It is one of the
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
Married
young, but separating from her husband, she
took refuge at Cirey with Madame du Châte-
let and Voltaire. Her first appearance in lit-
erature was with the Peruvian Letters,' a
palpable imitation of Montesquieu's Persian
Letters, but successful. A volume of her let.
ters appeared posthumously under the title
(The Private Life of Voltaire and Madame
du Châtelet,' a gossipy and trifling but very
readable work.
Graham, Nellie. See Dunning.
Grand, Mme. Sarah. An English novelist;
born (Frances Elizabeth Clarke) in Ireland.
She married a British naval officer almost im-
mediately upon leaving school, and has trav-
eled widely. (The Heavenly Twins) made her
famous. Singularly Deluded' and 'Ideala)
are among her other works of fiction.
Grand-Carteret, John (grän-kär-ter-ā). A
French journalist and critic; born in Paris,
about 1850. He is of Swiss origin, and first
distinguished himself in French journalism
through the accuracy and acuteness with which
he treated German themes. Of late years he
has made important studies of life and man-
ners in Europe. (Character and Caricature in
Germany, Austria, and Switzerland,' (France
Judged by a German,' "Woman and Germany,
and J. J. Rousseau, Judged by a Frenchman
of To-Day, are among his many successes.
Grant, Alexander, Sir. An English edu-
cator and writer; born in New York city,
Sept. 13, 1826; died in Edinburgh, Scotland,
Nov. 30, 1884. After graduating at Oxford he
went in 1859 to Madras, where he became pro-
fessor of history and political economy. He
was subsequently appointed director of public
instruction at Bombay, his administration mark-
ing an epoch in the history of education in
India. From his return to Scotland in 1868
till his death he was principal of the University
of Edinburgh. Besides contributions to peri-
odicals and the Encyclopædia Britannica, he
published a translation of the Ethics of Aris.
totle) (1857-58), his best-known work; lives of
Xenophon and Aristotle in Ancient Classics
for English Readers) (1871-77); (The Story of
the University of Edinburgh) (1883).
Grant, Anne. A Scotch memoirist and de-
scriptive prose-writer; born in Glasgow, Feb.
21, 1755; died in Edinburgh, Nov. 7, 1838.
She was in this country when a child, and
from her observations gathered at that time
wrote Memoirs of an American Lady) (1808),
a highly attractive delineation of our colonial
life. She is also the author of Essays on the
Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland)
(1811), besides miscellaneous prose.
Grant, George Monroe. A Canadian clergy-
man, educator, and author; born at Stellarton,
Pictou County, Nova Scotia, Dec. 22, 1835. He
received his education in his native province,
and subsequently won academic distinction in
the University of Glasgow, Scotland. On his
return to Nova Scotia he spent some time as a
missionary in the Maritime Provinces; became
pastor of St. Matthew's Church, Halifax; and
in 1877 accepted the principalship of Queen's
University. Besides contributions to periodical
literature his works include: 'Ocean to Ocean
(1872), an interesting diary of a tour across
the American continent; Picturesque Canada)
(1884), a valuable work on the scenery, in.
dustries, and social life of the Canadian Do.
minion.
Grant, James. A Scottish novelist and his-
torical writer; born in Edinburgh, Aug. 1, 1822;
died in London, May 5, 1887. He was a kins-
man of Sir Walter Scott. He entered the army
in 1839, but resigned in 1843, and devoted
himself to literary pursuits. (The Romance of
War) (1845) became at once popular, as also
(The Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp) (1848).
Among his other novels are: (Walter Fenton,
or the Scottish Cavalier) (1850); Bothwell)
(1851); Jane Seton) (1853); (The Phantom
Regiment (1856);( The Secret Dispatch) (1869);
(Under the Red Dragon' (1872); «Playing with
Fire) (1887), a story of the war in the Sou-
dan. He also wrote: (Memoirs of Kirkaldy
of Grange) (1849); Memorials of the Castle of
Edinburgh) (1850); (Old and New Edinburgh)
(1881); Scottish Soldiers of Fortune) (1889);
and others.
Grant, James Augustus. An English mili-
tary officer, explorer, and author; born at Nairn,
Scotland, in 1827; died Feb. 11 or 12, 1892. He
served in the Indian Mutiny at Multan and
Gujerat; and was wounded at Lucknow, when
as lieutenant-colonel he commanded the rear
guard. In 1860 63 he undertook with Capt.
Speke an expedition to find the sources of the
Nile, which resulted in the discovery of Lake
Victoria Nyanza. In 1868 he received “The
Star of India» for services rendered in the
Abyssinian campaign. He published: A Walk
Across Africa) (1863); (Botany of the Speke
and Grant Expedition (1872); Khartoum as
I Saw It in 1863' (1885).
Grant, Robert. An American lawyer and
author; born in Boston, Mass. , Jan. 24, 1852.
He graduated from Harvard in 1873 and the
Harvard Law School in 1879. Since 1893 he
has been a judge of probate and insolvency
## p. 230 (#246) ############################################
230
GRANT-GRAY
(
for Suffolk County, Mass. Among his most
popular works are: (The Little Tin Gods on
Wheels (1879); Confessions of a Frivolous
Girl' (1880); (An Average Man (1883); Face
to Face) (1886); (The Reflections of a Married
Man (1892); (The Art of Living. He also
wrote the well-known boys' stories, Jack Hall
(1887); Jack in the Bush) (1888).
Grant, Robert Edmond. A Scotch natural-
ist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1793; died
in 1874. He was educated in his native city
and on the Continent. Upon his return to
Edinburgh in 1819 he became a Fellow of the
Royal College of Physicians, and began the
practice of medicine. In 1827 he was elected
professor of zoology and comparative anatomy
in University College, London, a position which
he occupied for the rest of his life. His chief
work is Outlines of Comparative Anatomy,
for many years a favorite text-book, not only
in Great Britain, but on the Continent and in
America.
Grant, Ulysses Simpson. The greatest of
American generals, and eighteenth President
of the United States; born at Point Pleasant,
0. , April 27, 1822; died at Mt. McGregor, near
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. , July 23, 1885. His
( Personal Memoirs) seem destined to give
him enduring literary fame. *
Gras, Felix. A Provençal poet and novelist;
born at Malemort (Vaucluse), France, May 3,
1844. He is a lawyer and juge de paix" in the
department of Vaucluse, and one of the lead-
ing Provençal writers, standing next in popular
estimation to Mistral. His most famous work is
the (Reds of the Midi, a story of the French
Revolution, translated into English by Mrs. T.
A. Janvier; next in importance, 'Li Carbounie)
(1876), and "Toloza' (1882), epic poems; (Lou
Roumancero Prouvençau' (1887), shorter poems;
(Li Papalino) (1891), Avignon stories. He is
also editor of the “Armana Prouvençau, a
literary annual; and since 1891 has been the
“Capouliè," or official head, of the “Félibrige,
the society of Provençal men of letters.
Grassi, Angela (gräs'sē). A Spanish poet,
novelist, and playwright; born in Crema, Italy,
April 2, 1826. Her childhood was passed at
Barcelona, where at 15 she wrote the success-
ful drama "Crime and Expiation. (Riches of
the Soul) and (The Drop of Water) won a
prize from the Spanish Academy. (The Son-
in-Law, (The First Year of Marriage, and
(The Snowball' are her best-known novels.
Grattan, Henry. An Irish orator and states-
man; born in Dublin, June (? ) or July (? ) 3,
1746; died in London, June 4, 1820. His works,
with the exception of the political pamphlets,
the (Correspondence, and (Letter on the Irish
Union,' consist wholly of his speeches as the
champion of Catholic emancipation and the
inviolability of the Irish Parliament. His lan-
guage is vivid, warm, and contagious. ) *
Grattan, Thomas Colley. An Irish novel-
ist and sketch-writer; born in Dublin, 1792;
died in London, July 4, 1864. He abandoned
law for the army, and from a wandering life
obtained materials for his "Highways and By-
ways) (1823), a collection of tales and studies
that proved highly popular. ( The Heiress of
Bruges) (1828) is a historical novel. Some less
important fictions, plays, and translations of
French poetry complete the sum of his literary
product.
Gravière, Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de la
(gräv-yār'). A French admiral and author; born
in Brest, France, Nov. 19, 1812; died in Paris,
March 5, 1892. He served with distinction in
Chinese waters (1841), the Black Sea, and the
Mediterranean; and as commander of the expe-
dition against Mexico arranged the treaty of
Soledad (1861). He was chosen a member of
the French Academy in 1868. His numer-
ous works include: (Sardinia in 1841) (1841);
(Souvenir of an Admiral (1860); (The An.
cient Navy); (The Modern Navy); Mari-
time Wars of the Revolution and Empire);
(The Navy of the Ancients and the Cam-
paigns of Alexander) (10 vols. ), a great work
which places the author in the front rank of
military historians.
Gray, Asa. An eminent American botanist;
born at Paris, N. Y. , Nov. 18, 1810; died at
Cambridge, Mass. , January 1888. He was pro-
fessor of botany at Harvard from 1842 to
1873, when he resigned to take charge of the
herbarium of Harvard. In 1874 he was chosen
a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He
was recognized throughout the world as one
of the leading botanists of the age. Besides
contributions to scientific journals, his numer-
ous works include: Elements of Botany)
(1836); Manual of the Botany of the North-
ern United States) (1848); Botany of the
United States Pacific Exploring Expedition'
(1854); (School and Field Book of Botany)
(1869); Natural Science and Religion (1880).
Gray, David. An American journalist and
poet; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 9,
1836; died in Binghamton, N. Y. , March 18,
1888. He was on the editorial staff of the
Buffalo Courier from 1856 to 1882. A volume
of his letters, poems, and selected prose writ-
ings was published posthumously in 1888.
Gray, David. A Scotch poet; born in Merk-
land, Dumbartonshire, Jan. 29, 1838; died there,
Dec. 3, 1861. He was the son of a factory
operative, and his education was obtained
through many difficulties. The Luggie, a
poem of the didactic and descriptive order,
published posthumously, displays an exquisite
though ill-regulated genius.
Gray, Thomas. A great English poet; born
at Cornhill, London, Dec. 26, 1716; died at
Cambridge, July 24, 1771. He is known in every
household for the Elegy in a Country Church-
Yard,' published 1751, though begun seven years
before. The (Ode on a Distant Prospect of
Eton College) (1747); "Ode to Adversity';
(Progress of Poetry); and (The Bard) (1757),
are also famous.
:
*
## p. 231 (#247) ############################################
GRAZIANI - GREENE
231
Graziani, Girolamo (gräts''ē-an'ē). An Ital.
ian poet; born in Pergola in 1604; died there,
Sept. 10, 1675. He received his education at
Bologna and Padua, and became prominent in
the service of various Italian princes, until the
Duke of Modena, Francis I. , created him Count
of Sarzano (or Saryana), when he retired, to
devote himself to literature. (Cleopatra, a
heroic poem on the model of Tasso, and (The
Conquest of Granada, are his happiest efforts
in metre. A tragedy, Cromweil,' was extraor-
dinarily popular for a time.
Grazzini, Antonio Francesco (grät-së'nē).
An Italian humorist and poet; born in Flor-
ence, March 22, 1503; died there, Feb. 18, 1584.
Of much native humor, he graduated from
apothecary to writer of literary burlesques. He
was one of the founders of the celebrated
Florentine Academy; was expelled in conse-
quence of a disputed question of grammar, and
established the renowned Accadèmia della
Crusca, whose mission was the purification of
the Italian tongue. His literary reputation rests
on his "Suppers,' written on the model of Boc-
caccio, and vastly popular at one time. In
style they are pure and refined, and they con-
tributed much to the literary development of
the language. Seven highly amusing comedies,
of a not high literary flavor, and a burlesque
poem, (The War of Monsters, complete the
list of his remembered achievements.
Greeley, Horace. A famous American edi.
tor and controversial writer; born in Amherst,
N. H. , Feb. 3, 1811; died in New York, Nov.
29, 1872. In the countless articles, papers, and
pamphlets that issued from his pen, as well as
in "The American Conflict) and (Recollections
of a Busy Life,' he is revealed as the consist-
ent and able opponent of social wrongs and
ills of every description; and as a writer he is
gifted with a nervous, living style that power-
fully supports the arguments he advances. In
(Glances at Europe) and like works he is
happy in description. *
Greely, Adolphus Washington. An Amer-
ican soldier, Arctic explorer, and author; born
at Newburyport, Mass. , March 27, 1844. Be-
longing to the regular army, in 1881 he com-
manded an Arctic expedition to establish cir-
cumpolar stations for scientific purposes, in
accordance with a plan made by the Inter-
national Congress at Hamburg in 1879. He
reached the highest point north attained up to
that time, but endured great suffering and loss
of men from cold and starvation. Among his
works are: (Three Years of Arctic Service)
(1886); (American Weather) (1888); Hand-
book of Arctic Discoveries,
Green, Anna Katharine - Mrs. Rohlfs. An
American author; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Nov.
II, 1846. She graduated at Ripley (female) Col-
lege, Poultney, Vt. , 1867. Her novels are detect-
ive stories, and enjoy great popularity. (The
Leavenworth Case) (1878) is one of her best.
Included in her publications are: (Risifi's
Daughter) (1866), a dramatic poem; «The
Sword of Damocles); A Strange Disappear.
ance); (Hand and Ring); (The Mill Mystery);
(Behind Closed Doors); (X, Y, Z'; (That
Affair Next Door); etc.
Green, John Richard. An English clergy-
man and historian; born in Oxford, 1837 ; died
at Mentone, France, March 7, 1883. He ruined
his health and died early through fiery zeal in
work among the London poor; much of his
vast research and his writing were done in bed.
The (Short History of the English People!
is perhaps the highest combination in his-
torical writing of sound scholarship, immense
and perfectly assimilated reading, and a liter-
ary style of great charm, lucidity, and swiftness.
(The Making of England and “The Conquest
of England) are studies of special periods. *
Green, Joseph. An American poet, - famed
for his loyalty to England; born in Boston,
Mass. , in 1706; died in London, England, Dec.
II, 1780; graduated at Harvard 1726. He was
a ready wit and satirist. His works include:
(The Wonderful Lament of Old Mr. Tenor)
(1744); (Poems and Satires) (1780).
Green, Matthew. A British poet; born in
1696 ; died in Nag's Head Court, in 1737. (The
Spleen, most noted of his poems for originality
and wit, was published (1737) after his death,
by his friend Richard Glover.
It is one of the
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
The familiar quotation «Fling but a stone, the
giant dies," is from this poem.
Green, Thomas Hill. An English philoso-
pher and humanist; born in Birkin, Yorkshire,
April 7, 1836; died at Oxford, March 26, 1882.
His profound learning and attractive personal
qualities made him a strong influence in British
thought, and the chief exponent of the Neo-
Hegelian movement. His works include: In-
troduction to Hume); (Treatise on Human
Nature); (Collected Writings); and Prolegom.
ena to Ethics. *
Greene, Aella. An American journalist and
poet; born in Chester, Mass. , in 1838. He is
connected with the press in Springfield, Mass.
His works include: Rhymes of Yankee-Land”;
(Into the Sunshine) (1881);“Stanza and Sequel
(1884); (Gathered from Life.
Greene, Albert Gorton. An American law.
yer and poet; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb.
10, 1802; died in Cleveland, O. , Jan. 4, 1868.
He wrote the famous poem Old Grimes. )
Greene, Asa. An American author; born in
Ashburnham, Mass. , 1788; died in New York
city, 1837. He graduated at Williams Col-
lege, and in 1827 received a degree from the
Berkshire Medical School. He was a book-
seller of the old-fashioned kind, and noted as
a humorist. He served for some time as edi.
tor of the New York Evening Transcript. His
publications include: Adventures of Dr. Dodi-
mus Duckworth, A. N. Q. ; to which is added,
the History of a Steam Doctor) (1833); and
Debtor's Prison (1837).
a
## p. 232 (#248) ############################################
232
GREENE - GREIF
26-166/2.
Greene, Francis Vinton. An American sol-
dier and author; born in Providence, R. I. ,
June 27, 1850. He graduated from West Point
in 1870, and served until 1880, when he resigned
with the rank of captain. He was assistant
astronomer on the Northwest Boundary Sur-
vey from 1872 to 1876, and was attached to
the headquarters of the Russian army during
the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. His chief
works are: “The Russian Army and its Cam-
paigns in Turkey) (1879); (Army Life in Rus-
sia) (1880); “The Mississippi? (1882); Life of
Nathaniel Greene) (1893).
Greene, George Washington. An Ameri-
can historian, grandson of Gen. Nathaniel
Greene; born in East Greenwich, R. I. , April
8, 1811; died there, Feb. 2, 1883. Among his
works are: History and Geography of the
Middle Ages) (1851); (Historical View of the
American Revolution) (1865); "Life of Nathan-
iel Greene) (1867–71).
Greene, Homer. An American story-writer;
born at Ariel, Pa. , in 1853, and resides at Hones-
dale, Pa. He is the author of 'The Blind
Brother, a Story of the Pennsylvania Coal
Mines) (1887); (Burnham Breaker) (1887);
(Riverpark Rebellion.
Greene, Louisa Lelias, Hon. An English
writer of juveniles; born (third Lord Plunket's
daughter) in 1833. Her works, widely popular,
include: (A Winter and Summer at Burton
Hill (1861); Cushions and Corners) (1864);
(The Schoolboy Baronet) (1870); (Gilbert's
Shadow) (1875); (Jubilee Hall (1881). She
wrote with her cousin W. H. Wills the drama-
tist : (Drawing-Room Dramas); Prince Cree-
sus in Search of a Wife) (1873), a translation.
Greene, Robert. An English dramatist; born
in Norwich about 1560; died in London, Sept.
3, 1592. His works rank him as the most ori-
ginal and perhaps the ablest British dramatist
before Shakespeare: especially the History of
Orlando Furioso); (Comical History of Al-
phonsus, King of Aragon); (Honorable History
of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay); and (The
Scottish Historie of James IV. His pamphlets
and tracts, which he wrote with great rapidity
and ability, are noteworthy; Never Too Late)
and (Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit Bought
with a Million of Repentance being most
widely known. *
Greene, Mrs. Sarah Pratt (McLean). An
American novelist; born at Simsbury, Conn. , in
1858. She was educated at South Hadley Semi-
nary, and for several years taught school in
Plymouth, Mass. Her best-known novel is
(Cape Cod Folks) (1881). Among her other
works are: (Towhead, the Story of a Girl)
(1884); "Lastchance Junction (1889).
Greenough, Sarah Dana (Loring). An
American author; born in Boston, Feb. 19, 1827;
died in Franzensbad, Austria, Aug. 9, 1885.
Among her works are : (Treason at Home,' a
novel (3 vols. , 1865); (Arabesques) (1871); 'In
Extremis, a Story of a Broken Law) (1872);
and (Mary Magdalene,' a poem (1880).
Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott.
Greey, Edward (grē). An English-American
story-writer; born in Sandwich, Kent, England,
Dec. I, 1835; died in New York, Oct. 1, 1888.
After spending several years in Japan, he came
to the United States in 1868, became a citizen,
and engaged in commercial pursuits in New
York. Among his plays are (Vendome) and
(Uncle Abner. His historical works include
(Young Americans in Japan (Boston, 1881),
and "The Wonderful City of Tokio. He wrote
a pleasing collection of Japanese short stories,
(The Golden Lotus, etc. (1883); (The Captive
of Love, founded on a Japanese romance;
translated (The Loyal Ronins); etc.
Greg, William Rathbone. A religious and
economic essayist; born in Manchester, Eng.
land, in 1809; died in 1881. In 1856 he be-
came a commissioner of customs, and in 1864
was appointed comptroller of the Stationery
Office. His views of life were profoundly
serious and even melancholy, and his works
exerted a great influence from their earnest-
ness and sincerity. The most important are :
(Sketches in Greece and Turkey) (1833); (The
German Schism and the Irish Priests) (1845);
(The Creed of Christendom (1851), his chief
work; Essays in Political and Social Science)
(1853); (Enigmas of Life) (1872); Literary
and Social Judgments) (1877).
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (greg--rõ'vē-ös).
A German historian and poet; born in Nei-
denburg, East Prussia, Jan. 19, 1821; died at
Munich, May 1, 1891. He studied severely at
Königsberg and at home, and wrote essays of
deep scholarship; (Socialistic Elements in
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister); a tragedy, “The
Death of Tiberius,' of the ripest historical learn-
ing; (Corsica); and other most authoritative
books of travel and description, based on close
personal study. He wrote also (Euphorion,'
an epic, and other poems of high repute. But
his historical works, of unsurpassed learning
and vivid realization of the spirit of their times,
are the most commanding monument of his
genius. (The City of Rome in the Middle
Ages, (Lucretia Borgia,' (Urban VIII. , (The
Monuments of the Popes,' and Athenais,' need
but be named.
Gregory, Robert. An English clergyman.
and writer; born in 1819. He received his edu.
cation at Oxford; was curate of St. Mary-the-
Less, Lambeth (1853-73); became canon of St.
Paul's in 1868, and dean in 1890 in succession
to Dean Church. Aside from his clerical duties,
he has devoted much attention to charitable
and educational work. Among his publications
are: (A Plea in Behalf of Small Parishes)
(1849); Lectures at St. Paul's) (1871-82); (Posi-
tion of the Celebrant Aspect in Convocation
(1875).
Greif, Martin (grif). [An adopted name. ]
A German poet and dramatist, son of Max
Frey the publicist; born in Speyer, June 18,
1839. Designed for public life, he preferred
the literary career. Hans Sachs,' a successful
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
GREIFENSON - GRIEPENKERL
233
drama, was followed by a volume of poems,
the tragedies (Corfiz Ulfeldt, the Count Chan-
cellor of Denmark,' (Marino Faliero, the light
comedy "Walter's Return to his Country, and
numerous other works of high literary qualities
and scholarship. Strikingly successful plays
also are (Francesca da Rimini, and Agnes
Bernauer, the Angel of Augsburg. ' He is also
a noted lyric poet.
Greifenson. See Grimmelshausen.
Grein, J. T. An Anglo-Dutch attorney, jour-
nalist, playwright, and dramatic critic; born in
Amsterdam, Oct. II, 1862. He was educated
in Holland, Germany, and Belgium, and from
1879 to 1885 was engaged in the East India
trade and banking. He is at present an attor-
ney in London, besides being dramatic critic
of Life and the Westminster Review, London
editor of three papers in Holland, and corre-
spondent of several French and German jour-
nals. In 1891 he founded the Independent
Theatre Society. Besides (A Man's Love,
produced in 1889 with C. W. Jarvis as co-
author, and other plays, his works include
(in Dutch): Dramatic Essays) (1884); (Sil.
houettes) (short novels), published in 1885;
(London: Wealth and Poverty) (1890); ('Twixt
Light and Dark,' short stories.
Grénier, Édouard (grān-yā'). A French poet ;
born in Baumes-les-Dames, Doubs, in 1819. He
abandoned the diplomatic service for poetry.
(Little Poems) was his maiden collection ;
(The Death of the Wandering Jew) attained
repute for delicacy and suggestiveness, and
Dramatic Poems) for intense power. His
lines on (The Death of President Lincoln)
were crowned by the Academy.
Grenville-Murray, Eustace Clare. An
English descriptive and topical writer and di-
plomatist; born 1824; died Dec. 20, 1881. He
experimented unsuccessfully in fiction, and then
won reputation with French Pictures in Eng.
lish Chalks, a series of humorous sketches;
(History of the French Press) (1874); (Round
about France' (1878); and (Side Lights on
English Society) (3d ed. 1889). "The Member
for Paris) (1871) had some vogue.
Gresset, Jean Baptiste Louis de (gres-sā).
A French poet, dramatist, and satirist; born
in Amiens, Aug. 29, 1709; died there, June 16,
1777. Early a Jesuit and teacher, he gained
some repute from a pleasing ode (On the
Love of One's Native Land); and rose to
fame by (Vert-Vert,' a highly original and de-
liciously humorous verse narrative of a parrot
brought up in a nunnery but falling into evil
society. His tendency to burlesque and irrev.
erence in his poetry caused his expulsion from
the order on the appearance of “The Impro-
vised Carnival) and (The Living Reading-
Desk. ' He cared nothing for this, and shortly
after rose to the pinnacle of popularity through
(The Naughty Man. He entered the Academy
in 1748, and wrote much popular prose and
poetry; but later in life became alarmed con-
cerning his soul, and abjured all his writings.
Gréville, Henry (grā-vēl'), pseudonym of Ma-
dame Alice Durand. A French novelist;
born (Fleury) in Paris, Oct. 12, 1842. She
received her education in Russia, and began
her literary career with contributions to St.
Petersburg journals. Upon her marriage to
Prof. Émile Durand, she returned to France
and continued her literary activity, making use
of her Russian experiences in a series of novels
which became very popular, notably (Dosia)
and (The Expiation of Saveli. Her genius
is essentially realistic, with an occasional tend-
ency toward the romantic. (Cleopatra,' 'A
Russian Violin, (A Crime, and (An Ancient
Household, are types of this class of novel.
Greygon, Émile (gra-zôn”). A Belgian poet,
novelist, and essayist; born Aug. 17, 1823, in
Brussels, where he is a high educational offi.
cial. His early reputation was through poems,
stories, and essays in Belgian papers; his later
fame is European. Fiamma Colonna) and
(Tales of a Flemish Subject) are his best fic-
tions. His translations and literary papers in
the Belgian Review, etc. , make him a repre-
sentative man of letters at home.
Gribojedov, Alexander Sergeievich (grē-bo-
yā'dov). A Russian dramatic poet and states-
man; born in Moscow, Jan. 15, 1793; killed
at Teheran, Persia, Feb. II, 1829. A distin-
guished soldier and diplomat, he was assassin.
ated while minister to Persia, during an anti-
Russian tumult in Teheran. As a writer his
reputation rests mainly upon Knowledge
Brings Suffering,' a drama in verse, delineat.
ing Russian society with bitter fidelity. (A
Georgian Night) and a rendering of the Pre-
lude to Faust) are also creditable productions.
Grieben, Hermann (grē'ben). A German
poet and journalist; born in Köslin, Feb. 8,
1822; died at Cologne, Sept. 24, 1890. He
studied at Breslau and rose to prominence in
journalism, editing the Ostsee Zeitung, the
Kölnische Zeitung, and other equally important
sheets. He wrote (Too Late,' a tragedy, under
the pseudonym of « Roderick," and a valuable
volume on Dante; besides poems in three col-
lected editions, including “Voices of the Time. )
Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (grēp'ben.
kārl). A German poet, dramatist, and essayist;
born in Hofwyl, Bern, Switzerland, May 4,
1810; died at Brunswick, Oct. 16, 1868. He be-
came a tutor and professor of literature soon
after the completion of his university course.
His Pictures from Classic Greece,' a collection
of poems, attracted attention, and an epic on
(The Sistine Madonna' made him celebrated.
He wrote several excellent works on music.
(Artistic Genius in German Literature during
the Last Century) was for years an authority
upon the subject. As a playwright, Maximil.
ian Robespierre) and (The Girondins) entitle
him to no minor place, and his "Ideal and
World) and (In the Upper Sphere have been
staged many times. He wrote a volume of
stories that possess merit.
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
GRIESINGER-GRIMMELSHAUSEN
career.
Griesinger, Karl Theodor (grē'zing-er). A
German novelist and sketch-writer; born Dec.
young, but separating from her husband, she
took refuge at Cirey with Madame du Châte-
let and Voltaire. Her first appearance in lit-
erature was with the Peruvian Letters,' a
palpable imitation of Montesquieu's Persian
Letters, but successful. A volume of her let.
ters appeared posthumously under the title
(The Private Life of Voltaire and Madame
du Châtelet,' a gossipy and trifling but very
readable work.
Graham, Nellie. See Dunning.
Grand, Mme. Sarah. An English novelist;
born (Frances Elizabeth Clarke) in Ireland.
She married a British naval officer almost im-
mediately upon leaving school, and has trav-
eled widely. (The Heavenly Twins) made her
famous. Singularly Deluded' and 'Ideala)
are among her other works of fiction.
Grand-Carteret, John (grän-kär-ter-ā). A
French journalist and critic; born in Paris,
about 1850. He is of Swiss origin, and first
distinguished himself in French journalism
through the accuracy and acuteness with which
he treated German themes. Of late years he
has made important studies of life and man-
ners in Europe. (Character and Caricature in
Germany, Austria, and Switzerland,' (France
Judged by a German,' "Woman and Germany,
and J. J. Rousseau, Judged by a Frenchman
of To-Day, are among his many successes.
Grant, Alexander, Sir. An English edu-
cator and writer; born in New York city,
Sept. 13, 1826; died in Edinburgh, Scotland,
Nov. 30, 1884. After graduating at Oxford he
went in 1859 to Madras, where he became pro-
fessor of history and political economy. He
was subsequently appointed director of public
instruction at Bombay, his administration mark-
ing an epoch in the history of education in
India. From his return to Scotland in 1868
till his death he was principal of the University
of Edinburgh. Besides contributions to peri-
odicals and the Encyclopædia Britannica, he
published a translation of the Ethics of Aris.
totle) (1857-58), his best-known work; lives of
Xenophon and Aristotle in Ancient Classics
for English Readers) (1871-77); (The Story of
the University of Edinburgh) (1883).
Grant, Anne. A Scotch memoirist and de-
scriptive prose-writer; born in Glasgow, Feb.
21, 1755; died in Edinburgh, Nov. 7, 1838.
She was in this country when a child, and
from her observations gathered at that time
wrote Memoirs of an American Lady) (1808),
a highly attractive delineation of our colonial
life. She is also the author of Essays on the
Superstitions of the Highlands of Scotland)
(1811), besides miscellaneous prose.
Grant, George Monroe. A Canadian clergy-
man, educator, and author; born at Stellarton,
Pictou County, Nova Scotia, Dec. 22, 1835. He
received his education in his native province,
and subsequently won academic distinction in
the University of Glasgow, Scotland. On his
return to Nova Scotia he spent some time as a
missionary in the Maritime Provinces; became
pastor of St. Matthew's Church, Halifax; and
in 1877 accepted the principalship of Queen's
University. Besides contributions to periodical
literature his works include: 'Ocean to Ocean
(1872), an interesting diary of a tour across
the American continent; Picturesque Canada)
(1884), a valuable work on the scenery, in.
dustries, and social life of the Canadian Do.
minion.
Grant, James. A Scottish novelist and his-
torical writer; born in Edinburgh, Aug. 1, 1822;
died in London, May 5, 1887. He was a kins-
man of Sir Walter Scott. He entered the army
in 1839, but resigned in 1843, and devoted
himself to literary pursuits. (The Romance of
War) (1845) became at once popular, as also
(The Adventures of an Aide-de-Camp) (1848).
Among his other novels are: (Walter Fenton,
or the Scottish Cavalier) (1850); Bothwell)
(1851); Jane Seton) (1853); (The Phantom
Regiment (1856);( The Secret Dispatch) (1869);
(Under the Red Dragon' (1872); «Playing with
Fire) (1887), a story of the war in the Sou-
dan. He also wrote: (Memoirs of Kirkaldy
of Grange) (1849); Memorials of the Castle of
Edinburgh) (1850); (Old and New Edinburgh)
(1881); Scottish Soldiers of Fortune) (1889);
and others.
Grant, James Augustus. An English mili-
tary officer, explorer, and author; born at Nairn,
Scotland, in 1827; died Feb. 11 or 12, 1892. He
served in the Indian Mutiny at Multan and
Gujerat; and was wounded at Lucknow, when
as lieutenant-colonel he commanded the rear
guard. In 1860 63 he undertook with Capt.
Speke an expedition to find the sources of the
Nile, which resulted in the discovery of Lake
Victoria Nyanza. In 1868 he received “The
Star of India» for services rendered in the
Abyssinian campaign. He published: A Walk
Across Africa) (1863); (Botany of the Speke
and Grant Expedition (1872); Khartoum as
I Saw It in 1863' (1885).
Grant, Robert. An American lawyer and
author; born in Boston, Mass. , Jan. 24, 1852.
He graduated from Harvard in 1873 and the
Harvard Law School in 1879. Since 1893 he
has been a judge of probate and insolvency
## p. 230 (#246) ############################################
230
GRANT-GRAY
(
for Suffolk County, Mass. Among his most
popular works are: (The Little Tin Gods on
Wheels (1879); Confessions of a Frivolous
Girl' (1880); (An Average Man (1883); Face
to Face) (1886); (The Reflections of a Married
Man (1892); (The Art of Living. He also
wrote the well-known boys' stories, Jack Hall
(1887); Jack in the Bush) (1888).
Grant, Robert Edmond. A Scotch natural-
ist; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, 1793; died
in 1874. He was educated in his native city
and on the Continent. Upon his return to
Edinburgh in 1819 he became a Fellow of the
Royal College of Physicians, and began the
practice of medicine. In 1827 he was elected
professor of zoology and comparative anatomy
in University College, London, a position which
he occupied for the rest of his life. His chief
work is Outlines of Comparative Anatomy,
for many years a favorite text-book, not only
in Great Britain, but on the Continent and in
America.
Grant, Ulysses Simpson. The greatest of
American generals, and eighteenth President
of the United States; born at Point Pleasant,
0. , April 27, 1822; died at Mt. McGregor, near
Saratoga Springs, N. Y. , July 23, 1885. His
( Personal Memoirs) seem destined to give
him enduring literary fame. *
Gras, Felix. A Provençal poet and novelist;
born at Malemort (Vaucluse), France, May 3,
1844. He is a lawyer and juge de paix" in the
department of Vaucluse, and one of the lead-
ing Provençal writers, standing next in popular
estimation to Mistral. His most famous work is
the (Reds of the Midi, a story of the French
Revolution, translated into English by Mrs. T.
A. Janvier; next in importance, 'Li Carbounie)
(1876), and "Toloza' (1882), epic poems; (Lou
Roumancero Prouvençau' (1887), shorter poems;
(Li Papalino) (1891), Avignon stories. He is
also editor of the “Armana Prouvençau, a
literary annual; and since 1891 has been the
“Capouliè," or official head, of the “Félibrige,
the society of Provençal men of letters.
Grassi, Angela (gräs'sē). A Spanish poet,
novelist, and playwright; born in Crema, Italy,
April 2, 1826. Her childhood was passed at
Barcelona, where at 15 she wrote the success-
ful drama "Crime and Expiation. (Riches of
the Soul) and (The Drop of Water) won a
prize from the Spanish Academy. (The Son-
in-Law, (The First Year of Marriage, and
(The Snowball' are her best-known novels.
Grattan, Henry. An Irish orator and states-
man; born in Dublin, June (? ) or July (? ) 3,
1746; died in London, June 4, 1820. His works,
with the exception of the political pamphlets,
the (Correspondence, and (Letter on the Irish
Union,' consist wholly of his speeches as the
champion of Catholic emancipation and the
inviolability of the Irish Parliament. His lan-
guage is vivid, warm, and contagious. ) *
Grattan, Thomas Colley. An Irish novel-
ist and sketch-writer; born in Dublin, 1792;
died in London, July 4, 1864. He abandoned
law for the army, and from a wandering life
obtained materials for his "Highways and By-
ways) (1823), a collection of tales and studies
that proved highly popular. ( The Heiress of
Bruges) (1828) is a historical novel. Some less
important fictions, plays, and translations of
French poetry complete the sum of his literary
product.
Gravière, Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de la
(gräv-yār'). A French admiral and author; born
in Brest, France, Nov. 19, 1812; died in Paris,
March 5, 1892. He served with distinction in
Chinese waters (1841), the Black Sea, and the
Mediterranean; and as commander of the expe-
dition against Mexico arranged the treaty of
Soledad (1861). He was chosen a member of
the French Academy in 1868. His numer-
ous works include: (Sardinia in 1841) (1841);
(Souvenir of an Admiral (1860); (The An.
cient Navy); (The Modern Navy); Mari-
time Wars of the Revolution and Empire);
(The Navy of the Ancients and the Cam-
paigns of Alexander) (10 vols. ), a great work
which places the author in the front rank of
military historians.
Gray, Asa. An eminent American botanist;
born at Paris, N. Y. , Nov. 18, 1810; died at
Cambridge, Mass. , January 1888. He was pro-
fessor of botany at Harvard from 1842 to
1873, when he resigned to take charge of the
herbarium of Harvard. In 1874 he was chosen
a regent of the Smithsonian Institution. He
was recognized throughout the world as one
of the leading botanists of the age. Besides
contributions to scientific journals, his numer-
ous works include: Elements of Botany)
(1836); Manual of the Botany of the North-
ern United States) (1848); Botany of the
United States Pacific Exploring Expedition'
(1854); (School and Field Book of Botany)
(1869); Natural Science and Religion (1880).
Gray, David. An American journalist and
poet; born in Edinburgh, Scotland, Nov. 9,
1836; died in Binghamton, N. Y. , March 18,
1888. He was on the editorial staff of the
Buffalo Courier from 1856 to 1882. A volume
of his letters, poems, and selected prose writ-
ings was published posthumously in 1888.
Gray, David. A Scotch poet; born in Merk-
land, Dumbartonshire, Jan. 29, 1838; died there,
Dec. 3, 1861. He was the son of a factory
operative, and his education was obtained
through many difficulties. The Luggie, a
poem of the didactic and descriptive order,
published posthumously, displays an exquisite
though ill-regulated genius.
Gray, Thomas. A great English poet; born
at Cornhill, London, Dec. 26, 1716; died at
Cambridge, July 24, 1771. He is known in every
household for the Elegy in a Country Church-
Yard,' published 1751, though begun seven years
before. The (Ode on a Distant Prospect of
Eton College) (1747); "Ode to Adversity';
(Progress of Poetry); and (The Bard) (1757),
are also famous.
:
*
## p. 231 (#247) ############################################
GRAZIANI - GREENE
231
Graziani, Girolamo (gräts''ē-an'ē). An Ital.
ian poet; born in Pergola in 1604; died there,
Sept. 10, 1675. He received his education at
Bologna and Padua, and became prominent in
the service of various Italian princes, until the
Duke of Modena, Francis I. , created him Count
of Sarzano (or Saryana), when he retired, to
devote himself to literature. (Cleopatra, a
heroic poem on the model of Tasso, and (The
Conquest of Granada, are his happiest efforts
in metre. A tragedy, Cromweil,' was extraor-
dinarily popular for a time.
Grazzini, Antonio Francesco (grät-së'nē).
An Italian humorist and poet; born in Flor-
ence, March 22, 1503; died there, Feb. 18, 1584.
Of much native humor, he graduated from
apothecary to writer of literary burlesques. He
was one of the founders of the celebrated
Florentine Academy; was expelled in conse-
quence of a disputed question of grammar, and
established the renowned Accadèmia della
Crusca, whose mission was the purification of
the Italian tongue. His literary reputation rests
on his "Suppers,' written on the model of Boc-
caccio, and vastly popular at one time. In
style they are pure and refined, and they con-
tributed much to the literary development of
the language. Seven highly amusing comedies,
of a not high literary flavor, and a burlesque
poem, (The War of Monsters, complete the
list of his remembered achievements.
Greeley, Horace. A famous American edi.
tor and controversial writer; born in Amherst,
N. H. , Feb. 3, 1811; died in New York, Nov.
29, 1872. In the countless articles, papers, and
pamphlets that issued from his pen, as well as
in "The American Conflict) and (Recollections
of a Busy Life,' he is revealed as the consist-
ent and able opponent of social wrongs and
ills of every description; and as a writer he is
gifted with a nervous, living style that power-
fully supports the arguments he advances. In
(Glances at Europe) and like works he is
happy in description. *
Greely, Adolphus Washington. An Amer-
ican soldier, Arctic explorer, and author; born
at Newburyport, Mass. , March 27, 1844. Be-
longing to the regular army, in 1881 he com-
manded an Arctic expedition to establish cir-
cumpolar stations for scientific purposes, in
accordance with a plan made by the Inter-
national Congress at Hamburg in 1879. He
reached the highest point north attained up to
that time, but endured great suffering and loss
of men from cold and starvation. Among his
works are: (Three Years of Arctic Service)
(1886); (American Weather) (1888); Hand-
book of Arctic Discoveries,
Green, Anna Katharine - Mrs. Rohlfs. An
American author; born in Brooklyn, N. Y. , Nov.
II, 1846. She graduated at Ripley (female) Col-
lege, Poultney, Vt. , 1867. Her novels are detect-
ive stories, and enjoy great popularity. (The
Leavenworth Case) (1878) is one of her best.
Included in her publications are: (Risifi's
Daughter) (1866), a dramatic poem; «The
Sword of Damocles); A Strange Disappear.
ance); (Hand and Ring); (The Mill Mystery);
(Behind Closed Doors); (X, Y, Z'; (That
Affair Next Door); etc.
Green, John Richard. An English clergy-
man and historian; born in Oxford, 1837 ; died
at Mentone, France, March 7, 1883. He ruined
his health and died early through fiery zeal in
work among the London poor; much of his
vast research and his writing were done in bed.
The (Short History of the English People!
is perhaps the highest combination in his-
torical writing of sound scholarship, immense
and perfectly assimilated reading, and a liter-
ary style of great charm, lucidity, and swiftness.
(The Making of England and “The Conquest
of England) are studies of special periods. *
Green, Joseph. An American poet, - famed
for his loyalty to England; born in Boston,
Mass. , in 1706; died in London, England, Dec.
II, 1780; graduated at Harvard 1726. He was
a ready wit and satirist. His works include:
(The Wonderful Lament of Old Mr. Tenor)
(1744); (Poems and Satires) (1780).
Green, Matthew. A British poet; born in
1696 ; died in Nag's Head Court, in 1737. (The
Spleen, most noted of his poems for originality
and wit, was published (1737) after his death,
by his friend Richard Glover.
It is one of the
best of its class, and was a favorite with Gray.
The familiar quotation «Fling but a stone, the
giant dies," is from this poem.
Green, Thomas Hill. An English philoso-
pher and humanist; born in Birkin, Yorkshire,
April 7, 1836; died at Oxford, March 26, 1882.
His profound learning and attractive personal
qualities made him a strong influence in British
thought, and the chief exponent of the Neo-
Hegelian movement. His works include: In-
troduction to Hume); (Treatise on Human
Nature); (Collected Writings); and Prolegom.
ena to Ethics. *
Greene, Aella. An American journalist and
poet; born in Chester, Mass. , in 1838. He is
connected with the press in Springfield, Mass.
His works include: Rhymes of Yankee-Land”;
(Into the Sunshine) (1881);“Stanza and Sequel
(1884); (Gathered from Life.
Greene, Albert Gorton. An American law.
yer and poet; born in Providence, R. I. , Feb.
10, 1802; died in Cleveland, O. , Jan. 4, 1868.
He wrote the famous poem Old Grimes. )
Greene, Asa. An American author; born in
Ashburnham, Mass. , 1788; died in New York
city, 1837. He graduated at Williams Col-
lege, and in 1827 received a degree from the
Berkshire Medical School. He was a book-
seller of the old-fashioned kind, and noted as
a humorist. He served for some time as edi.
tor of the New York Evening Transcript. His
publications include: Adventures of Dr. Dodi-
mus Duckworth, A. N. Q. ; to which is added,
the History of a Steam Doctor) (1833); and
Debtor's Prison (1837).
a
## p. 232 (#248) ############################################
232
GREENE - GREIF
26-166/2.
Greene, Francis Vinton. An American sol-
dier and author; born in Providence, R. I. ,
June 27, 1850. He graduated from West Point
in 1870, and served until 1880, when he resigned
with the rank of captain. He was assistant
astronomer on the Northwest Boundary Sur-
vey from 1872 to 1876, and was attached to
the headquarters of the Russian army during
the Russo-Turkish War of 1877–78. His chief
works are: “The Russian Army and its Cam-
paigns in Turkey) (1879); (Army Life in Rus-
sia) (1880); “The Mississippi? (1882); Life of
Nathaniel Greene) (1893).
Greene, George Washington. An Ameri-
can historian, grandson of Gen. Nathaniel
Greene; born in East Greenwich, R. I. , April
8, 1811; died there, Feb. 2, 1883. Among his
works are: History and Geography of the
Middle Ages) (1851); (Historical View of the
American Revolution) (1865); "Life of Nathan-
iel Greene) (1867–71).
Greene, Homer. An American story-writer;
born at Ariel, Pa. , in 1853, and resides at Hones-
dale, Pa. He is the author of 'The Blind
Brother, a Story of the Pennsylvania Coal
Mines) (1887); (Burnham Breaker) (1887);
(Riverpark Rebellion.
Greene, Louisa Lelias, Hon. An English
writer of juveniles; born (third Lord Plunket's
daughter) in 1833. Her works, widely popular,
include: (A Winter and Summer at Burton
Hill (1861); Cushions and Corners) (1864);
(The Schoolboy Baronet) (1870); (Gilbert's
Shadow) (1875); (Jubilee Hall (1881). She
wrote with her cousin W. H. Wills the drama-
tist : (Drawing-Room Dramas); Prince Cree-
sus in Search of a Wife) (1873), a translation.
Greene, Robert. An English dramatist; born
in Norwich about 1560; died in London, Sept.
3, 1592. His works rank him as the most ori-
ginal and perhaps the ablest British dramatist
before Shakespeare: especially the History of
Orlando Furioso); (Comical History of Al-
phonsus, King of Aragon); (Honorable History
of Friar Bacon and Friar Bungay); and (The
Scottish Historie of James IV. His pamphlets
and tracts, which he wrote with great rapidity
and ability, are noteworthy; Never Too Late)
and (Greene's Groat's Worth of Wit Bought
with a Million of Repentance being most
widely known. *
Greene, Mrs. Sarah Pratt (McLean). An
American novelist; born at Simsbury, Conn. , in
1858. She was educated at South Hadley Semi-
nary, and for several years taught school in
Plymouth, Mass. Her best-known novel is
(Cape Cod Folks) (1881). Among her other
works are: (Towhead, the Story of a Girl)
(1884); "Lastchance Junction (1889).
Greenough, Sarah Dana (Loring). An
American author; born in Boston, Feb. 19, 1827;
died in Franzensbad, Austria, Aug. 9, 1885.
Among her works are : (Treason at Home,' a
novel (3 vols. , 1865); (Arabesques) (1871); 'In
Extremis, a Story of a Broken Law) (1872);
and (Mary Magdalene,' a poem (1880).
Greenwood, Grace. See Lippincott.
Greey, Edward (grē). An English-American
story-writer; born in Sandwich, Kent, England,
Dec. I, 1835; died in New York, Oct. 1, 1888.
After spending several years in Japan, he came
to the United States in 1868, became a citizen,
and engaged in commercial pursuits in New
York. Among his plays are (Vendome) and
(Uncle Abner. His historical works include
(Young Americans in Japan (Boston, 1881),
and "The Wonderful City of Tokio. He wrote
a pleasing collection of Japanese short stories,
(The Golden Lotus, etc. (1883); (The Captive
of Love, founded on a Japanese romance;
translated (The Loyal Ronins); etc.
Greg, William Rathbone. A religious and
economic essayist; born in Manchester, Eng.
land, in 1809; died in 1881. In 1856 he be-
came a commissioner of customs, and in 1864
was appointed comptroller of the Stationery
Office. His views of life were profoundly
serious and even melancholy, and his works
exerted a great influence from their earnest-
ness and sincerity. The most important are :
(Sketches in Greece and Turkey) (1833); (The
German Schism and the Irish Priests) (1845);
(The Creed of Christendom (1851), his chief
work; Essays in Political and Social Science)
(1853); (Enigmas of Life) (1872); Literary
and Social Judgments) (1877).
Gregorovius, Ferdinand (greg--rõ'vē-ös).
A German historian and poet; born in Nei-
denburg, East Prussia, Jan. 19, 1821; died at
Munich, May 1, 1891. He studied severely at
Königsberg and at home, and wrote essays of
deep scholarship; (Socialistic Elements in
Goethe's Wilhelm Meister); a tragedy, “The
Death of Tiberius,' of the ripest historical learn-
ing; (Corsica); and other most authoritative
books of travel and description, based on close
personal study. He wrote also (Euphorion,'
an epic, and other poems of high repute. But
his historical works, of unsurpassed learning
and vivid realization of the spirit of their times,
are the most commanding monument of his
genius. (The City of Rome in the Middle
Ages, (Lucretia Borgia,' (Urban VIII. , (The
Monuments of the Popes,' and Athenais,' need
but be named.
Gregory, Robert. An English clergyman.
and writer; born in 1819. He received his edu.
cation at Oxford; was curate of St. Mary-the-
Less, Lambeth (1853-73); became canon of St.
Paul's in 1868, and dean in 1890 in succession
to Dean Church. Aside from his clerical duties,
he has devoted much attention to charitable
and educational work. Among his publications
are: (A Plea in Behalf of Small Parishes)
(1849); Lectures at St. Paul's) (1871-82); (Posi-
tion of the Celebrant Aspect in Convocation
(1875).
Greif, Martin (grif). [An adopted name. ]
A German poet and dramatist, son of Max
Frey the publicist; born in Speyer, June 18,
1839. Designed for public life, he preferred
the literary career. Hans Sachs,' a successful
## p. 233 (#249) ############################################
GREIFENSON - GRIEPENKERL
233
drama, was followed by a volume of poems,
the tragedies (Corfiz Ulfeldt, the Count Chan-
cellor of Denmark,' (Marino Faliero, the light
comedy "Walter's Return to his Country, and
numerous other works of high literary qualities
and scholarship. Strikingly successful plays
also are (Francesca da Rimini, and Agnes
Bernauer, the Angel of Augsburg. ' He is also
a noted lyric poet.
Greifenson. See Grimmelshausen.
Grein, J. T. An Anglo-Dutch attorney, jour-
nalist, playwright, and dramatic critic; born in
Amsterdam, Oct. II, 1862. He was educated
in Holland, Germany, and Belgium, and from
1879 to 1885 was engaged in the East India
trade and banking. He is at present an attor-
ney in London, besides being dramatic critic
of Life and the Westminster Review, London
editor of three papers in Holland, and corre-
spondent of several French and German jour-
nals. In 1891 he founded the Independent
Theatre Society. Besides (A Man's Love,
produced in 1889 with C. W. Jarvis as co-
author, and other plays, his works include
(in Dutch): Dramatic Essays) (1884); (Sil.
houettes) (short novels), published in 1885;
(London: Wealth and Poverty) (1890); ('Twixt
Light and Dark,' short stories.
Grénier, Édouard (grān-yā'). A French poet ;
born in Baumes-les-Dames, Doubs, in 1819. He
abandoned the diplomatic service for poetry.
(Little Poems) was his maiden collection ;
(The Death of the Wandering Jew) attained
repute for delicacy and suggestiveness, and
Dramatic Poems) for intense power. His
lines on (The Death of President Lincoln)
were crowned by the Academy.
Grenville-Murray, Eustace Clare. An
English descriptive and topical writer and di-
plomatist; born 1824; died Dec. 20, 1881. He
experimented unsuccessfully in fiction, and then
won reputation with French Pictures in Eng.
lish Chalks, a series of humorous sketches;
(History of the French Press) (1874); (Round
about France' (1878); and (Side Lights on
English Society) (3d ed. 1889). "The Member
for Paris) (1871) had some vogue.
Gresset, Jean Baptiste Louis de (gres-sā).
A French poet, dramatist, and satirist; born
in Amiens, Aug. 29, 1709; died there, June 16,
1777. Early a Jesuit and teacher, he gained
some repute from a pleasing ode (On the
Love of One's Native Land); and rose to
fame by (Vert-Vert,' a highly original and de-
liciously humorous verse narrative of a parrot
brought up in a nunnery but falling into evil
society. His tendency to burlesque and irrev.
erence in his poetry caused his expulsion from
the order on the appearance of “The Impro-
vised Carnival) and (The Living Reading-
Desk. ' He cared nothing for this, and shortly
after rose to the pinnacle of popularity through
(The Naughty Man. He entered the Academy
in 1748, and wrote much popular prose and
poetry; but later in life became alarmed con-
cerning his soul, and abjured all his writings.
Gréville, Henry (grā-vēl'), pseudonym of Ma-
dame Alice Durand. A French novelist;
born (Fleury) in Paris, Oct. 12, 1842. She
received her education in Russia, and began
her literary career with contributions to St.
Petersburg journals. Upon her marriage to
Prof. Émile Durand, she returned to France
and continued her literary activity, making use
of her Russian experiences in a series of novels
which became very popular, notably (Dosia)
and (The Expiation of Saveli. Her genius
is essentially realistic, with an occasional tend-
ency toward the romantic. (Cleopatra,' 'A
Russian Violin, (A Crime, and (An Ancient
Household, are types of this class of novel.
Greygon, Émile (gra-zôn”). A Belgian poet,
novelist, and essayist; born Aug. 17, 1823, in
Brussels, where he is a high educational offi.
cial. His early reputation was through poems,
stories, and essays in Belgian papers; his later
fame is European. Fiamma Colonna) and
(Tales of a Flemish Subject) are his best fic-
tions. His translations and literary papers in
the Belgian Review, etc. , make him a repre-
sentative man of letters at home.
Gribojedov, Alexander Sergeievich (grē-bo-
yā'dov). A Russian dramatic poet and states-
man; born in Moscow, Jan. 15, 1793; killed
at Teheran, Persia, Feb. II, 1829. A distin-
guished soldier and diplomat, he was assassin.
ated while minister to Persia, during an anti-
Russian tumult in Teheran. As a writer his
reputation rests mainly upon Knowledge
Brings Suffering,' a drama in verse, delineat.
ing Russian society with bitter fidelity. (A
Georgian Night) and a rendering of the Pre-
lude to Faust) are also creditable productions.
Grieben, Hermann (grē'ben). A German
poet and journalist; born in Köslin, Feb. 8,
1822; died at Cologne, Sept. 24, 1890. He
studied at Breslau and rose to prominence in
journalism, editing the Ostsee Zeitung, the
Kölnische Zeitung, and other equally important
sheets. He wrote (Too Late,' a tragedy, under
the pseudonym of « Roderick," and a valuable
volume on Dante; besides poems in three col-
lected editions, including “Voices of the Time. )
Griepenkerl, Wolfgang Robert (grēp'ben.
kārl). A German poet, dramatist, and essayist;
born in Hofwyl, Bern, Switzerland, May 4,
1810; died at Brunswick, Oct. 16, 1868. He be-
came a tutor and professor of literature soon
after the completion of his university course.
His Pictures from Classic Greece,' a collection
of poems, attracted attention, and an epic on
(The Sistine Madonna' made him celebrated.
He wrote several excellent works on music.
(Artistic Genius in German Literature during
the Last Century) was for years an authority
upon the subject. As a playwright, Maximil.
ian Robespierre) and (The Girondins) entitle
him to no minor place, and his "Ideal and
World) and (In the Upper Sphere have been
staged many times. He wrote a volume of
stories that possess merit.
## p. 234 (#250) ############################################
234
GRIESINGER-GRIMMELSHAUSEN
career.
Griesinger, Karl Theodor (grē'zing-er). A
German novelist and sketch-writer; born Dec.
