21 ; and
protecting
the hinges of doors (cardo).
William Smith - 1844 - Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities - a
PAPIRIUS CARBO, with the surname AR- soldiers.
Carbo now returned to Italy with the
VINA, was a son of No. 2 (Cic. Brut. 62), and troops which had already been carried across the
throughout his life a supporter of the aristocracy, Adriatic, but he did not venture to go to Rome,
whence Cicero calls him the only good citizen in although the tribunes urged him to come in order
the whole family. He was tribune of the people that a successor to Cinna might be elected. At
in B. c. 90, as we may infer from Cicero (Brut. length, however, Carbo returned to Rome, but the
8. 9), thongh some writers place his tribuneship a attempts at holding the comitia were frustrated by
year earlier, and others a year later. In his tri- prodigies, and Carbo remained sole consul for the
buneship Carbo and his colleague, M. Plautius rest of the year.
Silvanus, carried a law (lex Plautia et Papiria), In B. C. 83, Sulla arrived in Italy. Carbo, who
according to which a citizen of a federate state, was now proconsul of Gaul, hastened to Rome,
who had his domicile in Italy at the time the law and there caused a decree to be made, which de-
was passed, and had sent in his name to the praeclared Metellus and all the senators who supported
tor within sixty days after, should have the Roman Sulla, to be enemies of the republic. About the
franchise. Carbo distinguished himself greatly as same time the capitol was burnt down, and there
an orator, and though according to Cicero he was was some suspicion of Carbo having set it on fire.
wanting in acuteness, his speeches were always While Sulla and his partizans were carrying on
weighty and carried with them a high degree of the war in various parts of Italy, Carbo was elect-
authority. We still possess a fragment of one of ed consul a third time for the year B. c. 82,
his orations which he delivered in his tribuneship, together with C. Marius, the younger. Carbo's
and which Orelli (Onom. Tull. ii. p. 440) errone army was in Cisalpine Gaul, and in the spring of
ously attributes to his father. [No. 2. )' In this 82 his legate, C. Carrinas, fought a severely con-
fragment (Cic. Orat. 63) he approves of the death tested battle with Metellus, and was put to flight.
of M. Livius Drusus, who had been murdered the Carbo himself, however, pursued Metellus, and
year before, B. c. 91. Cicero expressly states, that kept him in a position in which he was unable to
he was present when the oration was delivered, do any thing ; hearing of the misfortunes of his
which shews incontrovertibly, that it cannot belong colleague Marius at Praeneste, he led his troops
to C. Papirius Carbo, the father, who died long back to Ariminum, whither he was followed by
before Cicero was born. He was murdered in B. C. Pompey. In the mean time Metellus gained
82, in the curia Hostilia, by the praetor Brutus another victory over an army of Carbo. Sulla,
Damasippus (BRUTUS, No. 19], one of the leaders after entering Rome and making some of the most
of the Marian party. (Cic. pro Arch. 4, Brut. necessary arrangements, marched out himself
62, 90, Ad Fam. ix. 21, De Orat. iii. 3; Schol. against Carbo. In an engagement on the river
Bobiens. p. 353, ed. Orelli ; Vell. Pat. ii. 26; Ap- Glanis, several of the Spaniards, who had joined
pian, B. C. i. 88. )
his army a little while before, deserted to Sulla,
7. Cn. Papirius Cx. F. C. n. CARBO, a son of and Carbo, either to avenge himself on those who
No. 3 and cousin of No. 6, occurs in history for remained with him, or to set a fearful example,
the first time in B. C. 92, when the consul Appius ordered all of them to be put to death. At
2 2
## p. 612 (#632) ############################################
612
CARCINUS.
CARFULENUS.
length a great battle was fought at Clusium be- l be true, he is a grandson of Carcinus the elder.
tween Carbo and Sulla: it lasted for a whole day, (Comp. Harpocrat. s. r. Kapkívos. ) lle is in all
but the victory was not decided. Pompey and probability the same ns the one who spent a great
Crassus were engaged against Carrinas in the part of his life at the court of Dionysius li. at
neighbourhood of Spoletium, and when Carbo Syracuse. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 7. ) This supposition
sent out an army to his relief, Sulla, who was in- agrees with the statement of Suidas, according to
formed of the route which this army took, attacked whom Carcinus the son of Xenocles lived about
it from an ambuscade and killed nearly 2000 men. B. C. 380; for Dionysius was expelled from Syra-
Carrinas himself however escaped. Marcius, who cuse in B. c. 356. (Comp. Diod. v. 5, where Wes-
was sent by Carbo to the relief of Praeneste, was seling is thinking of the fictitious Carcinus of Agri-
likewise attacked from an ambuscade by Pompey, gentum. ) The tragedies which are referred to by
and lost many of his men. His soldiers, who con- the ancients under the name of Carcimus, probably
sidered him to be the cause of their defeat, desert- all belong to the younger Carcinus. Suidas aitributes
cd him, with the exception of a few cohorts, with to him 160 tragedies, but we possess the titles and
which he returned to Carbo. Shortly after Carbo fraginents of nine only and some fragments of uncer-
and Norbanus made an attack upon the camp of tain dramas. The following titles are known : Alope
Metellus near Faventia, but time and place were (Aristot. Ethic. Nicom. vii. 7), Achilles (Athen. v.
unfavourable to them, and they were defeated : p. 189), Thyestes (Aristot. Poct. 16), Semele
about 10,000 of their men were slain, and 6000 (Athen. xiii. p. 559), Amphiaraus (Aristot. Poct.
deserted to Metellus, so that Carbo was obliged to 17), Medeia (Aristot. Rhet. ii. 23), Qedipus (Aris-
withdraw to Arretium with about 1000 men. tot. Rhet. iii. 15), Tereus (Stobaeus, Scrm. ciii. 3),
The desertion and treachery in the party, which and Orestes. (Phot. Lcr. p. 132. ) As regards the
had hitherto supported the cause of Marius, in- character of the poems of Carcinus, it is usually
creased every day: Norbanus despairing of suc- inferred, from the phrase Kaprívov noinuata, used
cess fled to Rhodes, where he put an end to his to designate obscure poetry (Phot. Lex. s. v. ), and
life soon afterwards ; and when Carbo found that is also attested by other authorities (Athen. viii.
the relief of Praeneste, whither he had sent two p. 351), that the style of Carcinus was of a studied
legions under Damasippus, was hopeless, he too obscurity; though in the fragments extant we can
resolved to quit Italy, although he bad still large scarcely perceive any trace of this obscurity, and
forces at his command, and his generals, Carrinas, their style bears a close resemblance to that of
Marcius, and Damasippus, were continuing the Euripides. (Meineke, llist. Crit. com. Graec. p.
war in Italy. Carbo fled to Africa. After his 505, &c. )
party in Italy had been completely defeated, Pom- 2. Of Naupactus, is mentioned by Pausanias (x.
pey was seni against the remains of it in Sicily, 33. § 6) among the cyclic poets; and Charon of
whither Carbo then repaired. From thence he Lampsacus, before whose tine Carcinus must have
went to the island of Cossyra, where he was taken lived, attributed to him the epic poem Navrátia,
prisoner by the emissaries of Pompey. His com- which all others ascribed to a Milesian poet.
panions were put to death at once, but Carbo him. 3. A Greek rhetorician, who is referred to by.
self was brought in chains before Pompey at Li- Alexander (De Fig. Dict. ), but of whom nothing
lybaeum, and after a bitter invective against him, further is known.
(L. S. )
Pompey had him executed and sent his head to CA'RCIUS, the commander of a portion of the
Sulla, B. C. 82. (Appian, B. C. i. 69—96; Lir. fleet of Octavianus in the war against Sext. Pom-
Epit. 79, 83, 88, 89; Plut. Sull. 22, &c. , Pomp. peius, B. c. 36. (Appian, B. C. v. 111. ) (L. S. )
10, &c. ; Cic. c. Verr. i. 4, 13; Pseudo-Ascon. CA'RDEA, a Roman divinity presiding over
in Verr. p. 129, ed. Orelli ; Cic. ad Fam. ix.
21 ; and protecting the hinges of doors (cardo). What
Eutrop. v. 8, 9; Oros. v. 20; Zonar. x. ). ) Ovid (Fast. vi. 101, dic. ) relates of Cara belongs
8. PAPIRIUS CARBO, a son of Rubria, who is to Cardea : the poet seems, in fact, in that
mentioned only by Cicero (ad Fam. ix. 21), and passage to confound three distinct divinities-
is ironically called there a friend of Cicero. Who Carna, Cardea, and Crane, the last of whom he
he was is unknown.
[L. S. ] declares to be merely an ancient form of Carna.
CARCI'NUS, the father of Agathocles. [AGA-Cardea was beloved by Janus, and after yielding
THOCLES. )
to his embraces, the god rewarded her by giving
CARCINUS (Kaprívos). 1. Suidas mentions her the protection of the hinges of doors, and the
three distinct poets of this name. The first he power of preventing evil daemons from entering
calls a native of Agrigentum in Sicily; the second houses. She especially protected little children in
an Athenian, and son of Theodectes or Xenocles; their cradles against formidable night-birds, which
and the third simply an Attic poet. The first of witches used to metamorphose themselves into, and
these poets is not mentioned any where else, and thus to attack children by night time, tearing them
his existence is more than doubtful. The investi- from their cradles and sucking the blood out of
gations of Meineke on the poets of the name Car- them. Cardea exercised this power by means of
cinus have shewn incontrovertibly that we have to white thorn and other magic substances, and is
distinguish between two tragic poets of this name, said to have done so first in the case of Procas, prince
both of whom were natives of Athens. The first of Alba. (Tertull. de Cor. 13. ) [L. S. )
or elder one, who was a very skilful scenic dancer CARDIANUS HIERONYMUS. [HIERO-
(Athen. i. p. 22), is occasionally alluded to by NYMUS. )
Aristophanes (Nub. 1263, Par, 794, with the CARE'NES or CARRHE'NES, a general of
Schol. ); but his dramas, of which no fragments the Parthians who was defeated in a battle with
have come down to us, seem to have perished at Gotarzes in A. D. 49. (Tac. Ann. xii. 12–14. ) [L. S. )
an early time.
D. CARFULE'NUS, called Carsuleius by Ap-
The younger Carcinus was a son either of Theo pian, served under Julius Caesar in the Alexan-
dectes or of Xenocles; and if the latter statement drine war (B. C. 47), in which he is spoken of as
a
## p. 613 (#633) ############################################
CARINUS.
613
CARNA.
SAUTI
a man of great military skill. (Hirt. B. Alex. 31. ) T. CARI'SIUS, defeated the Astures in Spain,
He was tribune of the plebs at the time of Cae- and took their chief town, Lancia, about B. c. 25;
sar's death (B. C. 44); and as he was a supporter but in consequence of the cruelty and insolence of
of the aristocratical party, and an opponent of An- Carisius, the Astures took up arms again in B. C.
tony, was excluded from the senate by the latter 22. (Florus, iv. 12. $ 55, &c. ; Oros. vi. 21 ;
on the 28th of November. (Cic. Philipp. iii. 9. ) Dion Cass. liii. 25, liv. 5. ) There are several
[Tı. Canutius. ) He took an active part in the coins bearing the name of Carisius upon them, two
war against Antony in the following year, and fell specimens of which are given below. The former
in the battle of Mutina, in which Antony was de has on the obverse the head of a woman, and on
. feated. (Appian, B. C. iii. 66, &c. ; Cic. ad Fam. the reverse a sphinx, with the inscription T. CA-
x. 33, xv. 4. )
RISIVS III. Vir: the latter has on the obverse
CARI'NAS. (CARRINAS. )
CARI'NUS, M. AURE'LIUS, the elder of
the two sons of Carus. Upon the departure of his
father for the Persian war (A. D. 282), he was ap-
pointed supreme governor of all the Westem pro-
vinces, and received the titles of Caesar and Im-
perator. After the death of Carus in 283, he
assumed the purple conjointly with his brother,
and upon receiving intelligence of the untimely
fate of Numerianus and the elevation of Diocletian the head of Augustus, with the inscription Imp.
to the throne by the army of Asia, he set forth in Caesar Avgvst. , and on the reverse the gate
all haste from Gaul to encounter his riral. The of a city, over which is inscribed Imirita, and
opposing hosts met in Maesia, several engagements around it the words P. CARIsIvs Leg. PROPR.
followed, and at length a decisive battle was fought There is nothing in the former coin except the
Dear Margum, in which Carinus gained the vic-
tory, but, in the moment of triumph, was slain
by some of his own officers, whose honour he had
wounded in the course of his profligate indulgences.
PIRITA
Historians agree in painting the character of this
emperor in the darkest colours. When roused he
lor
was unquestionably not deficient in valour and
military skill, as was proved by the vigour with
which he repressed certain seditious movements in
Gaul, and by the successful conduct of his last praenomen Titus to identify it with the subject of
campaign. But during the greater part of his this article ; but the latter one would appear to
short career he abandoned himself to the gratifica- have been struck by the conqueror of the Astures,
tion of the most brutal passions, and never scrupled and perhaps Dion Cassius has made a mistake in
at any act of oppression or cruelty. State affairs calling him Titus. The word IMIRITA, which
were totally neglected—the most upright of those is also written EMERITA and IIMIIRITA on some
by whom he was surrounded were banished or put of the coins, seems to refer to the fact mentioned
to death, and the highest offices bestowed upon by Dion Cassius (liii. 26), that after the conquest
degraded ministers of his pleasures. Nine wives of the Cantabri and Astures, Augustus dismissed
were wedded and repudiated in quick succession, many of his soldiers who had served their time
and the palace, filled with a throng of players, (emeriti), and assigned them a town in Lusitania,
dancers, harlots, and panders, presented a constant to which he gave the name of Augusta Emerita.
scene of riot and intemperance. It was bitterly (Eckhel, v. p. 162, &c. )
observed, that in this prince the sensual enormities CA'RIUS (Kápos), the Carian, a surname of
of Elagabalus were seen combined with the cold Zeus, under which he had a temple at Mylassa in
ferocity of Domitian. His only claims upon the Caria, which belonged to the Carians, Lydians,
affection of the populace consisted in the prodigal and Mysians in common, as they were believed to
magnificence displayed in the celebration of games be brother nations. (Herod. i. 17), v. 66 ; Strab.
in honour of his brother and himself. These ap-xiv. p. 659. ) In Thessaly and Boeotia, Zeus was
pear to have transcended in fantastic splendour all likewise worshipped under this name. (Plot.
previous exhibitions, and the details transmitted Ler. s. r. )
(L. S. ]
to us by Vopiscus are of a most strange and mar- CARMA'NOR (Kapudvwp), a Cretan of Tarrha,
vellous description.
father of Eubulus and Chrysothemis. He was
Chronologers are at variance with regard to the said to have received and purified Apollo and
precise date of the death of Carinus. Eckhel seems Artemis, after they had slain the monster Python,
inclined to fix it at the close of the year 284, but it and it was in the house of Carmanor that Apollo
is generally referred to the May following. (Vopisc. formed his connexion with the nymph Acacallis.
Carin. ; Aurel
. Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; (Paus. ii. 7. $ 7, 30. $ 3, x. 16. $ 2, 7. $ 2;
Zonar. xi. 30; Eutrop. ix. 12. ) [W. R. ] comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 1. & 5, 8. $ 11. ) [L. S. ]
CARME (Kápun), a daughter of Eubulus, who
became by Zeus the mother of Britomartis. (Paus.
ii. 30. § 2. ) Antoninus Liberalis (40) describes
her as a grand-daughter of Agenor, and daughter
of Phoenix.
[L. S. ]
CARMENTA, CARMENAE, CARMENTIS.
(CAMENAE. ]
CARNA or CARNEA, a Roman divinity,
بولاه از
## p. 614 (#634) ############################################
614
CARNEADES.
CARNEADES.
.
whose name is probably connected with caro, age, he suffered from cataract in his eyes, which
flesh, for she was regarded as the protector of the he bore with great impatience, and was so little
physical well-being of man. It was especially the resigned to the decay of nature, that he used to
chief organs of the human body, without which ask angrily, if this was the way in which nature
man cannot exist, such as the heart, the lungs, undid what she had done, and sometimes expressed
and the liver, that were recommended to her pro- a wish to poison himself.
tection. Junius Brutus, at the beginning of the Carneades left no writings, and all that is known
commonwealth, was believed to have dedicated to of his lectures is derived from his intimate friend
her a sanctuary on the Caelian hill, and a festival and pupil, Cleitomachus; but so true was he to his
was celebrated to her on the first of June, which own principles of witholding assent, that Cleitoma-
day was called fabrariue calendac, from beans chus confesses he never could ascertain what his
(fabae) and bacon being offered to her. (Macrob. master really thought on any subject. He, how-
Sat. i' 12; Varro, ap. Nonium, s.
VINA, was a son of No. 2 (Cic. Brut. 62), and troops which had already been carried across the
throughout his life a supporter of the aristocracy, Adriatic, but he did not venture to go to Rome,
whence Cicero calls him the only good citizen in although the tribunes urged him to come in order
the whole family. He was tribune of the people that a successor to Cinna might be elected. At
in B. c. 90, as we may infer from Cicero (Brut. length, however, Carbo returned to Rome, but the
8. 9), thongh some writers place his tribuneship a attempts at holding the comitia were frustrated by
year earlier, and others a year later. In his tri- prodigies, and Carbo remained sole consul for the
buneship Carbo and his colleague, M. Plautius rest of the year.
Silvanus, carried a law (lex Plautia et Papiria), In B. C. 83, Sulla arrived in Italy. Carbo, who
according to which a citizen of a federate state, was now proconsul of Gaul, hastened to Rome,
who had his domicile in Italy at the time the law and there caused a decree to be made, which de-
was passed, and had sent in his name to the praeclared Metellus and all the senators who supported
tor within sixty days after, should have the Roman Sulla, to be enemies of the republic. About the
franchise. Carbo distinguished himself greatly as same time the capitol was burnt down, and there
an orator, and though according to Cicero he was was some suspicion of Carbo having set it on fire.
wanting in acuteness, his speeches were always While Sulla and his partizans were carrying on
weighty and carried with them a high degree of the war in various parts of Italy, Carbo was elect-
authority. We still possess a fragment of one of ed consul a third time for the year B. c. 82,
his orations which he delivered in his tribuneship, together with C. Marius, the younger. Carbo's
and which Orelli (Onom. Tull. ii. p. 440) errone army was in Cisalpine Gaul, and in the spring of
ously attributes to his father. [No. 2. )' In this 82 his legate, C. Carrinas, fought a severely con-
fragment (Cic. Orat. 63) he approves of the death tested battle with Metellus, and was put to flight.
of M. Livius Drusus, who had been murdered the Carbo himself, however, pursued Metellus, and
year before, B. c. 91. Cicero expressly states, that kept him in a position in which he was unable to
he was present when the oration was delivered, do any thing ; hearing of the misfortunes of his
which shews incontrovertibly, that it cannot belong colleague Marius at Praeneste, he led his troops
to C. Papirius Carbo, the father, who died long back to Ariminum, whither he was followed by
before Cicero was born. He was murdered in B. C. Pompey. In the mean time Metellus gained
82, in the curia Hostilia, by the praetor Brutus another victory over an army of Carbo. Sulla,
Damasippus (BRUTUS, No. 19], one of the leaders after entering Rome and making some of the most
of the Marian party. (Cic. pro Arch. 4, Brut. necessary arrangements, marched out himself
62, 90, Ad Fam. ix. 21, De Orat. iii. 3; Schol. against Carbo. In an engagement on the river
Bobiens. p. 353, ed. Orelli ; Vell. Pat. ii. 26; Ap- Glanis, several of the Spaniards, who had joined
pian, B. C. i. 88. )
his army a little while before, deserted to Sulla,
7. Cn. Papirius Cx. F. C. n. CARBO, a son of and Carbo, either to avenge himself on those who
No. 3 and cousin of No. 6, occurs in history for remained with him, or to set a fearful example,
the first time in B. C. 92, when the consul Appius ordered all of them to be put to death. At
2 2
## p. 612 (#632) ############################################
612
CARCINUS.
CARFULENUS.
length a great battle was fought at Clusium be- l be true, he is a grandson of Carcinus the elder.
tween Carbo and Sulla: it lasted for a whole day, (Comp. Harpocrat. s. r. Kapkívos. ) lle is in all
but the victory was not decided. Pompey and probability the same ns the one who spent a great
Crassus were engaged against Carrinas in the part of his life at the court of Dionysius li. at
neighbourhood of Spoletium, and when Carbo Syracuse. (Diog. Laërt. ii. 7. ) This supposition
sent out an army to his relief, Sulla, who was in- agrees with the statement of Suidas, according to
formed of the route which this army took, attacked whom Carcinus the son of Xenocles lived about
it from an ambuscade and killed nearly 2000 men. B. C. 380; for Dionysius was expelled from Syra-
Carrinas himself however escaped. Marcius, who cuse in B. c. 356. (Comp. Diod. v. 5, where Wes-
was sent by Carbo to the relief of Praeneste, was seling is thinking of the fictitious Carcinus of Agri-
likewise attacked from an ambuscade by Pompey, gentum. ) The tragedies which are referred to by
and lost many of his men. His soldiers, who con- the ancients under the name of Carcimus, probably
sidered him to be the cause of their defeat, desert- all belong to the younger Carcinus. Suidas aitributes
cd him, with the exception of a few cohorts, with to him 160 tragedies, but we possess the titles and
which he returned to Carbo. Shortly after Carbo fraginents of nine only and some fragments of uncer-
and Norbanus made an attack upon the camp of tain dramas. The following titles are known : Alope
Metellus near Faventia, but time and place were (Aristot. Ethic. Nicom. vii. 7), Achilles (Athen. v.
unfavourable to them, and they were defeated : p. 189), Thyestes (Aristot. Poct. 16), Semele
about 10,000 of their men were slain, and 6000 (Athen. xiii. p. 559), Amphiaraus (Aristot. Poct.
deserted to Metellus, so that Carbo was obliged to 17), Medeia (Aristot. Rhet. ii. 23), Qedipus (Aris-
withdraw to Arretium with about 1000 men. tot. Rhet. iii. 15), Tereus (Stobaeus, Scrm. ciii. 3),
The desertion and treachery in the party, which and Orestes. (Phot. Lcr. p. 132. ) As regards the
had hitherto supported the cause of Marius, in- character of the poems of Carcinus, it is usually
creased every day: Norbanus despairing of suc- inferred, from the phrase Kaprívov noinuata, used
cess fled to Rhodes, where he put an end to his to designate obscure poetry (Phot. Lex. s. v. ), and
life soon afterwards ; and when Carbo found that is also attested by other authorities (Athen. viii.
the relief of Praeneste, whither he had sent two p. 351), that the style of Carcinus was of a studied
legions under Damasippus, was hopeless, he too obscurity; though in the fragments extant we can
resolved to quit Italy, although he bad still large scarcely perceive any trace of this obscurity, and
forces at his command, and his generals, Carrinas, their style bears a close resemblance to that of
Marcius, and Damasippus, were continuing the Euripides. (Meineke, llist. Crit. com. Graec. p.
war in Italy. Carbo fled to Africa. After his 505, &c. )
party in Italy had been completely defeated, Pom- 2. Of Naupactus, is mentioned by Pausanias (x.
pey was seni against the remains of it in Sicily, 33. § 6) among the cyclic poets; and Charon of
whither Carbo then repaired. From thence he Lampsacus, before whose tine Carcinus must have
went to the island of Cossyra, where he was taken lived, attributed to him the epic poem Navrátia,
prisoner by the emissaries of Pompey. His com- which all others ascribed to a Milesian poet.
panions were put to death at once, but Carbo him. 3. A Greek rhetorician, who is referred to by.
self was brought in chains before Pompey at Li- Alexander (De Fig. Dict. ), but of whom nothing
lybaeum, and after a bitter invective against him, further is known.
(L. S. )
Pompey had him executed and sent his head to CA'RCIUS, the commander of a portion of the
Sulla, B. C. 82. (Appian, B. C. i. 69—96; Lir. fleet of Octavianus in the war against Sext. Pom-
Epit. 79, 83, 88, 89; Plut. Sull. 22, &c. , Pomp. peius, B. c. 36. (Appian, B. C. v. 111. ) (L. S. )
10, &c. ; Cic. c. Verr. i. 4, 13; Pseudo-Ascon. CA'RDEA, a Roman divinity presiding over
in Verr. p. 129, ed. Orelli ; Cic. ad Fam. ix.
21 ; and protecting the hinges of doors (cardo). What
Eutrop. v. 8, 9; Oros. v. 20; Zonar. x. ). ) Ovid (Fast. vi. 101, dic. ) relates of Cara belongs
8. PAPIRIUS CARBO, a son of Rubria, who is to Cardea : the poet seems, in fact, in that
mentioned only by Cicero (ad Fam. ix. 21), and passage to confound three distinct divinities-
is ironically called there a friend of Cicero. Who Carna, Cardea, and Crane, the last of whom he
he was is unknown.
[L. S. ] declares to be merely an ancient form of Carna.
CARCI'NUS, the father of Agathocles. [AGA-Cardea was beloved by Janus, and after yielding
THOCLES. )
to his embraces, the god rewarded her by giving
CARCINUS (Kaprívos). 1. Suidas mentions her the protection of the hinges of doors, and the
three distinct poets of this name. The first he power of preventing evil daemons from entering
calls a native of Agrigentum in Sicily; the second houses. She especially protected little children in
an Athenian, and son of Theodectes or Xenocles; their cradles against formidable night-birds, which
and the third simply an Attic poet. The first of witches used to metamorphose themselves into, and
these poets is not mentioned any where else, and thus to attack children by night time, tearing them
his existence is more than doubtful. The investi- from their cradles and sucking the blood out of
gations of Meineke on the poets of the name Car- them. Cardea exercised this power by means of
cinus have shewn incontrovertibly that we have to white thorn and other magic substances, and is
distinguish between two tragic poets of this name, said to have done so first in the case of Procas, prince
both of whom were natives of Athens. The first of Alba. (Tertull. de Cor. 13. ) [L. S. )
or elder one, who was a very skilful scenic dancer CARDIANUS HIERONYMUS. [HIERO-
(Athen. i. p. 22), is occasionally alluded to by NYMUS. )
Aristophanes (Nub. 1263, Par, 794, with the CARE'NES or CARRHE'NES, a general of
Schol. ); but his dramas, of which no fragments the Parthians who was defeated in a battle with
have come down to us, seem to have perished at Gotarzes in A. D. 49. (Tac. Ann. xii. 12–14. ) [L. S. )
an early time.
D. CARFULE'NUS, called Carsuleius by Ap-
The younger Carcinus was a son either of Theo pian, served under Julius Caesar in the Alexan-
dectes or of Xenocles; and if the latter statement drine war (B. C. 47), in which he is spoken of as
a
## p. 613 (#633) ############################################
CARINUS.
613
CARNA.
SAUTI
a man of great military skill. (Hirt. B. Alex. 31. ) T. CARI'SIUS, defeated the Astures in Spain,
He was tribune of the plebs at the time of Cae- and took their chief town, Lancia, about B. c. 25;
sar's death (B. C. 44); and as he was a supporter but in consequence of the cruelty and insolence of
of the aristocratical party, and an opponent of An- Carisius, the Astures took up arms again in B. C.
tony, was excluded from the senate by the latter 22. (Florus, iv. 12. $ 55, &c. ; Oros. vi. 21 ;
on the 28th of November. (Cic. Philipp. iii. 9. ) Dion Cass. liii. 25, liv. 5. ) There are several
[Tı. Canutius. ) He took an active part in the coins bearing the name of Carisius upon them, two
war against Antony in the following year, and fell specimens of which are given below. The former
in the battle of Mutina, in which Antony was de has on the obverse the head of a woman, and on
. feated. (Appian, B. C. iii. 66, &c. ; Cic. ad Fam. the reverse a sphinx, with the inscription T. CA-
x. 33, xv. 4. )
RISIVS III. Vir: the latter has on the obverse
CARI'NAS. (CARRINAS. )
CARI'NUS, M. AURE'LIUS, the elder of
the two sons of Carus. Upon the departure of his
father for the Persian war (A. D. 282), he was ap-
pointed supreme governor of all the Westem pro-
vinces, and received the titles of Caesar and Im-
perator. After the death of Carus in 283, he
assumed the purple conjointly with his brother,
and upon receiving intelligence of the untimely
fate of Numerianus and the elevation of Diocletian the head of Augustus, with the inscription Imp.
to the throne by the army of Asia, he set forth in Caesar Avgvst. , and on the reverse the gate
all haste from Gaul to encounter his riral. The of a city, over which is inscribed Imirita, and
opposing hosts met in Maesia, several engagements around it the words P. CARIsIvs Leg. PROPR.
followed, and at length a decisive battle was fought There is nothing in the former coin except the
Dear Margum, in which Carinus gained the vic-
tory, but, in the moment of triumph, was slain
by some of his own officers, whose honour he had
wounded in the course of his profligate indulgences.
PIRITA
Historians agree in painting the character of this
emperor in the darkest colours. When roused he
lor
was unquestionably not deficient in valour and
military skill, as was proved by the vigour with
which he repressed certain seditious movements in
Gaul, and by the successful conduct of his last praenomen Titus to identify it with the subject of
campaign. But during the greater part of his this article ; but the latter one would appear to
short career he abandoned himself to the gratifica- have been struck by the conqueror of the Astures,
tion of the most brutal passions, and never scrupled and perhaps Dion Cassius has made a mistake in
at any act of oppression or cruelty. State affairs calling him Titus. The word IMIRITA, which
were totally neglected—the most upright of those is also written EMERITA and IIMIIRITA on some
by whom he was surrounded were banished or put of the coins, seems to refer to the fact mentioned
to death, and the highest offices bestowed upon by Dion Cassius (liii. 26), that after the conquest
degraded ministers of his pleasures. Nine wives of the Cantabri and Astures, Augustus dismissed
were wedded and repudiated in quick succession, many of his soldiers who had served their time
and the palace, filled with a throng of players, (emeriti), and assigned them a town in Lusitania,
dancers, harlots, and panders, presented a constant to which he gave the name of Augusta Emerita.
scene of riot and intemperance. It was bitterly (Eckhel, v. p. 162, &c. )
observed, that in this prince the sensual enormities CA'RIUS (Kápos), the Carian, a surname of
of Elagabalus were seen combined with the cold Zeus, under which he had a temple at Mylassa in
ferocity of Domitian. His only claims upon the Caria, which belonged to the Carians, Lydians,
affection of the populace consisted in the prodigal and Mysians in common, as they were believed to
magnificence displayed in the celebration of games be brother nations. (Herod. i. 17), v. 66 ; Strab.
in honour of his brother and himself. These ap-xiv. p. 659. ) In Thessaly and Boeotia, Zeus was
pear to have transcended in fantastic splendour all likewise worshipped under this name. (Plot.
previous exhibitions, and the details transmitted Ler. s. r. )
(L. S. ]
to us by Vopiscus are of a most strange and mar- CARMA'NOR (Kapudvwp), a Cretan of Tarrha,
vellous description.
father of Eubulus and Chrysothemis. He was
Chronologers are at variance with regard to the said to have received and purified Apollo and
precise date of the death of Carinus. Eckhel seems Artemis, after they had slain the monster Python,
inclined to fix it at the close of the year 284, but it and it was in the house of Carmanor that Apollo
is generally referred to the May following. (Vopisc. formed his connexion with the nymph Acacallis.
Carin. ; Aurel
. Vict. Caes. xxxviii. , Epit. xxxviii. ; (Paus. ii. 7. $ 7, 30. $ 3, x. 16. $ 2, 7. $ 2;
Zonar. xi. 30; Eutrop. ix. 12. ) [W. R. ] comp. Müller, Dor. ii. 1. & 5, 8. $ 11. ) [L. S. ]
CARME (Kápun), a daughter of Eubulus, who
became by Zeus the mother of Britomartis. (Paus.
ii. 30. § 2. ) Antoninus Liberalis (40) describes
her as a grand-daughter of Agenor, and daughter
of Phoenix.
[L. S. ]
CARMENTA, CARMENAE, CARMENTIS.
(CAMENAE. ]
CARNA or CARNEA, a Roman divinity,
بولاه از
## p. 614 (#634) ############################################
614
CARNEADES.
CARNEADES.
.
whose name is probably connected with caro, age, he suffered from cataract in his eyes, which
flesh, for she was regarded as the protector of the he bore with great impatience, and was so little
physical well-being of man. It was especially the resigned to the decay of nature, that he used to
chief organs of the human body, without which ask angrily, if this was the way in which nature
man cannot exist, such as the heart, the lungs, undid what she had done, and sometimes expressed
and the liver, that were recommended to her pro- a wish to poison himself.
tection. Junius Brutus, at the beginning of the Carneades left no writings, and all that is known
commonwealth, was believed to have dedicated to of his lectures is derived from his intimate friend
her a sanctuary on the Caelian hill, and a festival and pupil, Cleitomachus; but so true was he to his
was celebrated to her on the first of June, which own principles of witholding assent, that Cleitoma-
day was called fabrariue calendac, from beans chus confesses he never could ascertain what his
(fabae) and bacon being offered to her. (Macrob. master really thought on any subject. He, how-
Sat. i' 12; Varro, ap. Nonium, s.
