptations of Textor's Neo-
classic Plays. Prodigal son plays. Misogonus. Jacob and Esau.
The Glasse of Governement. Supposes. The Bugbears. In-
fluence of the Southern Stage. Strength of the native dramatic
instinct. Tom Tyler. Damon and Pithias. Promos and
Cassandra. Edwards's and Whetstone's theory of the function of
Comedy
89
.
CHAPTER VI
THE PLAYS OF THE UNIVERSITY WITS
:
By G. P. BAKER, Professor of English in Harvard
University, U. S. A.
The University standard of judgment. John Lyly. His position in
the group of University Wits. His material, method and style.
His models. Authorship of the songs in Lyly's plays. Introduction
to the English stage of High Comedy: its essential features.
Lyly's refining and intellectual influence on English Literature and
Drama. George Peele. Variety in theme and treatment. Begin-
nings of dramatic criticism. Peelo's poetry. Robert Greene. His
literary career. His Novels and Pamphlets. His Repentance.
Early dramatic work. Plays attributed to Greene. His sources
and handling of plot. Development of the Love story. Thomas
Lodge. Sequence of his work. His ill-success and retirement from
Drama. Thomas Nashe. Popular form of his work. Character-
istics of the group of University Wits
121


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х
Contents
CHAPTER VII
MARLOWE AND KYD
CHRONICLE HISTORIES
By G. GREGORY SMITH, M. A. , Balliol College, Oxford, Hon. LL. D.
(Edin. ), Professor of English Literature in the University of
Belfast
PAGE
1
1
The forerunners of Shakespeare. Marlowe's life and early literary
work. Tamburlaine the Great. Dr Faustus. The Jew of Malta.
Edward II. The Massacre at Paris. Dido Queene of Carthage.
Marlowe's share in other Plays. Association with Shakespeare.
Marlowe's non-dramatio writings. Poetic quality of his work.
Characteristics of his style. His treatment of the Chronicle Play.
His forerunners. Edward II. Creation of Blank Verse as a
dramatic instrument. Thomas Kyd's early work. The Spanish
Tragedie. Kyd and the early Hamlet. Doubtful authorship of
The First Part of Jeronimo and of Solimon and Perseda.
Criticism of Kyd's work and comparison with Marlowe. Kyd's
place in English Drama .
142
.
.
9
CHAPTER VIII
SHAKESPEARE: LIFE AND PLAYS
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, M. A. , Merton College, Oxford, LL. D. ,
Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature in the University
of Edinburgh
Character of our knowledge about Shakespeare. His Family and
Education. His Marriage and relations with his Wife. His
Company. Biographical aspects of the Sonnets. Evidence as to
Order of Plays. Value of the Meres list. Earliest group: The
Comedy of Errors, Love's Labour's Lost and Titus Andronicus.
Second group: The Two Gentlemen of Verona, All's Well that
Ends Well and The Taming of the Shrew. Remaining Meres
Plays: Romeo and Juliet, A Midsummer Night's Dream and The
Merchant of Venice. Early Chronicle Plays: Richard II, King
John, Richard III. Shakespeare's share in Henry VI, Henry IV.
Plays not mentioned by Meres: Pericles, The Merry Wives,
Measure for Measure, Much Ado about Nothing, As You Like It
and Twelfth Night. Remaining Historical Plays: Henry V and
Henry VIII. Classical Plays: Troilus and Cressida, Timon of
Athens, Julius Caesar, Coriolanus and Antony and Cleopatra.
Tragicomedies: Hamlet, Othello, Macbeth and King Lear. Last
group: Cymbeline, The Winter's Tale and The Tempest. Shake-
speare's Censors. His special gifts: poetic phrasing, dramatio
construction and character-drawing. His justice and tolerance.
Universality of his style. His progress in versification. Shake-
spearean Blank Verse: management of metre, pause trisyllabio
substitution and the redundant syllable
165
Appendix: Tabular Conspectus
I. Biographical
219
II. Literary. A brief summary of the principal Dates and Sources
of the separate Plays. Outline of Shakespeare's Fame in
England .
220
1
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1
Contents
xi
CHAPTER IX
PAGE
SHAKESPEARE: POEMS
By GEORGE SAINTSBURY, M. A. , LLD.
Dates of Composition and First Editions. Dedication of the Sonnets.
Venus and Adonis. Lucrece. The Sonnets. The problem of their
interpretation. Futility of attempts to find biographical details in
them. Dramatic elements. Peculiarities of versification. Lesser
Poems: A Lover's Complaint, The Passionate Pilgrim, The
Phoenix and the Turtle. Shakespeare's metrical mastery in the
Lyric .
223
.
CHAPTER X
PLAYS OF UNCERTAIN AUTHORSHIP ATTRIBUTED
TO SHAKESPEARE
By F. W. MOORMAN, B. A. (London), Ph. D. (Strassburg), Assistant
Professor of English Language and Literature in the Uni-
versity of Leeds
Classification of extant Plays. Locrine: points of resemblance to The
Spanish Tragedie. Arden of Feversham: deliberate bluntness of
the story and unattractiveness of the hero. A Yorkshire Tragedy.
Edward III. Cromwell. Sir Thomas More: its scholarly
character and political tone. The Birth of Merlin: its probable
authors. Faire Em. The Merry Devill of Edmonton. Muce-
dorus. The London Prodigall. The Puritane. The Two Noble
Kinsmen: wealth of its sources and qualities
236
CHAPTER XI
THE TEXT OF SHAKESPEARE
By the Rev. ERNEST WALDER, M. A. , Gonville and Caius College,
Headmaster of Ockbrook School, Derby
Reasons for reluctance of authors and companies to publish. Origin
of the Quartos. Duplicate, Variant and Doublet Quartos. Dis-
crepancies in Texts: curtailment or omission for stage parposes
or for want of actors; political expediency. Carelessness of
Players and Printers. Lack of evidence making Shakespeare
responsible for Corrections or Additions. Value of the first Folio.
The later Folios. Subsequent history of the Text of Shake-
speare. Rowe's edition. Conjectures and restorations of Pope.
His controversy with Theobald, and its effects on Theobald's
edition. Hanmer's edition. Warburton's ignorance of the old Text
and of Shakespeare's language. Johnson's edition. Scientific
criticism of Capell. Johnson and Steevens's Text. Malone's edition.
Nineteenth century Editors: Singer; Hudson; Collier; Halliwell-
Phillipps; Delius; Staunton; Grant White; Dyce. The Cambridge
Shakespeare
259
Appendix. Genealogy of the text of Richard III :
281


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xii
Contents
CHAPTER XII
SHAKESPEARE ON THE CONTINENT
By J. G. ROBERTSON, M. A. , B. Sc. (Glasgow), Ph. D. (Leipzig),
Professor of German Language and Literature in the
University of London
PAGE
!
Channels by which Shakespeare reached the Continent. His influence
on German and Dutch Seventeenth Century Drama. Awakening
of interest in the man. Literary importance of the Revocation of
the Edict of Nantes. Voltaire's attitude towards Shakespeare.
His adaptations from Julius Caesar, Hamlet, Othello, and Macbeth.
Abbé Prévost and contemporary French admirers of Shakespeare.
Influence of Voltaire's opinions in Italy. Early Seventeenth Century
indications of appreciation of Shakespeare in Germany. Strength
of Classicism.
The Translations of La Place, and their effect on
Voltaire and French Criticism. Sébastien Mercier. Le Tourneur.
Voltaire's last Attacks. Popularity of the Adaptations of Ducis.
German interest in Shakespeare aroused by Lessing. Wieland's
Prose Translation. The new attitude of the Sturm und Drang. Ger-
stenberg's and Herder's Criticism. Shakespeare included in the
répertoire of the German stage. Schröder. The Romantic School.
A. W. Schlegel and his Fellow Workers. Shakespeare's influence on
German Eighteenth Century Literature: on the French Romantic
School. German Shakespearean Scholarship in the Nineteenth
Century. Influence of Hegelianism. Shakespeare and the Modern
German Theatre. The Meiningen Reforms. Introduction of Shake-
speare into other lands, chiefly through French or German Trans-
lations. Value of recent American Criticism
?
283
CHAPTER XIII
LESSER ELIZABETHAN DRAMATISTS
By the Rev. RONALD BAYNE, M. A. , University College, Oxford
General characteristics of Lesser Elizabethan Dramatists. Their names
according to Henslowe's Diary and Meres's list. Anthony Mun-
day's career (1553-1633) and industry as a writer: translations
of Fedele and Fortunio: The Weakest goeth to the Wall: his
extant Plays founded on Ballads and Folk-lore. Henry Chettle's
early life: his Tragedies : The Tragedy of Hoffman. Haughton's
Comedies: Grim the Collier of Croyden and English-Men For
my Money. Porter's Two angry women of Abington. Hathwaye.
Robert Wilson. Wentworth Smith. Michael Drayton's dramatic
work. John Day's early work. Samuel Rowley's When you see
me, You know me. English imitation of French Senecan Drama.
Fulke Greville's Mustapha and Alaham
309
O
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Contents
xiii
CHAPTER XIV
SOME POLITICAL AND SOCIAL ASPECTS OF THE LATER
ELIZABETHAN AND EARLIER STEWART PERIOD
By A. W. WARD, Litt. D. , F. B. A.
PAGE
Main features of the English Renascence at its height. Contrast be-
tween the beginning and the end of the age. Literary significance
of the later years of Elizabeth's reign. Strength of the Tudor
Monarchy and Popular Sentiment. Dramatists and the Divine
Right of Kings. Question of the Queen's Marriage. Her attitude
towards the Religious Problem. Struggle for the English Throne.
Elizabeth's Ministers before and after the crisis. Vigour and
activity of the New Generation. Elizabeth's Court. Education of
the Courtier. Contrast between Court and Country. Gradual
change in social conditions; amalgamation of New and Old Nobility.
Rise of Prices and advance of Trade and Industry. Increased luxury
in Diet and Dress. Horticulture. Drinking. Tobacco. The
Army and Navy in Elizabeth's time. Position of the Clergy and
causes of their disrepute. Changes in the Universities; jobbery in
Schools and Universities and in the Church. Puritanism and the
Dramatists. Growth of London and its causes. Increase of Liti-
gation and its effects on the Legal Profession. The Medical Pro-
fession. Authors and their troubles. Attention paid to the Fine
Arts. Social conditions of the Trading and Yeoman Classes.
Depression of the Labouring Class. Serving-men. Treatment of
the Poor, Vagabonds and Criminals. General unrest and high
spirit. The Women of the age
336
Bibliographies.
381
0
Table of Principal Dates
483
0
Index of Names
487
.
.
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THE CAMBRIDGE HISTORY
OF ENGLISH LITERATURE
VOLUME V. THE DRAMA TO 1642
PART I
Second Impression, 1918, Corrections and Additions
The errata mentioned in volumes of the History published later than the first
edition of this volume have been corrected in the present impression. In addition,
some misprints noticed later have been corrected, and a few alterations made. A list
of the more important of these follows:
p. 158, 11. 1, 2 The pamphlet entitled The Poisoninge, etc. has been omitted.
p. 221 added at the end of the Hamlet paragraph
[But see Bullen, A. H. , in The Times, 3. xii. 1913. ]
p. 314 a footnote has been added
[See, however, bibliography, post, p. 474. ]
p. 366, 11. 18–23 for influx of population. . . quintupled read influx of inhabitants into
London and its suburbs was very notable. The overgrowth of the population beyond
the walls was, indeed, arrested by drastic provisions, dating from 1580; but the total
of the metropolitan population increased with extraordinary rapidity, and, in the
century after the accession of Elizabeth, probably, at least quintupled
p. 372, 11. 33-36 for revenges. . . work. read revenges on both sides; and, finally, the
Star chamber, which, in 1634, had ordered the burning of Prynne's Histrio-Mastix,
and inflicted what shame it could inflict upon the author of that work, was, seven
years later, swept away with the High Commission court, and several other tyrannical
tribunals.
pp. 381-4 added to the General Bibliography:
Boyer, C. V. The villain as hero in Elizabethan tragedy. 1914.
Mod. Lang. Rev. , General Index to volumes 1-x, Cambridge, 1915.
p. 386 added to the bibliography of chapter II:
Moorman, F. W. A Yorkshire Folk-Play. Essays and Studies. Oxford, 1911.
pp. 387-94 added to the bibliography of chapter III:
Greg, W. W. Bibliographical and Textual Problems of the English Miracle Cycles.
1914.
Dodds, M. H. The Problem of the Ludus Coventriae. Mod. Lang. Rev. vol. ix,
1914.
Smart, W. K. Some English and Latin Sources and Parallels for the Morality of
Wisdom. Wisconsin, 1912.
p. 393, 11, 1, 2 for Waley. . . fragment. read Waley, J. (c. 1557); by Copland, W.
(c. 1562); and earlier (see fragment in Lambeth Palace library).


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xvi
pp. 394-9 added to the bibliography of chapter IV:
Spearing, E. M. The Elizabethan Tenne Tragedies of Seneca. Mod. Lang. Rev.
vol. iv, 1908.
Cunliffe, J. W. (ed. ). Early English Classical Tragedies Gorboduc or Ferrex and
Porrex, Jocasta, Gismond of Salerne, The Misfortunes of Arthur. Oxford, 1912.
Manly, J. M. Essay on the Influence of the tragedies of Seneca upon Early English
Drama, prefixed to trans. of Seneca's Tragedies into English Verse by Miller, F. J.
Chicago, 1907.
pp. 401-14 added to the bibliography of chapter V:
Bond, R. W. Early Plays from the Italian. Supposes, The Buggbears, Misogonus.
Oxford, 1911.
Feuillerat, A. Documents relating to the Revels at Court in the time of King Edward VI
>
and Queen Mary. Bang's Materialien, XLIV, 1914.
Wallace, C. W. The Evolution of the English Drama up to Shakespeare. Berlin,
1912.
Reed, A. W. John Heywood and his Friends. The Library. 1917.
p. 411 W. H. Williams's edition of Jacke Jugeler was published in 1914 by the
Cambridge University Press.