(written 1594 ;
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II.
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II.
Warner - World's Best Literature - v26 to v30 - Tur to Zor and Index
, Sept.
14, 1824;
died in 1895. He was president of Amherst
College (1876-90), and inaugurated the “Am-
herst system of self-government, which was
productive of good results. His publications
include : (The Way, the Truth, and the Life)
(1873), translated into Hindustani, Japanese, and
German ; (Christian Missions) (1875); and his
revised edition of Hickok's Moral Science)
(1880).
Seemann, Berthold. A German traveler, nat-
uralist, and author; born in Hanover, Feb. 28,
1825; died in Nicaragua, Oct. 10, 1871. He was
naturalist to three exploring expeditions (1846-
51), and wrote: “Voyage of the Herald, and
(Three Cruises to Arctic Regions in Search of
Sir John Franklin (1852); Popular History of
Palms) (1855); Account of Mission to Fiji
Islands) (1862); Popular Nomenclature of the
American Flora'; and “Dottings on the Road-
side in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito.
Seemuller, Mrs. Annie Moncure (Crane).
An American novelist; born in Maryland, 1838 ;
died in 1872. Her works were at one time very
popular, and include the novels (Emily Ches-
ter'; “Reginald Archer); Opportunity. '
Ségur, Louis Philippe, Comte de (sā-gür').
A French historian; born in Paris, Dec. 10,
1753; died there, Aug. 27, 1830. He received
a military education ; served in America under
Rochambeau; later he was appointed ambas-
sador to Russia. During the Reign of Terror
he left public life and devoted himself to liter-
ary labor. Among his works are: Théâtre de
l'Hermitage) (1798); "Tales, Fables, Songs,
and Verses) (1801); Memoirs, or Souvenirs
and Anecdotes) (1825).
Ségur, Philippe Paul, Comte de. A French
writer of history, son of L. P. ; born at Paris,
Nov. 4, 1780; died Feb. 25, 1873. He wrote:
History of Napoleon and the Grand Army
in 1812) (2 vols. , 1824); History of Russia
and Peter the Great! (2 vols. , 1829); (History
and Memoirs, 1789-1848) (8 vols. , 1873).
Sejour, Victor (sė-zhör'). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1816; died Sept. 21, 1874.
He was a mulatto. His plays are in the high
romantic vein, and call for gorgeous scenery ;
among them are : « The Fall of Sejanus) (1849);
(Richard III. (1852); (The Devil's Money);
(The Son of Night) (1856); Mysteries of the
Temple); (The Madonna of the Roses) (1869).
Selden, John. A celebrated English jurist ;
born at Salvington in Surrey, 1584; died at
London, Nov. 30, 1654. He wrote many very
learned treatises on law-municipal, interna-
tional, natural, etc. — and on the legislation of
the ancient Hebrews; but he is best remem-
bered for his (Table Talk,' recorded by his
secretary, Richard Milward : of it Coleridge de-
clares that it contains « more weighty bullion
sense )) than he could find in the same number
of pages of any uninspired writer. *
Selous, Frederick Courtenay. A well-known
English explorer and sportsman; born in the
island of Jersey, in 1852. He made a name
as a gold-prospector, explorer, and elephant.
hunter in South Africa, where he has spent
many years; and during the Matabele cam-
paign, fought with great gallantry on the side
of the colonists. His publications, (A Hunt-
er's Wanderings in Africa) (1881), and (Travel
and Adventure in Southeast Africa) (1893),
have been widely read.
Sénancour, Étienne Pivert de (sen-än-kör').
A French writer of the school of Rousseau ;
born at Paris, 1770; died at St. Cloud, 1846.
Under the direct influence of Rousseau he
wrote: (Reveries on the Primitive State of
Man) (1799); his most notable work, (Ober-
mann) (2 vols. , 1804), is in the same vein; then
followed "Love according to Primordial Laws,
and according to the Conventions of Society)
(2 vols. , 1805); (Free Meditations of an Un-
known Solitary on Detachment from the World)
(1819); (Sum of the Traditions of Morality and
Religion (2 vols. , 1827), which brought on
him legal prosecution for impiety; Isabella,
a novel (1833). *
Seneca, Lucius Annæus (sen'e-ka). A
celebrated Roman philosopher; born at Cor-
duba, in Spain, about the year 4 B. C. ; died
65 A. D. He was Nero's preceptor, and his
confidant and adviser in the beginning of his
reign. Many of his writings have come down
to us, among them 124 (Epistles to Lucilius,
containing admirable counsels and exhorta-
tions to the practice of virtue : "On Providence);
(Anger); “Of Benefits); Natural-History Ques-
tions); several tragedies, among them (Thyes-
tes, Phædra,' and (Medea. *
Senior, William. An English miscellaneous
writer; author of "Notable Shipwrecks) (1873);
(Waterside Sketches: A Book for Wanderers
and Anglers) (1875); (By Stream and Sea)
(1877); (Travel and Trout in the Antipodes)
(1879).
Serao, Matilde (ser-ä'o). An Italian novel.
ist; born at Patras in Greece, March 7, 1856.
Her best stories are those descriptive of Nea-
politan life: as "Faint Heart) (1881); (Fantasy)
(1883); “ Neapolitan Legends) (1886); (Opal);
Little Minds); etc.
Serres, Olivia Wilmot. An English story.
writer; born 1772; died 1834. She claimed to
be a daughter of the Duke of Cumberland,
brother of George III. , but failed to make the
claim good before a Parliamentary committee.
She wrote: (St. Julian,' a novel (1805); (Flights
of Fancy,' poems (1806); “Olivia's Advice to her
:
*
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
SERVETUS-SEWRIN
>
Daughters); (The True Messiah; or, St. Ath-
anasius's Creed Explained (1814).
Servetus, Michael (Miguel Serveto y
Reves) (ser-vē'tūs). A Spanish physician and
theological writer; born at Tudela in Navarre,
1511; died at the stake in Geneva, Oct. 27,
1553. He accompanied Charles V. to Ger-
many, as physician to the emperor's confessor
Quintana. His work (On the Errors about
the Trinity) was published at Hagenau, 1531,
and it was soon afterward ordered to be burnt
by the authorities at Basel : the reformer Bucer
denounced the writer as deserving of the ex-
tremest punishment. Servetus defended his
views in another work, Dialogues on the Trin-
ity) (1532), and then went to France. At
Lyons he published (The Restoration of Christ-
ianism) (1553), and to escape punishment fied
to Geneva. There, at the instance of Calvin,
he was arrested on the charge of denying God
and Christ, and burned as a heretic.
Settle, Elkanah. An English playwright
and poet; born at Dunstable, 1648; died at
London, 1723. His chief plays are: (The Em-
press of Morocco) (1673); Love and Revenge
(1675); Pastor Fido, or the Faithful Shepherd)
(1677), after Guarini; (The Female Prelate;
or, The Life and Death of Pope Joan' (1680);
(Distressed Innocence; or, The Princess of
Persia' (1682).
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Mar-
quise de (sāv-en-yā'). A celebrated French
letter-writer; born at Paris, February 1626; died
at the Castle of Grignan, in Dauphiny, April
18, 1696. Her Letters, mainly to her daugh-
ter, are regarded as models of the familiar
epistolary style. The best edition is that in 10
vols. , 1818-19. *
Sewall, Frank. An American writer and
Swedenborgian minister ; born in Maine, 1837.
He has written many denominational and re-
ligious works; among them (Moody Mike; or,
The Power of Love); (The Hem of his Gar-
ment); (The Pillow of Stones); (The New
Ethics ); (The New Metaphysics); Angelo
and Ariel. He has been remarkably success-
ful in the translation of Italian and French
poetry, and has published a translation of the
poems of Carducci, and works on him, notably
(Giosue Carducci and the Hellenic Reaction
in Italy); (Carducci and the Classic Realism)
(1892). His translation of Carducci's sonnet
(The Ox) has been noticed throughout Europe.
Sewall, Harriet (Winslow). An American
verse-writer ; born at Portland, Me. , June 30,
1819; died at Wellesley, Mass. , February 1889.
She wrote the poem (Why Thus Longing ? )
Her other poetical compositions were pub.
lished in a volume of Poems, with a Memoir)
(1889).
Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell. An American
poet; born at Salem, Mass. , 1748; died at
Portsmouth, N. H. , March 29, 1808. During
the Revolutionary war he wrote a ball (War
and Washington, which was very popular; in
his epilogue (1780) to Addison's Cato' occur
the lines “No pent-up Ctica contracts your
powers”; his Miscellaneous Poems) were col-
lected and published in 1801.
Sewall, Samuel. An American jurist ; bom
in Bishopstoke, England, March 28, 1652; died
in Boston, Jan. I, 1730. He came to America
very young, graduated at Harvard in 1675, and
became a member of the council; and as judge
of the probate court (1692) took a prominent
part in the trials during the Salem Witchcraft
excitement. He is chiefly remarkable in literary
annals for his Diary) and Letters,' which
have been published by the Massachusetts His-
torical Society (1878-82). He wrote a tract on
the rights of slaves, (The Selling of Joseph
(1711); and published: (The Accomplishment
of Prophecies) (1713); (A Memorial Relating
to the Kennebec Indians) (1721); and (A De-
scription of the New Heaven (1727).
Sewall, Stephen. An American Hebrew
scholar; born in York, Me. , April 4, 1734; died
in Boston, July 23, 1804. He became librarian
and instructor at Harvard College (1762), and
professor of Hebrew (1764-85). He published
a Hebrew Grammar) (1763); A Funeral Ora-
tion in Latin on Edward Holyoke (1700);
(The Scripture Account of the Shechinah
(1794); and left a manuscript (Chaldee and
English Dictionary, now preserved in Harvard
College Library.
Seward, Anna. A English poet; born at
Eyam, Derbyshire, 1747 ; died at Lichfield,
March 23, 1809. Her celebrity as a poet was
obtained chiefly from her elegies upon her
friend Major André (1781), and upon Captain
Cook. She published: Louisa,' a poetical
novel (1782), and “Sonnets) (1789). Sir Walter
Scott published her (Poetical Works and Cor-
respondence) (3 vols. , 1810). She was called
( The Swan of Lichfield. ”
Seward, William Henry. An American
statesman; born in Florida, N. Y. , May 16,
1801; died in Auburn, N. Y. , 1872. In 1838 he
was elected the first Whig governor of New
York; in 1849 United States Senator, re-elected
1855. He was Secretary of State (1861-09) dur.
ing the Civil War and through Johnson's term.
He published many of his speeches and ad.
dresses; a volume on the Life and Services
of John Quincy Adams) (1849); and, with his
adopted daughter Olive Risley Seward, (Trav.
els Around the World" (1873). His Works,
edited by Geo. E. Baker, appeared in 3 vols. ,
1853; 5 vols. , 1884.
Sewrin, Charles A. (sācē-ran'). A French
dramatist and story-writer; born at Metz, 1771 ;
died at Paris, 1853. He wrote among oth-
:- Comic operas: (The Village School);
(The Opera in a Village); (Of Old and Now
a-days ); ( The Blacksmith of Bassora"; "The
Young Mother-in-Law' Comedies: (My l'n-
cle Antony); The Country Cits); (Gulliver);
(The Swiss Milkmaid. Novels : " The Story
of a Dog) (1801); 'Story of a Cat) (1802); A
ers:
ܪ
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
SEXTUS-SHALER
491
(
Family of Liars) (1802); (The Friends of Henri
IV. (1805).
Sextus Empiricus. A Greek philosopher,
who flourished near the end of the second cen-
tury; a physician of the empirical school,
whence his surname. In his (Outlines of Pyr-
rhonism) he revived the skepticism of Pyrrho;
and he wrote a work on skepticism, under the
title (Adversus Mathematicos. '
Seymour, Mary Harrison. An American
juvenile-story writer; born in Oxford, Conn. ,
Sept. 7, 1835. She has published: Mollie's
Christmas Stocking) (1865); (Sunshine and
Starlight) (1868); (Posy Vinton's Picnic' (1869);
Ned, Nellie, and Amy) (1870); (Recompense
(1877); “Every Day) (1877); and (Through the
Darkness) (1884).
Shadwell, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born at Stanton Hall, Norfolk, about 1640; died
Nov. 20, 1692. His comedy (The Sullen Lov-
ers, produced in 1668, brought him reputation.
Among many other plays, he was the author
of “The Virtuoso) (1676); (Lancashire Witches)
(1682); (The Squire of Alsatia) (1688); and
«Volunteers; or, The Stock-Jobbers) (1693).
He became poet-laureate and historiographer
royal in 1688, succeeding Dryden in both posi-
tions. (Works,' 4 vols. , 1720. )
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, irst
Earl of. An English statesman; born in Wim-
borne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621 ; died
in Amsterdam, Jan. 22, 1683. He was a con-
spicuous figure in the history of his times; was
the Achitophel of Dryden's satire. Macaulay
gives a brilliant sketch of him in the essay on
Sir William Temple. Ashley and Cooper riv-
ers, in South Carolina, received their names
from him. His Characteristics of Men, Man-
ners, Opinions, and Times) is a collection of
his various writings.
shairp, John Campbell. [“ Principal
Shairp. ”] A Scotch poet, critic, and essayist;
born at Houstoun, in West Lothian, July 30,
1819; died at Ormsary, in Argyll, Sept. 18, 1885.
He became principal of the United College,
St. Andrews. Among his works are : Kila
mahoe, a Highland Pastoral, and Other Poems)
(1864); Studies in Poetry and Philosophy
(1868); Culture and Religion (1870); “Poetic
Interpretation of Nature (1877); Aspects of
Poetry) (1881); and, published posthumously,
(Sketches in History and Poetry (1887); Glen
Desseray and Other Poems) (1888).
Shakespeare, William. The poet was born
at Stratford-on-Avon, April 22 or 23, 1564;
died there, April 23, 1616. His plays, in the
order of their production, are given as follows:
(Love's Labour's Lost' (written 1591 (? ); revised
1597 ; published 1598); (Two Gentlemen of
Verona) (written 1591 (? ); published posthu-
mously 1623); (Comedy of Errors) (written
159-; published posthumously 1623); Romeo
and Juliet) (written 159-; pirated 1597; pub-
lished with author's sanction 599); Henry
VI. (Part i. written and acted 1592, Parts ii.
and iii. following quickly; Part ii. published
1594; Part iii. published 1595); King Richard
III. (written 1593 (? ); published 1597); “Titus
Andronicus) (written in collaboration 1593 or
1594 ; acted 1594 (? ); published 1600 ? ); (A
Merchant of Venice' (written and acted 1594 (? );
published 1600); King John?
(written 1594 ;
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II. (produced 1595); (All's Well that
Ends Well' (written 1595 (? ); acted 159-); (The
Taming of the Shrew) (written 1596 (? ); acted
159-; published posthumously 1623); Henry
IV. (written or adapted 1597 ; published, Part i.
1598, Part ii. 1690; revised and republished
1600); «The Merry Wives of Windsor) (written
159-; acted 159-; published 1602); (Henry V. '
(written 1598; acted 1599; published, text im-
perfect, 1600); Much Ado about Nothing)
(written 1599 (? ); acted 1599; published 1600);
(As You Like It) (produced 1599); (Twelfth
Night' (written 1599; acted 1001 or 1602); "Julius
Cæsar) (written 1601; acted 1601 ); (Hamlet)
(written 1602; acted 1602 (? ); published by an-
other surreptitiously 1602 or 1603; authorized ed.
1604); (Troilus and Cressida' (written 1603 (? );
acted 1603 ; published 1608 or 1609); Othello)
(written 1604 (? ); acted 1004; published posthu-
mously 1622); (Measure for Measure) (written
1004 (? ); acted 1604; published posthumously);
(Macbeth' (written 1605-6; acted 1606 (? ); re-
vived 1611; published posthumously 1623);
(King Lear) (written 1606; acted 1606; pub-
lished 1608); (Timon of Athens) (written in col-
laboration 1607; acted 160-); (Pericles) (written
in collaboration 1607; published 1008 or 1009);
(Antony and Cleopatra) (written 1607-8; pub-
lished posthumously 1623); (Coriolanus) (writ-
ten 1608 (? ); published posthumously 1623);
Cymbeline) (written 164; acted 1610); A Win-
ter's Tale) (written 16%; acted 1611); (The
Tempest' (written before the winter of 1612-13);
(The Two Noble Kinsmen) (written in col-
laboration (? ); published posthumously 1634);
(Henry VIII. (portions by Shakespeare writ-
ten 1613 (? ); acted 1613; published posthu-
mously 1623). His poems are: (Venus and
Adonis) (1593); “The Rape of Lucrece) (1594);
(Sonnets) (written 1591-94; published 1609);
(A Lover's Complaint (written 1594-98 (? );
published 1609); (The Passionate Pilgrim
(Ist ed. (? ) 1594). The first collected edition of
the plays, under the title (Mr. William Shakes-
peare's comedies, histories, and tragedies. Pub-
lished according to the true original copies,'
appeared in 1623, and is referred to as the
folio of 1623. ” One existing copy has two
canceled leaves from (As You Like It. ) *
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate. An Ameri-
can geologist; born near Newport, Ky. , Feb.
22, 1841. He is professor of geology at Harvard,
and a versatile and interesting writer in many
important fields. Among his works are the
(Kentucky Geological Reports and Memoirs)
(7 vols. , 1876-82); “On the Nature of Intellectual
Property and its Importance to the State' (1878);
(Aspects of the Earth) (1889); (The Story of
(
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
SHANKS-SHELLEY
)
our Continent) (1892); (Nature and Man in
North America) (1892); (The Interpretation of
Nature) (1893); “Sea and Land (1894); (The
United States of America) (2 vols. , 1894); and
reports of United States Geological Survey on
Marine Marshes, Fresh-Water Swamps, Soils,
Harbors, etc.
Shanks, William Franklin-Gore. An Amer-
ican journalist and author; born in Shelbyville,
Ky. , April 20, 1837. He was war correspondent
for the New York Herald (1861-65), subsequently
joined the New York Tribune, and was impris-
oned for refusing to divulge the name of a
writer of an article in the paper. Besides his
contributions to periodicals he has published :
(Recollections of Distinguished Generals)
(1865); Bench and Bar) (1868); and a play,
(A Noble Treason (1876).
Sharp, William. A British critic and man
of letters ; born 1856. He has traveled exten-
sively, and contributed to leading publications
throughout the world. His works include (Hu-
manity and Man,' a poem ; (The Conqueror's
Dream, and Other Poems); (Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, a biography; (Shakespeare's Songs,
Poems, and Sonnets); (Sonnets of this Cen-
tury); (Shelley,' a biography; (Romantic Bal-
lads); etc.
Shaw, Albert. An American editor and writer
on municipal government; born in New Lon-
don, O. , July 23, 1857. Since 1891 he has been
the editor of the Review of Reviews in Amer-
ica. Included in his publications are : Icaria :
a Chapter in the History of Communism” (1884);
(Co-operation in a Western City) (1886); and
(The National Revenue) (1888). Municipal
Government in Great Britain and Municipal
Government in Continental Europe) are his
principal works.
Shaw, Henry Wheeler. [“Josh Billings. ”]
An American humorist; born in Lanesboro,
Mass. , April 21, 1818; died in Monterey, Cal. ,
Oct. 14, 1885. During the last twenty years of
his life he contributed regularly to the New
York Weekly. His publications include : Josh
Billings on Ice) (1875); (Josh Billings's Com-
plete Works) (1877); and Josh Billings's Spice-
Box) (1881).
Shea, John Dawson Gilmary. An Ameri.
can author and historical writer; born in New
York, July 22, 1824; died there, 1892. He edited
the Historical Magazine (1859-65); also Frank
Leslie's Chimney Corner. He has written ex-
tensively on the early history and explorations
in the West, and contributed largely to Roman
Catholic denominational literature. Among
other books he has published : (Discovery and
Exploration of the Mississippi Valley) (1853);
(History of Catholic Missions among the In-
dians) (1854); (Account of the New Nether-
lands in 1643-44' (1862); (The Catholic Church
in the United States) (1856); and Life of
Pius IX. (1875).
Shedd, Mrs. Julia Ann (Clark). An Amer-
ican writer on art; born in Newport, Me. ,
Aug. 8, 1834. Besides many contributions to
art periodicals, she has published: (Famous
Painters and Paintings) (1874); (The Ghiberti
Gates) (1876); (Famous Sculptors and Sculpt-
ure) (1881); and (Raphael, his Madonnas and
Holy Families) (1883).
Shedd, William Greenough Thayer. An
educator, author, and Presbyterian clergyman
of eminence; born in Acton, Mass. , June 21,
1820; died in 1894. He was professor in the
University of Vermont (1845-52); in Auburn
Theological Seminary (1852-54); in Andover
Theological Seminary (1854-62); and professor
of Biblical literature in Union Seminary from
1863. He has published numerous historical
and polemic works. Among them are: "Lect-
ures on the Philosophy of History? (1856);
(History of Christian Doctrine) (2 vols. , 1863);
(Sermons to the Natural Man) (1871); Doc-
trine of Endless Punishment) (1885); and
Dogmatic Theology) (3 vols. , 1888-94).
Shelley, Mary (Godwin). An English
writer of works of psychological and historical
fiction, second wife of the poet Shelley; born
at London, Aug. 30, 1797 ; died there, Feb. 21,
1851. Her first story, 'Frankenstein (1818),
won for her a place among the imaginative
writers of England; it was followed by (Val-
perga, a historical romance (1823); “The Last
Man' (1826); “ Lodore' (1835); (Falkner' (1837).
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The celebrated Eng.
lish poet; born at Field Place, near Horsham,
Sussex, Aug. 4, 1792 ; drowned off the coast of
Italy, July 8, 1822. He wrote: (Zastrozzi? (1810),
a romance; 'St. Irvyne' (1811), a romance ; (The
Necessity of Atheism (1811 ? ), a treatise; A
Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things)
(1811); An Address to the Irish People' (1812);
Proposals for an Association of those Philan-
thropists who, Convinced of the Inadequacy
of the Moral and Political State of Ireland to
Produce Benefits which are, nevertheless, At-
tainable, are willing to Unite to Accomplish
its Regeneration (1812); 'Queen Mab: A Phil.
osophic Poem (1813); (A Vindication of Nat.
ural Diet! (1813); (A Refutation of Deism)
(1814); (Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude, and
Other Poems) (1816); (A Proposal for Putting
Reform to the Vote throughout the Kingdom)
(1817); (A Six-Weeks' Tour' (1817), in collabora-
tion with Mary Godwin; (Laon and Cynthia!
(1818), subsequently altered and reissued as "The
Revolt of Islam: A Poem) (1818, some few
copies being erroneously dated 1817); Rosalind
and Helen: A Modern Eclogue; with Other
Poems) (1819); (The Cenci : A Tragedy (1819);
(Prometheus Unbound: A Lyrical Drama)
(1820); (Edipus Tyrannus, or Swellfoot the
Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts; Translated
from the Original Doric) (1820); (Epipsychid-
ion : Verses addressed to the Noble and Unfor-
tunate Lady Emilia V-) (1821); (Adonais:
An Elegy on the Death of John Keats (1821);
(Hellas: A Lyrical Drama) (1822),- the last
of Shelley's works issued during his lifetime.
After his death there appeared : Posthumous
## p. 493 (#509) ############################################
SHELTON - SHINN
493
Poems) (1824); (The Masque of Anarchy: A
Poem; Now First Published) (1832); "The
Shelley Papers) (1833); Essays, Letters from
Abroad, Translations, and Fragments) (1840);
(The Dämon of the World: the First Part
as Published in 1816 with (Alastor); the Sec.
ond Part Deciphered and now First Printed'
(1876). *
Shelton, Frederick William. An American
clergyman, and humorous and satirical writer;
born in Jamaica, N. Y. , 1814; died at Carthage
Landing, N. Y. , June 20, 1881. His publications
include : (The Trollopiad, or Traveling Gen-
tleman in America, a satirical poem (1837);
(Salander and the Dragon,' a romance (1851);
(Up the River,' a series of rural sketches on
the Hudson (1853); Peeps from a Belfry; or,
Parish Sketch-Book) (1855); (Use and Abuse
of Reason); (The Gold Mania); etc.
Shenshin, Afanasy Afanasievich. See Fet.
Shenstone, William. An English poet; born
at the Leasowes, near Halesowen, Shropshire,
November 1714; died there, Feb. II, 1763. His
best-remembered poems are: (The Schoolmis-
tress) (1742); (The Pastoral Ballad? (1743);
and Written in an Inn at Henley. His
(Works) and Letters were collected in three
volumes (1764-69); and his Essays on Men
and Manners) were republished in 1868. *
Sheppard, Elizabeth Sara. An English nov-
elist ; born at Blackheath, 1830; died at Brixton,
March 13, 1862. She wrote the noted (Charles
Auchester (1853), a mystical art novel ; (Coun-
terparts, or the Cross of Love) (1854); (My First
Season) (1855); (The Double Coronet) (1856);
(Rumor, a musical and artistic novel (1858).
Sheridan, Philip Henry. A famous Amer.
ican soldier; born in Albany, N. Y. , March 6,
1831 ; died in Nonquitt, Mass. , Aug. 5, 1888. He
graduated at West Point, July 1, 1853, and
rose through a distinguished career of army
service during which he became successively
major-general, lieutenant-general, and general.
He wrote (Personal Memoirs,' published in 2
vols. , 1888.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley. An eminent
British dramatist and parliamentary orator ; born
at Dublin, Sept. 30, 1751; died at London, July
7, 1816. His principal dramatic works are : (The
Rivals,' comedy (1774); (The Duenna,' comic
opera (1775); “The School for Scandal, comedy
(1777); (The Critic,' farce (1779). His most
memorable speeches are the Begum Speech,
so-called, made in the trial of Warren Hastings,
and the Perfumery Speech. *
Sherman, Frank Dempster. An American
poet; born at Peekskill, N. Y. , May 6, 1860.
Educated at Columbia College and Harvard
University, he became an instructor in the Co-
lumbia School of Architecture. He has pub-
lished: Madrigals and Catches); Lyrics for
a Lute); and, with John Kendrick Bangs,
(New Waggings of Old Tales); (Little Folk
Lyrics, etc. His poems are a frequent feature
of the magazines.
Sherman, John. An eminent American
statesman; born in Lancaster, O. , May 10, 1823.
He was a delegate to the Whig convention,
1848; first elected to Congress in 1854; Senator,
1861-73, and 1881-87; Secretary of the Treas-
ury, 1877-81; and Secretary of State from 1897.
He is the author of (Selected Speeches and
Reports on Finance and Taxation, 1859–1878)
(New York, 1879); and Recollections of Forty
Years in the House, Senate, and Cabinet. '
Sherman, William Tecumseh. One of the
most distinguished of American generals; born
in Lancaster, O. , Feb. 8, 1820; died in New
York city, Feb. 14, 1891. He graduated at
West Point in 1840 ; resigned from the army
as captain in 1853; was commissioned colonel,
May 13, 1861, and after a long career of active
service, retired from command on Feb. 8, 1884,
as general of the army. He has published:
(Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman by Him-
self(2 vols. , New York, 1875 and 1885).
Sherwood, John D. An American writer;
born in Fishkill, N. Y. , Oct. 15, 1818. He
served as a Federal officer through the Civil
War. Besides contributing to periodicals, he
has published the volumes : 'The Case of Cuba)
(1869); Comic History of the United States)
(1870).
Shevchenko, Taras Grigorievich (shev-
chen'ko). A Russian poet; born Feb. 25, 1814;
died in St. Petersburg, Feb. 26, 1861. His
(Kobzar,' a volume of lyrics in the Little Rus-
sian dialect, appeared in 1840 (new cd. 1860),
and became at once popular. (Haidamaki,
one of the greatest of Russian epics, followed
in 1841; after which came Hamalia, Maiax,'
and others.
shillaber, Benjamin Penhallow. ["Mrs.
Partington. ”] An American journalist and
humorist; born in Portsmouth, N. II. , July 12,
1814; died in Chelsea, Mass. , Nov. 25, 1890.
From 1840 to 1866 he was editor of various jour-
nals in Boston. His Life and Sayings of Mrs.
Partington (1854) gained for him world-wide
popularity. This was followed by Knitting-
Work) (1857); Partington Patchwork) (1873);
and (Wide Swath,' a volume of collected verse
(1882).
shindler, Mrs. Mary Stanley Bunce
( Palmer ) ( Dana ). An American poet and
author; born in Beaufort, S. C. , Feb. 15, 1810;
died in 1883. Her poems, once very popular
through the South, include: “The Southern
Harp) (1840); (The Northern Harp) (1841);
The Parted Family, and Other Poems) (1842);
(The Temperance Lyre) ( 1842 ). She has
also written (Charles Morton; or, The Young
Patriot) (1843); (Forecastle Tom' (1844); and
Letters on the Irinity) (1845).
Shinn, Charles Howard. An American poet,
journalist, and historical writer; born in Aus-
tin, Tex. , April 29, 1852. He was engaged in
periodical work until 1885, when he became
connected with the Overland Monthly. He
is the author of Mining Camps : A Study in
## p. 494 (#510) ############################################
494
SHINN - SIMMS
American Pioneer Government) (1885), and
(The Story of the Mine.
Shinn, Millicent Washburn. An Ameri-
can editor; born in Washington Township, Cal. ,
April 15, 1858.
died in 1895. He was president of Amherst
College (1876-90), and inaugurated the “Am-
herst system of self-government, which was
productive of good results. His publications
include : (The Way, the Truth, and the Life)
(1873), translated into Hindustani, Japanese, and
German ; (Christian Missions) (1875); and his
revised edition of Hickok's Moral Science)
(1880).
Seemann, Berthold. A German traveler, nat-
uralist, and author; born in Hanover, Feb. 28,
1825; died in Nicaragua, Oct. 10, 1871. He was
naturalist to three exploring expeditions (1846-
51), and wrote: “Voyage of the Herald, and
(Three Cruises to Arctic Regions in Search of
Sir John Franklin (1852); Popular History of
Palms) (1855); Account of Mission to Fiji
Islands) (1862); Popular Nomenclature of the
American Flora'; and “Dottings on the Road-
side in Panama, Nicaragua, and Mosquito.
Seemuller, Mrs. Annie Moncure (Crane).
An American novelist; born in Maryland, 1838 ;
died in 1872. Her works were at one time very
popular, and include the novels (Emily Ches-
ter'; “Reginald Archer); Opportunity. '
Ségur, Louis Philippe, Comte de (sā-gür').
A French historian; born in Paris, Dec. 10,
1753; died there, Aug. 27, 1830. He received
a military education ; served in America under
Rochambeau; later he was appointed ambas-
sador to Russia. During the Reign of Terror
he left public life and devoted himself to liter-
ary labor. Among his works are: Théâtre de
l'Hermitage) (1798); "Tales, Fables, Songs,
and Verses) (1801); Memoirs, or Souvenirs
and Anecdotes) (1825).
Ségur, Philippe Paul, Comte de. A French
writer of history, son of L. P. ; born at Paris,
Nov. 4, 1780; died Feb. 25, 1873. He wrote:
History of Napoleon and the Grand Army
in 1812) (2 vols. , 1824); History of Russia
and Peter the Great! (2 vols. , 1829); (History
and Memoirs, 1789-1848) (8 vols. , 1873).
Sejour, Victor (sė-zhör'). A French dram-
atist; born at Paris, 1816; died Sept. 21, 1874.
He was a mulatto. His plays are in the high
romantic vein, and call for gorgeous scenery ;
among them are : « The Fall of Sejanus) (1849);
(Richard III. (1852); (The Devil's Money);
(The Son of Night) (1856); Mysteries of the
Temple); (The Madonna of the Roses) (1869).
Selden, John. A celebrated English jurist ;
born at Salvington in Surrey, 1584; died at
London, Nov. 30, 1654. He wrote many very
learned treatises on law-municipal, interna-
tional, natural, etc. — and on the legislation of
the ancient Hebrews; but he is best remem-
bered for his (Table Talk,' recorded by his
secretary, Richard Milward : of it Coleridge de-
clares that it contains « more weighty bullion
sense )) than he could find in the same number
of pages of any uninspired writer. *
Selous, Frederick Courtenay. A well-known
English explorer and sportsman; born in the
island of Jersey, in 1852. He made a name
as a gold-prospector, explorer, and elephant.
hunter in South Africa, where he has spent
many years; and during the Matabele cam-
paign, fought with great gallantry on the side
of the colonists. His publications, (A Hunt-
er's Wanderings in Africa) (1881), and (Travel
and Adventure in Southeast Africa) (1893),
have been widely read.
Sénancour, Étienne Pivert de (sen-än-kör').
A French writer of the school of Rousseau ;
born at Paris, 1770; died at St. Cloud, 1846.
Under the direct influence of Rousseau he
wrote: (Reveries on the Primitive State of
Man) (1799); his most notable work, (Ober-
mann) (2 vols. , 1804), is in the same vein; then
followed "Love according to Primordial Laws,
and according to the Conventions of Society)
(2 vols. , 1805); (Free Meditations of an Un-
known Solitary on Detachment from the World)
(1819); (Sum of the Traditions of Morality and
Religion (2 vols. , 1827), which brought on
him legal prosecution for impiety; Isabella,
a novel (1833). *
Seneca, Lucius Annæus (sen'e-ka). A
celebrated Roman philosopher; born at Cor-
duba, in Spain, about the year 4 B. C. ; died
65 A. D. He was Nero's preceptor, and his
confidant and adviser in the beginning of his
reign. Many of his writings have come down
to us, among them 124 (Epistles to Lucilius,
containing admirable counsels and exhorta-
tions to the practice of virtue : "On Providence);
(Anger); “Of Benefits); Natural-History Ques-
tions); several tragedies, among them (Thyes-
tes, Phædra,' and (Medea. *
Senior, William. An English miscellaneous
writer; author of "Notable Shipwrecks) (1873);
(Waterside Sketches: A Book for Wanderers
and Anglers) (1875); (By Stream and Sea)
(1877); (Travel and Trout in the Antipodes)
(1879).
Serao, Matilde (ser-ä'o). An Italian novel.
ist; born at Patras in Greece, March 7, 1856.
Her best stories are those descriptive of Nea-
politan life: as "Faint Heart) (1881); (Fantasy)
(1883); “ Neapolitan Legends) (1886); (Opal);
Little Minds); etc.
Serres, Olivia Wilmot. An English story.
writer; born 1772; died 1834. She claimed to
be a daughter of the Duke of Cumberland,
brother of George III. , but failed to make the
claim good before a Parliamentary committee.
She wrote: (St. Julian,' a novel (1805); (Flights
of Fancy,' poems (1806); “Olivia's Advice to her
:
*
## p. 490 (#506) ############################################
490
SERVETUS-SEWRIN
>
Daughters); (The True Messiah; or, St. Ath-
anasius's Creed Explained (1814).
Servetus, Michael (Miguel Serveto y
Reves) (ser-vē'tūs). A Spanish physician and
theological writer; born at Tudela in Navarre,
1511; died at the stake in Geneva, Oct. 27,
1553. He accompanied Charles V. to Ger-
many, as physician to the emperor's confessor
Quintana. His work (On the Errors about
the Trinity) was published at Hagenau, 1531,
and it was soon afterward ordered to be burnt
by the authorities at Basel : the reformer Bucer
denounced the writer as deserving of the ex-
tremest punishment. Servetus defended his
views in another work, Dialogues on the Trin-
ity) (1532), and then went to France. At
Lyons he published (The Restoration of Christ-
ianism) (1553), and to escape punishment fied
to Geneva. There, at the instance of Calvin,
he was arrested on the charge of denying God
and Christ, and burned as a heretic.
Settle, Elkanah. An English playwright
and poet; born at Dunstable, 1648; died at
London, 1723. His chief plays are: (The Em-
press of Morocco) (1673); Love and Revenge
(1675); Pastor Fido, or the Faithful Shepherd)
(1677), after Guarini; (The Female Prelate;
or, The Life and Death of Pope Joan' (1680);
(Distressed Innocence; or, The Princess of
Persia' (1682).
Sévigné, Marie de Rabutin-Chantal, Mar-
quise de (sāv-en-yā'). A celebrated French
letter-writer; born at Paris, February 1626; died
at the Castle of Grignan, in Dauphiny, April
18, 1696. Her Letters, mainly to her daugh-
ter, are regarded as models of the familiar
epistolary style. The best edition is that in 10
vols. , 1818-19. *
Sewall, Frank. An American writer and
Swedenborgian minister ; born in Maine, 1837.
He has written many denominational and re-
ligious works; among them (Moody Mike; or,
The Power of Love); (The Hem of his Gar-
ment); (The Pillow of Stones); (The New
Ethics ); (The New Metaphysics); Angelo
and Ariel. He has been remarkably success-
ful in the translation of Italian and French
poetry, and has published a translation of the
poems of Carducci, and works on him, notably
(Giosue Carducci and the Hellenic Reaction
in Italy); (Carducci and the Classic Realism)
(1892). His translation of Carducci's sonnet
(The Ox) has been noticed throughout Europe.
Sewall, Harriet (Winslow). An American
verse-writer ; born at Portland, Me. , June 30,
1819; died at Wellesley, Mass. , February 1889.
She wrote the poem (Why Thus Longing ? )
Her other poetical compositions were pub.
lished in a volume of Poems, with a Memoir)
(1889).
Sewall, Jonathan Mitchell. An American
poet; born at Salem, Mass. , 1748; died at
Portsmouth, N. H. , March 29, 1808. During
the Revolutionary war he wrote a ball (War
and Washington, which was very popular; in
his epilogue (1780) to Addison's Cato' occur
the lines “No pent-up Ctica contracts your
powers”; his Miscellaneous Poems) were col-
lected and published in 1801.
Sewall, Samuel. An American jurist ; bom
in Bishopstoke, England, March 28, 1652; died
in Boston, Jan. I, 1730. He came to America
very young, graduated at Harvard in 1675, and
became a member of the council; and as judge
of the probate court (1692) took a prominent
part in the trials during the Salem Witchcraft
excitement. He is chiefly remarkable in literary
annals for his Diary) and Letters,' which
have been published by the Massachusetts His-
torical Society (1878-82). He wrote a tract on
the rights of slaves, (The Selling of Joseph
(1711); and published: (The Accomplishment
of Prophecies) (1713); (A Memorial Relating
to the Kennebec Indians) (1721); and (A De-
scription of the New Heaven (1727).
Sewall, Stephen. An American Hebrew
scholar; born in York, Me. , April 4, 1734; died
in Boston, July 23, 1804. He became librarian
and instructor at Harvard College (1762), and
professor of Hebrew (1764-85). He published
a Hebrew Grammar) (1763); A Funeral Ora-
tion in Latin on Edward Holyoke (1700);
(The Scripture Account of the Shechinah
(1794); and left a manuscript (Chaldee and
English Dictionary, now preserved in Harvard
College Library.
Seward, Anna. A English poet; born at
Eyam, Derbyshire, 1747 ; died at Lichfield,
March 23, 1809. Her celebrity as a poet was
obtained chiefly from her elegies upon her
friend Major André (1781), and upon Captain
Cook. She published: Louisa,' a poetical
novel (1782), and “Sonnets) (1789). Sir Walter
Scott published her (Poetical Works and Cor-
respondence) (3 vols. , 1810). She was called
( The Swan of Lichfield. ”
Seward, William Henry. An American
statesman; born in Florida, N. Y. , May 16,
1801; died in Auburn, N. Y. , 1872. In 1838 he
was elected the first Whig governor of New
York; in 1849 United States Senator, re-elected
1855. He was Secretary of State (1861-09) dur.
ing the Civil War and through Johnson's term.
He published many of his speeches and ad.
dresses; a volume on the Life and Services
of John Quincy Adams) (1849); and, with his
adopted daughter Olive Risley Seward, (Trav.
els Around the World" (1873). His Works,
edited by Geo. E. Baker, appeared in 3 vols. ,
1853; 5 vols. , 1884.
Sewrin, Charles A. (sācē-ran'). A French
dramatist and story-writer; born at Metz, 1771 ;
died at Paris, 1853. He wrote among oth-
:- Comic operas: (The Village School);
(The Opera in a Village); (Of Old and Now
a-days ); ( The Blacksmith of Bassora"; "The
Young Mother-in-Law' Comedies: (My l'n-
cle Antony); The Country Cits); (Gulliver);
(The Swiss Milkmaid. Novels : " The Story
of a Dog) (1801); 'Story of a Cat) (1802); A
ers:
ܪ
## p. 491 (#507) ############################################
SEXTUS-SHALER
491
(
Family of Liars) (1802); (The Friends of Henri
IV. (1805).
Sextus Empiricus. A Greek philosopher,
who flourished near the end of the second cen-
tury; a physician of the empirical school,
whence his surname. In his (Outlines of Pyr-
rhonism) he revived the skepticism of Pyrrho;
and he wrote a work on skepticism, under the
title (Adversus Mathematicos. '
Seymour, Mary Harrison. An American
juvenile-story writer; born in Oxford, Conn. ,
Sept. 7, 1835. She has published: Mollie's
Christmas Stocking) (1865); (Sunshine and
Starlight) (1868); (Posy Vinton's Picnic' (1869);
Ned, Nellie, and Amy) (1870); (Recompense
(1877); “Every Day) (1877); and (Through the
Darkness) (1884).
Shadwell, Thomas. An English dramatist ;
born at Stanton Hall, Norfolk, about 1640; died
Nov. 20, 1692. His comedy (The Sullen Lov-
ers, produced in 1668, brought him reputation.
Among many other plays, he was the author
of “The Virtuoso) (1676); (Lancashire Witches)
(1682); (The Squire of Alsatia) (1688); and
«Volunteers; or, The Stock-Jobbers) (1693).
He became poet-laureate and historiographer
royal in 1688, succeeding Dryden in both posi-
tions. (Works,' 4 vols. , 1720. )
Shaftesbury, Anthony Ashley Cooper, irst
Earl of. An English statesman; born in Wim-
borne, St. Giles, Dorsetshire, July 22, 1621 ; died
in Amsterdam, Jan. 22, 1683. He was a con-
spicuous figure in the history of his times; was
the Achitophel of Dryden's satire. Macaulay
gives a brilliant sketch of him in the essay on
Sir William Temple. Ashley and Cooper riv-
ers, in South Carolina, received their names
from him. His Characteristics of Men, Man-
ners, Opinions, and Times) is a collection of
his various writings.
shairp, John Campbell. [“ Principal
Shairp. ”] A Scotch poet, critic, and essayist;
born at Houstoun, in West Lothian, July 30,
1819; died at Ormsary, in Argyll, Sept. 18, 1885.
He became principal of the United College,
St. Andrews. Among his works are : Kila
mahoe, a Highland Pastoral, and Other Poems)
(1864); Studies in Poetry and Philosophy
(1868); Culture and Religion (1870); “Poetic
Interpretation of Nature (1877); Aspects of
Poetry) (1881); and, published posthumously,
(Sketches in History and Poetry (1887); Glen
Desseray and Other Poems) (1888).
Shakespeare, William. The poet was born
at Stratford-on-Avon, April 22 or 23, 1564;
died there, April 23, 1616. His plays, in the
order of their production, are given as follows:
(Love's Labour's Lost' (written 1591 (? ); revised
1597 ; published 1598); (Two Gentlemen of
Verona) (written 1591 (? ); published posthu-
mously 1623); (Comedy of Errors) (written
159-; published posthumously 1623); Romeo
and Juliet) (written 159-; pirated 1597; pub-
lished with author's sanction 599); Henry
VI. (Part i. written and acted 1592, Parts ii.
and iii. following quickly; Part ii. published
1594; Part iii. published 1595); King Richard
III. (written 1593 (? ); published 1597); “Titus
Andronicus) (written in collaboration 1593 or
1594 ; acted 1594 (? ); published 1600 ? ); (A
Merchant of Venice' (written and acted 1594 (? );
published 1600); King John?
(written 1594 ;
acted 159–);“A Midsummer Night's Dream,' writ-
ten and acted 1594-95; published 1600; (King
Richard II. (produced 1595); (All's Well that
Ends Well' (written 1595 (? ); acted 159-); (The
Taming of the Shrew) (written 1596 (? ); acted
159-; published posthumously 1623); Henry
IV. (written or adapted 1597 ; published, Part i.
1598, Part ii. 1690; revised and republished
1600); «The Merry Wives of Windsor) (written
159-; acted 159-; published 1602); (Henry V. '
(written 1598; acted 1599; published, text im-
perfect, 1600); Much Ado about Nothing)
(written 1599 (? ); acted 1599; published 1600);
(As You Like It) (produced 1599); (Twelfth
Night' (written 1599; acted 1001 or 1602); "Julius
Cæsar) (written 1601; acted 1601 ); (Hamlet)
(written 1602; acted 1602 (? ); published by an-
other surreptitiously 1602 or 1603; authorized ed.
1604); (Troilus and Cressida' (written 1603 (? );
acted 1603 ; published 1608 or 1609); Othello)
(written 1604 (? ); acted 1004; published posthu-
mously 1622); (Measure for Measure) (written
1004 (? ); acted 1604; published posthumously);
(Macbeth' (written 1605-6; acted 1606 (? ); re-
vived 1611; published posthumously 1623);
(King Lear) (written 1606; acted 1606; pub-
lished 1608); (Timon of Athens) (written in col-
laboration 1607; acted 160-); (Pericles) (written
in collaboration 1607; published 1008 or 1009);
(Antony and Cleopatra) (written 1607-8; pub-
lished posthumously 1623); (Coriolanus) (writ-
ten 1608 (? ); published posthumously 1623);
Cymbeline) (written 164; acted 1610); A Win-
ter's Tale) (written 16%; acted 1611); (The
Tempest' (written before the winter of 1612-13);
(The Two Noble Kinsmen) (written in col-
laboration (? ); published posthumously 1634);
(Henry VIII. (portions by Shakespeare writ-
ten 1613 (? ); acted 1613; published posthu-
mously 1623). His poems are: (Venus and
Adonis) (1593); “The Rape of Lucrece) (1594);
(Sonnets) (written 1591-94; published 1609);
(A Lover's Complaint (written 1594-98 (? );
published 1609); (The Passionate Pilgrim
(Ist ed. (? ) 1594). The first collected edition of
the plays, under the title (Mr. William Shakes-
peare's comedies, histories, and tragedies. Pub-
lished according to the true original copies,'
appeared in 1623, and is referred to as the
folio of 1623. ” One existing copy has two
canceled leaves from (As You Like It. ) *
Shaler, Nathaniel Southgate. An Ameri-
can geologist; born near Newport, Ky. , Feb.
22, 1841. He is professor of geology at Harvard,
and a versatile and interesting writer in many
important fields. Among his works are the
(Kentucky Geological Reports and Memoirs)
(7 vols. , 1876-82); “On the Nature of Intellectual
Property and its Importance to the State' (1878);
(Aspects of the Earth) (1889); (The Story of
(
## p. 492 (#508) ############################################
492
SHANKS-SHELLEY
)
our Continent) (1892); (Nature and Man in
North America) (1892); (The Interpretation of
Nature) (1893); “Sea and Land (1894); (The
United States of America) (2 vols. , 1894); and
reports of United States Geological Survey on
Marine Marshes, Fresh-Water Swamps, Soils,
Harbors, etc.
Shanks, William Franklin-Gore. An Amer-
ican journalist and author; born in Shelbyville,
Ky. , April 20, 1837. He was war correspondent
for the New York Herald (1861-65), subsequently
joined the New York Tribune, and was impris-
oned for refusing to divulge the name of a
writer of an article in the paper. Besides his
contributions to periodicals he has published :
(Recollections of Distinguished Generals)
(1865); Bench and Bar) (1868); and a play,
(A Noble Treason (1876).
Sharp, William. A British critic and man
of letters ; born 1856. He has traveled exten-
sively, and contributed to leading publications
throughout the world. His works include (Hu-
manity and Man,' a poem ; (The Conqueror's
Dream, and Other Poems); (Dante Gabriel
Rossetti, a biography; (Shakespeare's Songs,
Poems, and Sonnets); (Sonnets of this Cen-
tury); (Shelley,' a biography; (Romantic Bal-
lads); etc.
Shaw, Albert. An American editor and writer
on municipal government; born in New Lon-
don, O. , July 23, 1857. Since 1891 he has been
the editor of the Review of Reviews in Amer-
ica. Included in his publications are : Icaria :
a Chapter in the History of Communism” (1884);
(Co-operation in a Western City) (1886); and
(The National Revenue) (1888). Municipal
Government in Great Britain and Municipal
Government in Continental Europe) are his
principal works.
Shaw, Henry Wheeler. [“Josh Billings. ”]
An American humorist; born in Lanesboro,
Mass. , April 21, 1818; died in Monterey, Cal. ,
Oct. 14, 1885. During the last twenty years of
his life he contributed regularly to the New
York Weekly. His publications include : Josh
Billings on Ice) (1875); (Josh Billings's Com-
plete Works) (1877); and Josh Billings's Spice-
Box) (1881).
Shea, John Dawson Gilmary. An Ameri.
can author and historical writer; born in New
York, July 22, 1824; died there, 1892. He edited
the Historical Magazine (1859-65); also Frank
Leslie's Chimney Corner. He has written ex-
tensively on the early history and explorations
in the West, and contributed largely to Roman
Catholic denominational literature. Among
other books he has published : (Discovery and
Exploration of the Mississippi Valley) (1853);
(History of Catholic Missions among the In-
dians) (1854); (Account of the New Nether-
lands in 1643-44' (1862); (The Catholic Church
in the United States) (1856); and Life of
Pius IX. (1875).
Shedd, Mrs. Julia Ann (Clark). An Amer-
ican writer on art; born in Newport, Me. ,
Aug. 8, 1834. Besides many contributions to
art periodicals, she has published: (Famous
Painters and Paintings) (1874); (The Ghiberti
Gates) (1876); (Famous Sculptors and Sculpt-
ure) (1881); and (Raphael, his Madonnas and
Holy Families) (1883).
Shedd, William Greenough Thayer. An
educator, author, and Presbyterian clergyman
of eminence; born in Acton, Mass. , June 21,
1820; died in 1894. He was professor in the
University of Vermont (1845-52); in Auburn
Theological Seminary (1852-54); in Andover
Theological Seminary (1854-62); and professor
of Biblical literature in Union Seminary from
1863. He has published numerous historical
and polemic works. Among them are: "Lect-
ures on the Philosophy of History? (1856);
(History of Christian Doctrine) (2 vols. , 1863);
(Sermons to the Natural Man) (1871); Doc-
trine of Endless Punishment) (1885); and
Dogmatic Theology) (3 vols. , 1888-94).
Shelley, Mary (Godwin). An English
writer of works of psychological and historical
fiction, second wife of the poet Shelley; born
at London, Aug. 30, 1797 ; died there, Feb. 21,
1851. Her first story, 'Frankenstein (1818),
won for her a place among the imaginative
writers of England; it was followed by (Val-
perga, a historical romance (1823); “The Last
Man' (1826); “ Lodore' (1835); (Falkner' (1837).
Shelley, Percy Bysshe. The celebrated Eng.
lish poet; born at Field Place, near Horsham,
Sussex, Aug. 4, 1792 ; drowned off the coast of
Italy, July 8, 1822. He wrote: (Zastrozzi? (1810),
a romance; 'St. Irvyne' (1811), a romance ; (The
Necessity of Atheism (1811 ? ), a treatise; A
Poetical Essay on the Existing State of Things)
(1811); An Address to the Irish People' (1812);
Proposals for an Association of those Philan-
thropists who, Convinced of the Inadequacy
of the Moral and Political State of Ireland to
Produce Benefits which are, nevertheless, At-
tainable, are willing to Unite to Accomplish
its Regeneration (1812); 'Queen Mab: A Phil.
osophic Poem (1813); (A Vindication of Nat.
ural Diet! (1813); (A Refutation of Deism)
(1814); (Alastor, or the Spirit of Solitude, and
Other Poems) (1816); (A Proposal for Putting
Reform to the Vote throughout the Kingdom)
(1817); (A Six-Weeks' Tour' (1817), in collabora-
tion with Mary Godwin; (Laon and Cynthia!
(1818), subsequently altered and reissued as "The
Revolt of Islam: A Poem) (1818, some few
copies being erroneously dated 1817); Rosalind
and Helen: A Modern Eclogue; with Other
Poems) (1819); (The Cenci : A Tragedy (1819);
(Prometheus Unbound: A Lyrical Drama)
(1820); (Edipus Tyrannus, or Swellfoot the
Tyrant: A Tragedy in Two Acts; Translated
from the Original Doric) (1820); (Epipsychid-
ion : Verses addressed to the Noble and Unfor-
tunate Lady Emilia V-) (1821); (Adonais:
An Elegy on the Death of John Keats (1821);
(Hellas: A Lyrical Drama) (1822),- the last
of Shelley's works issued during his lifetime.
After his death there appeared : Posthumous
## p. 493 (#509) ############################################
SHELTON - SHINN
493
Poems) (1824); (The Masque of Anarchy: A
Poem; Now First Published) (1832); "The
Shelley Papers) (1833); Essays, Letters from
Abroad, Translations, and Fragments) (1840);
(The Dämon of the World: the First Part
as Published in 1816 with (Alastor); the Sec.
ond Part Deciphered and now First Printed'
(1876). *
Shelton, Frederick William. An American
clergyman, and humorous and satirical writer;
born in Jamaica, N. Y. , 1814; died at Carthage
Landing, N. Y. , June 20, 1881. His publications
include : (The Trollopiad, or Traveling Gen-
tleman in America, a satirical poem (1837);
(Salander and the Dragon,' a romance (1851);
(Up the River,' a series of rural sketches on
the Hudson (1853); Peeps from a Belfry; or,
Parish Sketch-Book) (1855); (Use and Abuse
of Reason); (The Gold Mania); etc.
Shenshin, Afanasy Afanasievich. See Fet.
Shenstone, William. An English poet; born
at the Leasowes, near Halesowen, Shropshire,
November 1714; died there, Feb. II, 1763. His
best-remembered poems are: (The Schoolmis-
tress) (1742); (The Pastoral Ballad? (1743);
and Written in an Inn at Henley. His
(Works) and Letters were collected in three
volumes (1764-69); and his Essays on Men
and Manners) were republished in 1868. *
Sheppard, Elizabeth Sara. An English nov-
elist ; born at Blackheath, 1830; died at Brixton,
March 13, 1862. She wrote the noted (Charles
Auchester (1853), a mystical art novel ; (Coun-
terparts, or the Cross of Love) (1854); (My First
Season) (1855); (The Double Coronet) (1856);
(Rumor, a musical and artistic novel (1858).
Sheridan, Philip Henry. A famous Amer.
ican soldier; born in Albany, N. Y. , March 6,
1831 ; died in Nonquitt, Mass. , Aug. 5, 1888. He
graduated at West Point, July 1, 1853, and
rose through a distinguished career of army
service during which he became successively
major-general, lieutenant-general, and general.
He wrote (Personal Memoirs,' published in 2
vols. , 1888.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley. An eminent
British dramatist and parliamentary orator ; born
at Dublin, Sept. 30, 1751; died at London, July
7, 1816. His principal dramatic works are : (The
Rivals,' comedy (1774); (The Duenna,' comic
opera (1775); “The School for Scandal, comedy
(1777); (The Critic,' farce (1779). His most
memorable speeches are the Begum Speech,
so-called, made in the trial of Warren Hastings,
and the Perfumery Speech. *
Sherman, Frank Dempster. An American
poet; born at Peekskill, N. Y. , May 6, 1860.
Educated at Columbia College and Harvard
University, he became an instructor in the Co-
lumbia School of Architecture. He has pub-
lished: Madrigals and Catches); Lyrics for
a Lute); and, with John Kendrick Bangs,
(New Waggings of Old Tales); (Little Folk
Lyrics, etc. His poems are a frequent feature
of the magazines.
Sherman, John. An eminent American
statesman; born in Lancaster, O. , May 10, 1823.
He was a delegate to the Whig convention,
1848; first elected to Congress in 1854; Senator,
1861-73, and 1881-87; Secretary of the Treas-
ury, 1877-81; and Secretary of State from 1897.
He is the author of (Selected Speeches and
Reports on Finance and Taxation, 1859–1878)
(New York, 1879); and Recollections of Forty
Years in the House, Senate, and Cabinet. '
Sherman, William Tecumseh. One of the
most distinguished of American generals; born
in Lancaster, O. , Feb. 8, 1820; died in New
York city, Feb. 14, 1891. He graduated at
West Point in 1840 ; resigned from the army
as captain in 1853; was commissioned colonel,
May 13, 1861, and after a long career of active
service, retired from command on Feb. 8, 1884,
as general of the army. He has published:
(Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman by Him-
self(2 vols. , New York, 1875 and 1885).
Sherwood, John D. An American writer;
born in Fishkill, N. Y. , Oct. 15, 1818. He
served as a Federal officer through the Civil
War. Besides contributing to periodicals, he
has published the volumes : 'The Case of Cuba)
(1869); Comic History of the United States)
(1870).
Shevchenko, Taras Grigorievich (shev-
chen'ko). A Russian poet; born Feb. 25, 1814;
died in St. Petersburg, Feb. 26, 1861. His
(Kobzar,' a volume of lyrics in the Little Rus-
sian dialect, appeared in 1840 (new cd. 1860),
and became at once popular. (Haidamaki,
one of the greatest of Russian epics, followed
in 1841; after which came Hamalia, Maiax,'
and others.
shillaber, Benjamin Penhallow. ["Mrs.
Partington. ”] An American journalist and
humorist; born in Portsmouth, N. II. , July 12,
1814; died in Chelsea, Mass. , Nov. 25, 1890.
From 1840 to 1866 he was editor of various jour-
nals in Boston. His Life and Sayings of Mrs.
Partington (1854) gained for him world-wide
popularity. This was followed by Knitting-
Work) (1857); Partington Patchwork) (1873);
and (Wide Swath,' a volume of collected verse
(1882).
shindler, Mrs. Mary Stanley Bunce
( Palmer ) ( Dana ). An American poet and
author; born in Beaufort, S. C. , Feb. 15, 1810;
died in 1883. Her poems, once very popular
through the South, include: “The Southern
Harp) (1840); (The Northern Harp) (1841);
The Parted Family, and Other Poems) (1842);
(The Temperance Lyre) ( 1842 ). She has
also written (Charles Morton; or, The Young
Patriot) (1843); (Forecastle Tom' (1844); and
Letters on the Irinity) (1845).
Shinn, Charles Howard. An American poet,
journalist, and historical writer; born in Aus-
tin, Tex. , April 29, 1852. He was engaged in
periodical work until 1885, when he became
connected with the Overland Monthly. He
is the author of Mining Camps : A Study in
## p. 494 (#510) ############################################
494
SHINN - SIMMS
American Pioneer Government) (1885), and
(The Story of the Mine.
Shinn, Millicent Washburn. An Ameri-
can editor; born in Washington Township, Cal. ,
April 15, 1858.
